Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan r...Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan river were mainly from the urban river segment,and the immediate cause of over standard was tributary pollutants in urban river segment with the runoff into rivers.So we should strengthen the maintenance of drainage control and gate-han,accelerate the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipe network,promote rural decentralized sewage treatment,prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution,pesticides and fertilizers pollution,and intercept non-point source pollution by using eco-technology.展开更多
This paper analyses a control strategy applicable in heaVy-duty hydraulic Systems,namely, the introduction of a servovalve to achieve smoother operation of direCtional-control valves that serve also as flow-control va...This paper analyses a control strategy applicable in heaVy-duty hydraulic Systems,namely, the introduction of a servovalve to achieve smoother operation of direCtional-control valves that serve also as flow-control valves over two fanges of operating conditions. A mathematical model of the dynamics of the System is etallished and design criteria are obtained from a linearised form of that model. The influence of variations in tile axial force on the spool of the main valve is investigated, and the use of the resultS in the design of systems of the proposed kind is discussed.展开更多
In this paper, K-controllability and approximate K-controllability of non- linear neutral differential equations in Banach spaces are studied. Sufficient conditions are established for each of these types of controlla...In this paper, K-controllability and approximate K-controllability of non- linear neutral differential equations in Banach spaces are studied. Sufficient conditions are established for each of these types of controllability. The results are obtained by using Leray-Schauder theory.展开更多
This article provides a flexible-joint-manipulator,which incorporates with three means to make its mechanical arm come into compliant contact with the objects with a force kept within an acceptable range. At first,the...This article provides a flexible-joint-manipulator,which incorporates with three means to make its mechanical arm come into compliant contact with the objects with a force kept within an acceptable range. At first,the Cartesian impedance control law is introduced on the basis of virtual decomposition to realize the compliance control. Then,adaptive dynamic joint compensators on all joints are used to achieve more precise control. Finally,a Cartesian force-feedback path generation is developed for collision ...展开更多
AIM:To evaluate potential risk factors in the development of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China.METHODS:A total of 1308 patients with UC and 1308 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in China.T...AIM:To evaluate potential risk factors in the development of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China.METHODS:A total of 1308 patients with UC and 1308 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in China.The UC cases were collected from 17 hospitals in China from April 2007 to April 2010.Uniform questionnaires were designed to investigate risk factors including smoking,appendectomy,stress,socio-economic conditions,nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),oral contraceptives,diet,breastfeeding,infections and family sanitary conditions.Group comparisons by each factor were done using simple logistic regression analysis.Conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS:By univariate analysis,the variables predictive of UC included feeling stress,light and heavy alcoholic drinking,spicy food,sugar consumption and infectious diarrhea,while heavy tea intake and tap water consumption were protective against UC.On multivariate analysis,the protective factor for UC was tap water consumption [odds ratios(OR) = 0.424,95%CI:0.302-0.594,P < 0.001];while the potential risk factors for UC were heavy sugar consumption(OR = 1.632,95%CI:1.156-2.305,P < 0.001),spicy food(light intake:OR = 3.329,95%CI:2.282-4.857,P < 0.001;heavy intake:OR = 3.979,95%CI:2.700-5.863,P < 0.001),and often feeling stress(OR = 1.981,95%CI:1.447-2.711,P < 0.001).Other factors,such as smoking habit,appendectomy,breastfeeding,a history of measles,rural or urban residence,education,oral contraceptives,and NSAID use have not been found to have a significant association with the development of UC in the present study.CONCLUSION:Our study showed tap water consumption was a protective factor for UC,while spicy food,heavy sugar consumption and often feeling stress were risk factors for UC in this Chinese population.展开更多
Rahim and Banerjee [1] developed a general model for the optimal design of x-control charts. The model minimizes the expected cost per unit time. The heart of the model is a theorem that derives the expected total cos...Rahim and Banerjee [1] developed a general model for the optimal design of x-control charts. The model minimizes the expected cost per unit time. The heart of the model is a theorem that derives the expected total cost and the expected cycle length. In this paper an alternative simple proof for the theorem is provided based on mathematical induction.展开更多
By the aid of nullor-mirror models of the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCII) and applying the nodal admittance matrix(NAM) expansion method, the family of current-mode Colpitts oscillators employing ...By the aid of nullor-mirror models of the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCII) and applying the nodal admittance matrix(NAM) expansion method, the family of current-mode Colpitts oscillators employing four CCCIIs and three grounded capacitors is synthesized. Thirty-two Colpitts oscillators using CCCIIs are obtained in all. By using canonical number of components, the circuits can be easily integrated and the oscillation criterion and the oscillation frequency can be independently and electronically tuned by tuning bias currents of the CCCIIs. The paper-and-pencil analysis and Pspice simulation results have been included to support the synthesis method.