In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between...In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.展开更多
A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in al...A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma,and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color.Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O.fragrans.Ter...Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma,and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color.Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O.fragrans.Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in plants,with β-carotene(C40)being the major pigment substance and linalool(C10)being the key aromatic component in O.fragrans.The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase genes(GGPPSs)play important roles in secondary metabolism in plants.However,the functions of the GGPPS family in floral color and fragrance formation has rarely been reported in O.fragrans.In this study,24 Of GGPPS genes were identified and classified into two subfamilies.The Of GGPPSs showed tissue-specific expression and Of GGPPS13 had highest expression in flowers.The Of GGPPS13 protein was localized to chloroplasts.The transcriptome data of Of GGPPS13 was verified by q RT-PCR and the expression level in‘Wanyingui'with strong aroma was higher than that in‘Zhuangyuanhong'with deep color at different flower development stages.Transient overexpression of Of GGPPS13 in O.fragrans petals showed that Of GGPPS13 increased the β-carotene content,the main color substance of O.fragrans,but decreased the linalool content,the main volatile organic compound(VOC)in the floral aroma of O.fragrans.Of GGPPS13 was indicated as the critical gene related to terpenoid synthesis in the floral aroma and color formation in O.fragrans.Our findings provide gene resources on the GGPPS gene family for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the floral color and aroma formation in O.fragrans.展开更多
Image coloring is an inherently uncertain and multimodal problem.By inputting a grayscale image into a coloring network,visually plausible colored photos can be generated.Conventional methods primarily rely on semanti...Image coloring is an inherently uncertain and multimodal problem.By inputting a grayscale image into a coloring network,visually plausible colored photos can be generated.Conventional methods primarily rely on semantic information for image colorization.These methods still suffer from color contamination and semantic confusion.This is largely due to the limited capacity of convolutional neural networks to learn deep semantic information inherent in images effectively.In this paper,we propose a network structure that addresses these limitations by leveraging multi-level semantic information classification and fusion.Additionally,we introduce a global semantic fusion network to combat the issues of color contamination.The proposed coloring encoder accurately extracts object-level semantic information from images.To further enhance visual plausibility,we employ a self-supervised adversarial training method.We train the network structure on various datasets with varying amounts of data and evaluate its performance using the ImageNet validation set and COCO validation set.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can generate more realistic images compared to previous approaches,showcasing its high generalization ability.展开更多
In this paper an evaluation of the influence of luminance L* at the L*a*b* color space during color segmentation is presented. A comparative study is made between the behavior of segmentation in color images using onl...In this paper an evaluation of the influence of luminance L* at the L*a*b* color space during color segmentation is presented. A comparative study is made between the behavior of segmentation in color images using only the Euclidean metric of a* and b* and an adaptive color similarity function defined as a product of Gaussian functions in a modified HSI color space. For the evaluation synthetic images were particularly designed to accurately assess the performance of the color segmentation. The testing system can be used either to explore the behavior of a similarity function (or metric) in different color spaces or to explore different metrics (or similarity functions) in the same color space. From the results is obtained that the color parameters a* and b* are not independent of the luminance parameter L* as one might initially assume.展开更多
Full-color imaging is essential in digital pathology for accurate tissue analysis.Utilizing advanced optical modulation and phase retrieval algorithms,Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM)offers a powerful solution fo...Full-color imaging is essential in digital pathology for accurate tissue analysis.Utilizing advanced optical modulation and phase retrieval algorithms,Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM)offers a powerful solution for high-throughput digital pathology,combining high resolution,large field of view,and extended depth of field(DOF).However,the full-color capabilities of FPM are hindered by coherent color artifacts and reduced computational efficiency,which significantly limits its practical applications.Color-transferbased FPM(CFPM)has emerged as a potential solution,theoretically reducing both acquisition and reconstruction threefold time.Yet,existing methods fall short of achieving the desired reconstruction speed and colorization quality.In this study,we report a generalized dual-color-space constrained model for FPM colorization.This model provides a mathematical framework for model-based FPM colorization,enabling a closed-form solution without the need for redundant iterative calculations.Our approach,termed generalized CFPM(gCFPM),achieves colorization within seconds for megapixel-scale images,delivering superior colorization quality in terms of both colorfulness and sharpness,along with an extended DOF.Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that gCFPM surpasses state-of-the-art methods across all evaluated criteria.Our work offers a robust and comprehensive workflow for high-throughput full-color pathological imaging using FPM platforms,laying a solid foundation for future advancements in methodology and engineering.展开更多
