Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission,much attention has been paid for the removal of CO_(2).Porous liquids(PLs),as new type of liquid materials,have obvious advantages in mass and heat...Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission,much attention has been paid for the removal of CO_(2).Porous liquids(PLs),as new type of liquid materials,have obvious advantages in mass and heat transfer,which are widely used in gas adsorption and sep-aration.Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with merits like large surface area,inherent porous structure and adjustable topology have been considered as one of the best candidates for PLs construction.This review presents the state-of-the-art status on the fabrication strategy of MOFs-based PLs and their CO_(2) absorption and utilization performance,and the positive effects of porosity and functional modification on the absorption-desorption property,selectivity of target product,and regeneration ability are well summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects for MOFs-based PLs in the optimization of preparation,the coupling of multiple removal techniques,the in situ characterization methods,the regeneration and cycle stability,the environmental impact as well as expansion of application are proposed.展开更多
The rising need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has led to increased interest in the use of advanced electrolytes consisting of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) and ionic liquids(ILs).These electrolyt...The rising need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has led to increased interest in the use of advanced electrolytes consisting of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) and ionic liquids(ILs).These electrolytes are appealing candidates for supercapacitors,next-generation lithium-ion batteries,and different energy storage systems because of their special features including non-flammability,low volatility,lowtoxicity,good electrochemical stability,and good thermal and chemical stability.This review explores the advantages of the proposed electrolytes by examining their potential to address the critical challenges in lithium battery technology,including safety concerns,energy density limitations,and operational stability.To achieve this,a comprehensive overview of the lithium salts commonly employed in rechargeable lithium battery electrolytes is presented.Moreover,key physicochemical and functional attributes of ILs and DESs,such as electrochemical stability,ionic conductivity,nonflammability,and viscosity are also discussed with a focus on how these features impact battery performance.The integration of lithium salts with ILs and DESs in modern lithium battery technologies,including lithium-ion(Li-ion) batteries,lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2)) batteries,and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries,are further examined in the study.Various electrochemical performance metrics including cycling stability,charge/discharge profiles,retention capacity and battery's couiombic efficiency(CE) are also analyzed for the above-mentioned systems.By summarizing recent advances and challenges,this review also highlights the potential of electrolytes consisting of DESs and ILs to enhance energy density,durability,and safety in future energy storage applications.Additionally future research directions,including the molecular optimization of ILs and DESs,optimizing lithium salt compositions,and developing scalable synthesis methods to accelerate their practical implementation in next-generation energy storage applications are also explored.展开更多
Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-...Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.展开更多
A series of multi-hydroxyl bis-(quaternary ammonium)ionic liquids(Ils1‒7)was prepared as bifunctional catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO_(2).All these ionic liquid compounds were efficient for the catalytic syn...A series of multi-hydroxyl bis-(quaternary ammonium)ionic liquids(Ils1‒7)was prepared as bifunctional catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO_(2).All these ionic liquid compounds were efficient for the catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones via the cycloaddition reactions between CO_(2) and epoxides or aziridines with excellent yield and high selectivity in the absence of co-catalyst,metal and solvent.Due to the synergistic effects of hydroxyl groups and halogen anion,the cycloaddition reactions proceeded smoothly either at atmospheric pressure or room temperature.The selectivity for substituted oxazolidinones at 5-and 4-positions can be tuned via changing the reaction conditions.Finally,possible mechanisms including the activation of both CO_(2) and epoxide or aziridines were proposed based on the literatures and experimental results.展开更多
Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapi...Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.展开更多
The two-dimensional kagome lattice serves as a prototypical platform for exploring quantum spin liquids owing to its pronounced geometric frustration.Substantial advancements have been achieved in herbertsmithite and ...The two-dimensional kagome lattice serves as a prototypical platform for exploring quantum spin liquids owing to its pronounced geometric frustration.Substantial advancements have been achieved in herbertsmithite and its structural analogs.These quantum spin liquid candidates exhibit large superexchange interactions yet resist magnetic ordering down to the lowest measurable temperatures,which are typically three or four orders of magnitude below the energy scale of the primary exchange energies.Nevertheless,the existence of unavoidable intrinsic interlayer magnetic impurities leads to persistent debates on their ground states.A breakthrough emerged with the discovery of YCu_(3)(OH)_(6+x)X_(3-x)(X=Cl,Br),a novel material family rigorously verifed to eliminate magnetic impurity interference.This short review highlights critical advances in these materials,emphasizing experimental signatures consistent with a Dirac quantum spin liquid and the observation of a oneninth magnetization plateau and possible quantum oscillations.Local structural characteristics play a crucial role in clarifying the complex emergent quantum phenomena of these materials.Collectively,these fndings establish this material class as a promising platform for investigating quantum spin liquid behavior in two-dimensional kagome lattices.展开更多
