Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel...Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel traffic modelling framework for aggregate traffic on urban roads. The main idea is that road traffic flow is random, even for the recurrent flow, such as rush hour traffic, which is predisposed to congestion. Therefore, the structure of the aggregate traffic flow model for urban roads should correlate well with the essential variables of the observed random dynamics of the traffic flow phenomena. The novelty of this paper is the developed framework, based on the Poisson process, the kinematics of urban road traffic flow, and the intermediate modelling approach, which were combined to formulate the model. Empirical data from an urban road in Ghana was used to explore the model’s fidelity. The results show that the distribution from the model correlates well with that of the empirical traffic, providing a strong validation of the new framework and instilling confidence in its potential for significantly improved forecasts and, hence, a more hopeful outlook for real-world traffic management.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations of intraocular lens (IOL) opacity after cataract surgery through case reports, and to explore its pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment ideas, so as to provide a ba...Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations of intraocular lens (IOL) opacity after cataract surgery through case reports, and to explore its pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment ideas, so as to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and correct treatment of IOL opacity. Methods: The clinical data of one patient diagnosed with IOL opacity and underwent intraocular lens replacement in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities in December 2023 were reported. The characteristics of IOL opacity were observed, and the research progress and pathogenesis of IOL opacity were understood by consulting the literature. Results: This patient is the first case of IOL opacity in our hospital. The specific reason is unclear. It is considered to be related to the IOL material. Conclusion: Hydrophilic acrylic IOL is widely used in clinic because of its good histocompatibility. However, due to its hydrophilicity, there are more cases of IOL opacity than other types of IOL. At present, there is no unified conclusion on the etiology and mechanism of IOL opacity. IOL opacity can seriously affect vision and is easily misdiagnosed as a posterior cataract. We should fully disperse the large pupil and carefully observe under the slit lamp. The most effective treatment for this disease is IOL replacement.展开更多
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, an...Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.展开更多
Deep learning plays a vital role in real-life applications, for example object identification, human face recognition, speech recognition, biometrics identification, and short and long-term forecasting of data. The ma...Deep learning plays a vital role in real-life applications, for example object identification, human face recognition, speech recognition, biometrics identification, and short and long-term forecasting of data. The main objective of our work is to predict the market performance of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) on day closing price using different Deep Learning techniques. In this study, we have used the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network to forecast the data of DSE for the convenience of shareholders. We have enforced LSTM networks to train data as well as forecast the future time series that has differentiated with test data. We have computed the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value to scrutinize the error between the forecasted value and test data that diminished the error by updating the LSTM networks. As a consequence of the renovation of the network, the LSTM network provides tremendous performance which outperformed the existing works to predict stock market prices.展开更多
Changing contexts in a long-term and short-term perspective should be managed within an integrated risk management framework that accounts for both temporary management strategies and permanent preventive measures to ...Changing contexts in a long-term and short-term perspective should be managed within an integrated risk management framework that accounts for both temporary management strategies and permanent preventive measures to reduce the impact of natural hazard processes. In this study, statistical transformation indicators of short-term (20 year) to long-term (30 year) used flood regional coefficients. After the tests of data validation and the reconstruction of missing and outlier data, the data of 18 hydrometric stations were completed for 30 years (1985 to 2014). In the next phase, the return period values were prepared for 20-year and 30-year statistical periods (1985 to 2004 and 1985 to 2014) using the HYFA software. Thus the 20-year to 30-year ratio for various return period discharges obtained and these dimensionless values were plotted for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years, also fitted the logarithmic trend line and the values of coefficients of the relationship were obtained. The statistics including average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), skewness coefficient (CS) and Kurtosis coefficient (CK) were calculated for 20-year data period for each station and we identified the statistics as independent parameters and the coefficients of A and B as dependent parameter, thus analyzed using linear multivariate regression, and regional factors were obtained. In the hydrometric station with 17-027 code, the discharge using the regional factors was calculated and compared with the discharge values of 30 years data. The results showed that there is little difference between the observed and estimated values from regional factors thus this method can be used in projects that require at least 30 years of data.展开更多