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Why 3.3% to 10% of all patients with hepatolithiasis develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unknown.We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to identify risk factors for the develop...BACKGROUND:Why 3.3% to 10% of all patients with hepatolithiasis develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unknown.We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to identify risk factors for the development of ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis in China.METHODS:Eighty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed hepatolithiasis associated with ICC and 228 with hepatolithiasis alone matched by sex,age (±2 years),hospital admittance and place of residence were interviewed during the period of 2000-2008.Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each risk factor.RESULTS:Among the patients with hepatolithiasis associated with ICC,the mean age was 57.7 years and 61.0% were female Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for ICC development in hepatolithiasis were smoking,family history of cancer,appendectomy during childhood (under age 20),and duration of symptoms >10 years.In multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis,smoking (OR=1.931,95% CI:1.000-3.731),family history of cancer (OR=5.175,95% CI:1.216-22.022),and duration of symptoms >10 years (OR=2.348 95% CI:1.394-3.952) were independent factors.CONCLUSION:Smoking,family history of cancer and duration of symptoms >10 years may be risk factors for ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis.展开更多
AIM: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of many potential carcinogens and appear to play a critical role in the protection from the effects of carcinogens. The contribution of glutath...AIM: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of many potential carcinogens and appear to play a critical role in the protection from the effects of carcinogens. The contribution of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 genotypes to susceptibility to the risk of gastric cancer and their interaction with cigarette smoking are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any relationship between genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTT1 and gastric cancer. METHODS: A population based case-control study was carried out in a high-risk area, Changle County, Fujian Province, China. The epidemiological data were collected by a standard questionnaire and blood samples were obtained from 95 incidence gastric cancer cases and 94 healthy controls. A polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTT1 and GSTT1 genes in genomic DNA. Logistic regression model was employed in the data analysis. RESULTS: An increase in risk for gastric cancer was found among carriers of GSTT1 null genotype. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.63 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.17-5.88, after controlling for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and fish sauce intake. The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in cancer cases (43.16%) was not significantly different from that in controls (50.00%). However, the risk for gastric cancer in those with GSTT1 null and GSTT1 non-null genotype was significantly higher than in those with both GSTT1 and GSTT1 non-null genotype (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.15-6.77). Compared with those subjects who never smoked and had normal GSTT1 genotype, ORs were 1.60 (95% CI:0.62-4.19) for never smokers with GSTT1 null type, 2.33 (95% CI 0.88-6.28) for smokers with normal GSTT1, and 8.06 (95% CI 2.83-23.67) for smokers with GSTT1 null type. CONCLUSIONS: GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with genetic susceptibility of stomach cancer and may modulate tobacco-related carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.展开更多
Abstract Objective To assess the association of TNF-α and IL-1RA SNPs with the risk of silicosis in Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Methods Case-control study design was used to enroll 68 silicotic patie...Abstract Objective To assess the association of TNF-α and IL-1RA SNPs with the risk of silicosis in Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Methods Case-control study design was used to enroll 68 silicotic patients induced by silica particles and 68 healthy workers matched for length of silica particle exposure as controls. Both cases and controls were from the same company in southwest China, and each of them was requested to complete a questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn for genomic DNA extraction from each participant. The genotyping of TNF-α （-238 and -308） and IL-1RA （＋2018） was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） and SYBR green-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction {qPCR）, respectively. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios （ORs） and their 95% confidential intervals （Cl） for SNPs. Results No significant differences were found between cases and controls in particles exposure length, body mass index （BMI）, and status of smoking and alcohol consumption except for age （P=O.O01） and blood type （P=0.042）. The frequencies of TNF-c（（-238） and IL-1RA （＋2018） genotypes in cases were significantly different from those in controls, （P=O.O01 and P=0.O02, respectively）, while a borderline significant difference was found in the frequencies of TNF-α（-308） between cases and controls （P=0.063）. The variants of three SNPs increased the risk of silicosis in the Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. The adjusted ORs of TNFα（-308）, TNF-α（-238） and IL-1RA （＋2018） were 2.8 （95% Ch 2.1-7.5）, 20.9 （95% Ch 2.8-236.4） and 4.0 （95% CI： 2.6-10.2）, respectively. Conclusion It is suggested that cytokine polymorphisms of TNF-ct （-238, -308） and IL-1RA （＋2018） are associated with the risk of silicosis in the Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Further independent studies on the interaction between SNPs and exposure to silica particles with a larger sample size are therefore warranted.展开更多