The theoretical challenges in understanding the nature of glass and glass transition raise significant questions in statistical and condensed matter physics.As a prototypical example of complex physical systems,glasse...The theoretical challenges in understanding the nature of glass and glass transition raise significant questions in statistical and condensed matter physics.As a prototypical example of complex physical systems,glasses and the vitrification process have been central research topics,consistently attracting broad scientific interest.This focus has driven extensive studies on phenomena such as aging,non-exponential relaxation,dynamic anomalies,glass-forming ability,and the mechanical response of glasses under stress.Recent advances in computational and experimental techniques have enabled rigorous testing of theoretical models,shedding new light on glass behavior.However,the intrinsic complexity of glass and the glass transition that lies in their physics,which spans multiple length and time scales,makes the system challenging to characterize.In this review,we emphasize the need to move beyond conventional approaches and propose a topological perspective as a promising alternative to address these challenges.Specifically,our findings reveal that the diversity in particle relaxation behavior is statistically linked to a global topological feature of the transient network structures formed by the particles in a given liquid.This direction offers opportunities to uncover novel phenomena that could fundamentally reshape our understanding of glassy materials.展开更多
A Luttinger liquid is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons in one-dimensional(1D)conductors.While individual 1D conductors have shown interesting Luttinger-liquid behaviors such as spin-charge separati...A Luttinger liquid is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons in one-dimensional(1D)conductors.While individual 1D conductors have shown interesting Luttinger-liquid behaviors such as spin-charge separation and power-law spectral density,the more interesting phenomena predicted in coupled Luttinger liquids of neighboring 1D conductors have been rarely observed due to the difficulty in creating such structures.Recently,we have successfully grown close-packed carbon nanotube(CNT)arrays with uniform chirality,providing an ideal material system for studying the coupled Luttinger liquids.Here,we report on the observation of tunable hyperbolic plasmons in the coupled Luttinger liquids of CNT arrays using scanning near-field optical microscopy.These hyperbolic plasmons,resulting from the conductivity anisotropy in the CNT array,exhibit strong spatial confinement,in situ tunability,and a wide spectral range.Despite their hyperbolic wavefronts,the plasmon propagation in the axial direction still adheres to the Luttinger-liquid theory.Our work not only demonstrates a fascinating phenomenon in coupled Luttinger liquids for fundamental physics exploration,but also provides a highly confined and in situ tunable hyperbolic plasmon in close-packed CNT arrays for future nanophotonic devices and circuits.展开更多
LDACs(liquid desiccant air-conditioners)with heat pump can perform cooling dehumidification or heating humidification,and have high energy-saving and sterilization performance.Therefore,they are installed in hospitals...LDACs(liquid desiccant air-conditioners)with heat pump can perform cooling dehumidification or heating humidification,and have high energy-saving and sterilization performance.Therefore,they are installed in hospitals,nursing homes,and food factories,where humidity control is required.However,LiCl(lithium chloride),a conventional humidity control liquid,is highly corrosive to metals,requiring the use of highly corrosion-resistant materials for the pipes and the heat exchangers.These lead to the problem that the manufacturing cost of the air conditioner increases.Therefore,we developed an inexpensive and compact LDAC by adopting a novel IL(ionic liquid)that does not corrode the metals commonly used in air conditioners.In this study,we evaluated the metal solubilities and sterilizing properties of the IL.Based on the physical properties of the IL,the humidity control module was improved for the purpose of downsizing and cost reduction of the unit.Moreover,we conducted a performance evaluation of the LDAC in the environmental test room under the condition in which temperature and humidity change rapidly in short period of time to simulate the condition of sudden showers of rain in summer.Test results showed that processed air was supplied at very stable level.展开更多
On approaching the glass transition,the structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids slows down drastically,along with a significant growth of dynamic heterogeneity.Recent studies have achieved substantial advanceme...On approaching the glass transition,the structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids slows down drastically,along with a significant growth of dynamic heterogeneity.Recent studies have achieved substantial advancements in elucidating the quantitative correlations between structural relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity.Here,we present the discovery of a novel dynamic crossover with possibly universal dynamic signatures by investigating the relationship between structural relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity.Specifically,the structural relaxation time at the dynamic crossoverτ_(c)is equal to the time scale for the maximum non-Gaussian parameter,which could serve as a quantitative characterization of dynamic heterogeneity.The degree of dynamic heterogeneity at the crossover is approximately equivalent across all investigated glass-forming liquids,leading to a scaling collapse between structural relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity.Moreover,the mean squared displacement at the structural relaxation time is nearly constant across different temperatures as long as the structural relaxation time does not exceedτ_(c).We further observe that the temperature at the dynamic crossover is lower than the onset temperature of slow dynamics.Our findings thus suggest the existence of a novel dynamic crossover with possibly universal dynamic signatures in glass-forming liquids,which merits in-depth investigations.展开更多
The photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT)process has been extensively investigated,however,the recovery of photocatalysts has remained a persistent challenge in the field.In light of this issue,a novel ap...The photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT)process has been extensively investigated,however,the recovery of photocatalysts has remained a persistent challenge in the field.In light of this issue,a novel approach involving the development of iron-based ionic liquids as photocatalysts has been pursued for the first time,with the goal of simultaneously facilitating the LMCT process and addressing the issue of photocatalyst recovery.Remarkably,the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(C_(4)mim-Fe Cl_(4))demonstrates exceptional recyclability and stability for the photocatalytic hydroacylation of olefins.This study will pave the way for new approaches to photocatalytic organic synthesis using ionic liquids as recyclable photocatalysts.展开更多