The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expecta...The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expectations regarding skin appearance and health. These tools allow users to smooth skin textures, lighten skin tones, and erase imperfections, perpetuating Eurocentric beauty ideals that frequently marginalize the natural diversity of skin tones and textures. Consequently, individuals with skin of color may seek dermatological interventions—such as skin lightening treatments, aggressive acne scar revisions, and other cosmetic procedures—aimed at achieving appearances that align more closely with digitally manipulated images. This pursuit of an unattainable aesthetic can result in increased dissatisfaction with common skin conditions like hyperpigmentation and keloids, which are often misrepresented in edited photos. Additionally, the psychological impact of these alterations can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatologists face the dual challenge of addressing patients’ clinical needs while also managing their expectations shaped by digital enhancements. To combat this, it is essential for dermatologists to integrate patient education that emphasizes the beauty of diverse skin tones and the discrepancies between digital images and authentic skin health. By fostering an understanding of realistic outcomes and promoting the acceptance of natural skin characteristics, dermatologists can empower individuals with skin of color to prioritize authentic skin health over digitally influenced ideals, ultimately leading to more satisfying dermatological care and improved self-image.展开更多
Wenhao Wang and colleagues summarized the latest advancements in structural color research in Opto-Electronic Science. Their review explored the fundamental principles and fabrication methods of structural colors for ...Wenhao Wang and colleagues summarized the latest advancements in structural color research in Opto-Electronic Science. Their review explored the fundamental principles and fabrication methods of structural colors for photonic applications, including anti-counterfeiting, displays, sensors, and printing, along with their practical limitations. Recently, structural colors have received growing interest due to their advantages, including physical and chemical robustness, ecofriendliness, tunability, and high-resolution color.展开更多
The color cluster red,black and white occurs in the artistic,ritual and magical activities of virtually all cultures around the world,suggesting their preeminence in human symbolic thought.Among the various explanatio...The color cluster red,black and white occurs in the artistic,ritual and magical activities of virtually all cultures around the world,suggesting their preeminence in human symbolic thought.Among the various explanations that have been brought forth to account for the special status of these three colors are:1)evolutionary/ecological arguments,drawing support from vision science,perceptual philosophy and primate biology;2)cognitive arguments,which pay attention to how human beings categorize and create meaning out of perceptual experiences;3)linguistic arguments,as these are the earliest lexicalized color words in most languages;4)and diverse socio-cultural arguments.This paper will explore the manifestation of red,black and white–both in concrete terms,through the use and manipulation of materials,as well as abstract ideas–in Assyrian and Babylonian magical and ritual activities.It will highlight how meaning is created and communicated by relating colors to natural and supernatural phenomena and will further attempt to provide a methodological framework for the analysis of color symbolism.展开更多
Carotenoids are the largest group of natural pigments responsible for the yellow,orange,and red colors in plant kernels,fruits,and leaves(Gupta and Hirschberg,2021).In plants,carotenoids are involved in manybiological...Carotenoids are the largest group of natural pigments responsible for the yellow,orange,and red colors in plant kernels,fruits,and leaves(Gupta and Hirschberg,2021).In plants,carotenoids are involved in manybiological processes,such as acting as accessory light-harvesting pigments in photosynthesis,participating in photoprotection,and serving as precursors for the hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and strigolactones(Ruiz-Sola and Rodriguez-Concepcion,2012).展开更多
BACKGROUND Simultanagnosia is a neurological disorder that impairs an individual's ability to perceive more than one object at a time visually.While the individual may acknowledge the presence of multiple objects ...BACKGROUND Simultanagnosia is a neurological disorder that impairs an individual's ability to perceive more than one object at a time visually.While the individual may acknowledge the presence of multiple objects in his field of view,he cannot generally summarize the overall percept.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of simultanagnosia in Posterior Cortical Atrophy,evidenced by the Ishihara color test.A 54-year-old woman complained of reading problems despite normal visual acuity and a structural eye exam.The patient failed to identify any of the Ishihara color plates in either eye despite adequate naming of colors.Automated visual field testing showed a homonymous hemianopia.Structural and functional neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were consistent with posterior cortical atrophy.CONCLUSION Simultanagnosia can be tested with the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates because the recognition of embedded number patterns in the test requires appreciation of a collection of individual stimuli.展开更多
