Ten physical and environmental variables collected from an on-the-go soil sensor at two field sites (MF3E and MF11S) in Mississippi, USA, were analyzed to assess soil variability and the interrelationships among the m...Ten physical and environmental variables collected from an on-the-go soil sensor at two field sites (MF3E and MF11S) in Mississippi, USA, were analyzed to assess soil variability and the interrelationships among the measurements. At MF3E, moderate variability was observed in apparent electrical conductivity shallow (ECas), slope, and ECa ratio measurements, with coefficients of variation ranging from 20% to 27%. In contrast, MF11S exhibited higher variability, particularly in ECas and ECad (deep) measurements, which exceeded 30% in their coefficient of variation values, indicating significant differences in soil composition and moisture content. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the near-infrared-to-red ratio and red reflectance (r = 0.897***) soil values at MF3E. MF11S demonstrated a strong negative correlation between ECas and ECad readings with the x-coordinate (r ***). Scatter plots and fitted models illustrated the complexity of relationships, with many showing nonlinear trends. These findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and advanced modeling to understand the dynamic nature of soil properties and their implications for agricultural practices. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving variability in the soil characteristics to enhance soil management strategies at the study sites.展开更多
NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a nec...NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a necessary option for the detection of existing exhaust emission standards. At present, there is limited and scattered information on knowledge and test methods of NOx sensors, the research of NOx sensors has become a challenging research topic at home and abroad. Based on these requirements, the article systematically integrates the knowledge of principle and testing methods. First of all, through introducing functional description of NOx sensors and the basic principle of NOx sensors, the relevant scholars can have an overall understanding of the product and master the operation mode of products. Secondly, the current status of performance test bench and methods of NOx sensors were described, which can contribute to having a clear understanding of the development process. After that, a new structure of NOx sensors test bench was purposed, which contains six major units including standard gas source, gas mixing unit, analyzer measurement unit, sensor measurement unit, data processing and display unit, exhaust gas treatment unit. And the test bench was validated. The experimental results show that the test bench has the advantages of high-repeatability, high reliability and low cost. And it can realize automatic detection of multiple target values, which is worthy further promotion. Thereby, the article can contribute to the development of its technology indirectly.展开更多
复合绝缘子在长期辐照、盐雾、鸟啄等因素的综合作用下,会产生伞裙护套破损及表面湿污等缺陷,威胁电力系统正常运行。文中搭建了基于EHP-50F电场传感器的绝缘子空间电场测试平台,建立了FXBW4-35/70棒形悬式复合绝缘子的1∶1三维仿真模型...复合绝缘子在长期辐照、盐雾、鸟啄等因素的综合作用下,会产生伞裙护套破损及表面湿污等缺陷,威胁电力系统正常运行。文中搭建了基于EHP-50F电场传感器的绝缘子空间电场测试平台,建立了FXBW4-35/70棒形悬式复合绝缘子的1∶1三维仿真模型,从试验和仿真两个方面研究了复合绝缘子伞裙护套破损及其表面存在湿污时的空间电场分布特征。结果表明:伞裙破损位置处空间电场强度下降,当破损位于低压侧时变化最大,试验和仿真值分别下降了23.29%和22.23%;护套破损位置处空间电场强度上升,且测量距离越小空间电场强度变化越大,当测量距离为3 cm时提高了0.098 k V/cm;破损绝缘子上的湿污会进一步畸变其场强,随ρES的增加该畸变程度增加,当ρES=1.5 mg/cm^(2)时,试验和仿真值分别提高了25.83%和23.35%。研究绝缘子伞裙护套破损及表面湿污情况下的空间电场分布特征对绝缘子表面状态监测等具有重要意义。展开更多
文摘Ten physical and environmental variables collected from an on-the-go soil sensor at two field sites (MF3E and MF11S) in Mississippi, USA, were analyzed to assess soil variability and the interrelationships among the measurements. At MF3E, moderate variability was observed in apparent electrical conductivity shallow (ECas), slope, and ECa ratio measurements, with coefficients of variation ranging from 20% to 27%. In contrast, MF11S exhibited higher variability, particularly in ECas and ECad (deep) measurements, which exceeded 30% in their coefficient of variation values, indicating significant differences in soil composition and moisture content. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the near-infrared-to-red ratio and red reflectance (r = 0.897***) soil values at MF3E. MF11S demonstrated a strong negative correlation between ECas and ECad readings with the x-coordinate (r ***). Scatter plots and fitted models illustrated the complexity of relationships, with many showing nonlinear trends. These findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring and advanced modeling to understand the dynamic nature of soil properties and their implications for agricultural practices. Future research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving variability in the soil characteristics to enhance soil management strategies at the study sites.
文摘NOx sensors, as a core component of diesel engine exhaust treatment system, play an important role in exhaust emission control, which can accurately and quickly detect the NOx and O2 concentration. It has become a necessary option for the detection of existing exhaust emission standards. At present, there is limited and scattered information on knowledge and test methods of NOx sensors, the research of NOx sensors has become a challenging research topic at home and abroad. Based on these requirements, the article systematically integrates the knowledge of principle and testing methods. First of all, through introducing functional description of NOx sensors and the basic principle of NOx sensors, the relevant scholars can have an overall understanding of the product and master the operation mode of products. Secondly, the current status of performance test bench and methods of NOx sensors were described, which can contribute to having a clear understanding of the development process. After that, a new structure of NOx sensors test bench was purposed, which contains six major units including standard gas source, gas mixing unit, analyzer measurement unit, sensor measurement unit, data processing and display unit, exhaust gas treatment unit. And the test bench was validated. The experimental results show that the test bench has the advantages of high-repeatability, high reliability and low cost. And it can realize automatic detection of multiple target values, which is worthy further promotion. Thereby, the article can contribute to the development of its technology indirectly.
文摘复合绝缘子在长期辐照、盐雾、鸟啄等因素的综合作用下,会产生伞裙护套破损及表面湿污等缺陷,威胁电力系统正常运行。文中搭建了基于EHP-50F电场传感器的绝缘子空间电场测试平台,建立了FXBW4-35/70棒形悬式复合绝缘子的1∶1三维仿真模型,从试验和仿真两个方面研究了复合绝缘子伞裙护套破损及其表面存在湿污时的空间电场分布特征。结果表明:伞裙破损位置处空间电场强度下降,当破损位于低压侧时变化最大,试验和仿真值分别下降了23.29%和22.23%;护套破损位置处空间电场强度上升,且测量距离越小空间电场强度变化越大,当测量距离为3 cm时提高了0.098 k V/cm;破损绝缘子上的湿污会进一步畸变其场强,随ρES的增加该畸变程度增加,当ρES=1.5 mg/cm^(2)时,试验和仿真值分别提高了25.83%和23.35%。研究绝缘子伞裙护套破损及表面湿污情况下的空间电场分布特征对绝缘子表面状态监测等具有重要意义。
文摘随着自动驾驶的发展,多传感器融合得到广泛应用。CLOCs是基于后融合的3D目标检测网络,但它对遮蔽物体的检测性能较差。针对此问题,提出一种融合双目测距和门控循环单元(Gated Recurrent Unit,GRU)的3D目标检测网络,其在CLOCs网络融合3D和2D的交并比(Intersection over Union,IoU)的基础上,在2D目标检测网络中引入双目测距来关联2D和3D的深度信息,在卷积之后加入GRU网络,用来捕捉时序数据的依赖关系。采用kitti数据集进行验证,实验结果表明检测精度得到了提升。