Current SDN controllers suffer from a series of potential attacks. For example, malicious flow rules may lead to system disorder by introducing unexpected flow entries. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware deci...Current SDN controllers suffer from a series of potential attacks. For example, malicious flow rules may lead to system disorder by introducing unexpected flow entries. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware decision-making security architecture with multiple controllers, which could coordinate heterogeneous controllers internally as a "big" controller. This architecture includes an additional plane, the scheduling plane, which consists of transponder, sensor, decider and scheduler. Meanwhile it achieves the functions of communicating, supervising and scheduling between data and control plane. In this framework, we adopt the vote results from the majority of controllers to determine valid flow rules distributed to switches. Besides, an aware dynamic scheduling(ADS) mechanism is devised in scheduler to intensify security of Mcad-SA further. Combined with perception, ADS takes advantage of heterogeneity and redundancy of controllers to enable the control plane operate in a dynamic, reliable and unsteady state, which results in significant difficulty of probing systems and executing attacks. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed methods indicate better security resilience over traditional architectures as they have lower failure probability when facing attacks.展开更多
Spherical LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 OOH precursor prepared by a co-oxidation-controlled crystallization method, was used to synthesize LiNi0.5Co0.15Al0.05O2. The obtained LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 materials showed excellent e...Spherical LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 OOH precursor prepared by a co-oxidation-controlled crystallization method, was used to synthesize LiNi0.5Co0.15Al0.05O2. The obtained LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 materials showed excellent electrochemical performance, with an initial discharge capacity of 193.5 mAh/g and capacity retention of 95.1% after 50 cycles when cycled at 0.2 C rate between 2.8 and 4.3 V.展开更多
The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational, environmental, behavioral risk factors, and active pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） among coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（CWP） patients. A match...The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational, environmental, behavioral risk factors, and active pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） among coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（CWP） patients. A matched case-control study was conducted in 86 CWP patients with active PTB and 86 CWP controls without TB. A standardized questionnaire was used for risk factors assessment. Conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between the risk factors and active PTB among CWP patients. The results showed that the stage of CWP, poor workplace ventilation, family history of TB, and exposure to TB were independent risk factors for active PTB in patients with CWP with which recommendations for improving work environments, and for case finding activities in patients with CWP could be made.展开更多
BACKGROUND When opportunistic infections occur, patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) commonly display a significantly increased rate of morbidity and mortality.With increasing use of immunosuppressive agents ...BACKGROUND When opportunistic infections occur, patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) commonly display a significantly increased rate of morbidity and mortality.With increasing use of immunosuppressive agents and biological agents,opportunistic infections are becoming a hot topic in the perspective of drug safety in IBD patients. Despite the well-established role of opportunistic infections in the prognosis of IBD patients, there are few epidemiological data investigating the incidence of opportunis-tic infections in IBD patients in China. Besides, the risk factors for opportunistic infection in Chinese IBD patients remain unclear.AIM To predict the incidence of opportunistic infections related to IBD in China, and explore the risk factors for opportunistic infections.METHODS A single-center, prospective study of IBD patients was conducted. The patients were followed for up to 12 mo to calculate the incidence of infections. For each infected IBD patient, two non-infected IBD patients were selected as controls. A conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between putative risk factors and opportunistic infections, which are represented as odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Seventy(28.11%) out of 249 IBD patients developed opportunistic infections.Clostridium difficile infections and respiratory syncytial virus infections were found in 24 and 16 patients, respectively. In a univariate analysis, factors such as the severity of IBD, use of an immunosuppressant or immunosuppressants, high levels of fecal calprotectin, and C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate were individually related to a significantly increased risk of opportunistic infection. Multivariate analysis indicated that the use of any immunosuppressant yielded an OR of 3.247(95%CI: 1.128-9.341), whereas the use of any two immunosuppressants yielded an OR of 6.457(95%CI: 1.726-24.152) for opportunistic infection. Interestingly, when immunosuppressants were used in combination with infliximab(IFX) or 5-aminosalicylic acid, a significantly increased risk of opportunistic infection was also observed. The relative risk of opportunistic infection was greatest in IBD patients with severe disease activity(OR = 9.090; 95%CI: 1.532-53.941, relative to the remission stage). However, the use of IFX alone did not increase the risk of opportunistic infection.CONCLUSION Factors such as severe IBD, elevated levels of fecal calprotectin, and the use of immunosuppressive medications, especially when used in combination, are major risk factors for opportunistic infections in IBD patients. The use of IFX alone does not increase the risk of opportunistic infection.展开更多
文摘Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan river were mainly from the urban river segment,and the immediate cause of over standard was tributary pollutants in urban river segment with the runoff into rivers.So we should strengthen the maintenance of drainage control and gate-han,accelerate the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipe network,promote rural decentralized sewage treatment,prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution,pesticides and fertilizers pollution,and intercept non-point source pollution by using eco-technology.