Plasmonic colors are attracting attention for their subwavelength small size,vibrant hues,and environmental sustainability beyond traditional pigments while suffering from angular and/or polarization dependency due to...Plasmonic colors are attracting attention for their subwavelength small size,vibrant hues,and environmental sustainability beyond traditional pigments while suffering from angular and/or polarization dependency due to distinct excitations of lattice resonances and/or surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs).Here,we demonstrate the sodium metasurface-based plasmonic color palettes with polarization-independent wide-view angle(approximately>〓〓60 deg in experiment and up to〓〓90 deg in theory)and single-particlelevel pixel size(down to∼60 nm)that integrate both pigment-like and structure coloring advantages,fabricated by the templated nanorod-pixelated solidification of wetted liquid metals.Such intriguing performances are mainly attributed to the particle plasmon dominant spectral response by steering the filling profile and thus the interplay between localized surface plasmons and SPPs.Combining low material cost,potentially scalable manufacturing process,and pronounced optical performance,the proposed sodium-based metasurfaces will provide a promising route for advanced color information technology.展开更多
Color Fourier single-pixel imaging(FSI)enables efficient spectral and spatial imaging.Here,we propose a Fourier single-pixel imaging scheme with a random color filter array(FSI-RCFA).The proposed method employs a rand...Color Fourier single-pixel imaging(FSI)enables efficient spectral and spatial imaging.Here,we propose a Fourier single-pixel imaging scheme with a random color filter array(FSI-RCFA).The proposed method employs a random color filter array(RCFA)to modulate Fourier patterns.A three-step phase-shifting technique reconstructs the Fourier spectrum,followed by an RCFA-based demosaicing algorithm to recover color images.Compared to traditional color FSI based on Bayer color filter array schemes(FSI-BCFA),our approach achieves superior separation between chrominance and luminance components in the frequency domain.Simulation results demonstrate that the FSI-RCFA method achieves a lower mean squared error(MSE),a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and superior noise resistance compared to FSI-BCFA,while enabling direct single-channel pixel measurements for targeted applications such as agricultural defect detection.展开更多
Phosphor-in-glass(PiG)films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance.Screen printing tec...Phosphor-in-glass(PiG)films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance.Screen printing technology was employed to investigate the correlation between the reflective layer thickness and light conversion efficiency.A multilayer-structured Y_(3)Al_(3.5)Ga_(1.5)O_(12):Ce^(3+)(YAGG:Ce)-PiGTiO_(2)-aluminium nitride(AIN)film(YG-TAF)converter was constructed by efficiently coupling the optimal thickness of the reflective layer with the PiG layer and the AIN substrate.Notably,the YG-TAF shows an impressive thermal conductivity of 22.6 W/(m·K)and a maximum anti-laser power of 15.84 W,demonstrating superb thermal regulation capability.This anti-laser power of 15.84 W represents a breakthrough in current static laser performance research.Impressively,an YG-TAF phosphor color wheel was designed,which achieves an ultra-high-brightness 4375 lm of green light under 450 nm,88 W laser power excitation,close to that of commercial phosphor silicone color wheels.This advancement not only demonstrates the excellent performance of YG-TAF in high-brightness dynamic reflective laser applications but also indicates its strong feasibility for practical implementation.Furthermore,the developed YAGG:Ce-Y_(1.31)Ce_(0.09)Gd_(1.6)Al_5O_(12)-TAF spliced phosphor color wheel successfully mitigates the influence of photon reabsorption and achieves a color rendering index of 80.5,showing great potential for advancement of the field of reflective white light laser illumination.展开更多
All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been ...All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been inevitable roadblocks.Herein,the bicolor PiGF containing green-emitting Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+(YAGG) and red-emitting CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)(CASN) phosphors bonded on Al2O3substrate was prepared for enabling high color quality laser-driven white lighting in reflective configuration.The bicolor PiGF has high quantum efficiency and good structure stability.By optimizing the CASN content,PiGF thickness and Al_(2)O_(3) content,the reflective bicolor PiGF based white laser diode(LD)displays good luminescence performance with a luminous flux of 451.5 lm and a luminous efficacy of142.3 lm/W and high color quality with a color rendering index(CRI) of 85.3 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5177 K under the incident laser power of 3.15 W,and still has excellent luminescence and color stabilities(CRI and CCT) under the continuous laser excitation of 5.61 W,attributed to the good thermal conductivity and high reflectivity of Al_(2)O_(3) substrate and scattering enhancement effect of Al_(2)O_(3) particles.It can be foreseen that the reflective bicolor PiGF converter provides a promising strategy for enabling high quality laser-driven white lighting.展开更多
Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,co...Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,counter-terrorism,firefighting,surveillance,and cargo transportation.While performing these tasks,quadrotors must operate in noisy environments.Therefore,a robust controller design that can control the altitude and attitude of the quadrotor in noisy environments is of great importance.Many researchers have focused only on white Gaussian noise in their studies,whereas researchers need to consider the effects of all colored noises during the operation of the quadrotor.This study aims to design a robust controller that is resistant to all colored noises.Firstly,a nonlinear quadrotormodel was created with MATLAB.Then,a backstepping controller resistant to colored noises was designed.Thedesigned backstepping controller was tested under Gaussian white,pink,brown,blue,and purple noises.PID and Lyapunov-based controller designswere also carried out,and their time responses(rise time,overshoot,settling time)were compared with those of the backstepping controller.In the simulations,time was in seconds,altitude was in meters,and roll,pitch,and yaw references were in radians.Rise and settling time values were in seconds,and overshoot value was in percent.When the obtained values are examined,simulations prove that the proposed backstepping controller has the least overshoot and the shortest settling time under all noise types.展开更多
文摘In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271210)the Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University(Grant No.Q202201).
文摘A t-tone coloring of a graph assigns t distinct colors to each vertex with vertices at distance d having fewer than d colors in common.The t-tone chromatic number of a graph is the smallest number of colors used in all t-tone colorings of that graph.In this article,we study t-tone coloring of some finite planar lattices and obtain exact formulas for their t-tone chromatic number.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071828 and 32471943)the Central Finance Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project,China(Su2024TG04)+1 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Chinapartly supported by the open funds of the National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,China。
文摘Osmanthus fragrans is most famous for its strong aroma,and different varieties have different degrees of fragrance and color.Fragrance and color are important factors affecting the ornamental quality of O.fragrans.Terpenoids are important secondary metabolites in plants,with β-carotene(C40)being the major pigment substance and linalool(C10)being the key aromatic component in O.fragrans.The geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase genes(GGPPSs)play important roles in secondary metabolism in plants.However,the functions of the GGPPS family in floral color and fragrance formation has rarely been reported in O.fragrans.In this study,24 Of GGPPS genes were identified and classified into two subfamilies.The Of GGPPSs showed tissue-specific expression and Of GGPPS13 had highest expression in flowers.The Of GGPPS13 protein was localized to chloroplasts.The transcriptome data of Of GGPPS13 was verified by q RT-PCR and the expression level in‘Wanyingui'with strong aroma was higher than that in‘Zhuangyuanhong'with deep color at different flower development stages.Transient overexpression of Of GGPPS13 in O.fragrans petals showed that Of GGPPS13 increased the β-carotene content,the main color substance of O.fragrans,but decreased the linalool content,the main volatile organic compound(VOC)in the floral aroma of O.fragrans.Of GGPPS13 was indicated as the critical gene related to terpenoid synthesis in the floral aroma and color formation in O.fragrans.Our findings provide gene resources on the GGPPS gene family for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the floral color and aroma formation in O.fragrans.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of Tianjin(Nos.24YFZCSN00030 and 24YFYSHZ00090)。
文摘Image coloring is an inherently uncertain and multimodal problem.By inputting a grayscale image into a coloring network,visually plausible colored photos can be generated.Conventional methods primarily rely on semantic information for image colorization.These methods still suffer from color contamination and semantic confusion.This is largely due to the limited capacity of convolutional neural networks to learn deep semantic information inherent in images effectively.In this paper,we propose a network structure that addresses these limitations by leveraging multi-level semantic information classification and fusion.Additionally,we introduce a global semantic fusion network to combat the issues of color contamination.The proposed coloring encoder accurately extracts object-level semantic information from images.To further enhance visual plausibility,we employ a self-supervised adversarial training method.We train the network structure on various datasets with varying amounts of data and evaluate its performance using the ImageNet validation set and COCO validation set.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can generate more realistic images compared to previous approaches,showcasing its high generalization ability.
