Objectives:Loneliness among left-behind adolescents is the most frequently reported emotional problem because of parental neglect.The present study explored the relationship between maternal absence and adolescent lon...Objectives:Loneliness among left-behind adolescents is the most frequently reported emotional problem because of parental neglect.The present study explored the relationship between maternal absence and adolescent loneliness as well as its mechanisms.Methods:The study included 305 participants(Meanage=15.99±0.81,48.9%females)in southeast China,and constructed a chain mediation model to test the roles of rejection sensitivity and friendship quality.Parent absence types,rejection sensitivity,friendship quality,and adolescent loneliness were all assessed with questionnaires.Results:The results showed that adolescents with a mother absent(both-parent absent,mother-only absent)experienced higher levels of loneliness than those with a mother not absent(father-only absent,non-parent absent)(β=0.3137,95%CI[0.0849,0.5425],p<0.01).Besides,the mediating roles of rejection sensitivity(β=0.0344,95%CI[0.0020,0.0808])and friendship quality(β=0.1198,95%CI[0.0049,0.2428])and their chain mediating role were found significant between maternal absence and loneliness(β=0.0245,95%CI[0.0015,0.0575]).Conclusions:These findings have revealed the significant impact of maternal absence on adolescent loneliness and provide important practical implications for educators to reduce adolescent loneliness.展开更多
Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothird...Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothirds of older adults.Some profound health implications carried by loneliness include depression,cognitive impairment,hypertension and frailty.Across the world,there is no consensus definition of loneliness,and its measure is based on the phenomenological perspective of the individual.The 20-item University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3(UCLA-20)is the most common measure.This scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties but is too long and complex for a phone interview.This paper addresses the increasing need to shorten this scale by adopting classical item response theory and network psychometrics to advance scale development.Through an item reduction analysis,we trimmed the original scale into an effective short form,which is as valid as the original one.With respondents’time at a premium in most research nowadays,this shortform scale is an efficient and practical alternative to the original UCLA-20.展开更多
This literature review explores the complex relationship between loneliness and mortality,emphasizing its eff ects on physical and mental health across diff erent age groups.Drawing on studies from both Western and As...This literature review explores the complex relationship between loneliness and mortality,emphasizing its eff ects on physical and mental health across diff erent age groups.Drawing on studies from both Western and Asian contexts,the review highlights that loneliness contributes to increased risks of depression,cardiovascular diseases,substance abuse,and ultimately premature death,particularly among the elderly.It investigates how social relationships,living arrangements,cultural traditions,and institutional frameworks shape the experience of loneliness and its health outcomes.While some findings suggest a direct correlation between loneliness and mortality,others point to mediating factors such as health behavior and access to social or religious support.The paper also examines intervention strategies and proposes that targeted community-based programs and educational engagement may mitigate loneliness-related health risks.The fi ndings underscore the need for more cross-cultural,longitudinal studies and policy-level interventions.展开更多
Background:Loneliness is a common experience for pregnant women and correlates with perinatal depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy are at greater risk for loneliness beca...Background:Loneliness is a common experience for pregnant women and correlates with perinatal depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy are at greater risk for loneliness because of uncertainty with disease and the medicalization of pregnancy.International studies have identified an association between perceived stress and loneliness in pregnant women.The aim of this study is to explore factors related to loneliness among women of high-risk pregnancy,and to examine the associated relationship of loneliness and perceived stress.Methods:Using convenience sampling,109 women with high-risk pregnancies were enrolled.Data collection involved questionnaires on general demographic characteristics,the 6-item Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),and the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS-14).Data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 statistical software.Results:The mean loneliness score was 9.95±2.99,and the mean perceived stress score was 22.84±5.80.Women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited statistically significant differences in loneliness scores compared to the control group across among age,marital status,educational attainment,per capita monthly household income,spousal relationship,in-law relationship,and parental relationship(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between loneliness and perceived stress(r=0.456,P<0.01).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that per capita monthly household income,marital relationship,in-law relationship,and perceived stress were the primary factors influencing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results highlight the need for specific interventions addressing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies.Such interventions should focus on improving spousal and in-law relationships,reducing perceived stress,and implementing support measures,such as financial counseling or assistance programs,for those with lower per capita household income.This study establishes a foundation for the creation of integrated support systems that bring together families and healthcare providers to strengthen maternal mental health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Excessive video game use,recognized as internet gaming disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition and Gaming Disorder in International Classification of Diseases,11th Re...BACKGROUND Excessive video game use,recognized as internet gaming disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition and Gaming Disorder in International Classification of Diseases,11th Revision,has raised concerns regarding its effects on individuals’social well-being.AIM To analyze the association between internet gaming disorder and social interaction across Western and Asian populations.METHODS The review examined 14 observational studies published between 2000 and 2025.It assessed the frequency and quality of face-to-face interactions,the shift towards online socialization,and the methodological quality of the included studies.RESULTS The findings generally indicate that gaming addiction is associated with a decrease in the frequency of offline social interaction.Addicted gamers reported spending less time with family and friends and experiencing increased isolation.Furthermore,the quality of social relationships appeared poorer,with addicted gamers reporting higher levels of loneliness,lower social support,and decreased relationship satisfaction.While online social interactions increased,they did not fully compensate for the loss of real-world connections.CONCLUSION This review highlights the potential of gaming addiction to negatively impact overall social lives,emphasizing the necessity for interventions focused on promoting real-world social engagement.展开更多