A novel composite material,Poly(IL-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),combining metal-organic framework,polymeric ionic liquid and acrylic acid,was synthesized for the selective and efficient adsorption of rare earths europium(Ⅲ)(Eu3+)...A novel composite material,Poly(IL-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),combining metal-organic framework,polymeric ionic liquid and acrylic acid,was synthesized for the selective and efficient adsorption of rare earths europium(Ⅲ)(Eu3+).Characterization of the materials was carried out using techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET).The results demonstrate successful incorporation of the polymeric ionic liquid onto the material surface while preserving the crystal structure and mo rphology of MIL-101(Cr).Adsorption experiments were conducted to explore parameters including equilibrium pH,initial Eu3+concentration,and duration,with comprehensive analyses of adsorption kinetics,isotherms,and mechanisms.Findings reveal that Poly(IL1-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),Poly(IL3-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),and Poly(IL5-AA)@MIL-101(Cr)achieve adsorption equilibrium for Eu3+at approximately 9 h with an equilibrium pH of 6.2.The adso rption of Eu^(3+)predominantly follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.Moreover,the prepared composite material exhibits superior adsorption selectivity for Eu^(3+)over other metal ions in the mixture(K^(+),Mg^(2+),Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),Zn^(2+),La^(3+),and Nd^(3+)).Even after five adsorption-desorption cycles,the composite material maintains satis factory adsorption performance.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)is a promising approach to convert CO_(2)to high-valued chemicals and fuels.However,developing efficient electrocatalysts featuring desirable activity and selectivity is still a big ...Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)is a promising approach to convert CO_(2)to high-valued chemicals and fuels.However,developing efficient electrocatalysts featuring desirable activity and selectivity is still a big challenge.In this work,a strategy of introducing functionalized molecules with desirable CO_(2)affinity to regulate Ag catalyst for promoting electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)was proposed.Specifically,3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole was introduced onto the Ag nanoparticle(Ag-m-Triz)for the first time to achieve selectively converting CO_(2)to carbon monoxide(CO).This Ag-m-Triz exhibits excellent performance for CO_(2)reduction with a high CO Faradaic efficiency(FECO)of 99.2%and CO partial current density of 85.0 mA cm^(-2)at-2.3 V vs.Ag/Ag^(+) in H-cell when combined with the ionic liquid-based electrolyte,30 wt%1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Bmim][PF6])-65 wt%acetonitrile(AcN)-5 wt%H2O,which is 2.5-fold higher than the current density in Ag-powder under the same condition.Mechanism studies confirm that the significantly improved performance of Ag-m-Triz originates from(i)the stronger adsorption ability of CO_(2)molecule and(ii)the weaker binding energy to form the COOH*intermediate on the surface of Ag-m-Triz compared with the Ag-powder catalyst,which boosts the conversion of CO_(2)to CO.This research provides a facile way to regulate electrocatalysts for efficient CO_(2)reduction by introducing functionalized molecules.展开更多
The composite membrane of microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)was effectively synthesized using ionic liquids(ILs)as the solvent and dimethyl sulfone(DMSO)as the co-solvent through the phase conv...The composite membrane of microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)was effectively synthesized using ionic liquids(ILs)as the solvent and dimethyl sulfone(DMSO)as the co-solvent through the phase conversion method.The effects of IL structure and the IL/DMSO mass ratio on the solubility of MCC were investigated.The findings indicated that the composite solvent functioned as a non-derivative solvent for MCC dissolution.The inclusion of DMSO decreased the viscosity of ILs and enhanced the rate of MCC dissolution.The solubility of MCC reached 14.5%(mass)when the mass ratio of[Bmim]Cl to DMSO was 1:1.The fabricated MCC membrane exhibited a smooth surface and a dense structure.PVA@MCC demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties and a uniform structure at a mass ratio of 2:1,with an elongation at break of 76%and a tensile strength of 14.6 MPa.The effects of antibacterial agents on the morphology,transmittance,mechanical properties,and antibacterial efficiency of PVA@MCC were investigated.The findings revealed that PVA@MCC fortified with clove oil showcased a flat and smooth surface,devoid of stratification or aggregation,and demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to its counterparts with chitosan and ZnO additions.The elongation at break of PVA@MCC with clove oil increased to 137.6%,while its tensile strength decreased to 10.4 MPa.PVA@MCC with clove oil exhibited an antibacterial efficiency exceeding 68%against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,thereby extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes by an additional four days at ambient temperature.展开更多
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvents have attracted dramatic attention recently due to their highly tunable properties. However, traditional experimental screening methods are ineffi...Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvents have attracted dramatic attention recently due to their highly tunable properties. However, traditional experimental screening methods are inefficient and resource-intensive. The article provides a comprehensive overview of various ML algorithms, including artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting trees (GBT), etc., which have demonstrated exceptional performance in handling complex and high-dimensional data. Furthermore, the integration of ML with quantum chemical calculations and conductor-like screening model-real solvent (COSMO-RS) has significantly enhanced predictive accuracy, enabling the rapid screening and design of novel solvents. Besides, recent ML applications in the prediction and design of ILs and DESs focused on solubility, melting point, electrical conductivity, and other physicochemical properties become more and more. This paper emphasizes the potential of ML in solvent design, overviewing an efficient approach to accelerate the development of sustainable and high-performance materials, providing guidance for their widespread application in a variety of industrial processes.展开更多