文摘This paper analyses a control strategy applicable in heaVy-duty hydraulic Systems,namely, the introduction of a servovalve to achieve smoother operation of direCtional-control valves that serve also as flow-control valves over two fanges of operating conditions. A mathematical model of the dynamics of the System is etallished and design criteria are obtained from a linearised form of that model. The influence of variations in tile axial force on the spool of the main valve is investigated, and the use of the resultS in the design of systems of the proposed kind is discussed.
基金The Young Scholar Foundation of Institute of Mathematics of Jilin University
文摘In this paper, K-controllability and approximate K-controllability of non- linear neutral differential equations in Banach spaces are studied. Sufficient conditions are established for each of these types of controllability. The results are obtained by using Leray-Schauder theory.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60675054)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006AA04Z228)"111" Project (B07018)
文摘This article provides a flexible-joint-manipulator,which incorporates with three means to make its mechanical arm come into compliant contact with the objects with a force kept within an acceptable range. At first,the Cartesian impedance control law is introduced on the basis of virtual decomposition to realize the compliance control. Then,adaptive dynamic joint compensators on all joints are used to achieve more precise control. Finally,a Cartesian force-feedback path generation is developed for collision ...
基金Supported by A Grant from Chinese Medical Association Re-search Special Funds,No. 07040490057 (to Professor Ou-yang Q)
文摘AIM:To evaluate potential risk factors in the development of ulcerative colitis(UC) in China.METHODS:A total of 1308 patients with UC and 1308 age-matched and sex-matched controls were prospectively studied in China.The UC cases were collected from 17 hospitals in China from April 2007 to April 2010.Uniform questionnaires were designed to investigate risk factors including smoking,appendectomy,stress,socio-economic conditions,nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),oral contraceptives,diet,breastfeeding,infections and family sanitary conditions.Group comparisons by each factor were done using simple logistic regression analysis.Conditional logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.RESULTS:By univariate analysis,the variables predictive of UC included feeling stress,light and heavy alcoholic drinking,spicy food,sugar consumption and infectious diarrhea,while heavy tea intake and tap water consumption were protective against UC.On multivariate analysis,the protective factor for UC was tap water consumption [odds ratios(OR) = 0.424,95%CI:0.302-0.594,P < 0.001];while the potential risk factors for UC were heavy sugar consumption(OR = 1.632,95%CI:1.156-2.305,P < 0.001),spicy food(light intake:OR = 3.329,95%CI:2.282-4.857,P < 0.001;heavy intake:OR = 3.979,95%CI:2.700-5.863,P < 0.001),and often feeling stress(OR = 1.981,95%CI:1.447-2.711,P < 0.001).Other factors,such as smoking habit,appendectomy,breastfeeding,a history of measles,rural or urban residence,education,oral contraceptives,and NSAID use have not been found to have a significant association with the development of UC in the present study.CONCLUSION:Our study showed tap water consumption was a protective factor for UC,while spicy food,heavy sugar consumption and often feeling stress were risk factors for UC in this Chinese population.
文摘Rahim and Banerjee [1] developed a general model for the optimal design of x-control charts. The model minimizes the expected cost per unit time. The heart of the model is a theorem that derives the expected total cost and the expected cycle length. In this paper an alternative simple proof for the theorem is provided based on mathematical induction.
基金Supported by the Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(2018NY-158)
文摘By the aid of nullor-mirror models of the second-generation current-controlled conveyor(CCCII) and applying the nodal admittance matrix(NAM) expansion method, the family of current-mode Colpitts oscillators employing four CCCIIs and three grounded capacitors is synthesized. Thirty-two Colpitts oscillators using CCCIIs are obtained in all. By using canonical number of components, the circuits can be easily integrated and the oscillation criterion and the oscillation frequency can be independently and electronically tuned by tuning bias currents of the CCCIIs. The paper-and-pencil analysis and Pspice simulation results have been included to support the synthesis method.