Background: Efforts have been made in Burkina Faso, a French-speaking country, since 2010 to improve healthcare access and provide affordable contraceptive methods to women. With the increasing prevalence of modern co...Background: Efforts have been made in Burkina Faso, a French-speaking country, since 2010 to improve healthcare access and provide affordable contraceptive methods to women. With the increasing prevalence of modern contraceptives in Burkina Faso, it is important to examine the socio-demographic factors that contribute to this new pattern of contraceptive use. This study aims to analyze the changes in socio-demographic factors associated with long-term contraceptive use and provide scientific evidence to guide policy development and action planning in family planning. Data and Methods: We utilized data from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey, which included 17,087 women aged 15 - 49 years, and the 2015 Demographic and Health Module, which included 11,504 women in the same age group. For the analysis of contraceptive use, we focused on women who were in need of contraception (either met or unmet), of reproductive age, non-pregnant, and either married or sexually active but not married. We included users of modern reversible methods and excluded non-users, as well as users of traditional or permanent methods. Results: Our findings revealed a high prevalence of long-term contraceptive use across all categories;however, certain challenges were identified, such as lower levels of information about contraceptive methods among users and the persistence of inequalities. Family planning discussions and partner approval did not influence long-term contraceptive choice. Additionally, some providers selectively offered specific methods based on women’s life course characteristics, such as parity and marital status, despite evidence suggesting that young and nulliparous women can effectively use long-term methods. Conclusion: Given the high effectiveness of long-term contraceptive methods, it is crucial to address barriers that hinder their utilization among young and nulliparous women, as well as those who desire to delay pregnancy. Efforts should focus on improving knowledge and dispelling misconceptions surrounding long-term methods. Providers play a pivotal role in this process by adopting counseling strategies that enhance users’ understanding and facilitate informed decision-making regarding contraceptive options.展开更多
Background: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive case fatalities across the world, people have been left with significant physical and mental disabilities, which has had an adverse impact on thei...Background: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive case fatalities across the world, people have been left with significant physical and mental disabilities, which has had an adverse impact on their quality of life. The objective of this study is to measure the short-term and long-term outcomes among COVID-19 survivors. Methods: This is a six-month-long multicentre prospective observational study, carried out in four specialized hospitals in the capital city Dhaka, where six hundred participants were enrolled by non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected through three structured interviews, and follow-ups were done during discharge, at 1st month, and 6th month. An analytical study was done on demographic variables, socio-economic conditions, physical findings and outcomes. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 600 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 49.83. Many participants belong to the age range of 31 to 40 years. More than two-thirds (72.7%) of participants were male, whereas 27.30% were female. Most patients admitted had mild and moderate COVID-19 symptoms (40% and 58%, respectively). Among short-term COVID complications, it was found that 43.3% of the participants complained of fatigue, 32.6% of depression, 24.7% of sleep disturbance, 19% of anxiety and, 5% memory loss. In long-term COVID complications the number reduced significantly: 5% of the participants complained of fatigue, 10% of depression, 2.7% of sleep disturbance, 7.3% of anxiety and, 2.7% memory loss. The severity of lung parenchymal disease also reduced in long term COVID symptoms. The study found a statistically significant relationship between age groups and CT severity index (χ2 = 9.458, p = 0.032). Most patients (29.2%) in the under-30 age group had a CT Severity Index score of 2 & 3 (29.2%). The important CT Severity Index scores for individuals aged 30 to 60 years were 3 and 4, accounting for 37.7% and 33.3%, respectively. In the over-60 age group, 40.8% of patients showed a CT Severity Index score of 4, showing a range of 51% - 75%. Conclusion: This study found that fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbances are prevalent among COVID-19 survivors;however, these symptoms generally reduce over time. Lung problems improved;however, some patients suffered from persistent effects. Older patients, especially those with pre-existing conditions, suffer from more severe outcomes. These findings underscore the need for ongoing care for COVID-19 survivors.展开更多
Using the hourly precipitation records of meteorological stations in Shanghai, covering a period of almost a century （1916-2014）, the long-term variation of extreme heavy precipitation in Shanghai on multiple spatia...Using the hourly precipitation records of meteorological stations in Shanghai, covering a period of almost a century （1916-2014）, the long-term variation of extreme heavy precipitation in Shanghai on multiple spatial and temporal scales is analyzed, and the effects of urbanization on hourly rainstorms studied. Results show that： （1） Over the last century, extreme hourly precipitation events enhanced significantly. During the recent urbanization period from 1981 to 2014, the frequency of heavy precipitation increased significantly, with a distinct localized and abrupt characteristic. （2） The spatial distribution of long-term trends for the occurrence frequency and total precipitation intensity of hourly heavy precipitation in Shanghai shows a distinct urban rain-island feature; namely, heavy precipitation was increasingly focused in urban and suburban areas. Attribution analysis shows that urbanization in Shanghai contributed greatly to the increase in both frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events in the city, thus leading to an increasing total precipitation amount of heavy rainfall events. In addition, the diurnal variation of rainfall intensity also shows distinctive urban-rural differences, especially during late afternoon and early nighttime in the city area. （3） Regional warming, with subsequent enhancement of water vapor content, convergence of moisture flux and atmospheric instability, provided favorable physical backgrounds for the formation of extreme precipitation. This accounts for the consistent increase in hourly heavy precipitation over the whole Shanghai area during recent times.展开更多
