Transformation of land use/land cover change occurs due to the numbers and activities of people.Urban growth mod-eling has attracted substantial attention because it helps to comprehend the mechanisms of land use chan...Transformation of land use/land cover change occurs due to the numbers and activities of people.Urban growth mod-eling has attracted substantial attention because it helps to comprehend the mechanisms of land use change and thus helps relevant policies made.This paper tends to apply logistic regression to model urban growth in the Jiayu county of Hubei province,China.It is applied in a GIS environment to calculate variables and,then,in SPSS to discover the relationships between urban growth and the driving forces.The relative operating characteristic(ROC) shows the modeling accuracy with the curve 0.891 with standard er-ror 0.001.A probability map is generated finally to predict where urban growth will occur as a result of the computation.The result shows the model simulates urban growth well in the county scale.展开更多
The middle class in metropolitan Chinese cities has become an important social group. With the rapid development of urbanization and constant advancement of suburbanization, the middle class has increasingly come to i...The middle class in metropolitan Chinese cities has become an important social group. With the rapid development of urbanization and constant advancement of suburbanization, the middle class has increasingly come to influence city traffic. Research into middle-class commuting activities thus has practical significance for improving traffic congestion and reducing the commuting burden in metropolitan cities. Based on a dataset formed by 816 completed surveys, this paper analyzes the commuting mode, time and distance of middle-class residents in Guangzhou City using the descriptive statistical method. The results indicate that private cars are the main commuting mode, followed by public transport. Meanwhile, middle-class residents mainly undertake medium-short time and medium-short distance commuting. The study subsequently uses multilevel logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to analyze the factors that influence commuting mode choice, time and distance. The gender, age, number of family cars, housing source and jobs-housing balance are the most important factors influencing commuting mode choice; housing, population density, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode significantly affect commuting time; and transport accessibility, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode are the notable factors affecting commuting distance. Finally, this paper analyzes what is affecting the commuting activities of middle-class residents and determines the differences in commuting activity characteristics and influence factors between middle-class and ordinary residents. Policy suggestions to improve urban planning and urban management are also proposed.展开更多
Evaluating how park characteristics affect the formation of a park cool island(PCI) is the premise of guiding green parks planning in mountain cities.The diurnal variation of PCI intensity was achieved,and correlation...Evaluating how park characteristics affect the formation of a park cool island(PCI) is the premise of guiding green parks planning in mountain cities.The diurnal variation of PCI intensity was achieved,and correlations between PCI intensity and park characteristics such as park area,landscape shape index(LSI),green ratio and altitude were analyzed,using 3 010 temperature and humidity data from measurements in six parks with typical park characteristics in Chongqing,China.The results indicate that:1) the main factor determining PCI intensity is park area,which leads to obvious cool island effect when it exceeds 14 hm2;2) there is a negative correlation between PCI intensity and LSI,showing that the rounder the park shape is,the better the cool island effect could be achieved;3) regression analysis of humidity and PCI intensity proves that photosynthesis midday depression(PMD) is an important factor causing the low PCI intensity at 13:00;4) the multivariable linear regression model proposed here could effectively well predict the daily PCI intensity in mountain cities.展开更多
City and personality have never been easily associated. Historically, since classical antiquity, urban space has always been the reflection of a collective identity representing the natural inclination of human beings...City and personality have never been easily associated. Historically, since classical antiquity, urban space has always been the reflection of a collective identity representing the natural inclination of human beings to live in group. However, according to Lewis Mumford, the city has been the context in which another ideal arose--the concept of personality. This ideal, according to the official history of urban design, seems to have had a very marginal role, if not as a formal or functional analogous structure. Nevertheless, looking at the physical consistence of built space--as well as its ideal formulation--it is not difficult to find some evidence of Mumford＇s theory. Therefore, the paper, through an architectural overview ranging from classical street-side benches to contemporary digital cities, aims at outlining the progressive change in the representation of urban identities from a collective to a more personal dimension. It describes how public space design, especially during the last 30 years, has redefined its strategies in order to increase the possibilities of personal intervention for users, and it focuses on the gradual shift of this discipline towards other scales, instruments and objectives, in a sudden disciplinary convergence with interior architecture and industrial design. Thus, showing how a pervasive process of domestication is nowadays transforming not only the use, but also the symbolic meaning that the public domain has traditionally had.展开更多
City development is a result of many factors, of which land value is one of the major determinants. The past urban economics studies have shown that land value is largely determined by location factors such as distanc...City development is a result of many factors, of which land value is one of the major determinants. The past urban economics studies have shown that land value is largely determined by location factors such as distance from Central Business District （CBD） ignoring the non-location factors like time of purchase and neighbourhood infrastructures. Therefore, this paper attempts to establish the relative importance of location and non-location factors in the determination of residential land value by positing Onitsha, Nigeria as a case study. Eight hundred and fifty residential housing units were selected and questionnaire administered to the landlords through multi-stage sampling technique. The stepwise regression analysis results showed that non-location factors, especially, time of land purchase, contribute more to the variation in residential land values. The paper suggests the revision of the classical economic theories to represent the conditions of urban areas in developing countries .展开更多