We investigated factors contributing to Internet addiction in 105 Japanese medical students. The subjects were administered by a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate demographic factors, Internet addictio...We investigated factors contributing to Internet addiction in 105 Japanese medical students. The subjects were administered by a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate demographic factors, Internet addiction, loneliness, health-related lifestyle factors, depressive state, patterns of behavior, and mobile phone dependence. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that loneliness and mobile phone dependence were positively related to degree of addiction. Our findings suggest that Internet addiction is associated with loneliness and mobile phone dependence in Japanese students.展开更多
Objective Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation(SI)with ischemic heart disease(IHD),with unknown mediators.Methods Using data from genome-wide association studies...Objective Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation(SI)with ischemic heart disease(IHD),with unknown mediators.Methods Using data from genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry,we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization(MR)study to estimate causal effects of loneliness(N=487,647)and SI traits on IHD(N=184,305).SI traits included whether individuals lived alone,participated in various types of social activities,and how often they had contact with friends or family(N=459,830 to 461,369).A network MR study was conducted to evaluate the mediating roles of 20 candidate mediators,including metabolic,behavioral and psychological factors.Results Loneliness increased IHD risk(OR=2.129;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.380 to 3.285),mediated by body fat percentage,waist-hip ratio,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.For SI traits,only fewer social activities increased IHD risk(OR=1.815;95%CI:1.189 to 2.772),mediated by hypertension,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,fasting insulin,and smoking cessation.No reverse causality of IHD with loneliness and SI was found.Conclusion These findings suggested more attention should be paid to individuals who feel lonely and have fewer social activities to prevent IHD,with several mediators as prioritized targets for intervention.展开更多
In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools ...In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools in rural areas of Zhejiang Province in China who completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between social anxiety and loneliness, and these variables had a significant negative relationship with positive coping style and a significant positive relationship with negative coping style. Furthermore, the left-behind children’s social anxiety, coping style and loneliness were different within specific demographic groups, such as gender, only child status and different type of parental work. Also negative coping style moderated the association between loneliness and social anxiety, so that children who were more likely to use negative coping strategies showed a stronger relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Finally, the left-behind children’s social anxiety not only directly predicted their loneliness, but also had an indirect effect mediated by their copying style.展开更多
Objectives Few studies have investigated longitudinal associations of loneliness with health outcomes in Africa.This study aimed to assess the longitudinal associations between loneliness and mental and physical healt...Objectives Few studies have investigated longitudinal associations of loneliness with health outcomes in Africa.This study aimed to assess the longitudinal associations between loneliness and mental and physical health among aging adults in South Africa.Methods Data from the 7-year longitudinal Health and Ageing in Africa(HAALSI)study conducted in South Africa were used in the analysis(analytic sample:n=3707,aged 40 years and older).Loneliness was measured with one question.Longitudinal relationships between loneliness and each health outcome were estimated using Generalized Estimating Equations analysis(GEE),hazard ratios(HRs)(95%CI)were used to determine the relationship between loneliness and 7-year mortality in the entire sample,and correlations between incident health outcomes and loneliness were evaluated using logistic regressions.Results The prevalence of loneliness was 12.1%in 2015,16.9%in 2019,and 16.3%in 2022.Multivariable analysis showed that loneliness was positively associated with the prevalence and/or incidence of four poor mental health indicators(e.g.,poor sleep quality,AOR=1.53,95%CI:1.30–1.80),four physical ill-health indicators(e.g.,incident kidney disease,AOR=2.50,95%CI:1.41–4.42),mortality(Hazard Ratio=1.20,95%CI=1.04–1.39),and three poor behavioral health indicators(e.g.,current tobacco use,AOR=1.21,95%CI=1.04–1.42).Conclusion The study discovered that several outcomes related to mental,physical,and behavioral health were associated with loneliness.Enhancing the detection and management of loneliness could lower mental and physical illness in aging adults in South Africa.展开更多
BACKGROUND Older adults have been considered a primary at-risk population during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and many efforts have been and still are directed toward supporting them and enhancing th...BACKGROUND Older adults have been considered a primary at-risk population during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and many efforts have been and still are directed toward supporting them and enhancing their capacity to cope with the pandemic.Evidence shows that by enhancing proactive coping abilities through psychological interventions,in which cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques are taught and practiced effectively,these interventions have supported older adults throughout the pandemic.However,the underlying mechanisms by which specific intervention components affect various mental states such as distress,depression and loneliness among older adults remain unclear and warrant investigation.AIM To determine the effect of an intervention using cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques on changes in distress,depression and loneliness.METHODS We performed a secondary analysis on data from a previous study in which community-dwelling older adults attended a short-term,internet-based intervention during the first COVID-19 wave in Israel.The intervention included seven sessions during which various cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques were learned and practiced.In-session changes in psychological distress were measured using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale(SUDS),which participants rated at the beginning and end of each session.Participants also filled out questionnaires that evaluated levels of depression[Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)]and loneliness(UCLA loneliness Scale)prior to and after the entire intervention process.The