AIM: To retrospectively analyze factors affecting the long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic resection.METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2011,195 patients underwent pancrea...AIM: To retrospectively analyze factors affecting the long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic resection.METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2011,195 patients underwent pancreatic resection in our hospital.The prognostic factors after pancreatic resection were analyzed in all 195 patients.After excluding the censored cases within an observational period,the clinicopathological characteristics of 20 patients who survived ≥ 5(n = 20) and < 5(n = 76) years were compared.For this comparison,we analyzed the patients who underwent surgery before June 2008 and were observed for more than 5 years.For statistical analyses,the log-rank test was used to compare the cumulative survival rates,and the χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the two groups.The CoxHazard model was used for a multivariate analysis,and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.A multivariate analysis was conducted on the factors that were significant in the univariate analysis.RESULTS: The median survival for all patients was 27.1 months,and the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 34.5%.The median observational period was 595 d.With the univariate analysis,the UICC stage was significantly associated with survival time,and the CA19-9 ≤ 200 U/m L,DUPAN-2 ≤ 180 U/m L,t u m o r s i ze ≤ 2 0 m m,R 0 re s e c t i o n,a b s e n c e o f lymph node metastasis,absence of extrapancreatic neural invasion,and absence of portal invasion were favorable prognostic factors.The multivariate analysis showed that tumor size ≤ 20 mm(HR = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.17-0.83,P = 0.012) and negative surgical margins(R0 resection)(HR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.30-0.77,P = 0.003) were independent favorable prognostic factors.Among the 96 patients,20 patients survived for 5 years or more,and 76 patients died within 5 years after operation.Comparison of the 20 5-year survivors with the 76 non-survivors showed that lower concentrations of DUPAN-2(79.5 vs 312.5 U/mL,P = 0.032),tumor size ≤ 20 mm(35% vs 8%,P = 0.008),R0 resection(95% vs 61%,P = 0.004),and absence of lymph nodemetastases(60% vs 18%,P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the 5-year survival.CONCLUSION: Negative surgical margins and a tumor size ≤ 20 mm were independent favorable prognostic factors.Histologically curative resection and early tumor detection are important factors in achieving long-term survival.展开更多
Long-term changes of phytoplankton community by water sampling method in Xiagu Sea waters of Xiamen,China,were investigated in this study.Species composition of the phytoplankton community in these waters changed grea...Long-term changes of phytoplankton community by water sampling method in Xiagu Sea waters of Xiamen,China,were investigated in this study.Species composition of the phytoplankton community in these waters changed greatly since the 1950s.The numbers of Dinophyta species increased significantly,although Bacillariophyta species are generally dominant.The succession of dominant species in phytoplankton community is obvious： large-size dominant species such as Biddulphia sinensis of the 1950s were gradually replaced by small-size ones such as Cyclotella striata and Nitzschia closterium,and species that still maintain dominant such as Skeletonema costatum are also small ones,leading the whole phytoplankton community of smaller size.Cell density of phytoplankton community increased greatly,among which cell density of the most dominant species Skeletonema costatum have been increasing in exponent function.Margalef index of phytoplankton community decreased,indicating decline of biodiversity of the community,and dominant character of Skeletonema costatum increased.Generally,the structure of the entire phytoplankton community is becoming more and more singular and unstable,which makes the occurrence of red tides more frequent.The succession in the phytoplankton community is related to the long-term changes in marine environment,influenced by human activities and global climate changes,especially the increases of nutrient content.展开更多
Soil physical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of long-term inputs of green manures on physical properties of a reddish paddy s...Soil physical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of long-term inputs of green manures on physical properties of a reddish paddy soil（Fe-Typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols） under a double cropping system.The common cropping pattern before the study was early-late rice-fallow（winter）.The field treatments included rice-rice-fallow（R-R-WF）,rice-rice-rape（R-R-RP）,rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch（RR-MV）,and rice-rice-ryegrass（R-R-RG）.The rape,Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass were all incorporated as green manures 15 d before early rice transplanting during the following year.The soil bulk density in all green manure treatments was significantly reduced compared with the winter fallow treatment.Soil porosity with green manure applications was significantly higher than that under the winter fallow.The green manure treatments had higher 0.25-5 mm water stable aggregates and aggregates stabilities in the plow layer（0-15 cm depth） compared with the fallow treatment.The mean weight diameter（MWD） and normalized mean weight diameter（NMWD） of aggregates in the green manure treatment were larger than that with the winter fallow.Soil given green manure retained both a higher water holding capacity in the plow layer soil,and a larger volume of moisture at all matric potentials（-10,-33 and-100 kPa）.We conclude that the management of double-rice fields in southern central China should be encouraged to use green manures along with chemical fertilizers to increase SOC content,improve soil physical properties and soil fertility.展开更多
