To elucidate the yielding performance of compact yielding anchor cables in working state,a yielding mechanical model incorporating extrusion friction and fastening rotation under confining pressure is constructed.The ...To elucidate the yielding performance of compact yielding anchor cables in working state,a yielding mechanical model incorporating extrusion friction and fastening rotation under confining pressure is constructed.The yielding resistance enhancement effect(ω)caused by working environment constraints is evaluated through multi-layer composite sleeve hole expansion analysis,forming a theoretical framework for calculating the working yielding force.Laboratory and in-situ pull-out tests are conducted to determine the yielding performance and validate the analytical theory.The main conclusions are:(1)Yielding force and energy-release capacity increase withω,significantly outperforming the unconfined state.(2)In-situ tests under varying rockmass and geostress conditions(F1–F3)determine the yielding force increases to 183.4–290.1,204.0–290.8,and 235.0–327.1 kN.(3)The slight deviation(–12.5%to 6.2%)between the theoretical and measured yielding force confirms that the analytical theory effectively describes the working yielding performance.(4)ωincreases with higher geostress and improved rock mechanical properties,with initial geostress(σ_(0))and elastic modulus of surrounding rock(E_(3))identified as critical parameters.展开更多
Missing via has been a defect in semiconductor manufacturing,especially of foundries. Its solution can be rather attractive in yield improvement for relatively mature technology since each percentage point improvement...Missing via has been a defect in semiconductor manufacturing,especially of foundries. Its solution can be rather attractive in yield improvement for relatively mature technology since each percentage point improvement will mean significant profit margin enhancement. However, the root cause for the missing via defect is not easy to determine since many factors,such as, defocus, material re-deposition, and inadequate development,can lead to missing via defects. Therefore, knowing the exact cause for each defect type is the key. In this paper, we will present the analysis methodology used in our company. In the experiments,we have observed three types of missing vias. The first type consists of large areas, usually circular,of missing patterns,which are primarily located near the wafer edge. The second type consists of isolated sites with single partially opened vias or completely unopened vias. The third type consists of relatively small circular areas,within which the entire via pattern is missing. We have first tried the optimization of the developing recipe and found that the first type of missing via can be largely removed through the tuning of the rinse process, which improves the cleaning efficiency of the developing residue. However, this method does not remove missing via of the second and third type. We found that the second type of missing via is related to local defocus caused by topographical distribution. To resolve the third type of missing via defects, we have performed extensive experiments with different types of developer nozzles and different types of photomasks,and the result is that we have not found any distinct dependence of the defect density on either the nozzle or the mask types. Moreover, we have also studied the defect density from three resists with different resolution capability and found a correlation between the defect density and the resist resolution. It seems that,in general, lower resolution resists also have lower defect density. The results will be presented in the paper.展开更多
Nitrogen vacancy(NV)color centers in diamond have useful applications in quantum sensing andfluorescent marking.They can be gen-erated experimentally by ion implantation,femtosecond lasers,and chemical vapor deposition...Nitrogen vacancy(NV)color centers in diamond have useful applications in quantum sensing andfluorescent marking.They can be gen-erated experimentally by ion implantation,femtosecond lasers,and chemical vapor deposition.However,there is a lack of studies of the yield of NV color centers at the atomic scale.In the molecular dynamics simulations described in this paper,NV color centers are pre-pared by ion implantation in diamond with pre-doped nitrogen and subsequent annealing.The differences between the yields of NV color centers produced by implantation of carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)ions,respectively,are investigated.It is found that C-ion implantation gives a greater yield of NV color centers and superior location accuracy.The effects of different pre-doping concentrations(400–1500 ppm)and implantation energies(1.0–3.0 keV)on the NV color center yield are analyzed,and it is shown that a pre-doping concentra-tion of 1000 ppm with 2 keV C-ion implantation can produce a 13%yield of NV color centers after 1600 K annealing for 7.4 ns.Finally,a brief comparison of the NV color center identification methods is presented,and it is found that the error rate of an analysis utiliz-ing the identify diamond structure coordination analysis method is reduced by about 7%compared with conventional identification+methods.展开更多
Development of high-performance solid state luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials remains challenging.Here,strong blue-green fluorescent carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)from o-aminobenzenethiol and thiosalicylic acid(o ...Development of high-performance solid state luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials remains challenging.Here,strong blue-green fluorescent carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)from o-aminobenzenethiol and thiosalicylic acid(o ABT-TSA-CPDs)with an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 76%in solid state without matrix were synthesized.Through adjusting the reaction temperature and time,the PL centers were proved to be carbon core state and surface state associated to carbonyl group which was the source of strong fluorescence emission in solid state.The mechanism of the unique phenomenon of enhanced emission from ethanol solution(PLQY=7%)to powder(PLQY=76%)was investigated by analyzing the chemical properties and structures of o ABT-TSA-CPDs at different temperatures and o ABT-TSACPDs/PVC composites,and was confirmed as fixation of PL centers.展开更多