effect of in-session changes in the SUDS on changes in post-intervention depression and loneliness levels were assessed,as a proxy for distinct technique effectiveness.RESULTS The findings indicated in-session differences in terms of a decrease in psychological distress(SUDS).Sessions that included relaxation exercises and guided imagery,as well as sessions that included cognitive restructuring and mindfulness meditation,demonstrated the largest decreases in in-session psychological distress(≥35%).Two multivariate regression models,one for levels of post-intervention depression(PHQ-9 score)and the other for levels of post-intervention loneliness(UCLA loneliness score),were fitted.The results revealed two statistically significant explanatory variables for depression:The SUDS difference for sessions in which cognitive restructuring and mindfulness meditation were practiced,beta=-0.25,95%CI:-1.23 to-0.1,and the pre-intervention level of depression,beta=0.62,95%CI:0.37-0.75.The second model for loneliness revealed only one significant explanatory variable:The SUDS difference for sessions in which relaxation and guided imagery were practiced,beta=0.41,95%CI:0.14-0.65.CONCLUSION Different psychological techniques seem to have different effects on distress,loneliness and depression.Understanding the pathways by which distinct techniques affect negative mental symptoms has implications for future intervention design.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and test a conceptual model that explains the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity(PA), and quality of life(QoL) among acti...Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and test a conceptual model that explains the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity(PA), and quality of life(QoL) among active older adults in South Korea.Methods: Data were collected from 332 individuals over the age of 65 using a systematic stratified convenience sampling method. Survey data were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model(SEM).Results: Perceived social support had a significantly positive effect on PA(b = 0.14, p < 0.01) and QoL(b = 0.28, p < 0.001) while decreasing loneliness(b = —0.55, p < 0.001). PA had a significant positive effect on QoL(b = 0.12, p < 0.01), and loneliness had a negative effect on QoL(b = —0.37, p < 0.001). Loneliness mediated the relationship between perceived social support and QoL.Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model that explained the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, PA, and QoL among active older adults in South Korea. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating social support mechanisms for PA interventions in order to enhance QoL. The findings of this study can help create more effective health and physical education programs for the older generations in South Korea to enhance their QoL.展开更多
Background:To understand the current situation of loneliness and dementia fear among elderly people in the community;Analyze the influencing factors and clarify the correlation between the two.Methods:Through convenie...Background:To understand the current situation of loneliness and dementia fear among elderly people in the community;Analyze the influencing factors and clarify the correlation between the two.Methods:Through convenience sampling,228 elderly people were selected as the research subjects,and the general demographic characteristics questionnaire,elderly loneliness scale,dementia fear scale,and simplified intelligence status check scale were used for investigation.SPSS 28.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:The total score of loneliness was 96.21±21.83 points,and the total score of dementia fear was 59.34±13.50 points.There were statistically significant differences in dementia fear scores among elderly people in the community in terms of age,gender,marital status,family history of dementia,and number of chronic diseases(P<0.05).Person correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the total score of dementia fear and loneliness in elderly people in the community(r=0.162,P<0.05).Conclusion:The level of loneliness and dementia fear among elderly people in the community is at a moderate level.Age,gender,marital status,family history of dementia,and number of chronic diseases are important influencing factors of dementia fear among elderly people in the community.The sense of loneliness among elderly people in the community is positively correlated with dementia fear,meaning that the greater the degree of loneliness,the higher the degree of dementia fear among elderly people in the community.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused confusion and upset in many areas of life,resulting in humanity’s rapid adjustment to changes to contain the virus.The high infection rates have stipulated many governments to introdu...The COVID-19 pandemic has caused confusion and upset in many areas of life,resulting in humanity’s rapid adjustment to changes to contain the virus.The high infection rates have stipulated many governments to introduce severe restrictions on individual freedoms to minimize broader contagion.These strict hygienic protocols have disrupted the daily routines of many people of all ages,especially third-age citizens.The elderly,one of the most vulnerable sections of the population,seem to be paying the highest toll in terms of contagion and deaths.In this study we aim to investigate the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic contagion measures have impacted the loneliness and anxiety levels of third-age citizens(65+)in Cyprus and Greece and to explore the potential role of counseling in improving their psychological well-being.Quarantine and social isolation measures have eliminated the social life of senior citizens,creating the potential for loneliness and anxiety symptoms making the need for supportive mechanisms,e.g.,through counseling,even more imminent.Our research is quantitative.We collected data through an online survey that included the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale.Our sample consisted of 156 Greeks and Cypriots of both genders aged 65-85 years old.Findings indicated very high levels of anxiety and loneliness,with values on both scales rising above average.Only a tiny percentage of third-age citizens were able to access counseling services during the social isolation measures.展开更多