Increasing K＋ adsorption can be an effective alternative in building an available K pool in soils to optimize crop recovery and minimize losses into the environment. We hypothesized that long-term fertilization might...Increasing K＋ adsorption can be an effective alternative in building an available K pool in soils to optimize crop recovery and minimize losses into the environment. We hypothesized that long-term fertilization might change K＋ adsorption because of changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of a rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The aims of this study were （i） to determine clay minerals in paddy soil clay size fractions using X-ray diffraction methods and a numerical diagramdecomposition method; （ii） to measure K＋ adsorption isotherms before and after H202 oxidation of organic matter, and （iii） to investigate whether K＋ adsorption is correlated with changes in soil chemical and mineral properties. The 30-yr longterm fertilization treatments caused little change in soil organic C （SOC） but a large variation in soil mineral composition. The whole-clay fraction （〈5 Jam） corresponded more to the fertilization treatment than the fine-clay fraction （〈1 gin） in terms of percentage of illite peak area. The total percentage of vermiculite-chlorite peak area was significantly negatively correlated with the total percentage ofillite peak area in the 〈5 lam soil particles （R=-0.946, P〈0.0006）. Different fertilization treatments gave significantly different results in K＋ adsorption. The SOC oxidation test showed positive effects of SOC on K＋ adsorption at lower K＋ concentration （≤120 mg L-0 and negative effects at higher K＋ concentration （240 mg L-l）. The K＋ adsorption by soil clay minerals after SOC oxidization accounted for 60-158% of that by unoxidized soils, suggesting a more important role of soil minerals than SOC on K＋ adsorption. The K＋ adsorption potential was significantly correlated to the amount of poorly crystallized illite present （R--0.879, P=0.012）. The availability of adsorbed K＋ for plant growth needs further study.展开更多
We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to exam...We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to examine the associations between maternal and perinatal characteristics and the risk of macrosomia.A nested case-control study was conducted to explore the long-term health consequence of infant macrosomia.The mean maternal age of the macrosomia group was 24.74±3.32 years,which is slightly older than that in the control group（24.35±3.14 years,P = 0.000）.The mean maternal body mass index（BMI） at early pregnancy was 22.75±2.81 kg/m 2,which was also higher than that in the control group（21.76±2.59 kg/m 2,P = 0.000）.About 64.6% of macrosomic neonates were males,compared with 51.0% in the control group（P = 0.000）.Compared with women with normal weight（BMI：18.5-23.9 kg/m 2）,women who were overweight（BMI：24-27.9 kg/m 2） or obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2）,respectively,had a 1.69-fold（P = 0.000） and a 1.49-fold（P = 0.000） increased risks of having a neonate with macrosomia,while light weight（BMI〈18.5 kg/m 2） women had an approximately 50% reduction of the risk.Furthermore,macrosomia infant had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk,respectively,of developing overweight or obesity at the age of 7 years（P = 0.001 and P = 0.000）.Older maternal age,higher maternal BMI at early pregnancy and male gender were independent risk factors of macrosomia.Macrosomic infant was associated with an increased predisposition to develop overweight or obesity at the beginning of their childhood.展开更多
Based on the research of juvenile (2, 3, 4 months) growth and survival of three populations of two different geographic areas in Chlamys farreri from Russian and China and their F1 hybrids derived from Chinese cultura...Based on the research of juvenile (2, 3, 4 months) growth and survival of three populations of two different geographic areas in Chlamys farreri from Russian and China and their F1 hybrids derived from Chinese cultural population (CC) (?) × Russian population (RW) (?) , Chinese wild population (CW) (?) × Russian population (RW) (?), Russian population (RW) (?) × Chinese wild population (CW) (?) , the study of the medium-term (6, 8, 10, 12 months) growth and development of Chlamys farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed different extent heterosis (3% -52%) for the growth in three types of F1 hybrids, and the offspring derived from CC(?) ×R(?) had a stronger heterosis among the crosses at the medium-term; the uptrend among traits are wet weight >shell width>shell length> shell height, Chinese cultural population could be recognized as excellent parent, and seasonal variations influence very much on the daily increment and growth rate of each trait of Chlamys farreri and it is only able to survive and could barely grow in winter (6-8 months), but grows fast in temperate season (10-12 months).展开更多
Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil ...Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. In this study, microbial biomass C and N contents （Cmic ＆ Nmic）, soil enzyme activities, and soil fertility with different fertilizer regimes were carried out based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus swine manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental swine manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. In different fertilization treatments Cmic changed from 96.49 to 500.12 mg kg^-1, and Nmic changed from 35.89 to 101.82 mg kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased Cmic ＆ Nmic, Cmic/Corg （organic C） ratios, Cmic/Nmic, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN）, and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. Meantime, long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （Cmic/Nmic, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. Cmic/Nmic was significantly correlated with SOM and STN contents. The correlation between catalase activity and soil nutrients was not significant. In addition, except of catalase activity, the soil pH in this experiment was negatively correlated with soil microbial properties. In conclusion, soil microbial properties reflect changes of soil quality and thus can be used as bio-indicators of soil health.展开更多
文摘Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel traffic modelling framework for aggregate traffic on urban roads. The main idea is that road traffic flow is random, even for the recurrent flow, such as rush hour traffic, which is predisposed to congestion. Therefore, the structure of the aggregate traffic flow model for urban roads should correlate well with the essential variables of the observed random dynamics of the traffic flow phenomena. The novelty of this paper is the developed framework, based on the Poisson process, the kinematics of urban road traffic flow, and the intermediate modelling approach, which were combined to formulate the model. Empirical data from an urban road in Ghana was used to explore the model’s fidelity. The results show that the distribution from the model correlates well with that of the empirical traffic, providing a strong validation of the new framework and instilling confidence in its potential for significantly improved forecasts and, hence, a more hopeful outlook for real-world traffic management.