文摘In this paper an evaluation of the influence of luminance L* at the L*a*b* color space during color segmentation is presented. A comparative study is made between the behavior of segmentation in color images using only the Euclidean metric of a* and b* and an adaptive color similarity function defined as a product of Gaussian functions in a modified HSI color space. For the evaluation synthetic images were particularly designed to accurately assess the performance of the color segmentation. The testing system can be used either to explore the behavior of a similarity function (or metric) in different color spaces or to explore different metrics (or similarity functions) in the same color space. From the results is obtained that the color parameters a* and b* are not independent of the luminance parameter L* as one might initially assume.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104500 and 82430062)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023-YBSF-263),the Shenzhen Engineering Research Centre(Grant No.XMHT20230115004)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.KCXFZ20201221173207022).
文摘Full-color imaging is essential in digital pathology for accurate tissue analysis.Utilizing advanced optical modulation and phase retrieval algorithms,Fourier ptychographic microscopy(FPM)offers a powerful solution for high-throughput digital pathology,combining high resolution,large field of view,and extended depth of field(DOF).However,the full-color capabilities of FPM are hindered by coherent color artifacts and reduced computational efficiency,which significantly limits its practical applications.Color-transferbased FPM(CFPM)has emerged as a potential solution,theoretically reducing both acquisition and reconstruction threefold time.Yet,existing methods fall short of achieving the desired reconstruction speed and colorization quality.In this study,we report a generalized dual-color-space constrained model for FPM colorization.This model provides a mathematical framework for model-based FPM colorization,enabling a closed-form solution without the need for redundant iterative calculations.Our approach,termed generalized CFPM(gCFPM),achieves colorization within seconds for megapixel-scale images,delivering superior colorization quality in terms of both colorfulness and sharpness,along with an extended DOF.Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that gCFPM surpasses state-of-the-art methods across all evaluated criteria.Our work offers a robust and comprehensive workflow for high-throughput full-color pathological imaging using FPM platforms,laying a solid foundation for future advancements in methodology and engineering.
文摘The pervasive use of photo editing applications such as Photoshop and FaceTune has significantly altered societal beauty standards, particularly for individuals with skin of color, often leading to unrealistic expectations regarding skin appearance and health. These tools allow users to smooth skin textures, lighten skin tones, and erase imperfections, perpetuating Eurocentric beauty ideals that frequently marginalize the natural diversity of skin tones and textures. Consequently, individuals with skin of color may seek dermatological interventions—such as skin lightening treatments, aggressive acne scar revisions, and other cosmetic procedures—aimed at achieving appearances that align more closely with digitally manipulated images. This pursuit of an unattainable aesthetic can result in increased dissatisfaction with common skin conditions like hyperpigmentation and keloids, which are often misrepresented in edited photos. Additionally, the psychological impact of these alterations can exacerbate feelings of inadequacy, contributing to conditions such as anxiety and body dysmorphic disorder. Dermatologists face the dual challenge of addressing patients’ clinical needs while also managing their expectations shaped by digital enhancements. To combat this, it is essential for dermatologists to integrate patient education that emphasizes the beauty of diverse skin tones and the discrepancies between digital images and authentic skin health. By fostering an understanding of realistic outcomes and promoting the acceptance of natural skin characteristics, dermatologists can empower individuals with skin of color to prioritize authentic skin health over digitally influenced ideals, ultimately leading to more satisfying dermatological care and improved self-image.
基金supported by the POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCOthe National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(RS-2022-NR067559,RS-2023-00302586)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Korean government.
文摘Wenhao Wang and colleagues summarized the latest advancements in structural color research in Opto-Electronic Science. Their review explored the fundamental principles and fabrication methods of structural colors for photonic applications, including anti-counterfeiting, displays, sensors, and printing, along with their practical limitations. Recently, structural colors have received growing interest due to their advantages, including physical and chemical robustness, ecofriendliness, tunability, and high-resolution color.