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the development of LISTEN (Loneliness Intervention using Story Theory to Enhance Nursing-sensitive outcomes), a new intervention for loneliness. Methods: LISTEN was dev...Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the development of LISTEN (Loneliness Intervention using Story Theory to Enhance Nursing-sensitive outcomes), a new intervention for loneliness. Methods: LISTEN was developed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for intervention development. Extensive literature review revealed that belonging, relating, placing in community, challenges, and meanings of coping were concepts significant to loneliness. Past interventions were limited but it was determined from a recent meta-analysis that enhanced effectiveness might result from interventions that targeted the poorly adapted cognitive processes of loneliness. These processes include social undesirability, stigma, and negative thoughts about self in relation to others. LISTEN is designed to be delivered in a determined logical sequence of 5 sessions, each focusing on the concepts relevant to loneliness as derived from the literature. For each session, intervention delivery is guided by the concepts from story theory (including intentional dialogue, nurse as listener, examination of self in relation to others and community, synthesizing concerns and patterns, and identifying messages) and the principles of cognitive restructuring (self-assessment of maladaptive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, identifying challenges of changing, reconceptualization of self, new skill acquisition through group interaction, and identifying patterns of meaning in loneliness). Results: LISTEN is developed and the first randomized trial is complete with a sample of 27 lonely, chronically ill, community dwelling, and older adults. LISTEN was evaluated as feasible to deliver by the study team and acceptable for significantly diminishing loneliness by participants of the LISTEN groups who were compared to attention control groups (p < 0.5). Conclusions: LISTEN has the potential to enhance health by diminishing loneliness which could result in improving the long-term negative known sequelae of loneliness. Future longitudinal randomized trials are needed in varied populations to assess long term health and healthcare system benefit of using LISTEN to treat loneliness.展开更多
Pets’ growing role in family dynamics creates questions about resources pets may provide in parenthood motivation. Pet ownership has been suggested in the literature as an antecedent to parenthood in terms of develop...Pets’ growing role in family dynamics creates questions about resources pets may provide in parenthood motivation. Pet ownership has been suggested in the literature as an antecedent to parenthood in terms of developing skills needed to rear offspring, nurturance, and responsibility. Participants (N = 118) who were pet owners, completed an online survey that recorded demographics and consisted of loneliness, pet attitude, and parenthood motivation scales. Results supported that loneliness and pet attitude were positively related to parenthood motivation (all p’s < 0.05). Loneliness and parenthood motivation did not vary by pet species. Pet attitude varied by pet species;dog owners had the most positive attitude. Pets were shown to be a valuable resource in alleviating feelings of loneliness and parenthood preparation in this sample. Implications for nursing practice and future research are discussed.展开更多
Internet addiction （IA） is a newly emerged clinical disorder and it has negative effects on physical and mental health. University students are the most vulnerable group for IA, The aim of the present study was to d...Internet addiction （IA） is a newly emerged clinical disorder and it has negative effects on physical and mental health. University students are the most vulnerable group for IA, The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of IA with depression, loneliness and health related lifestyle among university students. Cross-sectional survey was conducted by enrolling 175 students of Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Internet addiction test （IAT） was used to assess the level of IA. Depression, loneliness, and health related lifestyle were assessed using Peradeniya depression scale （PDS）, University of California at Los Angeles （UCLA） loneliness scale and health practice score （HPS） respectively. T-test and ANOVA were conducted to examine the differences; and correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between variables. Overall, 40.6% of students were placed in IA group. Generally 28.6% of students had mild and 12.0% had moderate addiction. No case of severe IA was seen. There were 20.6% of students in depressive state and 17.1% of students had poor HPS. The average score that the student got from loneliness scale was 23.42. There was a positive significant correlation between IA and both depression and loneliness. Moreover, a negative significant correlation found between IA and health related lifestyle. Male students had higher IA scores than female students. The study results are considered to develop preventive interventions and treatment strategies.展开更多
This study examined the moderating effects of parent-child,same-sex,opposite-sex and teacher-student relation-ships between sibling status and loneliness during COVID-19.A total of 1,591 adolescents in China completed...This study examined the moderating effects of parent-child,same-sex,opposite-sex and teacher-student relation-ships between sibling status and loneliness during COVID-19.A total of 1,591 adolescents in China completed the study questionnaires which assessed the aforementioned variables.The results showed that same-sex and teacher-student relationships moderated the association between sibling status and loneliness.The results indicated that among participants with good same-sex relationships during COVID-19,compared to non-only-children parti-cipants,the only-children participants were more likely to experience a lower level of loneliness.However,parti-cipants with poor same-sex relationships experienced similar level of loneliness regardless of whether they had siblings.Thesefindings would be helpful for parents,teachers,and other stakeholders to take effective measures to reduce loneliness feelings among Chinese adolescents.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively ex...BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively exploring the factors influencing adolescent and the mechanism of addiction as well as promoting adolescent physical and mental health and academic development are priorities that families,schools,and society urgently need to address.AIM To explore the effect of childhood trauma on adolescent IA and to consider the roles of loneliness and negative coping styles.METHODS A total of 11310 students from six junior high schools in Henan,China,completed the child trauma questionnaire,IA test,loneliness scale,and simple coping style questionnaire.In addition,data were collected from 1044 adolescents with child-hood trauma for analysis with IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0;we examined the relationships among childhood trauma,IA,loneliness,and negative coping styles.RESULTS We found that childhood trauma not only directly affected adolescents’IA but also affected IA through loneliness and negative coping styles.CONCLUSION Therefore,this study has theoretical implications regarding adolescent mental health and may inform interventions for IA.展开更多
Arthur Miller is one of the representatives of American playwrights in 1940 s. Miller's contribution to modern drama lies in making a good expression of the common's tragedy in his drama. Thus he is called as&...Arthur Miller is one of the representatives of American playwrights in 1940 s. Miller's contribution to modern drama lies in making a good expression of the common's tragedy in his drama. Thus he is called as"an American Ibsenian playwright". The Death of a Salesman, Miller's masterwork, presents a society in pursuit of"success". In it, the hero is just a poor man with failures, and his disillusionment of dream ends up with his tragic death. This thesis primarily summarizes the former studies of the Death of a Salesman, and from a novel prospective, focuses on exploring the reasons and results of the hero's loneliness, so as to further the study of the tragic spirit in it.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171069).