文摘Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations of intraocular lens (IOL) opacity after cataract surgery through case reports, and to explore its pathogenesis and diagnosis and treatment ideas, so as to provide a basis for the early diagnosis and correct treatment of IOL opacity. Methods: The clinical data of one patient diagnosed with IOL opacity and underwent intraocular lens replacement in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities in December 2023 were reported. The characteristics of IOL opacity were observed, and the research progress and pathogenesis of IOL opacity were understood by consulting the literature. Results: This patient is the first case of IOL opacity in our hospital. The specific reason is unclear. It is considered to be related to the IOL material. Conclusion: Hydrophilic acrylic IOL is widely used in clinic because of its good histocompatibility. However, due to its hydrophilicity, there are more cases of IOL opacity than other types of IOL. At present, there is no unified conclusion on the etiology and mechanism of IOL opacity. IOL opacity can seriously affect vision and is easily misdiagnosed as a posterior cataract. We should fully disperse the large pupil and carefully observe under the slit lamp. The most effective treatment for this disease is IOL replacement.
文摘Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.
文摘Deep learning plays a vital role in real-life applications, for example object identification, human face recognition, speech recognition, biometrics identification, and short and long-term forecasting of data. The main objective of our work is to predict the market performance of the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) on day closing price using different Deep Learning techniques. In this study, we have used the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network to forecast the data of DSE for the convenience of shareholders. We have enforced LSTM networks to train data as well as forecast the future time series that has differentiated with test data. We have computed the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value to scrutinize the error between the forecasted value and test data that diminished the error by updating the LSTM networks. As a consequence of the renovation of the network, the LSTM network provides tremendous performance which outperformed the existing works to predict stock market prices.
文摘Changing contexts in a long-term and short-term perspective should be managed within an integrated risk management framework that accounts for both temporary management strategies and permanent preventive measures to reduce the impact of natural hazard processes. In this study, statistical transformation indicators of short-term (20 year) to long-term (30 year) used flood regional coefficients. After the tests of data validation and the reconstruction of missing and outlier data, the data of 18 hydrometric stations were completed for 30 years (1985 to 2014). In the next phase, the return period values were prepared for 20-year and 30-year statistical periods (1985 to 2004 and 1985 to 2014) using the HYFA software. Thus the 20-year to 30-year ratio for various return period discharges obtained and these dimensionless values were plotted for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years, also fitted the logarithmic trend line and the values of coefficients of the relationship were obtained. The statistics including average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), skewness coefficient (CS) and Kurtosis coefficient (CK) were calculated for 20-year data period for each station and we identified the statistics as independent parameters and the coefficients of A and B as dependent parameter, thus analyzed using linear multivariate regression, and regional factors were obtained. In the hydrometric station with 17-027 code, the discharge using the regional factors was calculated and compared with the discharge values of 30 years data. The results showed that there is little difference between the observed and estimated values from regional factors thus this method can be used in projects that require at least 30 years of data.
文摘Background: Efforts have been made in Burkina Faso, a French-speaking country, since 2010 to improve healthcare access and provide affordable contraceptive methods to women. With the increasing prevalence of modern contraceptives in Burkina Faso, it is important to examine the socio-demographic factors that contribute to this new pattern of contraceptive use. This study aims to analyze the changes in socio-demographic factors associated with long-term contraceptive use and provide scientific evidence to guide policy development and action planning in family planning. Data and Methods: We utilized data from the 2010 Demographic and Health Survey, which included 17,087 women aged 15 - 49 years, and the 2015 Demographic and Health Module, which included 11,504 women in the same age group. For the analysis of contraceptive use, we focused on women who were in need of contraception (either met or unmet), of reproductive age, non-pregnant, and either married or sexually active but not married. We included users of modern reversible methods and excluded non-users, as well as users of traditional or permanent methods. Results: Our findings revealed a high prevalence of long-term contraceptive use across all categories;however, certain challenges were identified, such as lower levels of information about contraceptive methods among users and the persistence of inequalities. Family planning discussions and partner approval did not influence long-term contraceptive choice. Additionally, some providers selectively offered specific methods based on women’s life course characteristics, such as parity and marital status, despite evidence suggesting that young and nulliparous women can effectively use long-term methods. Conclusion: Given the high effectiveness of long-term contraceptive methods, it is crucial to address barriers that hinder their utilization among young and nulliparous women, as well as those who desire to delay pregnancy. Efforts should focus on improving knowledge and dispelling misconceptions surrounding long-term methods. Providers play a pivotal role in this process by adopting counseling strategies that enhance users’ understanding and facilitate informed decision-making regarding contraceptive options.
