As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been rep...As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.展开更多
In this paper,our main goal is to study a new mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a foundation and a deformable body which is composed of viscoplastic materials and where the process is c...In this paper,our main goal is to study a new mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a foundation and a deformable body which is composed of viscoplastic materials and where the process is considered dynamic.The contact condition on the normal plane is modeled by a unilateral constraint condition for a version of normal velocity in which the memory effect and the adhesion are considered.On the tangential plane a frictional contact condition is governed by the Clarke subdifferential of a locally Lipschitz function,and the evolution of the bonding field is governed by an ordinary differential equation.We formulate this problem as coupled system that consists of two ordinary differential equations and a variational-hemivariational inequality.Then,the existence,uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the data results concerning the abstract system are established.Finally,we use the abstract results to show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the contact problem.展开更多
Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic a...Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment for IUA;however,studies specifically addressing its efficacy in tuberculosisinduced IUA remain scarce.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUA caused by endometrial tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with tuberculosisinduced IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2014 and October 2022.Clinical data including age,medical history,adhesion severity,surgical treatment,and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among 39 patients identified,2 were lost to follow-up.A total of 37 patients were included,with a follow-up duration ranging from 6 months to 9 years.Hypomenorrhea was reported in 24(64.9%)patients,secondary amenorrhea in 10(27.0%)patients,and normal menstruation in 3(8.1%)patients.Most patients presented with primary infertility(59.5%),and only 2(5.4%)had secondary infertility.The median American Fertility Society(AFS)score at initial assessment was 10(range,8−12);8(21.6%)patients had moderate IUA,and 29(78.4%)had severe IUA.A total of 86 surgical procedures were performed across 37 patients,with 27 patients undergoing 2 or more surgeries.Postoperatively,25(67.6%)patients achieved normalization of the uterine cavity,while 12(32.4%)still had a reduced cavity.Only 7(18.9%)patients had a grossly normal endometrium at the final surgery,all of whom had moderate adhesions at the initial procedure.Menstrual flow returned to normal in 12(32.4%)patients,while 25(67.6%)continued to experience hypomenorrhea.Of 29 patients who attempted in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET),only 6(20.7%)conceived.Among these,4(13.8%)delivered at term via cesarean section;one case was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and another by placental adhesion.Conclusion:Endometrial tuberculosis can lead to severe IUA.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis facilitates cavity restoration and improvement of menstrual conditions,but the overall reproductive outcomes remain suboptimal.展开更多
Due to their high mechanical compliance and excellent biocompatibility,conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronics.However,as the demand for high sensitivity,superior me...Due to their high mechanical compliance and excellent biocompatibility,conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronics.However,as the demand for high sensitivity,superior mechanical properties,and strong adhesion performance continues to grow,many conventional fabrication methods remain complex and costly.Herein,we propose a simple and efficient strategy to construct an entangled network hydrogel through a liquid-metal-induced cross-linking reaction,hydrogel demonstrates outstanding properties,including exceptional stretchability(1643%),high tensile strength(366.54 kPa),toughness(350.2 kJ m^(−3)),and relatively low mechanical hysteresis.The hydrogel exhibits long-term stable reusable adhesion(104 kPa),enabling conformal and stable adhesion to human skin.This capability allows it to effectively capture high-quality epidermal electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratio(25.2 dB)and low impedance(310 ohms).Furthermore,by integrating advanced machine learning algorithms,achieving an attention classification accuracy of 91.38%,which will significantly impact fields like education,healthcare,and artificial intelligence.展开更多
Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear,compromised epithelial barrier integrity is believed to promote susceptibility toIBD and be associated with disease severity, suggesting that i...Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear,compromised epithelial barrier integrity is believed to promote susceptibility toIBD and be associated with disease severity, suggesting that improving gut barrierintegrity may palliate or treat IBD. Such a notion gets support from the clinicalfindings that mucosal healing in IBD patients is associated with improvedprognosis, and reduced risk of relapse or colitis-associated cancer. It thereforebecomes critical to understand the intracellular signals that regulate mucosalhealing and gut barrier integrity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptortyrosine kinase that critically modulates epithelial cell growth and mobility andhas been associated with carcinogenesis. However, studies also suggest that FAKactivation may promote mucosal healing under conditions of colitis, which shouldreduce the risk of colitis-associated cancer. These findings highlight a potentiallytransformative role for FAK in the context of IBD. Understanding the molecularmechanisms by which FAK influences gut barrier repair and mucosal integritycould offer novel therapeutic avenues for treating IBD and preventing its longtermcomplications. This review focuses on the potential role of FAK in promotingcolitis-associated mucosal healing and the underlying molecular mechanismsdriving these processes, offering critical insights into IBD pathogenesis and therapy.展开更多
Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the an...Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progr...BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progression of gastric cancer(GC)is not yet clear.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of action of RGS4 in GC develop-ment.METHODS The prognostic significance of RGS4 in GC was analyzed using bioinformatics based public databases and verified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 90 patients with GC.Function assays were employed to assess the carcinogenic impact of RGS4,and the mechanism of its possible influence was detected by western blot analysis.A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the effects of RGS4 on GC growth in vitro.RESULTS RGS4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues.Elevated RGS4 expression was correlated with increased tumor-node-metastasis stage,increased tumor grade as well as poorer overall survival in patients with GC.Cell experiments demonstrated that RGS4 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Similarly,xenograft experiments confirmed that RGS4 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth.Moreover,RGS4 knockdown resulted in reduced phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase,phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase,and protein kinase B,decreased vimentin and N-cadherin,and elevated E-cadherin.CONCLUSION High RGS4 expression in GC indicates a worse prognosis and RGS4 is a prognostic marker.RGS4 influences tumor progression via the focal adhesion kinase/phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.展开更多
Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrat...Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrates,and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it.Problems such as local stress concentrations,an uneven surface tension,inconsistent adhesion,mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material.Therefore,how to improve the integrity,flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge.In order to achieve high-quality transfer,the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate,the 2D material and the transfer medium.This review focuses on this topic,and finally,in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials,provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application,and points out the current problems and directions for future development.展开更多
Hemihydrate phosphogypsum(HPG)-based filling materials have become a new low-cost green alternative for early strength filling materials.They also provide a promising solution for the large-scale utilization of phosph...Hemihydrate phosphogypsum(HPG)-based filling materials have become a new low-cost green alternative for early strength filling materials.They also provide a promising solution for the large-scale utilization of phosphogypsum.However,pipe plugging,which is caused by the poor workability of HPG-based filling materials,has become a major safety hazard in the filling process.Determining an economical and practicable method is urgently needed to improve the workability of HPG slurry work.First,this work found that grind-ing treatment was much more effective than increasing concentration(59wt%-65wt%)and adding tailings(20wt%-100wt%)in enhan-cing the workability of HPG slurry based on a comprehensive analysis of water retention,fluidity,and flow stability.Then,the combined effects of particle size,particle morphology,water film,and interparticle interactions on the workability of HPG slurry were quantitat-ively described through a microanalysis.Moreover,the first direct evidence for the transformation from robust embedded structures to soft stacking structures was presented.In practice,the filling materials should be prepared by grinding HPG for 20 min and mixing with 0-200wt%phosphorus tailings to achieve satisfactory workability and mechanical performance.The results of this study provide practic-al and feasible methods for addressing the stable transportation problem of HPG slurry.展开更多
Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has received extensive attention from scholars and engineers due to its excellent mechanical properties and durability. However, there is a mutually restrictiv...Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has received extensive attention from scholars and engineers due to its excellent mechanical properties and durability. However, there is a mutually restrictive relationship between the workability and mechanical properties of UHPFRC. Specifically, the addition of fibers will affect the workability of fresh UHPFRC, and the workability of fresh UHPFRC will also affect the dispersion and arrangement of fibers, thus significantly influencing the mechanical properties of hardened UHPFRC. This paper first analyzes the research status of UHPFRC and the relationship between its workability and mechanical properties. Subsequently, it outlines the test methods and indicators of UHPFRC workability, including fluidity, slump, V-funnel passing time, and rheology. Then, it reviews the impacts of metal fibers, synthetic fibers, hybrid fibers, and other fibers on the workability and mechanical properties of UHPFRC, and presents a reasonable range of fiber dosage for workability and mechanical properties. Key findings include: (1) Steel fibers within 1%–2% volume optimize workability-mechanical balance, while exceeding 2.5% reduces compressive strength by 7%–30%;(2) Hybrid steel-polypropylene fibers enhance toughness by 65%;(3) Fiber orientation control via rheology-modifying admixtures improves flexural strength by up to 64%. This review establishes a fiber factor (V·L/D) for predictive mix design, advancing beyond empirical approaches in prior studies.展开更多