Using ground water vapor pressure and precipitation data at four times of one day during 1985- 2014 in each county（ city） of Anyang,precipitable water at each station was calculated,and temporal-spatial distribution...Using ground water vapor pressure and precipitation data at four times of one day during 1985- 2014 in each county（ city） of Anyang,precipitable water at each station was calculated,and temporal-spatial distribution of atmospheric maximum precipitable water and its change trend over the years in the city were analyzed. Results showed that atmospheric maximum precipitable water in Anyang City had the characteristics of summer far more than winter,autumn slightly higher than spring,west and south more,and east and north less,and presented the increasing trend year by year. We further analyzed the characteristic of monthly rainfall enhancement potential in each county,and mean in whole year was 80%. In spring and winter,rainfall enhancement potential in the west was bigger than east,while rainfall enhancement potential in the east was bigger than west in summer and autumn. The research provides reference basis for rationally carrying out artificial rainfall work,which could effectively ease uneven temporal-spatial distribution problem of water resource in Anyang City.展开更多
Held in August 2025 in the historic city of Helsingør,Denmark,the 20th Workshop on Plant Membrane Biology brought together experts to explore how plant membranes and their associated proteins govern life from mol...Held in August 2025 in the historic city of Helsingør,Denmark,the 20th Workshop on Plant Membrane Biology brought together experts to explore how plant membranes and their associated proteins govern life from molecular mechanisms to whole-plant physiology and interactions with the environment.Membrane proteins constitute roughly one-third of the plant proteome and host critical processes such as nutrient uptake,signal transduction,defense,and nutrient partition,which are essential for enhancing crop yield and resilience in the face of environmental challenges(Bailey-Serres et al.,2019).The conference showcased advances spanning structural biology,transport mechanisms,cellular signaling,stress resilience,and crop engineering.Here,we highlight key themes and discoveries presented during this premium meeting.展开更多
The escalating global population,environmental deterioration,and diminishing arable lands impose heightened demands on agricultural productivity,compelling the pursuit of more efficient breeding methodologies to enhan...The escalating global population,environmental deterioration,and diminishing arable lands impose heightened demands on agricultural productivity,compelling the pursuit of more efficient breeding methodologies to enhance crop yield[1,2].As pivotal determinants of grain yield,grain size and weight have emerged as primary targets in crop breeding endeavors[3].In recent decades,extensive research has led to the identification of numerous genes and quantitative trait loci that regulate grain size in rice[4].Several genes have been shown to exert a positive regulatory influence on grain size and weight.For instance,upregulation of GL7/GW7 expression has been associated with the production of elongated grains,attributable to increased cell division longitudinally[5,6].展开更多
Ideal plant architecture forms the foundation for enhancing crop yield potential,and optimizing plant architectural traits has long been recognized as an effective strategy for increasing agricultural productivity(Wan...Ideal plant architecture forms the foundation for enhancing crop yield potential,and optimizing plant architectural traits has long been recognized as an effective strategy for increasing agricultural productivity(Wang and Li,2006).Wheat(Triticum aestivum),a globally important staple crop,provides~20% of the world's dietary energy(Shewry and Hey,2015).展开更多
The unique mechanical,optical,and electrical properties of carbyne,a one-dimensional allotrope of carbon,make it a highly promising material for various applications.It has been demonstrated that carbon nanotubes(CNTs...The unique mechanical,optical,and electrical properties of carbyne,a one-dimensional allotrope of carbon,make it a highly promising material for various applications.It has been demonstrated that carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can serve as an ideal host for the formation of confined carbyne(CC),with the yield being influenced by the quality of the carbon nanotubes for confinement and the carbon source for carbyne growth.In this study,a robust synthesis route of CC within CNTs is proposed.C70 was utilized as a precursor to provide an additional carbon source,based on its ability to supply more carbon atoms than C60 at the same filling ratio.Multi-step transformation processes,including defect creation,were designed to enhance the yield of CC.As a result,the yield of CC was significantly increased for the C70 encapsulated single-walled CNTs by more than an order of magnitude than the empty counterparts,which also surpasses that of the double-walled CNTs,making it the most effective route for synthesizing CC.These findings highlight the importance of the additional carbon source and the optimal pathway for CC formation,offering valuable insights for the application of materials with high yield.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2468217,U2034205,and 52308391)。
文摘To elucidate the yielding performance of compact yielding anchor cables in working state,a yielding mechanical model incorporating extrusion friction and fastening rotation under confining pressure is constructed.The yielding resistance enhancement effect(ω)caused by working environment constraints is evaluated through multi-layer composite sleeve hole expansion analysis,forming a theoretical framework for calculating the working yielding force.Laboratory and in-situ pull-out tests are conducted to determine the yielding performance and validate the analytical theory.The main conclusions are:(1)Yielding force and energy-release capacity increase withω,significantly outperforming the unconfined state.(2)In-situ tests under varying rockmass and geostress conditions(F1–F3)determine the yielding force increases to 183.4–290.1,204.0–290.8,and 235.0–327.1 kN.(3)The slight deviation(–12.5%to 6.2%)between the theoretical and measured yielding force confirms that the analytical theory effectively describes the working yielding performance.(4)ωincreases with higher geostress and improved rock mechanical properties,with initial geostress(σ_(0))and elastic modulus of surrounding rock(E_(3))identified as critical parameters.