Artificial sensory systems(ASS)are pivotal to next-generation extended reality technologies,now evolving into flexible platforms for comfortable wear and immersive user experiences,while ensuring high performance and ...Artificial sensory systems(ASS)are pivotal to next-generation extended reality technologies,now evolving into flexible platforms for comfortable wear and immersive user experiences,while ensuring high performance and operational reliability.To address these demands,metal-based nanoparticles(NPs),such as noble metal,oxide,and multi-elemental NPs,have been extensively incorporated into functional materials of sensory and synaptic devices due to their tunable optical,electrical,and chemical properties,enhancing sensory precision,stability,and environmental adaptability.However,traditional NP fabrication methods often involve complex processing,residual contaminants,and scalability issues,limiting their effectiveness in ASS applications.State-of-the-art laser ablation in liquids(LAL)presents a promising alternative,offering scalable production of surfactant-free NPs with customizable physicochemical properties,though their application in electronics remains underexplored.This review delves into the transformative potential of LAL-fabricated NPs in ASS,covering the fundamental mechanisms of LAL,the role of process parameters,the derivative strategies for size modulation,the diversity of metal-based NPs,their applications in sensory and synaptic devices,and the challenges and perspectives for meeting industrial standards.Bridging the gap between LAL and ASS is poised to revolutionize both industrial manufacturing and academic research by offering scalable solutions to overcome intrinsic tradeoffs between flexibility and performance,fostering innovations in human-centric,immersive electronics.展开更多
The recovery of ionic liquids(ILs)has attracted growing attention as an indispensable process in“green”industrial applications.Forward osmosis(FO)has proven to be a sustainable method for concentrating the very dilu...The recovery of ionic liquids(ILs)has attracted growing attention as an indispensable process in“green”industrial applications.Forward osmosis(FO)has proven to be a sustainable method for concentrating the very dilute aqueous solutions of ILs at ambient temperature,in which semi-permeable membranes play a vital role in determining the recovery efficiency.Herein,we use interfacial polymerization method to prepare thin-film composite membranes consisting of polyamide skin layer and electrospun nanofibrous substrate with tunable water permeability and IL selectivity for osmotic enrichment of imidazolium ILs from their dilute aqueous solutions through FO process.The resulting FO membrane shows a compact polyamide layer with a thickness of 30-200 nm,guranteeing a high selectivity to ILs and water.Meanwhile,the nanofibrous substrate with large and interconnect pores as well as low tortuosity,providing mechanical and permeable support for the composite membranes.IL structure influences the osmotic pressure difference as well as the interactions with polyamide layer of the membrane and thus determines the whole concentration process.First,the alkyl chain growth augments the osmosis pressure difference between the ILs solution and draw solution,resulting in an enhancement in driving force of water osmosis and IL enrichment.Moreover,alkyl length aggravates external concentration polarization caused by the enhanced adsorption of ILs onto the skin layer via electrostatic and alkyl-πinteractions.Meanwhile,such adsorbed ILs further enhance the IL retention but decrease the reverse salt diffusion.Therefore,imidazolium ILs with varied alkyl lengths are ultimately enriched with a 100-fold increase in concentration from their dilute aqueous solutions with high IL/NaCl rejection and low IL loss.Remarkably,the final concentration of IL with longest alkyl length reaches the highest(6.4 mol·L^(-1)).This work provides the insights in respect to material preparation and process amelioration for IL recovery with high scalability at mild conditions.展开更多
Direct coal liquefaction products offer a considerable quantity of cycloalkanes, which are the valuable candidates for making the high energy density fuels. The creation of such fuels depends on designing molecular st...Direct coal liquefaction products offer a considerable quantity of cycloalkanes, which are the valuable candidates for making the high energy density fuels. The creation of such fuels depends on designing molecular structures and calculating their properties, which can be expedited with computer-aided techniques. In this study, a dataset containing 367 fuel molecules was constructed based on the analysis of direct coal liquefied oil. Three convolutional neural network property prediction models have been created based on molecular structure-physical and chemical property data from the library. All the models have good fitting ability with R2 values above 0.97. Then, a variational autoencoder generation model has been established using the molecular structures from the library, focusing on the structure of saturated cycloalkanes. The structure-property prediction model was then applied to the newly generated molecules, assessing their density, volumetric calorific value, and melting point. As a result, 70000 novel molecular structures were generated, and 25 molecular structures meeting the criteria for high energy density fuels were identified. The established variational autoencoder model in this study effectively assimilates the structural information from the sample set and autonomously generates novel high energy density fuels, which is difficult to achieve in traditional experimental methods.展开更多
Equations(2)and(6)and the corresponding discussion in the paper[Chin.Phys.Lett.42,056301(2025)]have been corrected.These modiffcations do not affect the results derived in the paper.
In the process of spraying coating perovskite films,the"coffee ring"effect(CRE)leads to the problem of excessive organic ammonium salt accumulation in local areas that cannot be completely eliminated.We intr...In the process of spraying coating perovskite films,the"coffee ring"effect(CRE)leads to the problem of excessive organic ammonium salt accumulation in local areas that cannot be completely eliminated.We introduce an in-situ targeted defect-healing strategy by incorporating butylamine formate(BAFa)ionic liquid into the spray ink.Ionic liquids,due to their long carbon chain structure,tend to target flow towards the CRE region during the droplet evaporation process.The coordination between the lone pair electrons in the C=O group of BAFa and Pb^(2+)effectively reduces defects in perovskite and suppresses non-radiative recombination losses.Simultaneously,amine ligands,which are repelled to the film surface and grain boundaries,form a thin insulating monolayer in the CRE areas,forcing charge carriers to transport through areas of the perovskite with fewer defects.This approach enables the crystallization control and defect-heal over the Cs_(0.19)FA_(0.81)PbI_(3-x-y)Br_(x)Cl_(y)perovskite films.Consequently,the champion perovskite solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 22.04%,while mini-modules with an effective area of 64.8 cm^(2)reached a peak power conversion efficiency of 18.35%,demonstrating the significant potential for commercializing large-area perovskite solar cells.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(22106007 and U23A20120)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8244060)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730143)R&D Program of BeijingMunicipal Education Commission(KZ202210005011)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021208033).