文摘Objectives:Loneliness among left-behind adolescents is the most frequently reported emotional problem because of parental neglect.The present study explored the relationship between maternal absence and adolescent loneliness as well as its mechanisms.Methods:The study included 305 participants(Meanage=15.99±0.81,48.9%females)in southeast China,and constructed a chain mediation model to test the roles of rejection sensitivity and friendship quality.Parent absence types,rejection sensitivity,friendship quality,and adolescent loneliness were all assessed with questionnaires.Results:The results showed that adolescents with a mother absent(both-parent absent,mother-only absent)experienced higher levels of loneliness than those with a mother not absent(father-only absent,non-parent absent)(β=0.3137,95%CI[0.0849,0.5425],p<0.01).Besides,the mediating roles of rejection sensitivity(β=0.0344,95%CI[0.0020,0.0808])and friendship quality(β=0.1198,95%CI[0.0049,0.2428])and their chain mediating role were found significant between maternal absence and loneliness(β=0.0245,95%CI[0.0015,0.0575]).Conclusions:These findings have revealed the significant impact of maternal absence on adolescent loneliness and provide important practical implications for educators to reduce adolescent loneliness.
文摘Loneliness is a complex and usually unpleasant emotional response to isolation,which has been considered the latest global health epidemic exacerbated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,affecting nearly twothirds of older adults.Some profound health implications carried by loneliness include depression,cognitive impairment,hypertension and frailty.Across the world,there is no consensus definition of loneliness,and its measure is based on the phenomenological perspective of the individual.The 20-item University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3(UCLA-20)is the most common measure.This scale demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties but is too long and complex for a phone interview.This paper addresses the increasing need to shorten this scale by adopting classical item response theory and network psychometrics to advance scale development.Through an item reduction analysis,we trimmed the original scale into an effective short form,which is as valid as the original one.With respondents’time at a premium in most research nowadays,this shortform scale is an efficient and practical alternative to the original UCLA-20.
文摘This literature review explores the complex relationship between loneliness and mortality,emphasizing its eff ects on physical and mental health across diff erent age groups.Drawing on studies from both Western and Asian contexts,the review highlights that loneliness contributes to increased risks of depression,cardiovascular diseases,substance abuse,and ultimately premature death,particularly among the elderly.It investigates how social relationships,living arrangements,cultural traditions,and institutional frameworks shape the experience of loneliness and its health outcomes.While some findings suggest a direct correlation between loneliness and mortality,others point to mediating factors such as health behavior and access to social or religious support.The paper also examines intervention strategies and proposes that targeted community-based programs and educational engagement may mitigate loneliness-related health risks.The fi ndings underscore the need for more cross-cultural,longitudinal studies and policy-level interventions.
文摘Background:Loneliness is a common experience for pregnant women and correlates with perinatal depression and negative pregnancy outcomes.Women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy are at greater risk for loneliness because of uncertainty with disease and the medicalization of pregnancy.International studies have identified an association between perceived stress and loneliness in pregnant women.The aim of this study is to explore factors related to loneliness among women of high-risk pregnancy,and to examine the associated relationship of loneliness and perceived stress.Methods:Using convenience sampling,109 women with high-risk pregnancies were enrolled.Data collection involved questionnaires on general demographic characteristics,the 6-item Loneliness Scale(ULS-6),and the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS-14).Data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0 statistical software.Results:The mean loneliness score was 9.95±2.99,and the mean perceived stress score was 22.84±5.80.Women with high-risk pregnancies exhibited statistically significant differences in loneliness scores compared to the control group across among age,marital status,educational attainment,per capita monthly household income,spousal relationship,in-law relationship,and parental relationship(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between loneliness and perceived stress(r=0.456,P<0.01).Multivariate regression analysis indicated that per capita monthly household income,marital relationship,in-law relationship,and perceived stress were the primary factors influencing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies(P<0.05).Conclusion:The results highlight the need for specific interventions addressing loneliness among women with high-risk pregnancies.Such interventions should focus on improving spousal and in-law relationships,reducing perceived stress,and implementing support measures,such as financial counseling or assistance programs,for those with lower per capita household income.This study establishes a foundation for the creation of integrated support systems that bring together families and healthcare providers to strengthen maternal mental health.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea Funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287。
文摘BACKGROUND Excessive video game use,recognized as internet gaming disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition and Gaming Disorder in International Classification of Diseases,11th Revision,has raised concerns regarding its effects on individuals’social well-being.AIM To analyze the association between internet gaming disorder and social interaction across Western and Asian populations.METHODS The review examined 14 observational studies published between 2000 and 2025.It assessed the frequency and quality of face-to-face interactions,the shift towards online socialization,and the methodological quality of the included studies.RESULTS The findings generally indicate that gaming addiction is associated with a decrease in the frequency of offline social interaction.Addicted gamers reported spending less time with family and friends and experiencing increased isolation.Furthermore,the quality of social relationships appeared poorer,with addicted gamers reporting higher levels of loneliness,lower social support,and decreased relationship satisfaction.While online social interactions increased,they did not fully compensate for the loss of real-world connections.CONCLUSION This review highlights the potential of gaming addiction to negatively impact overall social lives,emphasizing the necessity for interventions focused on promoting real-world social engagement.