文摘The color cluster red,black and white occurs in the artistic,ritual and magical activities of virtually all cultures around the world,suggesting their preeminence in human symbolic thought.Among the various explanations that have been brought forth to account for the special status of these three colors are:1)evolutionary/ecological arguments,drawing support from vision science,perceptual philosophy and primate biology;2)cognitive arguments,which pay attention to how human beings categorize and create meaning out of perceptual experiences;3)linguistic arguments,as these are the earliest lexicalized color words in most languages;4)and diverse socio-cultural arguments.This paper will explore the manifestation of red,black and white–both in concrete terms,through the use and manipulation of materials,as well as abstract ideas–in Assyrian and Babylonian magical and ritual activities.It will highlight how meaning is created and communicated by relating colors to natural and supernatural phenomena and will further attempt to provide a methodological framework for the analysis of color symbolism.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200704-3)Crop Varietal Improvement and Insect Pests Control by Nuclear Radiation,the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program(2022NSFSC0018,2021YFYZ0011,2020YJ0249,MZGC20230108)the Biological Breeding Program of State Key of Sichuan Agricultural University(SKL-ZY202234).
文摘Carotenoids are the largest group of natural pigments responsible for the yellow,orange,and red colors in plant kernels,fruits,and leaves(Gupta and Hirschberg,2021).In plants,carotenoids are involved in manybiological processes,such as acting as accessory light-harvesting pigments in photosynthesis,participating in photoprotection,and serving as precursors for the hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and strigolactones(Ruiz-Sola and Rodriguez-Concepcion,2012).
文摘BACKGROUND Simultanagnosia is a neurological disorder that impairs an individual's ability to perceive more than one object at a time visually.While the individual may acknowledge the presence of multiple objects in his field of view,he cannot generally summarize the overall percept.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of simultanagnosia in Posterior Cortical Atrophy,evidenced by the Ishihara color test.A 54-year-old woman complained of reading problems despite normal visual acuity and a structural eye exam.The patient failed to identify any of the Ishihara color plates in either eye despite adequate naming of colors.Automated visual field testing showed a homonymous hemianopia.Structural and functional neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were consistent with posterior cortical atrophy.CONCLUSION Simultanagnosia can be tested with the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates because the recognition of embedded number patterns in the test requires appreciation of a collection of individual stimuli.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400700 and 2022YFA1404300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12022403 and 62375123)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20243009).
文摘Plasmonic colors are attracting attention for their subwavelength small size,vibrant hues,and environmental sustainability beyond traditional pigments while suffering from angular and/or polarization dependency due to distinct excitations of lattice resonances and/or surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs).Here,we demonstrate the sodium metasurface-based plasmonic color palettes with polarization-independent wide-view angle(approximately>〓〓60 deg in experiment and up to〓〓90 deg in theory)and single-particlelevel pixel size(down to∼60 nm)that integrate both pigment-like and structure coloring advantages,fabricated by the templated nanorod-pixelated solidification of wetted liquid metals.Such intriguing performances are mainly attributed to the particle plasmon dominant spectral response by steering the filling profile and thus the interplay between localized surface plasmons and SPPs.Combining low material cost,potentially scalable manufacturing process,and pronounced optical performance,the proposed sodium-based metasurfaces will provide a promising route for advanced color information technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62001249 and62375140)。
文摘Color Fourier single-pixel imaging(FSI)enables efficient spectral and spatial imaging.Here,we propose a Fourier single-pixel imaging scheme with a random color filter array(FSI-RCFA).The proposed method employs a random color filter array(RCFA)to modulate Fourier patterns.A three-step phase-shifting technique reconstructs the Fourier spectrum,followed by an RCFA-based demosaicing algorithm to recover color images.Compared to traditional color FSI based on Bayer color filter array schemes(FSI-BCFA),our approach achieves superior separation between chrominance and luminance components in the frequency domain.Simulation results demonstrate that the FSI-RCFA method achieves a lower mean squared error(MSE),a higher peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR),and superior noise resistance compared to FSI-BCFA,while enabling direct single-channel pixel measurements for targeted applications such as agricultural defect detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1237040868)。