文摘Background: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused massive case fatalities across the world, people have been left with significant physical and mental disabilities, which has had an adverse impact on their quality of life. The objective of this study is to measure the short-term and long-term outcomes among COVID-19 survivors. Methods: This is a six-month-long multicentre prospective observational study, carried out in four specialized hospitals in the capital city Dhaka, where six hundred participants were enrolled by non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected through three structured interviews, and follow-ups were done during discharge, at 1st month, and 6th month. An analytical study was done on demographic variables, socio-economic conditions, physical findings and outcomes. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total of 600 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 49.83. Many participants belong to the age range of 31 to 40 years. More than two-thirds (72.7%) of participants were male, whereas 27.30% were female. Most patients admitted had mild and moderate COVID-19 symptoms (40% and 58%, respectively). Among short-term COVID complications, it was found that 43.3% of the participants complained of fatigue, 32.6% of depression, 24.7% of sleep disturbance, 19% of anxiety and, 5% memory loss. In long-term COVID complications the number reduced significantly: 5% of the participants complained of fatigue, 10% of depression, 2.7% of sleep disturbance, 7.3% of anxiety and, 2.7% memory loss. The severity of lung parenchymal disease also reduced in long term COVID symptoms. The study found a statistically significant relationship between age groups and CT severity index (χ2 = 9.458, p = 0.032). Most patients (29.2%) in the under-30 age group had a CT Severity Index score of 2 & 3 (29.2%). The important CT Severity Index scores for individuals aged 30 to 60 years were 3 and 4, accounting for 37.7% and 33.3%, respectively. In the over-60 age group, 40.8% of patients showed a CT Severity Index score of 4, showing a range of 51% - 75%. Conclusion: This study found that fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbances are prevalent among COVID-19 survivors;however, these symptoms generally reduce over time. Lung problems improved;however, some patients suffered from persistent effects. Older patients, especially those with pre-existing conditions, suffer from more severe outcomes. These findings underscore the need for ongoing care for COVID-19 survivors.
基金jointly supported by the Major Consulting Projects of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(“Study on Strategies and Measures for the Prevention and Control of Urban Flood and Waterlogging Disasters in China”)the Public Welfare Industry(Meteorological)Research Projects(Grant Nos.GYHY201306065,GYHY201406001)a research project of the Shanghai Meteorological Bureau(Grant No.YJ201604)
文摘Using the hourly precipitation records of meteorological stations in Shanghai, covering a period of almost a century （1916-2014）, the long-term variation of extreme heavy precipitation in Shanghai on multiple spatial and temporal scales is analyzed, and the effects of urbanization on hourly rainstorms studied. Results show that： （1） Over the last century, extreme hourly precipitation events enhanced significantly. During the recent urbanization period from 1981 to 2014, the frequency of heavy precipitation increased significantly, with a distinct localized and abrupt characteristic. （2） The spatial distribution of long-term trends for the occurrence frequency and total precipitation intensity of hourly heavy precipitation in Shanghai shows a distinct urban rain-island feature; namely, heavy precipitation was increasingly focused in urban and suburban areas. Attribution analysis shows that urbanization in Shanghai contributed greatly to the increase in both frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events in the city, thus leading to an increasing total precipitation amount of heavy rainfall events. In addition, the diurnal variation of rainfall intensity also shows distinctive urban-rural differences, especially during late afternoon and early nighttime in the city area. （3） Regional warming, with subsequent enhancement of water vapor content, convergence of moisture flux and atmospheric instability, provided favorable physical backgrounds for the formation of extreme precipitation. This accounts for the consistent increase in hourly heavy precipitation over the whole Shanghai area during recent times.