文摘BACKGROUND:Why 3.3% to 10% of all patients with hepatolithiasis develop intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains unknown.We carried out a hospital-based case-control study to identify risk factors for the development of ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis in China.METHODS:Eighty-seven patients with pathologically diagnosed hepatolithiasis associated with ICC and 228 with hepatolithiasis alone matched by sex,age (±2 years),hospital admittance and place of residence were interviewed during the period of 2000-2008.Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each risk factor.RESULTS:Among the patients with hepatolithiasis associated with ICC,the mean age was 57.7 years and 61.0% were female Univariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors for ICC development in hepatolithiasis were smoking,family history of cancer,appendectomy during childhood (under age 20),and duration of symptoms >10 years.In multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis,smoking (OR=1.931,95% CI:1.000-3.731),family history of cancer (OR=5.175,95% CI:1.216-22.022),and duration of symptoms >10 years (OR=2.348 95% CI:1.394-3.952) were independent factors.CONCLUSION:Smoking,family history of cancer and duration of symptoms >10 years may be risk factors for ICC in patients with hepatolithiasis.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China,No.C001009
文摘AIM: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the detoxification of many potential carcinogens and appear to play a critical role in the protection from the effects of carcinogens. The contribution of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 genotypes to susceptibility to the risk of gastric cancer and their interaction with cigarette smoking are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any relationship between genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTT1 and gastric cancer. METHODS: A population based case-control study was carried out in a high-risk area, Changle County, Fujian Province, China. The epidemiological data were collected by a standard questionnaire and blood samples were obtained from 95 incidence gastric cancer cases and 94 healthy controls. A polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence or absence of the GSTT1 and GSTT1 genes in genomic DNA. Logistic regression model was employed in the data analysis. RESULTS: An increase in risk for gastric cancer was found among carriers of GSTT1 null genotype. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.63 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 1.17-5.88, after controlling for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and fish sauce intake. The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in cancer cases (43.16%) was not significantly different from that in controls (50.00%). However, the risk for gastric cancer in those with GSTT1 null and GSTT1 non-null genotype was significantly higher than in those with both GSTT1 and GSTT1 non-null genotype (OR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.15-6.77). Compared with those subjects who never smoked and had normal GSTT1 genotype, ORs were 1.60 (95% CI:0.62-4.19) for never smokers with GSTT1 null type, 2.33 (95% CI 0.88-6.28) for smokers with normal GSTT1, and 8.06 (95% CI 2.83-23.67) for smokers with GSTT1 null type. CONCLUSIONS: GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with genetic susceptibility of stomach cancer and may modulate tobacco-related carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.
文摘Abstract Objective To assess the association of TNF-α and IL-1RA SNPs with the risk of silicosis in Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Methods Case-control study design was used to enroll 68 silicotic patients induced by silica particles and 68 healthy workers matched for length of silica particle exposure as controls. Both cases and controls were from the same company in southwest China, and each of them was requested to complete a questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn for genomic DNA extraction from each participant. The genotyping of TNF-α （-238 and -308） and IL-1RA （＋2018） was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） and SYBR green-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction {qPCR）, respectively. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to estimate odds ratios （ORs） and their 95% confidential intervals （Cl） for SNPs. Results No significant differences were found between cases and controls in particles exposure length, body mass index （BMI）, and status of smoking and alcohol consumption except for age （P=O.O01） and blood type （P=0.042）. The frequencies of TNF-c（（-238） and IL-1RA （＋2018） genotypes in cases were significantly different from those in controls, （P=O.O01 and P=0.O02, respectively）, while a borderline significant difference was found in the frequencies of TNF-α（-308） between cases and controls （P=0.063）. The variants of three SNPs increased the risk of silicosis in the Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. The adjusted ORs of TNFα（-308）, TNF-α（-238） and IL-1RA （＋2018） were 2.8 （95% Ch 2.1-7.5）, 20.9 （95% Ch 2.8-236.4） and 4.0 （95% CI： 2.6-10.2）, respectively. Conclusion It is suggested that cytokine polymorphisms of TNF-ct （-238, -308） and IL-1RA （＋2018） are associated with the risk of silicosis in the Chinese workers exposed to silica particles. Further independent studies on the interaction between SNPs and exposure to silica particles with a larger sample size are therefore warranted.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61521003)the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFB0800100,No.2016YFB0800101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61602509)
