There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three d...There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs（polymer-coated urea（PCU）, sulfur-coated urea（SCU）, and urea formaldehyde（UF）） and two fertilization modes（both S/CRF and common urea（CU） as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer） on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control（CK）. Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.展开更多
Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is intro...Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is introduced.Extension mode of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation is constructed.Agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode includes the radiation center,primary irradiation and secondary irradiation.Secondly,management system and operational mechanism of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode are discussed,mainly expressed in establishing leading group in each demonstration county(city),carrying out leader contract responsibility system,establishing expert advisor steering group and setting up core experts group for subject,establishing technical experts group for subject,setting up leading group in the radiation area,carrying out chief expert responsibility system and technician matrix responsibility system,establishing the operating mechanism of "open,flow,competition and collaboration" with "test area-expert two-way selection" as the core content.Finally,countermeasures to improve the agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode is put forward,such as establishing the rural technology demonstration base,strengthening cooperation with enterprises,and adopting flexible technical training,so as to promote the spread of agricultural high-tech,to increase the contribution rate of agricultural technology,and to offer ideas for agricultural technology extension model at the new era.展开更多
长江流域稻油、稻稻油轮作茬口矛盾突出,油菜播种期推迟导致生长发育缓慢、产量偏低,合理的氮肥运筹是促进迟播油菜冬前生长、提高迟播油菜产量的重要措施。本试验以品种华油杂137为材料,在湖北武汉、黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置N0:0 kg ...长江流域稻油、稻稻油轮作茬口矛盾突出,油菜播种期推迟导致生长发育缓慢、产量偏低,合理的氮肥运筹是促进迟播油菜冬前生长、提高迟播油菜产量的重要措施。本试验以品种华油杂137为材料,在湖北武汉、黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置N0:0 kg hm^(-2),N1:150 kg hm^(-2),N2:225 kg hm^(-2),N3:300 kg hm^(-2) 4个施肥水平;S1:基施,S2:基施∶3叶期追施(5∶5),S3:基施∶5叶期追施(5∶5) 3个施肥方式,研究不同施氮量及施肥方式对迟播油菜生长发育、产量及抗倒性的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加,武汉试点和黄冈试点油菜的产量呈先升后稳定的趋势,在N2和N3处理间籽粒产量差异不显著,武汉试点和黄冈试点在N2处理下分别比N1增加了20.76%和15.02%;根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子也表现为先增加后趋于稳定;基部抗折力和上部抗折力呈先升后降的趋势,但基部倒伏指数和上部倒伏指数随施氮量增加而增加,表明增施氮肥后加剧倒伏风险,降低抗倒伏能力;氮肥利用率也随施氮量增加表现先增后降的趋势,在N2处理下,相较于N1处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅为24.60%和42.20%,相较于N3处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅分别为11.58%和9.04%。随施肥方式的变化,油菜产量呈先升后降的趋势,武汉试点、黄冈试点产量在S2条件下比S1增加了11.72%、11.92%,比S3增加了6.16%、6.66%;武汉试点和黄冈试点的根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子均在S2处理下达到最大值;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部抗折力、上部抗折力均呈先升后降的趋势,且均在N2S2处理下达到最大;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部倒伏指数、上部倒伏指数呈上升趋势,均在N3S3处理下达到最大,这表明在N3S3条件下其抗倒伏能力较差,倒伏风险较大;氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥利用率均在S2处理下达到最大值。本试验中氮肥用量及施用方式处理间的产量差异较小,氮肥用量与施肥方式之间的互作效应未达到显著效果。综上所述,从产量、抗倒伏性等因素考虑,N2S2 (基施112.5 kg hm^(-2)+3叶期追施112.5 kg hm^(-2))是迟播油菜最佳氮肥施用方式。本研究结果可为长江流域迟播油菜氮肥施用提供理论依据与技术支撑。展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0300503)the Key Research Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016344)+3 种基金the National Rice Industry Technology System, China (CARS01-27)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31701350)the Program for Scientific Elitists of Yangzhou University, Chinaa Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China
文摘There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer（S/CRF） on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs（polymer-coated urea（PCU）, sulfur-coated urea（SCU）, and urea formaldehyde（UF）） and two fertilization modes（both S/CRF and common urea（CU） as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer） on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control（CK）. Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF〉PCU〉SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer〉both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU〉PCU〉UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer〉S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.