文摘AIM: To retrospectively analyze factors affecting the long-term survival of patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatic resection.METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2011,195 patients underwent pancreatic resection in our hospital.The prognostic factors after pancreatic resection were analyzed in all 195 patients.After excluding the censored cases within an observational period,the clinicopathological characteristics of 20 patients who survived ≥ 5(n = 20) and < 5(n = 76) years were compared.For this comparison,we analyzed the patients who underwent surgery before June 2008 and were observed for more than 5 years.For statistical analyses,the log-rank test was used to compare the cumulative survival rates,and the χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the two groups.The CoxHazard model was used for a multivariate analysis,and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.A multivariate analysis was conducted on the factors that were significant in the univariate analysis.RESULTS: The median survival for all patients was 27.1 months,and the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 34.5%.The median observational period was 595 d.With the univariate analysis,the UICC stage was significantly associated with survival time,and the CA19-9 ≤ 200 U/m L,DUPAN-2 ≤ 180 U/m L,t u m o r s i ze ≤ 2 0 m m,R 0 re s e c t i o n,a b s e n c e o f lymph node metastasis,absence of extrapancreatic neural invasion,and absence of portal invasion were favorable prognostic factors.The multivariate analysis showed that tumor size ≤ 20 mm(HR = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.17-0.83,P = 0.012) and negative surgical margins(R0 resection)(HR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.30-0.77,P = 0.003) were independent favorable prognostic factors.Among the 96 patients,20 patients survived for 5 years or more,and 76 patients died within 5 years after operation.Comparison of the 20 5-year survivors with the 76 non-survivors showed that lower concentrations of DUPAN-2(79.5 vs 312.5 U/mL,P = 0.032),tumor size ≤ 20 mm(35% vs 8%,P = 0.008),R0 resection(95% vs 61%,P = 0.004),and absence of lymph nodemetastases(60% vs 18%,P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the 5-year survival.CONCLUSION: Negative surgical margins and a tumor size ≤ 20 mm were independent favorable prognostic factors.Histologically curative resection and early tumor detection are important factors in achieving long-term survival.
基金The Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration under contract Nos TIO 2007009 and TIO 2009007the River basin-Estuary ecological security assessment and Management strategy under contract No.200805064+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under contract No.2010J01260the "908" Project under contract No.908-02-02-01 special subjectthe Program of Chinese Marine Chemistry Investigation and Research under contract No.908-ZC-I-03the Special Fund of State Oceanic Administration under contract No.908-02-01-02the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) under contract Nos 2010CB428704 and 2005CB422305
文摘Long-term changes of phytoplankton community by water sampling method in Xiagu Sea waters of Xiamen,China,were investigated in this study.Species composition of the phytoplankton community in these waters changed greatly since the 1950s.The numbers of Dinophyta species increased significantly,although Bacillariophyta species are generally dominant.The succession of dominant species in phytoplankton community is obvious： large-size dominant species such as Biddulphia sinensis of the 1950s were gradually replaced by small-size ones such as Cyclotella striata and Nitzschia closterium,and species that still maintain dominant such as Skeletonema costatum are also small ones,leading the whole phytoplankton community of smaller size.Cell density of phytoplankton community increased greatly,among which cell density of the most dominant species Skeletonema costatum have been increasing in exponent function.Margalef index of phytoplankton community decreased,indicating decline of biodiversity of the community,and dominant character of Skeletonema costatum increased.Generally,the structure of the entire phytoplankton community is becoming more and more singular and unstable,which makes the occurrence of red tides more frequent.The succession in the phytoplankton community is related to the long-term changes in marine environment,influenced by human activities and global climate changes,especially the increases of nutrient content.
基金supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103005)Ministry of Agriculture,China and the International Plant Nutrition Institute(IPNI,Hunan-14)
文摘Soil physical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production.Our objective was to evaluate the effects of long-term inputs of green manures on physical properties of a reddish paddy soil（Fe-Typic Hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols） under a double cropping system.The common cropping pattern before the study was early-late rice-fallow（winter）.The field treatments included rice-rice-fallow（R-R-WF）,rice-rice-rape（R-R-RP）,rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch（RR-MV）,and rice-rice-ryegrass（R-R-RG）.The rape,Chinese milk vetch and ryegrass were all incorporated as green manures 15 d before early rice transplanting during the following year.The soil bulk density in all green manure treatments was significantly reduced compared with the winter fallow treatment.Soil porosity with green manure applications was significantly higher than that under the winter fallow.The green manure treatments had higher 0.25-5 mm water stable aggregates and aggregates stabilities in the plow layer（0-15 cm depth） compared with the fallow treatment.The mean weight diameter（MWD） and normalized mean weight diameter（NMWD） of aggregates in the green manure treatment were larger than that with the winter fallow.Soil given green manure retained both a higher water holding capacity in the plow layer soil,and a larger volume of moisture at all matric potentials（-10,-33 and-100 kPa）.We conclude that the management of double-rice fields in southern central China should be encouraged to use green manures along with chemical fertilizers to increase SOC content,improve soil physical properties and soil fertility.