文摘Missing via has been a defect in semiconductor manufacturing,especially of foundries. Its solution can be rather attractive in yield improvement for relatively mature technology since each percentage point improvement will mean significant profit margin enhancement. However, the root cause for the missing via defect is not easy to determine since many factors,such as, defocus, material re-deposition, and inadequate development,can lead to missing via defects. Therefore, knowing the exact cause for each defect type is the key. In this paper, we will present the analysis methodology used in our company. In the experiments,we have observed three types of missing vias. The first type consists of large areas, usually circular,of missing patterns,which are primarily located near the wafer edge. The second type consists of isolated sites with single partially opened vias or completely unopened vias. The third type consists of relatively small circular areas,within which the entire via pattern is missing. We have first tried the optimization of the developing recipe and found that the first type of missing via can be largely removed through the tuning of the rinse process, which improves the cleaning efficiency of the developing residue. However, this method does not remove missing via of the second and third type. We found that the second type of missing via is related to local defocus caused by topographical distribution. To resolve the third type of missing via defects, we have performed extensive experiments with different types of developer nozzles and different types of photomasks,and the result is that we have not found any distinct dependence of the defect density on either the nozzle or the mask types. Moreover, we have also studied the defect density from three resists with different resolution capability and found a correlation between the defect density and the resist resolution. It seems that,in general, lower resolution resists also have lower defect density. The results will be presented in the paper.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52035009 and 51761135106)the State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments(Pilt1705)+1 种基金the Henan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Integration for Superhard Materials(JDKJ2022-01)the“111”project by the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs and the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.B07014).
文摘Nitrogen vacancy(NV)color centers in diamond have useful applications in quantum sensing andfluorescent marking.They can be gen-erated experimentally by ion implantation,femtosecond lasers,and chemical vapor deposition.However,there is a lack of studies of the yield of NV color centers at the atomic scale.In the molecular dynamics simulations described in this paper,NV color centers are pre-pared by ion implantation in diamond with pre-doped nitrogen and subsequent annealing.The differences between the yields of NV color centers produced by implantation of carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)ions,respectively,are investigated.It is found that C-ion implantation gives a greater yield of NV color centers and superior location accuracy.The effects of different pre-doping concentrations(400–1500 ppm)and implantation energies(1.0–3.0 keV)on the NV color center yield are analyzed,and it is shown that a pre-doping concentra-tion of 1000 ppm with 2 keV C-ion implantation can produce a 13%yield of NV color centers after 1600 K annealing for 7.4 ns.Finally,a brief comparison of the NV color center identification methods is presented,and it is found that the error rate of an analysis utiliz-ing the identify diamond structure coordination analysis method is reduced by about 7%compared with conventional identification+methods.
基金supported financially by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.22035001,21774041)Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(No.2017TD-06)。
文摘Development of high-performance solid state luminescent carbon-based nanomaterials remains challenging.Here,strong blue-green fluorescent carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)from o-aminobenzenethiol and thiosalicylic acid(o ABT-TSA-CPDs)with an absolute photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 76%in solid state without matrix were synthesized.Through adjusting the reaction temperature and time,the PL centers were proved to be carbon core state and surface state associated to carbonyl group which was the source of strong fluorescence emission in solid state.The mechanism of the unique phenomenon of enhanced emission from ethanol solution(PLQY=7%)to powder(PLQY=76%)was investigated by analyzing the chemical properties and structures of o ABT-TSA-CPDs at different temperatures and o ABT-TSACPDs/PVC composites,and was confirmed as fixation of PL centers.