文摘We investigated factors contributing to Internet addiction in 105 Japanese medical students. The subjects were administered by a self-reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate demographic factors, Internet addiction, loneliness, health-related lifestyle factors, depressive state, patterns of behavior, and mobile phone dependence. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that loneliness and mobile phone dependence were positively related to degree of addiction. Our findings suggest that Internet addiction is associated with loneliness and mobile phone dependence in Japanese students.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82322059)the Chinese Academy of Medical·Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-010)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2500500)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2023-GSPRC-19).
文摘Objective Observational studies have shown inconsistent associations of loneliness or social isolation(SI)with ischemic heart disease(IHD),with unknown mediators.Methods Using data from genome-wide association studies of predominantly European ancestry,we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization(MR)study to estimate causal effects of loneliness(N=487,647)and SI traits on IHD(N=184,305).SI traits included whether individuals lived alone,participated in various types of social activities,and how often they had contact with friends or family(N=459,830 to 461,369).A network MR study was conducted to evaluate the mediating roles of 20 candidate mediators,including metabolic,behavioral and psychological factors.Results Loneliness increased IHD risk(OR=2.129;95%confidence interval[CI]:1.380 to 3.285),mediated by body fat percentage,waist-hip ratio,total cholesterol,and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.For SI traits,only fewer social activities increased IHD risk(OR=1.815;95%CI:1.189 to 2.772),mediated by hypertension,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides,fasting insulin,and smoking cessation.No reverse causality of IHD with loneliness and SI was found.Conclusion These findings suggested more attention should be paid to individuals who feel lonely and have fewer social activities to prevent IHD,with several mediators as prioritized targets for intervention.
文摘In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools in rural areas of Zhejiang Province in China who completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between social anxiety and loneliness, and these variables had a significant negative relationship with positive coping style and a significant positive relationship with negative coping style. Furthermore, the left-behind children’s social anxiety, coping style and loneliness were different within specific demographic groups, such as gender, only child status and different type of parental work. Also negative coping style moderated the association between loneliness and social anxiety, so that children who were more likely to use negative coping strategies showed a stronger relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Finally, the left-behind children’s social anxiety not only directly predicted their loneliness, but also had an indirect effect mediated by their copying style.
基金HAALSI(Health and Aging in Africa:A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa)is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging(grant number 5P01AG041710-05)and is conducted by the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies in Partnership with Witwatersrand UniversityThe Agincourt HDSS was supported by the Wellcome Trust,UK(058893/Z/99/A,069683/Z/02/Z,085477/Z/08/Z and085477/B/08/Z),the University of the Witwatersrand and South African Medical Research Council.
文摘Objectives Few studies have investigated longitudinal associations of loneliness with health outcomes in Africa.This study aimed to assess the longitudinal associations between loneliness and mental and physical health among aging adults in South Africa.Methods Data from the 7-year longitudinal Health and Ageing in Africa(HAALSI)study conducted in South Africa were used in the analysis(analytic sample:n=3707,aged 40 years and older).Loneliness was measured with one question.Longitudinal relationships between loneliness and each health outcome were estimated using Generalized Estimating Equations analysis(GEE),hazard ratios(HRs)(95%CI)were used to determine the relationship between loneliness and 7-year mortality in the entire sample,and correlations between incident health outcomes and loneliness were evaluated using logistic regressions.Results The prevalence of loneliness was 12.1%in 2015,16.9%in 2019,and 16.3%in 2022.Multivariable analysis showed that loneliness was positively associated with the prevalence and/or incidence of four poor mental health indicators(e.g.,poor sleep quality,AOR=1.53,95%CI:1.30–1.80),four physical ill-health indicators(e.g.,incident kidney disease,AOR=2.50,95%CI:1.41–4.42),mortality(Hazard Ratio=1.20,95%CI=1.04–1.39),and three poor behavioral health indicators(e.g.,current tobacco use,AOR=1.21,95%CI=1.04–1.42).Conclusion The study discovered that several outcomes related to mental,physical,and behavioral health were associated with loneliness.Enhancing the detection and management of loneliness could lower mental and physical illness in aging adults in South Africa.