The water distribution system of one residential district in Tianjin is taken as an example to analyze the changes of water quality.Partial least squares(PLS) regression model,in which the turbidity and Fe are regarde...The water distribution system of one residential district in Tianjin is taken as an example to analyze the changes of water quality.Partial least squares(PLS) regression model,in which the turbidity and Fe are regarded as control objectives,is used to establish the statistical model.The experimental results indicate that the PLS regression model has good predicted results of water quality compared with the monitored data.The percentages of absolute relative error(below 15%,20%,30%) are 44.4%,66.7%,100%(turbidity) and 33.3%,44.4%,77.8%(Fe) on the 4th sampling point;77.8%,88.9%,88.9%(turbidity) and 44.4%,55.6%,66.7%(Fe) on the 5th sampling point.展开更多
文摘Transformation of land use/land cover change occurs due to the numbers and activities of people.Urban growth mod-eling has attracted substantial attention because it helps to comprehend the mechanisms of land use change and thus helps relevant policies made.This paper tends to apply logistic regression to model urban growth in the Jiayu county of Hubei province,China.It is applied in a GIS environment to calculate variables and,then,in SPSS to discover the relationships between urban growth and the driving forces.The relative operating characteristic(ROC) shows the modeling accuracy with the curve 0.891 with standard er-ror 0.001.A probability map is generated finally to predict where urban growth will occur as a result of the computation.The result shows the model simulates urban growth well in the county scale.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271182)
文摘The middle class in metropolitan Chinese cities has become an important social group. With the rapid development of urbanization and constant advancement of suburbanization, the middle class has increasingly come to influence city traffic. Research into middle-class commuting activities thus has practical significance for improving traffic congestion and reducing the commuting burden in metropolitan cities. Based on a dataset formed by 816 completed surveys, this paper analyzes the commuting mode, time and distance of middle-class residents in Guangzhou City using the descriptive statistical method. The results indicate that private cars are the main commuting mode, followed by public transport. Meanwhile, middle-class residents mainly undertake medium-short time and medium-short distance commuting. The study subsequently uses multilevel logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to analyze the factors that influence commuting mode choice, time and distance. The gender, age, number of family cars, housing source and jobs-housing balance are the most important factors influencing commuting mode choice; housing, population density, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode significantly affect commuting time; and transport accessibility, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode are the notable factors affecting commuting distance. Finally, this paper analyzes what is affecting the commuting activities of middle-class residents and determines the differences in commuting activity characteristics and influence factors between middle-class and ordinary residents. Policy suggestions to improve urban planning and urban management are also proposed.
基金Project(2006BAJ02A02-05) supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China
文摘Evaluating how park characteristics affect the formation of a park cool island(PCI) is the premise of guiding green parks planning in mountain cities.The diurnal variation of PCI intensity was achieved,and correlations between PCI intensity and park characteristics such as park area,landscape shape index(LSI),green ratio and altitude were analyzed,using 3 010 temperature and humidity data from measurements in six parks with typical park characteristics in Chongqing,China.The results indicate that:1) the main factor determining PCI intensity is park area,which leads to obvious cool island effect when it exceeds 14 hm2;2) there is a negative correlation between PCI intensity and LSI,showing that the rounder the park shape is,the better the cool island effect could be achieved;3) regression analysis of humidity and PCI intensity proves that photosynthesis midday depression(PMD) is an important factor causing the low PCI intensity at 13:00;4) the multivariable linear regression model proposed here could effectively well predict the daily PCI intensity in mountain cities.
文摘City and personality have never been easily associated. Historically, since classical antiquity, urban space has always been the reflection of a collective identity representing the natural inclination of human beings to live in group. However, according to Lewis Mumford, the city has been the context in which another ideal arose--the concept of personality. This ideal, according to the official history of urban design, seems to have had a very marginal role, if not as a formal or functional analogous structure. Nevertheless, looking at the physical consistence of built space--as well as its ideal formulation--it is not difficult to find some evidence of Mumford＇s theory. Therefore, the paper, through an architectural overview ranging from classical street-side benches to contemporary digital cities, aims at outlining the progressive change in the representation of urban identities from a collective to a more personal dimension. It describes how public space design, especially during the last 30 years, has redefined its strategies in order to increase the possibilities of personal intervention for users, and it focuses on the gradual shift of this discipline towards other scales, instruments and objectives, in a sudden disciplinary convergence with interior architecture and industrial design. Thus, showing how a pervasive process of domestication is nowadays transforming not only the use, but also the symbolic meaning that the public domain has traditionally had.
文摘City development is a result of many factors, of which land value is one of the major determinants. The past urban economics studies have shown that land value is largely determined by location factors such as distance from Central Business District （CBD） ignoring the non-location factors like time of purchase and neighbourhood infrastructures. Therefore, this paper attempts to establish the relative importance of location and non-location factors in the determination of residential land value by positing Onitsha, Nigeria as a case study. Eight hundred and fifty residential housing units were selected and questionnaire administered to the landlords through multi-stage sampling technique. The stepwise regression analysis results showed that non-location factors, especially, time of land purchase, contribute more to the variation in residential land values. The paper suggests the revision of the classical economic theories to represent the conditions of urban areas in developing countries .
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50478086)Tianjin Special Scientific Innovation Foundation (No.06FZZDSH00900)
文摘The water distribution system of one residential district in Tianjin is taken as an example to analyze the changes of water quality.Partial least squares(PLS) regression model,in which the turbidity and Fe are regarded as control objectives,is used to establish the statistical model.The experimental results indicate that the PLS regression model has good predicted results of water quality compared with the monitored data.The percentages of absolute relative error(below 15%,20%,30%) are 44.4%,66.7%,100%(turbidity) and 33.3%,44.4%,77.8%(Fe) on the 4th sampling point;77.8%,88.9%,88.9%(turbidity) and 44.4%,55.6%,66.7%(Fe) on the 5th sampling point.