文摘Using ground water vapor pressure and precipitation data at four times of one day during 1985- 2014 in each county（ city） of Anyang,precipitable water at each station was calculated,and temporal-spatial distribution of atmospheric maximum precipitable water and its change trend over the years in the city were analyzed. Results showed that atmospheric maximum precipitable water in Anyang City had the characteristics of summer far more than winter,autumn slightly higher than spring,west and south more,and east and north less,and presented the increasing trend year by year. We further analyzed the characteristic of monthly rainfall enhancement potential in each county,and mean in whole year was 80%. In spring and winter,rainfall enhancement potential in the west was bigger than east,while rainfall enhancement potential in the east was bigger than west in summer and autumn. The research provides reference basis for rationally carrying out artificial rainfall work,which could effectively ease uneven temporal-spatial distribution problem of water resource in Anyang City.
基金supported by the European Molecular Biology Organization(EMBO)and the Carlsberg Foundationsupported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NovoCrops)and the Innovation Fund Denmark(DEEPROOTS and PERENNIALS)+1 种基金supported by Independent Research Denmark(2102-00258B)the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0085289).
文摘Held in August 2025 in the historic city of Helsingør,Denmark,the 20th Workshop on Plant Membrane Biology brought together experts to explore how plant membranes and their associated proteins govern life from molecular mechanisms to whole-plant physiology and interactions with the environment.Membrane proteins constitute roughly one-third of the plant proteome and host critical processes such as nutrient uptake,signal transduction,defense,and nutrient partition,which are essential for enhancing crop yield and resilience in the face of environmental challenges(Bailey-Serres et al.,2019).The conference showcased advances spanning structural biology,transport mechanisms,cellular signaling,stress resilience,and crop engineering.Here,we highlight key themes and discoveries presented during this premium meeting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188102,32372118,W2412006,and 32101755)Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LZ25C130010 and LD24C130001)+4 种基金the Qian Qian Academician Workstation,and the specific research fund of the innovation platform for academicians of Hainan province(YSPTZX202303)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of CAAS(CAAS-ZDRW202401)National Rice Industry Technology System Project(CARS-01-18)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Talent Plan-Outstanding Young TalentZhejiang Province's High-level Talent Special Support Plan-Young Talent。
文摘The escalating global population,environmental deterioration,and diminishing arable lands impose heightened demands on agricultural productivity,compelling the pursuit of more efficient breeding methodologies to enhance crop yield[1,2].As pivotal determinants of grain yield,grain size and weight have emerged as primary targets in crop breeding endeavors[3].In recent decades,extensive research has led to the identification of numerous genes and quantitative trait loci that regulate grain size in rice[4].Several genes have been shown to exert a positive regulatory influence on grain size and weight.For instance,upregulation of GL7/GW7 expression has been associated with the production of elongated grains,attributable to increased cell division longitudinally[5,6].
基金supported by the grant from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1002903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272098).
文摘Ideal plant architecture forms the foundation for enhancing crop yield potential,and optimizing plant architectural traits has long been recognized as an effective strategy for increasing agricultural productivity(Wang and Li,2006).Wheat(Triticum aestivum),a globally important staple crop,provides~20% of the world's dietary energy(Shewry and Hey,2015).
基金supported by the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.202201011790)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902353)+4 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.21QA1406300)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yatsen University(No.22lgqb03)the Characteristic Innovation Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(No.2022KTSCX001)the State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies(No.OEMT-2022-ZRC-01)the Open Project of Guangdong Province Key Lab of Display Material and Technology(No.2020B1212060030).
文摘The unique mechanical,optical,and electrical properties of carbyne,a one-dimensional allotrope of carbon,make it a highly promising material for various applications.It has been demonstrated that carbon nanotubes(CNTs)can serve as an ideal host for the formation of confined carbyne(CC),with the yield being influenced by the quality of the carbon nanotubes for confinement and the carbon source for carbyne growth.In this study,a robust synthesis route of CC within CNTs is proposed.C70 was utilized as a precursor to provide an additional carbon source,based on its ability to supply more carbon atoms than C60 at the same filling ratio.Multi-step transformation processes,including defect creation,were designed to enhance the yield of CC.As a result,the yield of CC was significantly increased for the C70 encapsulated single-walled CNTs by more than an order of magnitude than the empty counterparts,which also surpasses that of the double-walled CNTs,making it the most effective route for synthesizing CC.These findings highlight the importance of the additional carbon source and the optimal pathway for CC formation,offering valuable insights for the application of materials with high yield.
