Sorghum is an important cereal crop for smallholder farmers’ food security in many countries in West Africa. However, its production has stagnated due to several factors, such as anthracnose and grain molds. Thus, a ...Sorghum is an important cereal crop for smallholder farmers’ food security in many countries in West Africa. However, its production has stagnated due to several factors, such as anthracnose and grain molds. Thus, a study was conducted to identify local germplasms that combine high grain yield and resistance to anthracnose and grain molds under Senegalese environments. A set of 256 genotypes was assessed at Sefa, Sinthiou and Kolda research stations using an incomplete blocks design with two replications. Agro-morphological and phytopathological data were collected. The results revealed a huge phenotypic variation between the genotypes for all traits. The flowering time varied from 43 to 126 days after sowing, while the panicle length varied from 10 to 60 cm. The genotypes were generally more productive at Sinthiou (1653 Kg ha−1) compared to Kolda (164 kg ha−1) research stations. The disease parameters were significantly and positively associated, while the flowering time was strongly and positively associated to grain mold score. The genotypes were classified into three groups with plant height, panicle diameter and length, flowering time and grain mold score as the most discriminating parameters. The genotypes belonging to cluster 3, in addition of being more productive and more resistant to grain mold and anthracnose, have longer panicles. These genotypes present promising prospects for inclusion in breeding programs focused on advancing sorghum yield and disease resistance in Senegal.展开更多
Maize is an important source of calories and protein in human lives in many countries of the world and is the main staple food in Africa, particularly in eastern Africa. In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly...Maize is an important source of calories and protein in human lives in many countries of the world and is the main staple food in Africa, particularly in eastern Africa. In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly due to the use of low yielding landraces. It is necessary to carry out breeding programs that deal with the production of high yielding, adaptable new varieties. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genotypic performance and interrelationships among the traits. Ten maize genotypes evaluated at White Nile Research Station Farm, Kosti, of the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani Sudan were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the two seasons of 2021 and 2022. Most evaluated genotypes exhibited a wide and significant variation in the 11 measured traits. Genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% tasseling, ear diameter (cm), number of grains per row and grain yield (t/ha) in both seasons. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for grain yield, ear length, ear height, plant height, number of rows per ear, ear weight, days to 50% tasseling, 100-grain weight and days to 50% silking. Moreover, there was a highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield with number of rows per ear (r = 0.479), ear length (r = 0.381), 100-grain weight (r = 0.344) and days to 50% tasseling (r = 0.214). The highest yielding five genotypes across the seasons were TZCOM1/ZDPSYN (4.2 t/ha), EEPVAH-3 (4.2 t/ha), F2TWLY131228 (4.1 t/ha), PVA SYN6F2 (3.9 t/ha) and EEPVAH-9 (3.8 t/ha) these were needed to check the adaptability, stability and to test major maize growing areas to make sound recommendations for release.展开更多
This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in...This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.展开更多
In most agricultural areas in the semi-arid region of the southern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a primary economic activity. This region is drought-prone and projected to have a drier clim...In most agricultural areas in the semi-arid region of the southern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a primary economic activity. This region is drought-prone and projected to have a drier climate in the future. Predicting the yield loss due to an anticipated drought is crucial for wheat growers. A reliable way for predicting the drought-induced yield loss is to use a plant physiology-based drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Since different wheat cultivars exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to water stress, the impact of drought could be different on the cultivars belonging to different drought sensitivity groups. The objective of this study was to develop the cultivar drought sensitivity (CDS) group-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss of winter wheat in the Llano Estacado region in the southern United States by accounting for the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. For the study, the historical (1947-2021) winter wheat grain yield and daily weather data of two locations in the region (Bushland, TX and Clovis, NM) were used. The logical values of the drought sensitivity parameters of the yield models, especially for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, indicated that the yield models reflected the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region satisfactorily. The reasonable values of the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.65 and 0.72), the Willmott Index (0.88 and 0.92), and the percentage error (23 and 22) for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, respectively, indicated that the yield models for these groups performed reasonably well. These models could be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield losses and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity as influenced by cultivar genotype.展开更多
文摘Sorghum is an important cereal crop for smallholder farmers’ food security in many countries in West Africa. However, its production has stagnated due to several factors, such as anthracnose and grain molds. Thus, a study was conducted to identify local germplasms that combine high grain yield and resistance to anthracnose and grain molds under Senegalese environments. A set of 256 genotypes was assessed at Sefa, Sinthiou and Kolda research stations using an incomplete blocks design with two replications. Agro-morphological and phytopathological data were collected. The results revealed a huge phenotypic variation between the genotypes for all traits. The flowering time varied from 43 to 126 days after sowing, while the panicle length varied from 10 to 60 cm. The genotypes were generally more productive at Sinthiou (1653 Kg ha−1) compared to Kolda (164 kg ha−1) research stations. The disease parameters were significantly and positively associated, while the flowering time was strongly and positively associated to grain mold score. The genotypes were classified into three groups with plant height, panicle diameter and length, flowering time and grain mold score as the most discriminating parameters. The genotypes belonging to cluster 3, in addition of being more productive and more resistant to grain mold and anthracnose, have longer panicles. These genotypes present promising prospects for inclusion in breeding programs focused on advancing sorghum yield and disease resistance in Senegal.