文摘Current SDN controllers suffer from a series of potential attacks. For example, malicious flow rules may lead to system disorder by introducing unexpected flow entries. In this paper, we propose Mcad-SA, an aware decision-making security architecture with multiple controllers, which could coordinate heterogeneous controllers internally as a "big" controller. This architecture includes an additional plane, the scheduling plane, which consists of transponder, sensor, decider and scheduler. Meanwhile it achieves the functions of communicating, supervising and scheduling between data and control plane. In this framework, we adopt the vote results from the majority of controllers to determine valid flow rules distributed to switches. Besides, an aware dynamic scheduling(ADS) mechanism is devised in scheduler to intensify security of Mcad-SA further. Combined with perception, ADS takes advantage of heterogeneity and redundancy of controllers to enable the control plane operate in a dynamic, reliable and unsteady state, which results in significant difficulty of probing systems and executing attacks. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed methods indicate better security resilience over traditional architectures as they have lower failure probability when facing attacks.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50604018)National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2007BAE12B01)
文摘Spherical LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 OOH precursor prepared by a co-oxidation-controlled crystallization method, was used to synthesize LiNi0.5Co0.15Al0.05O2. The obtained LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 materials showed excellent electrochemical performance, with an initial discharge capacity of 193.5 mAh/g and capacity retention of 95.1% after 50 cycles when cycled at 0.2 C rate between 2.8 and 4.3 V.
基金supported by the Research program on occupational poisoning and occupational lung disease[2014BAI12B01]
文摘The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational, environmental, behavioral risk factors, and active pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB） among coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（CWP） patients. A matched case-control study was conducted in 86 CWP patients with active PTB and 86 CWP controls without TB. A standardized questionnaire was used for risk factors assessment. Conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between the risk factors and active PTB among CWP patients. The results showed that the stage of CWP, poor workplace ventilation, family history of TB, and exposure to TB were independent risk factors for active PTB in patients with CWP with which recommendations for improving work environments, and for case finding activities in patients with CWP could be made.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473506Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY16H290001 and No.LY17H290009+1 种基金Project of Department of Construction of Zhejiang Province,No.WKJ-ZJ-1531Zhejiang TCM Science and Technology Project,No.2016ZB047 and No.2017ZA056
文摘BACKGROUND When opportunistic infections occur, patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) commonly display a significantly increased rate of morbidity and mortality.With increasing use of immunosuppressive agents and biological agents,opportunistic infections are becoming a hot topic in the perspective of drug safety in IBD patients. Despite the well-established role of opportunistic infections in the prognosis of IBD patients, there are few epidemiological data investigating the incidence of opportunis-tic infections in IBD patients in China. Besides, the risk factors for opportunistic infection in Chinese IBD patients remain unclear.AIM To predict the incidence of opportunistic infections related to IBD in China, and explore the risk factors for opportunistic infections.METHODS A single-center, prospective study of IBD patients was conducted. The patients were followed for up to 12 mo to calculate the incidence of infections. For each infected IBD patient, two non-infected IBD patients were selected as controls. A conditional logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations between putative risk factors and opportunistic infections, which are represented as odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Seventy(28.11%) out of 249 IBD patients developed opportunistic infections.Clostridium difficile infections and respiratory syncytial virus infections were found in 24 and 16 patients, respectively. In a univariate analysis, factors such as the severity of IBD, use of an immunosuppressant or immunosuppressants, high levels of fecal calprotectin, and C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate were individually related to a significantly increased risk of opportunistic infection. Multivariate analysis indicated that the use of any immunosuppressant yielded an OR of 3.247(95%CI: 1.128-9.341), whereas the use of any two immunosuppressants yielded an OR of 6.457(95%CI: 1.726-24.152) for opportunistic infection. Interestingly, when immunosuppressants were used in combination with infliximab(IFX) or 5-aminosalicylic acid, a significantly increased risk of opportunistic infection was also observed. The relative risk of opportunistic infection was greatest in IBD patients with severe disease activity(OR = 9.090; 95%CI: 1.532-53.941, relative to the remission stage). However, the use of IFX alone did not increase the risk of opportunistic infection.CONCLUSION Factors such as severe IBD, elevated levels of fecal calprotectin, and the use of immunosuppressive medications, especially when used in combination, are major risk factors for opportunistic infections in IBD patients. The use of IFX alone does not increase the risk of opportunistic infection.
