By means of a characterization of compact spaces in terms of open CD*-filters induced by a , a - and open CD*-filters process of compactifications of an arbitrary topological space Y is obtained in Sec. 3 by embedding...By means of a characterization of compact spaces in terms of open CD*-filters induced by a , a - and open CD*-filters process of compactifications of an arbitrary topological space Y is obtained in Sec. 3 by embedding Y as a dense subspace of , YS = {ε |ε is an open CD*-filter that does not converge in Y}, YT = {A|A is a basic open CD*-filter that does not converge in Y}, is the topology induced by the base B = {U*|U is open in Y, U ≠φ} and U* = {F∈Ysw (or YTw)|U∈F}. Furthermore, an arbitrary Hausdorff compactification (Z, h) of a Tychonoff space X?can be obtained from a by the?similar process in Sec.3.展开更多
In this paper,the topological space(PF_(MP)(X),T) based on prime MP-filters of a lattice FI-algebra X is constructed firstly and we proved that it is a compact T_0-space if X with condition(P).Secondly,we restricted T...In this paper,the topological space(PF_(MP)(X),T) based on prime MP-filters of a lattice FI-algebra X is constructed firstly and we proved that it is a compact T_0-space if X with condition(P).Secondly,we restricted T to the set of all maximal MP-filters MF_(MP)(X) of X and concluded that(PF_(MP)(X),T |_(PF_(MP)(X)) )is a compact T_2 space if X with conditions(P) and(S).展开更多
The notion of e-filters is introduced in an MS-algebra and characterized. The concept of D-filters is introduced and a set of equivalent conditions under which every D-filter is an e-filter are given. The properties o...The notion of e-filters is introduced in an MS-algebra and characterized. The concept of D-filters is introduced and a set of equivalent conditions under which every D-filter is an e-filter are given. The properties of the space of all prime e-filters of an MS-algebra are observed. The concept of D-prime filters is introduced and then a set of equivalent conditions axe derived for a prime e-filter to become a D-prime filter in topological terms.展开更多
By applying the Fourier analysis, we study the spectral properties of R- filters. Further, we prove that R-filters are a generalization of least squares polynomial adjustment, and we give the geometric interpretation ...By applying the Fourier analysis, we study the spectral properties of R- filters. Further, we prove that R-filters are a generalization of least squares polynomial adjustment, and we give the geometric interpretation of R-filters.展开更多
Block-matching and 3D-filtering(BM3D) is a state of the art denoising algorithm for image/video,which takes full advantages of the spatial correlation and the temporal correlation of the video. The algorithm performan...Block-matching and 3D-filtering(BM3D) is a state of the art denoising algorithm for image/video,which takes full advantages of the spatial correlation and the temporal correlation of the video. The algorithm performance comes at the price of more similar blocks finding and filtering which bring high computation and memory access. Area, memory bandwidth and computation are the major bottlenecks to design a feasible architecture because of large frame size and search range. In this paper, we introduce a novel structure to increase data reuse rate and reduce the internal static-random-access-memory(SRAM) memory. Our target is to design a phase alternating line(PAL) or real-time processing chip of BM3 D. We propose an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC) architecture of BM3 D for a 720 × 576 BT656 PAL format. The feature of the chip is with 100 MHz system frequency and a 166-MHz 32-bit double data rate(DDR). When noise is σ = 25, we successfully realize real-time denoising and achieve about 10 d B peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) advance just by one iteration of the BM3 D algorithm.展开更多
In this paper a comparison of a sixth-order active band pass R-filter output response with the output response of a sixth-order band pass RC-filter at different quality factors (Q = 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10) was carried out ...In this paper a comparison of a sixth-order active band pass R-filter output response with the output response of a sixth-order band pass RC-filter at different quality factors (Q = 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10) was carried out at a fixed frequency of 10 KHz. The architecture used in the design is the multiple feedbacks for both filter networks. The simulated response characteristics show that both filters (R- and RC-filters) have their mid-band gains increasing with Q, while their bandwidths monotonically decreased with Q-values. The bandwidths are in the range of 22.23 dB to 62.97 dB and –55.49 dB to –50.81 dB (Q = 2 to 10) for R- and RC-filters respectively. At higher Q-values, R-filter showed better selectivity with a smaller bandwidth (400 Hz) at the edge of the pass band, when compared to 450 Hz for the RC-filter. The roll-off rate around –58.9 dB/decade for the R-filter appears to be that of a third-order filter response, while the RC-filter has its response in the range –106 to –132 dB/decade which is in the neighbourhood of an ideal sixth-order response (roll-off of 120 db/decade). A shift in the center frequency with Q was observed for the RC-filter only.展开更多
Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our ...Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .展开更多
文摘By means of a characterization of compact spaces in terms of open CD*-filters induced by a , a - and open CD*-filters process of compactifications of an arbitrary topological space Y is obtained in Sec. 3 by embedding Y as a dense subspace of , YS = {ε |ε is an open CD*-filter that does not converge in Y}, YT = {A|A is a basic open CD*-filter that does not converge in Y}, is the topology induced by the base B = {U*|U is open in Y, U ≠φ} and U* = {F∈Ysw (or YTw)|U∈F}. Furthermore, an arbitrary Hausdorff compactification (Z, h) of a Tychonoff space X?can be obtained from a by the?similar process in Sec.3.