文摘Maize is an important source of calories and protein in human lives in many countries of the world and is the main staple food in Africa, particularly in eastern Africa. In the Sudan, the low yield of maize was mainly due to the use of low yielding landraces. It is necessary to carry out breeding programs that deal with the production of high yielding, adaptable new varieties. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genotypic performance and interrelationships among the traits. Ten maize genotypes evaluated at White Nile Research Station Farm, Kosti, of the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC), Wad Medani Sudan were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the two seasons of 2021 and 2022. Most evaluated genotypes exhibited a wide and significant variation in the 11 measured traits. Genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for days to 50% tasseling, ear diameter (cm), number of grains per row and grain yield (t/ha) in both seasons. High heritability and genetic advance were recorded for grain yield, ear length, ear height, plant height, number of rows per ear, ear weight, days to 50% tasseling, 100-grain weight and days to 50% silking. Moreover, there was a highly significant and positive correlation of grain yield with number of rows per ear (r = 0.479), ear length (r = 0.381), 100-grain weight (r = 0.344) and days to 50% tasseling (r = 0.214). The highest yielding five genotypes across the seasons were TZCOM1/ZDPSYN (4.2 t/ha), EEPVAH-3 (4.2 t/ha), F2TWLY131228 (4.1 t/ha), PVA SYN6F2 (3.9 t/ha) and EEPVAH-9 (3.8 t/ha) these were needed to check the adaptability, stability and to test major maize growing areas to make sound recommendations for release.
文摘This study was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of indigenous microorganism (IMO), effective (EM) and mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the yield and nutritional value of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in Western Cameroon (Baboutcha-Fongam). The study was conducted during two consecutive years, using a completely randomized block design of 8 treatments repeated three times in each subblock. The sub-plots were enriched with 0, 10, 20 and 40 g corresponding to the treatment of EM and IMO respectively and 3.2 g of NPK in 2019. Subsequently, the best dose that resulted in excellent yields was repeated for the rest of the experiment in 2020. The yield parameters and nutritional value of the two varieties of Arachis hypogaea used in the two consecutive years increase with the contribution of the different doses compared to the control. Overall, a significant increase (p A. hypogaea plants fertilized with EM 20 g (2.15 ± 0.24 and 2.01 ± 0.23 t/ha) and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g (2.36 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.17 t/ha) was not significant. On the other hand, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between plants fertilized with IMO 10 g (2.65 ± 0.17 and 2.24 ± 0.2 t/ha) and plants fertilized with EM 20 g and plants fertilized with NPK 3.2 g for both varieties during the two years combined. In addition to being local and therefore adapted to environmental conditions, IMOs could be a promising biological means for improving soil fertility in Cameroon.
文摘In most agricultural areas in the semi-arid region of the southern United States, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a primary economic activity. This region is drought-prone and projected to have a drier climate in the future. Predicting the yield loss due to an anticipated drought is crucial for wheat growers. A reliable way for predicting the drought-induced yield loss is to use a plant physiology-based drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Since different wheat cultivars exhibit varying levels of sensitivity to water stress, the impact of drought could be different on the cultivars belonging to different drought sensitivity groups. The objective of this study was to develop the cultivar drought sensitivity (CDS) group-specific, ARID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss of winter wheat in the Llano Estacado region in the southern United States by accounting for the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. For the study, the historical (1947-2021) winter wheat grain yield and daily weather data of two locations in the region (Bushland, TX and Clovis, NM) were used. The logical values of the drought sensitivity parameters of the yield models, especially for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, indicated that the yield models reflected the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region satisfactorily. The reasonable values of the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.65 and 0.72), the Willmott Index (0.88 and 0.92), and the percentage error (23 and 22) for the moderately-sensitive and highly-sensitive CDS groups, respectively, indicated that the yield models for these groups performed reasonably well. These models could be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield losses and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity as influenced by cultivar genotype.