文摘BACKGROUND Older adults have been considered a primary at-risk population during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and many efforts have been and still are directed toward supporting them and enhancing their capacity to cope with the pandemic.Evidence shows that by enhancing proactive coping abilities through psychological interventions,in which cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques are taught and practiced effectively,these interventions have supported older adults throughout the pandemic.However,the underlying mechanisms by which specific intervention components affect various mental states such as distress,depression and loneliness among older adults remain unclear and warrant investigation.AIM To determine the effect of an intervention using cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques on changes in distress,depression and loneliness.METHODS We performed a secondary analysis on data from a previous study in which community-dwelling older adults attended a short-term,internet-based intervention during the first COVID-19 wave in Israel.The intervention included seven sessions during which various cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness techniques were learned and practiced.In-session changes in psychological distress were measured using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale(SUDS),which participants rated at the beginning and end of each session.Participants also filled out questionnaires that evaluated levels of depression[Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)]and loneliness(UCLA loneliness Scale)prior to and after the entire intervention process.The effect of in-session changes in the SUDS on changes in post-intervention depression and loneliness levels were assessed,as a proxy for distinct technique effectiveness.RESULTS The findings indicated in-session differences in terms of a decrease in psychological distress(SUDS).Sessions that included relaxation exercises and guided imagery,as well as sessions that included cognitive restructuring and mindfulness meditation,demonstrated the largest decreases in in-session psychological distress(≥35%).Two multivariate regression models,one for levels of post-intervention depression(PHQ-9 score)and the other for levels of post-intervention loneliness(UCLA loneliness score),were fitted.The results revealed two statistically significant explanatory variables for depression:The SUDS difference for sessions in which cognitive restructuring and mindfulness meditation were practiced,beta=-0.25,95%CI:-1.23 to-0.1,and the pre-intervention level of depression,beta=0.62,95%CI:0.37-0.75.The second model for loneliness revealed only one significant explanatory variable:The SUDS difference for sessions in which relaxation and guided imagery were practiced,beta=0.41,95%CI:0.14-0.65.CONCLUSION Different psychological techniques seem to have different effects on distress,loneliness and depression.Understanding the pathways by which distinct techniques affect negative mental symptoms has implications for future intervention design.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose and test a conceptual model that explains the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity(PA), and quality of life(QoL) among active older adults in South Korea.Methods: Data were collected from 332 individuals over the age of 65 using a systematic stratified convenience sampling method. Survey data were collected and analyzed using a structural equation model(SEM).Results: Perceived social support had a significantly positive effect on PA(b = 0.14, p < 0.01) and QoL(b = 0.28, p < 0.001) while decreasing loneliness(b = —0.55, p < 0.001). PA had a significant positive effect on QoL(b = 0.12, p < 0.01), and loneliness had a negative effect on QoL(b = —0.37, p < 0.001). Loneliness mediated the relationship between perceived social support and QoL.Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model that explained the interrelationships among perceived social support, loneliness, PA, and QoL among active older adults in South Korea. These findings suggest the importance of incorporating social support mechanisms for PA interventions in order to enhance QoL. The findings of this study can help create more effective health and physical education programs for the older generations in South Korea to enhance their QoL.
文摘Background:To understand the current situation of loneliness and dementia fear among elderly people in the community;Analyze the influencing factors and clarify the correlation between the two.Methods:Through convenience sampling,228 elderly people were selected as the research subjects,and the general demographic characteristics questionnaire,elderly loneliness scale,dementia fear scale,and simplified intelligence status check scale were used for investigation.SPSS 28.0 statistical software was used for data analysis.Results:The total score of loneliness was 96.21±21.83 points,and the total score of dementia fear was 59.34±13.50 points.There were statistically significant differences in dementia fear scores among elderly people in the community in terms of age,gender,marital status,family history of dementia,and number of chronic diseases(P<0.05).Person correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the total score of dementia fear and loneliness in elderly people in the community(r=0.162,P<0.05).Conclusion:The level of loneliness and dementia fear among elderly people in the community is at a moderate level.Age,gender,marital status,family history of dementia,and number of chronic diseases are important influencing factors of dementia fear among elderly people in the community.The sense of loneliness among elderly people in the community is positively correlated with dementia fear,meaning that the greater the degree of loneliness,the higher the degree of dementia fear among elderly people in the community.
基金support for the research,authorship,and/or publication of this article.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has caused confusion and upset in many areas of life,resulting in humanity’s rapid adjustment to changes to contain the virus.The high infection rates have stipulated many governments to introduce severe restrictions on individual freedoms to minimize broader contagion.These strict hygienic protocols have disrupted the daily routines of many people of all ages,especially third-age citizens.The elderly,one of the most vulnerable sections of the population,seem to be paying the highest toll in terms of contagion and deaths.In this study we aim to investigate the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic contagion measures have impacted the loneliness and anxiety levels of third-age citizens(65+)in Cyprus and Greece and to explore the potential role of counseling in improving their psychological well-being.Quarantine and social isolation measures have eliminated the social life of senior citizens,creating the potential for loneliness and anxiety symptoms making the need for supportive mechanisms,e.g.,through counseling,even more imminent.Our research is quantitative.We collected data through an online survey that included the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale.Our sample consisted of 156 Greeks and Cypriots of both genders aged 65-85 years old.Findings indicated very high levels of anxiety and loneliness,with values on both scales rising above average.Only a tiny percentage of third-age citizens were able to access counseling services during the social isolation measures.
文摘Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the development of LISTEN (Loneliness Intervention using Story Theory to Enhance Nursing-sensitive outcomes), a new intervention for loneliness. Methods: LISTEN was developed using the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for intervention development. Extensive literature review revealed that belonging, relating, placing in community, challenges, and meanings of coping were concepts significant to loneliness. Past interventions were limited but it was determined from a recent meta-analysis that enhanced effectiveness might result from interventions that targeted the poorly adapted cognitive processes of loneliness. These processes include social undesirability, stigma, and negative thoughts about self in relation to others. LISTEN is designed to be delivered in a determined logical sequence of 5 sessions, each focusing on the concepts relevant to loneliness as derived from the literature. For each session, intervention delivery is guided by the concepts from story theory (including intentional dialogue, nurse as listener, examination of self in relation to others and community, synthesizing concerns and patterns, and identifying messages) and the principles of cognitive restructuring (self-assessment of maladaptive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, identifying challenges of changing, reconceptualization of self, new skill acquisition through group interaction, and identifying patterns of meaning in loneliness). Results: LISTEN is developed and the first randomized trial is complete with a sample of 27 lonely, chronically ill, community dwelling, and older adults. LISTEN was evaluated as feasible to deliver by the study team and acceptable for significantly diminishing loneliness by participants of the LISTEN groups who were compared to attention control groups (p < 0.5). Conclusions: LISTEN has the potential to enhance health by diminishing loneliness which could result in improving the long-term negative known sequelae of loneliness. Future longitudinal randomized trials are needed in varied populations to assess long term health and healthcare system benefit of using LISTEN to treat loneliness.