文摘Due to the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emission,much attention has been paid for the removal of CO_(2).Porous liquids(PLs),as new type of liquid materials,have obvious advantages in mass and heat transfer,which are widely used in gas adsorption and sep-aration.Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with merits like large surface area,inherent porous structure and adjustable topology have been considered as one of the best candidates for PLs construction.This review presents the state-of-the-art status on the fabrication strategy of MOFs-based PLs and their CO_(2) absorption and utilization performance,and the positive effects of porosity and functional modification on the absorption-desorption property,selectivity of target product,and regeneration ability are well summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects for MOFs-based PLs in the optimization of preparation,the coupling of multiple removal techniques,the in situ characterization methods,the regeneration and cycle stability,the environmental impact as well as expansion of application are proposed.
文摘The rising need for efficient and sustainable energy storage systems has led to increased interest in the use of advanced electrolytes consisting of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) and ionic liquids(ILs).These electrolytes are appealing candidates for supercapacitors,next-generation lithium-ion batteries,and different energy storage systems because of their special features including non-flammability,low volatility,lowtoxicity,good electrochemical stability,and good thermal and chemical stability.This review explores the advantages of the proposed electrolytes by examining their potential to address the critical challenges in lithium battery technology,including safety concerns,energy density limitations,and operational stability.To achieve this,a comprehensive overview of the lithium salts commonly employed in rechargeable lithium battery electrolytes is presented.Moreover,key physicochemical and functional attributes of ILs and DESs,such as electrochemical stability,ionic conductivity,nonflammability,and viscosity are also discussed with a focus on how these features impact battery performance.The integration of lithium salts with ILs and DESs in modern lithium battery technologies,including lithium-ion(Li-ion) batteries,lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2)) batteries,and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries,are further examined in the study.Various electrochemical performance metrics including cycling stability,charge/discharge profiles,retention capacity and battery's couiombic efficiency(CE) are also analyzed for the above-mentioned systems.By summarizing recent advances and challenges,this review also highlights the potential of electrolytes consisting of DESs and ILs to enhance energy density,durability,and safety in future energy storage applications.Additionally future research directions,including the molecular optimization of ILs and DESs,optimizing lithium salt compositions,and developing scalable synthesis methods to accelerate their practical implementation in next-generation energy storage applications are also explored.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22308145, 22208140, 22178159, 22078145)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230791)Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX24_0165)。
文摘Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.
文摘A series of multi-hydroxyl bis-(quaternary ammonium)ionic liquids(Ils1‒7)was prepared as bifunctional catalysts for the chemical fixation of CO_(2).All these ionic liquid compounds were efficient for the catalytic synthesis of cyclic carbonates and oxazolidinones via the cycloaddition reactions between CO_(2) and epoxides or aziridines with excellent yield and high selectivity in the absence of co-catalyst,metal and solvent.Due to the synergistic effects of hydroxyl groups and halogen anion,the cycloaddition reactions proceeded smoothly either at atmospheric pressure or room temperature.The selectivity for substituted oxazolidinones at 5-and 4-positions can be tuned via changing the reaction conditions.Finally,possible mechanisms including the activation of both CO_(2) and epoxide or aziridines were proposed based on the literatures and experimental results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52025132,U24A20205,52303373,21621091,22021001,and 22121001)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M763174)+2 种基金the 111 Project(Nos.B17027,B16029)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the Xplorer Prize。
文摘Controllable liquid manipulation is of paramount scientific and technological importance in various fields,such as the chemical industry,biomedicine,and agricultural production.Magnetic actuation,characterized by rapid,contactless,and environmentally benign operation,has emerged as a promising approach for precise liquid control.However,conventional magnetic strategies typically govern droplet movement on open surfaces,facing limitations such as restricted liquid volumes,uncertain flow paths,and inevitable evaporation,thereby constraining their broader practical applications.Recently,a variety of magneticdriven strategies have been developed to dynamically regulate liquids within enclosed spaces,especially through physicochemical mechanisms.These approaches provide efficient control over liquid behavior by leveraging magnetically induced chemical changes,structural deformations,and dragging motions,opening new opportunities for flexible and versatile fluid management.This review explores the design and mechanisms of magneto-responsive confined interfaces for the manipulation of nonmagnetic liquids,highlighting key advancements and potential applications including liquid valves,liquid mixing,liquid flow regulation,and liquid pumping.Finally,the existing challenges and future prospects in this field are presented.
文摘The two-dimensional kagome lattice serves as a prototypical platform for exploring quantum spin liquids owing to its pronounced geometric frustration.Substantial advancements have been achieved in herbertsmithite and its structural analogs.These quantum spin liquid candidates exhibit large superexchange interactions yet resist magnetic ordering down to the lowest measurable temperatures,which are typically three or four orders of magnitude below the energy scale of the primary exchange energies.Nevertheless,the existence of unavoidable intrinsic interlayer magnetic impurities leads to persistent debates on their ground states.A breakthrough emerged with the discovery of YCu_(3)(OH)_(6+x)X_(3-x)(X=Cl,Br),a novel material family rigorously verifed to eliminate magnetic impurity interference.This short review highlights critical advances in these materials,emphasizing experimental signatures consistent with a Dirac quantum spin liquid and the observation of a oneninth magnetization plateau and possible quantum oscillations.Local structural characteristics play a crucial role in clarifying the complex emergent quantum phenomena of these materials.Collectively,these fndings establish this material class as a promising platform for investigating quantum spin liquid behavior in two-dimensional kagome lattices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474184,52031016,11804027)。
文摘The theoretical challenges in understanding the nature of glass and glass transition raise significant questions in statistical and condensed matter physics.As a prototypical example of complex physical systems,glasses and the vitrification process have been central research topics,consistently attracting broad scientific interest.This focus has driven extensive studies on phenomena such as aging,non-exponential relaxation,dynamic anomalies,glass-forming ability,and the mechanical response of glasses under stress.Recent advances in computational and experimental techniques have enabled rigorous testing of theoretical models,shedding new light on glass behavior.However,the intrinsic complexity of glass and the glass transition that lies in their physics,which spans multiple length and time scales,makes the system challenging to characterize.In this review,we emphasize the need to move beyond conventional approaches and propose a topological perspective as a promising alternative to address these challenges.Specifically,our findings reveal that the diversity in particle relaxation behavior is statistically linked to a global topological feature of the transient network structures formed by the particles in a given liquid.This direction offers opportunities to uncover novel phenomena that could fundamentally reshape our understanding of glassy materials.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1202902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374292 and 12074244)B.L.acknowledges support from the Development Scholarship for Outstanding Ph.D.of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.J.K.acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(Grant No.NRF-RS-2024-00454528).