基金Supported by the State Grain High Yield Science and Technology Project in Hebei Province of Eleventh Five-Year Plan(2006BAD02A08-5-1)
文摘Firstly,relying on the science and technology project of high yield in Hebei Province,connotation of agricultural technology demonstration and extension mode and the high yield grain project in Hebei Province is introduced.Extension mode of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation is constructed.Agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode includes the radiation center,primary irradiation and secondary irradiation.Secondly,management system and operational mechanism of agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode are discussed,mainly expressed in establishing leading group in each demonstration county(city),carrying out leader contract responsibility system,establishing expert advisor steering group and setting up core experts group for subject,establishing technical experts group for subject,setting up leading group in the radiation area,carrying out chief expert responsibility system and technician matrix responsibility system,establishing the operating mechanism of "open,flow,competition and collaboration" with "test area-expert two-way selection" as the core content.Finally,countermeasures to improve the agricultural technology demonstration and radiation mode is put forward,such as establishing the rural technology demonstration base,strengthening cooperation with enterprises,and adopting flexible technical training,so as to promote the spread of agricultural high-tech,to increase the contribution rate of agricultural technology,and to offer ideas for agricultural technology extension model at the new era.
文摘长江流域稻油、稻稻油轮作茬口矛盾突出,油菜播种期推迟导致生长发育缓慢、产量偏低,合理的氮肥运筹是促进迟播油菜冬前生长、提高迟播油菜产量的重要措施。本试验以品种华油杂137为材料,在湖北武汉、黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置N0:0 kg hm^(-2),N1:150 kg hm^(-2),N2:225 kg hm^(-2),N3:300 kg hm^(-2) 4个施肥水平;S1:基施,S2:基施∶3叶期追施(5∶5),S3:基施∶5叶期追施(5∶5) 3个施肥方式,研究不同施氮量及施肥方式对迟播油菜生长发育、产量及抗倒性的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加,武汉试点和黄冈试点油菜的产量呈先升后稳定的趋势,在N2和N3处理间籽粒产量差异不显著,武汉试点和黄冈试点在N2处理下分别比N1增加了20.76%和15.02%;根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子也表现为先增加后趋于稳定;基部抗折力和上部抗折力呈先升后降的趋势,但基部倒伏指数和上部倒伏指数随施氮量增加而增加,表明增施氮肥后加剧倒伏风险,降低抗倒伏能力;氮肥利用率也随施氮量增加表现先增后降的趋势,在N2处理下,相较于N1处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅为24.60%和42.20%,相较于N3处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅分别为11.58%和9.04%。随施肥方式的变化,油菜产量呈先升后降的趋势,武汉试点、黄冈试点产量在S2条件下比S1增加了11.72%、11.92%,比S3增加了6.16%、6.66%;武汉试点和黄冈试点的根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子均在S2处理下达到最大值;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部抗折力、上部抗折力均呈先升后降的趋势,且均在N2S2处理下达到最大;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部倒伏指数、上部倒伏指数呈上升趋势,均在N3S3处理下达到最大,这表明在N3S3条件下其抗倒伏能力较差,倒伏风险较大;氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥利用率均在S2处理下达到最大值。本试验中氮肥用量及施用方式处理间的产量差异较小,氮肥用量与施肥方式之间的互作效应未达到显著效果。综上所述,从产量、抗倒伏性等因素考虑,N2S2 (基施112.5 kg hm^(-2)+3叶期追施112.5 kg hm^(-2))是迟播油菜最佳氮肥施用方式。本研究结果可为长江流域迟播油菜氮肥施用提供理论依据与技术支撑。