文摘Pets’ growing role in family dynamics creates questions about resources pets may provide in parenthood motivation. Pet ownership has been suggested in the literature as an antecedent to parenthood in terms of developing skills needed to rear offspring, nurturance, and responsibility. Participants (N = 118) who were pet owners, completed an online survey that recorded demographics and consisted of loneliness, pet attitude, and parenthood motivation scales. Results supported that loneliness and pet attitude were positively related to parenthood motivation (all p’s < 0.05). Loneliness and parenthood motivation did not vary by pet species. Pet attitude varied by pet species;dog owners had the most positive attitude. Pets were shown to be a valuable resource in alleviating feelings of loneliness and parenthood preparation in this sample. Implications for nursing practice and future research are discussed.
文摘Internet addiction （IA） is a newly emerged clinical disorder and it has negative effects on physical and mental health. University students are the most vulnerable group for IA, The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of IA with depression, loneliness and health related lifestyle among university students. Cross-sectional survey was conducted by enrolling 175 students of Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya. Internet addiction test （IAT） was used to assess the level of IA. Depression, loneliness, and health related lifestyle were assessed using Peradeniya depression scale （PDS）, University of California at Los Angeles （UCLA） loneliness scale and health practice score （HPS） respectively. T-test and ANOVA were conducted to examine the differences; and correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between variables. Overall, 40.6% of students were placed in IA group. Generally 28.6% of students had mild and 12.0% had moderate addiction. No case of severe IA was seen. There were 20.6% of students in depressive state and 17.1% of students had poor HPS. The average score that the student got from loneliness scale was 23.42. There was a positive significant correlation between IA and both depression and loneliness. Moreover, a negative significant correlation found between IA and health related lifestyle. Male students had higher IA scores than female students. The study results are considered to develop preventive interventions and treatment strategies.
基金supported by Key Laboratory of Ethnic Languages and Information Technology of Ministry of Education of China,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou,Gansu,730030,China(KFKT202013,KFKT202016,KFKT202012,and 1001161310)The Young Doctor Foundation of Higher Education in Gansu Province“Research on the educational effect mechanism of the socialist core value‘unity of knowing and doing’of college students for nationalities in the new era”(No.2021QB-071)The 14th Five-Year Planning Project of Education Science in Gansu Province 2021“A study on the core behavior of patriotism of children in the new era”.Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities“Research on influencing factors of online education in post-epidemic era”(No.31920210125).
文摘This study examined the moderating effects of parent-child,same-sex,opposite-sex and teacher-student relation-ships between sibling status and loneliness during COVID-19.A total of 1,591 adolescents in China completed the study questionnaires which assessed the aforementioned variables.The results showed that same-sex and teacher-student relationships moderated the association between sibling status and loneliness.The results indicated that among participants with good same-sex relationships during COVID-19,compared to non-only-children parti-cipants,the only-children participants were more likely to experience a lower level of loneliness.However,parti-cipants with poor same-sex relationships experienced similar level of loneliness regardless of whether they had siblings.Thesefindings would be helpful for parents,teachers,and other stakeholders to take effective measures to reduce loneliness feelings among Chinese adolescents.
基金This study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior(20230516001).
文摘BACKGROUND In the information age,the use of the internet and multimedia tools has large effects on the life of middle school students.Improper use of the internet may result in internet addiction(IA).Thus,actively exploring the factors influencing adolescent and the mechanism of addiction as well as promoting adolescent physical and mental health and academic development are priorities that families,schools,and society urgently need to address.AIM To explore the effect of childhood trauma on adolescent IA and to consider the roles of loneliness and negative coping styles.METHODS A total of 11310 students from six junior high schools in Henan,China,completed the child trauma questionnaire,IA test,loneliness scale,and simple coping style questionnaire.In addition,data were collected from 1044 adolescents with child-hood trauma for analysis with IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0;we examined the relationships among childhood trauma,IA,loneliness,and negative coping styles.RESULTS We found that childhood trauma not only directly affected adolescents’IA but also affected IA through loneliness and negative coping styles.CONCLUSION Therefore,this study has theoretical implications regarding adolescent mental health and may inform interventions for IA.
文摘Arthur Miller is one of the representatives of American playwrights in 1940 s. Miller's contribution to modern drama lies in making a good expression of the common's tragedy in his drama. Thus he is called as"an American Ibsenian playwright". The Death of a Salesman, Miller's masterwork, presents a society in pursuit of"success". In it, the hero is just a poor man with failures, and his disillusionment of dream ends up with his tragic death. This thesis primarily summarizes the former studies of the Death of a Salesman, and from a novel prospective, focuses on exploring the reasons and results of the hero's loneliness, so as to further the study of the tragic spirit in it.