文摘A Luttinger liquid is a theoretical model describing interacting electrons in one-dimensional(1D)conductors.While individual 1D conductors have shown interesting Luttinger-liquid behaviors such as spin-charge separation and power-law spectral density,the more interesting phenomena predicted in coupled Luttinger liquids of neighboring 1D conductors have been rarely observed due to the difficulty in creating such structures.Recently,we have successfully grown close-packed carbon nanotube(CNT)arrays with uniform chirality,providing an ideal material system for studying the coupled Luttinger liquids.Here,we report on the observation of tunable hyperbolic plasmons in the coupled Luttinger liquids of CNT arrays using scanning near-field optical microscopy.These hyperbolic plasmons,resulting from the conductivity anisotropy in the CNT array,exhibit strong spatial confinement,in situ tunability,and a wide spectral range.Despite their hyperbolic wavefronts,the plasmon propagation in the axial direction still adheres to the Luttinger-liquid theory.Our work not only demonstrates a fascinating phenomenon in coupled Luttinger liquids for fundamental physics exploration,but also provides a highly confined and in situ tunable hyperbolic plasmon in close-packed CNT arrays for future nanophotonic devices and circuits.
文摘LDACs(liquid desiccant air-conditioners)with heat pump can perform cooling dehumidification or heating humidification,and have high energy-saving and sterilization performance.Therefore,they are installed in hospitals,nursing homes,and food factories,where humidity control is required.However,LiCl(lithium chloride),a conventional humidity control liquid,is highly corrosive to metals,requiring the use of highly corrosion-resistant materials for the pipes and the heat exchangers.These lead to the problem that the manufacturing cost of the air conditioner increases.Therefore,we developed an inexpensive and compact LDAC by adopting a novel IL(ionic liquid)that does not corrode the metals commonly used in air conditioners.In this study,we evaluated the metal solubilities and sterilizing properties of the IL.Based on the physical properties of the IL,the humidity control module was improved for the purpose of downsizing and cost reduction of the unit.Moreover,we conducted a performance evaluation of the LDAC in the environmental test room under the condition in which temperature and humidity change rapidly in short period of time to simulate the condition of sudden showers of rain in summer.Test results showed that processed air was supplied at very stable level.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374202 and 12004001)Anhui Projects(Grant Nos.2022AH020009,S020218016,and Z010118169),and Hefei City(Grant No.Z020132009)+3 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325004 and 52161160330)Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD0606900)the Talent Hub for“AI+New Materials”Basic ResearchHefei Advanced Computing Center,Beijing Super Cloud Computing Center,and the High-Performance Computing Platform of Anhui University for providing computing resources.
文摘On approaching the glass transition,the structural relaxation of glass-forming liquids slows down drastically,along with a significant growth of dynamic heterogeneity.Recent studies have achieved substantial advancements in elucidating the quantitative correlations between structural relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity.Here,we present the discovery of a novel dynamic crossover with possibly universal dynamic signatures by investigating the relationship between structural relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity.Specifically,the structural relaxation time at the dynamic crossoverτ_(c)is equal to the time scale for the maximum non-Gaussian parameter,which could serve as a quantitative characterization of dynamic heterogeneity.The degree of dynamic heterogeneity at the crossover is approximately equivalent across all investigated glass-forming liquids,leading to a scaling collapse between structural relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity.Moreover,the mean squared displacement at the structural relaxation time is nearly constant across different temperatures as long as the structural relaxation time does not exceedτ_(c).We further observe that the temperature at the dynamic crossover is lower than the onset temperature of slow dynamics.Our findings thus suggest the existence of a novel dynamic crossover with possibly universal dynamic signatures in glass-forming liquids,which merits in-depth investigations.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22071222,22171249)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Nos.232300421363,242300420526)+2 种基金Key Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province(No.23A180010)Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(No.23HASTIT003)Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Joint Fund of Henan Province(No.242301420006)。
文摘The photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT)process has been extensively investigated,however,the recovery of photocatalysts has remained a persistent challenge in the field.In light of this issue,a novel approach involving the development of iron-based ionic liquids as photocatalysts has been pursued for the first time,with the goal of simultaneously facilitating the LMCT process and addressing the issue of photocatalyst recovery.Remarkably,the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(C_(4)mim-Fe Cl_(4))demonstrates exceptional recyclability and stability for the photocatalytic hydroacylation of olefins.This study will pave the way for new approaches to photocatalytic organic synthesis using ionic liquids as recyclable photocatalysts.