文摘Phosphor-in-glass(PiG)films have emerged as the preferred conversion materials for high-brightness laser-driven lighting due to their excellent thermal conductivity and superior optical performance.Screen printing technology was employed to investigate the correlation between the reflective layer thickness and light conversion efficiency.A multilayer-structured Y_(3)Al_(3.5)Ga_(1.5)O_(12):Ce^(3+)(YAGG:Ce)-PiGTiO_(2)-aluminium nitride(AIN)film(YG-TAF)converter was constructed by efficiently coupling the optimal thickness of the reflective layer with the PiG layer and the AIN substrate.Notably,the YG-TAF shows an impressive thermal conductivity of 22.6 W/(m·K)and a maximum anti-laser power of 15.84 W,demonstrating superb thermal regulation capability.This anti-laser power of 15.84 W represents a breakthrough in current static laser performance research.Impressively,an YG-TAF phosphor color wheel was designed,which achieves an ultra-high-brightness 4375 lm of green light under 450 nm,88 W laser power excitation,close to that of commercial phosphor silicone color wheels.This advancement not only demonstrates the excellent performance of YG-TAF in high-brightness dynamic reflective laser applications but also indicates its strong feasibility for practical implementation.Furthermore,the developed YAGG:Ce-Y_(1.31)Ce_(0.09)Gd_(1.6)Al_5O_(12)-TAF spliced phosphor color wheel successfully mitigates the influence of photon reabsorption and achieves a color rendering index of 80.5,showing great potential for advancement of the field of reflective white light laser illumination.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Project of Shenzhen City (JSGG20210802154213040)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515010001)the Shenzhen Postdoctoral Research Funding Project。
文摘All-inorganic reflective phosphor-in-glass film(PiGF) converter has garnered widespread attentions for high brightness laser-driven white lighting,while its poor color quality and low luminescence stability have been inevitable roadblocks.Herein,the bicolor PiGF containing green-emitting Y3Al3.08Ga1.92O12:Ce3+(YAGG) and red-emitting CaAlSiN_(3):Eu^(2+)(CASN) phosphors bonded on Al2O3substrate was prepared for enabling high color quality laser-driven white lighting in reflective configuration.The bicolor PiGF has high quantum efficiency and good structure stability.By optimizing the CASN content,PiGF thickness and Al_(2)O_(3) content,the reflective bicolor PiGF based white laser diode(LD)displays good luminescence performance with a luminous flux of 451.5 lm and a luminous efficacy of142.3 lm/W and high color quality with a color rendering index(CRI) of 85.3 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5177 K under the incident laser power of 3.15 W,and still has excellent luminescence and color stabilities(CRI and CCT) under the continuous laser excitation of 5.61 W,attributed to the good thermal conductivity and high reflectivity of Al_(2)O_(3) substrate and scattering enhancement effect of Al_(2)O_(3) particles.It can be foreseen that the reflective bicolor PiGF converter provides a promising strategy for enabling high quality laser-driven white lighting.
文摘Advances in software and hardware technologies have facilitated the production of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).Nowadays,people actively use quadrotor UAVs in essential missions such as search and rescue,counter-terrorism,firefighting,surveillance,and cargo transportation.While performing these tasks,quadrotors must operate in noisy environments.Therefore,a robust controller design that can control the altitude and attitude of the quadrotor in noisy environments is of great importance.Many researchers have focused only on white Gaussian noise in their studies,whereas researchers need to consider the effects of all colored noises during the operation of the quadrotor.This study aims to design a robust controller that is resistant to all colored noises.Firstly,a nonlinear quadrotormodel was created with MATLAB.Then,a backstepping controller resistant to colored noises was designed.Thedesigned backstepping controller was tested under Gaussian white,pink,brown,blue,and purple noises.PID and Lyapunov-based controller designswere also carried out,and their time responses(rise time,overshoot,settling time)were compared with those of the backstepping controller.In the simulations,time was in seconds,altitude was in meters,and roll,pitch,and yaw references were in radians.Rise and settling time values were in seconds,and overshoot value was in percent.When the obtained values are examined,simulations prove that the proposed backstepping controller has the least overshoot and the shortest settling time under all noise types.