基金Supported by the NSF of China(10371106,60774073)
文摘In this paper,the topological space(PF_(MP)(X),T) based on prime MP-filters of a lattice FI-algebra X is constructed firstly and we proved that it is a compact T_0-space if X with condition(P).Secondly,we restricted T to the set of all maximal MP-filters MF_(MP)(X) of X and concluded that(PF_(MP)(X),T |_(PF_(MP)(X)) )is a compact T_2 space if X with conditions(P) and(S).
文摘The notion of e-filters is introduced in an MS-algebra and characterized. The concept of D-filters is introduced and a set of equivalent conditions under which every D-filter is an e-filter are given. The properties of the space of all prime e-filters of an MS-algebra are observed. The concept of D-prime filters is introduced and then a set of equivalent conditions axe derived for a prime e-filter to become a D-prime filter in topological terms.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. NKBRPC-2004CB318003)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KJCX2-YW-S02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10771205)
文摘By applying the Fourier analysis, we study the spectral properties of R- filters. Further, we prove that R-filters are a generalization of least squares polynomial adjustment, and we give the geometric interpretation of R-filters.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61234001)
文摘Block-matching and 3D-filtering(BM3D) is a state of the art denoising algorithm for image/video,which takes full advantages of the spatial correlation and the temporal correlation of the video. The algorithm performance comes at the price of more similar blocks finding and filtering which bring high computation and memory access. Area, memory bandwidth and computation are the major bottlenecks to design a feasible architecture because of large frame size and search range. In this paper, we introduce a novel structure to increase data reuse rate and reduce the internal static-random-access-memory(SRAM) memory. Our target is to design a phase alternating line(PAL) or real-time processing chip of BM3 D. We propose an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC) architecture of BM3 D for a 720 × 576 BT656 PAL format. The feature of the chip is with 100 MHz system frequency and a 166-MHz 32-bit double data rate(DDR). When noise is σ = 25, we successfully realize real-time denoising and achieve about 10 d B peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) advance just by one iteration of the BM3 D algorithm.
文摘In this paper a comparison of a sixth-order active band pass R-filter output response with the output response of a sixth-order band pass RC-filter at different quality factors (Q = 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10) was carried out at a fixed frequency of 10 KHz. The architecture used in the design is the multiple feedbacks for both filter networks. The simulated response characteristics show that both filters (R- and RC-filters) have their mid-band gains increasing with Q, while their bandwidths monotonically decreased with Q-values. The bandwidths are in the range of 22.23 dB to 62.97 dB and –55.49 dB to –50.81 dB (Q = 2 to 10) for R- and RC-filters respectively. At higher Q-values, R-filter showed better selectivity with a smaller bandwidth (400 Hz) at the edge of the pass band, when compared to 450 Hz for the RC-filter. The roll-off rate around –58.9 dB/decade for the R-filter appears to be that of a third-order filter response, while the RC-filter has its response in the range –106 to –132 dB/decade which is in the neighbourhood of an ideal sixth-order response (roll-off of 120 db/decade). A shift in the center frequency with Q was observed for the RC-filter only.
文摘Background: Cosmetic formulations, and particularly solar products which contain mineral and chemical UV-filters, are often suspected of causing harmful effects on marine fauna and flora. After the publication of our work in 2019 concerning the ecotoxicological effects of such formulations on corals (Seriatopora hystrix), we here provide some new information about the biodegradability and the ecotoxicological effects of these products on marine zoo- and phytoplankton. Therefore, we choose to realize in silico and in vitro studies of the biodegradability of several solar products but also to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of these products on one phytoplankton, i.e. Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and one zooplankton, i.e. Acartia tonsa, of a great importance for sea species survival (notably as sources of food). Materials and methods: Two different approaches were used to study the biodegradability of the tested products: One in silico method and an in vitro one. 2 solar products were involved in the in silico study which consisted in the determination of the degradation factor (DF) of each ingredient of the tested formulas in order to finally obtain their estimated biodegradability percentage. Already available data concerning each ingredient coupled to a computer model developed with one of our partners were used to achieve this study. The in vitro study involved 8 formulas containing UV-filters and was led by following the OECD 301 F guidelines. Ecotoxicological studies of 7 of the formulas containing UV-filters were for their part realized by following the ISO 10253 guidelines for the experiments led with Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the ISO 14669 guidelines for the experiments led with Acartia tonsa. In these studies, the effect of each tested product on crustaceans’ mortality and algal growth inhibition was assessed. Results: The in silico study predicted that formulas containing chemical UV-filters display a high biodegradability (superior to the threshold value of 60% given by the OECD 301 F guidelines). In the in vitro part of our work, the 8 tested formulas showed a biodegradability slightly inferior to the one predicted in the in silico experiments. Therefore, in order to evaluate if these calculated biodegradability value could have significant harmful effects on zoo- or phytoplankton, we studied the effect of our products regarding the growth inhibition on Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the mortality on Acartia tonsa. In this last part of the study, all the tested products were classified as “non ecotoxic” following an internal classification based on Part 4 entitled “Environmental Hazards” of Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 9<sup>th</sup> edition (2021). Conclusions: These results are notably in line with those published by our teams in 2019 on the effects of solar cosmetic products on corals and seem to confirm that formulas containing mineral and chemical UV-filters can be daily used without displaying significant noxious effects on marine fauna and flora. .