基金Project supported by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection(SKLGP2020Z003)。
文摘A novel composite material,Poly(IL-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),combining metal-organic framework,polymeric ionic liquid and acrylic acid,was synthesized for the selective and efficient adsorption of rare earths europium(Ⅲ)(Eu3+).Characterization of the materials was carried out using techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET).The results demonstrate successful incorporation of the polymeric ionic liquid onto the material surface while preserving the crystal structure and mo rphology of MIL-101(Cr).Adsorption experiments were conducted to explore parameters including equilibrium pH,initial Eu3+concentration,and duration,with comprehensive analyses of adsorption kinetics,isotherms,and mechanisms.Findings reveal that Poly(IL1-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),Poly(IL3-AA)@MIL-101(Cr),and Poly(IL5-AA)@MIL-101(Cr)achieve adsorption equilibrium for Eu3+at approximately 9 h with an equilibrium pH of 6.2.The adso rption of Eu^(3+)predominantly follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.Moreover,the prepared composite material exhibits superior adsorption selectivity for Eu^(3+)over other metal ions in the mixture(K^(+),Mg^(2+),Ni^(2+),Co^(2+),Zn^(2+),La^(3+),and Nd^(3+)).Even after five adsorption-desorption cycles,the composite material maintains satis factory adsorption performance.
基金supported by the Swedish Energy Agency(P47500-1)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378401 and U22A20416)the financial support from STINT(CH2019-8287)support from the European Union and Swedish Energy Agency(P2020-90066).
文摘Electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)is a promising approach to convert CO_(2)to high-valued chemicals and fuels.However,developing efficient electrocatalysts featuring desirable activity and selectivity is still a big challenge.In this work,a strategy of introducing functionalized molecules with desirable CO_(2)affinity to regulate Ag catalyst for promoting electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)was proposed.Specifically,3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole was introduced onto the Ag nanoparticle(Ag-m-Triz)for the first time to achieve selectively converting CO_(2)to carbon monoxide(CO).This Ag-m-Triz exhibits excellent performance for CO_(2)reduction with a high CO Faradaic efficiency(FECO)of 99.2%and CO partial current density of 85.0 mA cm^(-2)at-2.3 V vs.Ag/Ag^(+) in H-cell when combined with the ionic liquid-based electrolyte,30 wt%1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate([Bmim][PF6])-65 wt%acetonitrile(AcN)-5 wt%H2O,which is 2.5-fold higher than the current density in Ag-powder under the same condition.Mechanism studies confirm that the significantly improved performance of Ag-m-Triz originates from(i)the stronger adsorption ability of CO_(2)molecule and(ii)the weaker binding energy to form the COOH*intermediate on the surface of Ag-m-Triz compared with the Ag-powder catalyst,which boosts the conversion of CO_(2)to CO.This research provides a facile way to regulate electrocatalysts for efficient CO_(2)reduction by introducing functionalized molecules.
基金financial support of the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University(605-50Y17073),Xiamen,China.
文摘The composite membrane of microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)with polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)was effectively synthesized using ionic liquids(ILs)as the solvent and dimethyl sulfone(DMSO)as the co-solvent through the phase conversion method.The effects of IL structure and the IL/DMSO mass ratio on the solubility of MCC were investigated.The findings indicated that the composite solvent functioned as a non-derivative solvent for MCC dissolution.The inclusion of DMSO decreased the viscosity of ILs and enhanced the rate of MCC dissolution.The solubility of MCC reached 14.5%(mass)when the mass ratio of[Bmim]Cl to DMSO was 1:1.The fabricated MCC membrane exhibited a smooth surface and a dense structure.PVA@MCC demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties and a uniform structure at a mass ratio of 2:1,with an elongation at break of 76%and a tensile strength of 14.6 MPa.The effects of antibacterial agents on the morphology,transmittance,mechanical properties,and antibacterial efficiency of PVA@MCC were investigated.The findings revealed that PVA@MCC fortified with clove oil showcased a flat and smooth surface,devoid of stratification or aggregation,and demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to its counterparts with chitosan and ZnO additions.The elongation at break of PVA@MCC with clove oil increased to 137.6%,while its tensile strength decreased to 10.4 MPa.PVA@MCC with clove oil exhibited an antibacterial efficiency exceeding 68%against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,thereby extending the shelf life of cherry tomatoes by an additional four days at ambient temperature.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3504702)support from Horizon-EIC,Pathfinder challenges(101070976)+3 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278402,22478389)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province(231111241800)State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering(MESO-23-A08)the Frontier Basic Research Projects of Institute of Process Engineering,CAS(QYJC-2023-03).