Enhancing homogenization efficiency and hot-workability is the key issue for wrought superalloys in the industry.A novel approach for simultaneous accelerating the homogenization kinetics and improving hot-workability...Enhancing homogenization efficiency and hot-workability is the key issue for wrought superalloys in the industry.A novel approach for simultaneous accelerating the homogenization kinetics and improving hot-workability via a simple way of prior hot-deformation was proposed,which was not widely accepted for wrought superalloys.The homogenization efficiency is increased by 40%-70%via performing 10%-20%prior hot-deformation.Both theoretical and experimental analyses revealed that the increment in homogenization efficiency is mainly attributed to the decrease in interdendritic-segregation spacing,and thus the necessary diffusion distance,rather than that of dislocations.In addition,dynamic and static recrystallizations occurred during the prior hot-deformation and diffusion-annealing processes,and the grains were significantly refined even after the homogenization.Furthermore,the size of the precipitates was refined as well.These enhanced the hot-workability of the homogenized ingot for the subsequent cogging process.展开更多
This article investigated the factors and mechanisms that affected the workability and mechanical properties of cement paste incorporating nano-TiO_(2).The findings indicated that,for nano-TiO_(2)aqueous solution conc...This article investigated the factors and mechanisms that affected the workability and mechanical properties of cement paste incorporating nano-TiO_(2).The findings indicated that,for nano-TiO_(2)aqueous solution concentrations of 3%,6%,9%,and 12%,the optimal dispersion effect was achieved with an ultrasonic dispersion time of 20 minutes.Specifically,at a 6%nano-TiO_(2)content,both the workability and mechanical performance of the cement paste were enhanced.Furthermore,while nano-TiO_(2)did not alter the types of hydration products present in the cement paste,it did increase the amount of C-S-H gels.This enhancement was attributed to a higher number of nucleation sites for hydration products,which promoted hydration and reduced the porosity of the cement paste.展开更多
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 is frequently associated with otorhinolaryngological manifestations,most notably a high prevalence of otitis media.Although multiple case reports have documented an increased preva...Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 is frequently associated with otorhinolaryngological manifestations,most notably a high prevalence of otitis media.Although multiple case reports have documented an increased prevalence of acute otitis media and mastoiditis in patients with LAD-1,no clinical or experimental studies have fully elucidated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association.Despite guideline recommendations for urgent antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media,a standardized treatment protocol for its complications remains lacking.Moreover,no established consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach for Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1associated cases.This report contributes to the scarce literature on acute mastoiditis in LAD-1 and underscores the need for a tailored,multidisciplinary approach.In the absence of standardized treatment protocols,further research is crucial to refine management strategies and improve outcomes in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media complications.展开更多
This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the design of antibacterial hydrogels and the surface-related factors influencing microbial adhesion to polymeric materials.Hydrogels,characterized by their...This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the design of antibacterial hydrogels and the surface-related factors influencing microbial adhesion to polymeric materials.Hydrogels,characterized by their three-dimensional porous architecture and ultra-high water content,serve as ideal platforms for incorporating antibacterial agents(e.g.,metal ions,natural polymers)through physical/chemical interactions,enabling sustained release and enhanced antibacterial efficacy.For traditional polymers,surface properties(e.g.,roughness,charge,superhydrophobicity,free energy,nanoforce gradients)play critical roles in microbial adhesion.Modifying the surface properties of polymers through surface treatment can regulate antibacterial performance.In particular,by referencing the micro/nanostructures found on natural surfaces such as lotus leaves and cicada wings,antibacterial surfaces with multiple superior functions can be fabricated.Collectively,these findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of multifunctional antibacterial materials,offering material-based solutions to address complex infection scenarios and advance infection management strategies.展开更多
