Tidal rivers are intrinsically complex because tidal propagation is influenced by river discharge. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy variance in the tidal river of the Changji...Tidal rivers are intrinsically complex because tidal propagation is influenced by river discharge. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy variance in the tidal river of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary in China. In order to quantify the behaviour of river and tide,we use numerical modelling that has been validated using measured data. We conduct our analysis by quantifying the discharge and energy variance in separate components for both the river and the tide,during wet and dry seasons. We note various definitions of tidal prism and explore the difference between tidal discharge on the flood and ebb and tidal storage volume. The results show that the river discharge attenuates the tidal motion and reduces the tidal flood discharge but the tidal storage volume is approximately constant with different riverine discharge since part of the fresh water discharge is intercepted and captured in the estuary due to the backwater effect. It appears that the tidal discharge adjusts according to the variation of river discharge to keep a constant tidal storage volume. An analysis of the hydraulics shows that the transition from tidal dominance(at the mouth) to river dominance(upstream) depends on the location of tidal current reversal which varies from wet season to dry season. Duringthe wet season,the Changjiang River estuary is totally dominated by energy from fresh water discharge.展开更多
Let （M,g（t）） be a compact Riemannian manifold and the metric g（t） evolve by the Ricci flow. We derive the evolution equation for the eigenvalues of geometric operator --△φ＋ cR under the Ricci flow and the nor...Let （M,g（t）） be a compact Riemannian manifold and the metric g（t） evolve by the Ricci flow. We derive the evolution equation for the eigenvalues of geometric operator --△φ＋ cR under the Ricci flow and the normalized Ricci flow, where A, is the Witten-Laplacian operator, φ∈C∞（M）, and R is the scalar curvature with respect to the metric g（t）. As an application, we prove that the eigenvalues of the geometric operator are nondecreasing along the Ricci flow coupled to a heat equation for manifold M with some Ricci curvature 1 condition when c 〉1/4.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2010CB951204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.44107180)the 111 Project(No.B08022)
文摘Tidal rivers are intrinsically complex because tidal propagation is influenced by river discharge. This study aims to examine the seasonal variation of tidal prism and energy variance in the tidal river of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary in China. In order to quantify the behaviour of river and tide,we use numerical modelling that has been validated using measured data. We conduct our analysis by quantifying the discharge and energy variance in separate components for both the river and the tide,during wet and dry seasons. We note various definitions of tidal prism and explore the difference between tidal discharge on the flood and ebb and tidal storage volume. The results show that the river discharge attenuates the tidal motion and reduces the tidal flood discharge but the tidal storage volume is approximately constant with different riverine discharge since part of the fresh water discharge is intercepted and captured in the estuary due to the backwater effect. It appears that the tidal discharge adjusts according to the variation of river discharge to keep a constant tidal storage volume. An analysis of the hydraulics shows that the transition from tidal dominance(at the mouth) to river dominance(upstream) depends on the location of tidal current reversal which varies from wet season to dry season. Duringthe wet season,the Changjiang River estuary is totally dominated by energy from fresh water discharge.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11401514,11371310,11101352 and 11471145)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.13KJB110029 and 14KJB110027)+2 种基金Foundation of Yangzhou University(Grant Nos.2013CXJ001 and 2013CXJ006)Fund of Jiangsu University of Technology(Grant No.KYY13005)Qing Lan Project
文摘Let （M,g（t）） be a compact Riemannian manifold and the metric g（t） evolve by the Ricci flow. We derive the evolution equation for the eigenvalues of geometric operator --△φ＋ cR under the Ricci flow and the normalized Ricci flow, where A, is the Witten-Laplacian operator, φ∈C∞（M）, and R is the scalar curvature with respect to the metric g（t）. As an application, we prove that the eigenvalues of the geometric operator are nondecreasing along the Ricci flow coupled to a heat equation for manifold M with some Ricci curvature 1 condition when c 〉1/4.