基金funded by the the Public Service Sectors (Agriculture) Research Special Funds, China(201203013-06)supported in partial by the International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI ChinaProgram: Hunan-16)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year-Plan period(2012BAD05B05-3)
文摘Increasing K＋ adsorption can be an effective alternative in building an available K pool in soils to optimize crop recovery and minimize losses into the environment. We hypothesized that long-term fertilization might change K＋ adsorption because of changes in the chemical and mineralogical properties of a rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The aims of this study were （i） to determine clay minerals in paddy soil clay size fractions using X-ray diffraction methods and a numerical diagramdecomposition method; （ii） to measure K＋ adsorption isotherms before and after H202 oxidation of organic matter, and （iii） to investigate whether K＋ adsorption is correlated with changes in soil chemical and mineral properties. The 30-yr longterm fertilization treatments caused little change in soil organic C （SOC） but a large variation in soil mineral composition. The whole-clay fraction （〈5 Jam） corresponded more to the fertilization treatment than the fine-clay fraction （〈1 gin） in terms of percentage of illite peak area. The total percentage of vermiculite-chlorite peak area was significantly negatively correlated with the total percentage ofillite peak area in the 〈5 lam soil particles （R=-0.946, P〈0.0006）. Different fertilization treatments gave significantly different results in K＋ adsorption. The SOC oxidation test showed positive effects of SOC on K＋ adsorption at lower K＋ concentration （≤120 mg L-0 and negative effects at higher K＋ concentration （240 mg L-l）. The K＋ adsorption by soil clay minerals after SOC oxidization accounted for 60-158% of that by unoxidized soils, suggesting a more important role of soil minerals than SOC on K＋ adsorption. The K＋ adsorption potential was significantly correlated to the amount of poorly crystallized illite present （R--0.879, P=0.012）. The availability of adsorbed K＋ for plant growth needs further study.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangsu Birth Defects Intervention Program(No.JS200302)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2008501)
文摘We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to examine the associations between maternal and perinatal characteristics and the risk of macrosomia.A nested case-control study was conducted to explore the long-term health consequence of infant macrosomia.The mean maternal age of the macrosomia group was 24.74±3.32 years,which is slightly older than that in the control group（24.35±3.14 years,P = 0.000）.The mean maternal body mass index（BMI） at early pregnancy was 22.75±2.81 kg/m 2,which was also higher than that in the control group（21.76±2.59 kg/m 2,P = 0.000）.About 64.6% of macrosomic neonates were males,compared with 51.0% in the control group（P = 0.000）.Compared with women with normal weight（BMI：18.5-23.9 kg/m 2）,women who were overweight（BMI：24-27.9 kg/m 2） or obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2）,respectively,had a 1.69-fold（P = 0.000） and a 1.49-fold（P = 0.000） increased risks of having a neonate with macrosomia,while light weight（BMI〈18.5 kg/m 2） women had an approximately 50% reduction of the risk.Furthermore,macrosomia infant had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk,respectively,of developing overweight or obesity at the age of 7 years（P = 0.001 and P = 0.000）.Older maternal age,higher maternal BMI at early pregnancy and male gender were independent risk factors of macrosomia.Macrosomic infant was associated with an increased predisposition to develop overweight or obesity at the beginning of their childhood.
基金This study is contribution No. G199901209 of 973 from the Chinese Basic Research Project and Chinese Postdoctor Found
文摘Based on the research of juvenile (2, 3, 4 months) growth and survival of three populations of two different geographic areas in Chlamys farreri from Russian and China and their F1 hybrids derived from Chinese cultural population (CC) (?) × Russian population (RW) (?) , Chinese wild population (CW) (?) × Russian population (RW) (?), Russian population (RW) (?) × Chinese wild population (CW) (?) , the study of the medium-term (6, 8, 10, 12 months) growth and development of Chlamys farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed different extent heterosis (3% -52%) for the growth in three types of F1 hybrids, and the offspring derived from CC(?) ×R(?) had a stronger heterosis among the crosses at the medium-term; the uptrend among traits are wet weight >shell width>shell length> shell height, Chinese cultural population could be recognized as excellent parent, and seasonal variations influence very much on the daily increment and growth rate of each trait of Chlamys farreri and it is only able to survive and could barely grow in winter (6-8 months), but grows fast in temperate season (10-12 months).
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30471012)the 973 Priority Fund under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(2001CCB00800,2003CCB00300)+1 种基金the Special Fund for the Chinese State-Level Academy's Scientific Research(2007-37)the Fund for the Elitist of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS).
文摘Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, we studied the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. In this study, microbial biomass C and N contents （Cmic ＆ Nmic）, soil enzyme activities, and soil fertility with different fertilizer regimes were carried out based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus swine manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental swine manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. In different fertilization treatments Cmic changed from 96.49 to 500.12 mg kg^-1, and Nmic changed from 35.89 to 101.82 mg kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased Cmic ＆ Nmic, Cmic/Corg （organic C） ratios, Cmic/Nmic, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN）, and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. Meantime, long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.00 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （Cmic/Nmic, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. Cmic/Nmic was significantly correlated with SOM and STN contents. The correlation between catalase activity and soil nutrients was not significant. In addition, except of catalase activity, the soil pH in this experiment was negatively correlated with soil microbial properties. In conclusion, soil microbial properties reflect changes of soil quality and thus can be used as bio-indicators of soil health.