文摘Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvents have attracted dramatic attention recently due to their highly tunable properties. However, traditional experimental screening methods are inefficient and resource-intensive. The article provides a comprehensive overview of various ML algorithms, including artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting trees (GBT), etc., which have demonstrated exceptional performance in handling complex and high-dimensional data. Furthermore, the integration of ML with quantum chemical calculations and conductor-like screening model-real solvent (COSMO-RS) has significantly enhanced predictive accuracy, enabling the rapid screening and design of novel solvents. Besides, recent ML applications in the prediction and design of ILs and DESs focused on solubility, melting point, electrical conductivity, and other physicochemical properties become more and more. This paper emphasizes the potential of ML in solvent design, overviewing an efficient approach to accelerate the development of sustainable and high-performance materials, providing guidance for their widespread application in a variety of industrial processes.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Grant Nos.RS-2024-00403639 and RS2024-00411904)。
文摘Artificial sensory systems(ASS)are pivotal to next-generation extended reality technologies,now evolving into flexible platforms for comfortable wear and immersive user experiences,while ensuring high performance and operational reliability.To address these demands,metal-based nanoparticles(NPs),such as noble metal,oxide,and multi-elemental NPs,have been extensively incorporated into functional materials of sensory and synaptic devices due to their tunable optical,electrical,and chemical properties,enhancing sensory precision,stability,and environmental adaptability.However,traditional NP fabrication methods often involve complex processing,residual contaminants,and scalability issues,limiting their effectiveness in ASS applications.State-of-the-art laser ablation in liquids(LAL)presents a promising alternative,offering scalable production of surfactant-free NPs with customizable physicochemical properties,though their application in electronics remains underexplored.This review delves into the transformative potential of LAL-fabricated NPs in ASS,covering the fundamental mechanisms of LAL,the role of process parameters,the derivative strategies for size modulation,the diversity of metal-based NPs,their applications in sensory and synaptic devices,and the challenges and perspectives for meeting industrial standards.Bridging the gap between LAL and ASS is poised to revolutionize both industrial manufacturing and academic research by offering scalable solutions to overcome intrinsic tradeoffs between flexibility and performance,fostering innovations in human-centric,immersive electronics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52173095)the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,Zhejiang University(No.2023MSF05)。
文摘The recovery of ionic liquids(ILs)has attracted growing attention as an indispensable process in“green”industrial applications.Forward osmosis(FO)has proven to be a sustainable method for concentrating the very dilute aqueous solutions of ILs at ambient temperature,in which semi-permeable membranes play a vital role in determining the recovery efficiency.Herein,we use interfacial polymerization method to prepare thin-film composite membranes consisting of polyamide skin layer and electrospun nanofibrous substrate with tunable water permeability and IL selectivity for osmotic enrichment of imidazolium ILs from their dilute aqueous solutions through FO process.The resulting FO membrane shows a compact polyamide layer with a thickness of 30-200 nm,guranteeing a high selectivity to ILs and water.Meanwhile,the nanofibrous substrate with large and interconnect pores as well as low tortuosity,providing mechanical and permeable support for the composite membranes.IL structure influences the osmotic pressure difference as well as the interactions with polyamide layer of the membrane and thus determines the whole concentration process.First,the alkyl chain growth augments the osmosis pressure difference between the ILs solution and draw solution,resulting in an enhancement in driving force of water osmosis and IL enrichment.Moreover,alkyl length aggravates external concentration polarization caused by the enhanced adsorption of ILs onto the skin layer via electrostatic and alkyl-πinteractions.Meanwhile,such adsorbed ILs further enhance the IL retention but decrease the reverse salt diffusion.Therefore,imidazolium ILs with varied alkyl lengths are ultimately enriched with a 100-fold increase in concentration from their dilute aqueous solutions with high IL/NaCl rejection and low IL loss.Remarkably,the final concentration of IL with longest alkyl length reaches the highest(6.4 mol·L^(-1)).This work provides the insights in respect to material preparation and process amelioration for IL recovery with high scalability at mild conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178243 and 22038008).
文摘Direct coal liquefaction products offer a considerable quantity of cycloalkanes, which are the valuable candidates for making the high energy density fuels. The creation of such fuels depends on designing molecular structures and calculating their properties, which can be expedited with computer-aided techniques. In this study, a dataset containing 367 fuel molecules was constructed based on the analysis of direct coal liquefied oil. Three convolutional neural network property prediction models have been created based on molecular structure-physical and chemical property data from the library. All the models have good fitting ability with R2 values above 0.97. Then, a variational autoencoder generation model has been established using the molecular structures from the library, focusing on the structure of saturated cycloalkanes. The structure-property prediction model was then applied to the newly generated molecules, assessing their density, volumetric calorific value, and melting point. As a result, 70000 novel molecular structures were generated, and 25 molecular structures meeting the criteria for high energy density fuels were identified. The established variational autoencoder model in this study effectively assimilates the structural information from the sample set and autonomously generates novel high energy density fuels, which is difficult to achieve in traditional experimental methods.
文摘Equations(2)and(6)and the corresponding discussion in the paper[Chin.Phys.Lett.42,056301(2025)]have been corrected.These modiffcations do not affect the results derived in the paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20171,U20A20245)Natural Scienceof Hubei Province(2023AFA010)Independent Innovation Projects of the Hubei Longzhong Laboratory。
文摘In the process of spraying coating perovskite films,the"coffee ring"effect(CRE)leads to the problem of excessive organic ammonium salt accumulation in local areas that cannot be completely eliminated.We introduce an in-situ targeted defect-healing strategy by incorporating butylamine formate(BAFa)ionic liquid into the spray ink.Ionic liquids,due to their long carbon chain structure,tend to target flow towards the CRE region during the droplet evaporation process.The coordination between the lone pair electrons in the C=O group of BAFa and Pb^(2+)effectively reduces defects in perovskite and suppresses non-radiative recombination losses.Simultaneously,amine ligands,which are repelled to the film surface and grain boundaries,form a thin insulating monolayer in the CRE areas,forcing charge carriers to transport through areas of the perovskite with fewer defects.This approach enables the crystallization control and defect-heal over the Cs_(0.19)FA_(0.81)PbI_(3-x-y)Br_(x)Cl_(y)perovskite films.Consequently,the champion perovskite solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of 22.04%,while mini-modules with an effective area of 64.8 cm^(2)reached a peak power conversion efficiency of 18.35%,demonstrating the significant potential for commercializing large-area perovskite solar cells.