Aiming to address the challenge of directly measuring the real-time adhesion coefficient between wheels and rails,this paper proposes an online estimation algorithm for the adhesion coefficient based on parameter esti...Aiming to address the challenge of directly measuring the real-time adhesion coefficient between wheels and rails,this paper proposes an online estimation algorithm for the adhesion coefficient based on parameter estimation.Firstly,a force analysis of the single-wheel pair model of the train is conducted to derive the calculation relationship for the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient in train dynamics.Then,an estimator based on parameter estimation is designed,and its stability is verified.This estimator is combined with the wheelset force analysis to estimate the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient.Finally,the approach is validated through joint simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim platforms,as well as a hardware-in-the-loop semi-physical simulation experimental platform that accounts for system delay and noise conditions.The results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively tracks changes in the adhesion coefficient during train braking,including the decrease in adhesion when the train brakes and slides,and the overall increase as the train speed decreases.The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by setting different test conditions.The results show that the estimation algorithm can accurately estimate the adhesion coefficient,and through error analysis,it is found that the error between the estimated value of the adhesion coefficient and the theoretical value of the adhesion coefficient is within 5%.The adhesion coefficient obtained through the online estimation method based on the parameter estimation proposed in this paper demonstrates strong followability in both simulation and practical applications.展开更多
Tendon adhesion,a prevalent complication affecting over 30%of patients after a tendon injury or surgery,results in joint stiffness and impaired mobility.Although current treatments facilitate tendon repair,they are of...Tendon adhesion,a prevalent complication affecting over 30%of patients after a tendon injury or surgery,results in joint stiffness and impaired mobility.Although current treatments facilitate tendon repair,they are often insufficient in preventing adhesions and promoting optimal healing outcomes.To address these challenges,we developed an oriented cryostructured silk fibroin bandage(OCSFB)using the directional freeze-casting methodology.In vitro studies demonstrated that OCSFB provided a favorable microenvironment for cell viability,proliferation,and alignment,concurrently upregulating the expression of tendon-specific genes.In a rat Achilles tendon model,OCSFB significantly reduced adhesion formation and improved tendon healing.RNA-seq analysis further revealed modulation of cell adhesion molecules,substantiating its role in tissue regeneration.The integration of silk fibroin biocompatibility with a unique microstructure that facilitates cellular adhesion and proliferation renders OCSFB a promising approach for mitigating tendon adhesions and improving repair outcomes,establishing it as a robust candidate for clinical application.展开更多
Precise solutions for wheel-rail adhesion are important to the traction and braking of the high-speed trains under wet conditions.Current models predominantly rely on Hertzian contact theory assumptions.The present wo...Precise solutions for wheel-rail adhesion are important to the traction and braking of the high-speed trains under wet conditions.Current models predominantly rely on Hertzian contact theory assumptions.The present work proposes a novel non-Hertzian wheel-rail adhesion model to clarify the adhesion mechanisms under wet conditions.The non-Hertzian elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)model was developed to obtain wheel-rail normal contact pressure under wet conditions with rough surfaces.The non-Hertzian extended creep force(ECF)model,which considers the effects of pressure and temperature on the elastic-plastic characteristics of the third body layer(3BL),was used to solve the tangential problems based on wheel-rail normal contact results.The numerical model was also validated by the high-speed wheel-rail adhesion laboratory tests.The wheel-rail rolling contact characteristics at different wheelset lateral displacements are investigated.The results reveal that the distributions of normal pressure,film thickness,tangential stress,and temperature show typical non-Hertzian characteristics.Finally,the effects of train speed and surface roughness on the adhesion characteristics are studied at different lateral displacements.The findings show that the present model can be used for the prediction of high-speed railway adhesion characteristics.展开更多
Bacterial infection presents formidable challenges that frequently culminate in the malfunction of metal implants.Traditional surface treatment methods struggle to effectively achieve controllable management of bacter...Bacterial infection presents formidable challenges that frequently culminate in the malfunction of metal implants.Traditional surface treatment methods struggle to effectively achieve controllable management of bacterial infections associated with metal implants.To effectively enhance the antibacterial capabilities and preventing bacterial adhesion,electroactive materials have emerged as a groundbreaking strategy for surface modification of metal.By responding to external signals,the electroactive materials can improve antibacterial properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion on the implant surface through harnessing the electrostatic interaction of charges,ion release,oxidation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),electron transfer,and the involvement of cellular immunity.This review delves into the principles of how electroactive materials confer implants with antibacterial properties and antibacterial adhesion,while also summarizing the latest research breakthroughs in their application for surface modification.These strategies successfully strike a balance between the antibacterial and the antimicrobial performance of the implant surface.Lastly,the review examines the limitations and ongoing challenges faced by electroactive material modification technology in implant applications,and sketches out the future trajectory and potential innovative avenues in this promising field.展开更多
This study investigates the interfacial adhesion enhancement mechanisms of TiAlN coatings deposited on nitrocarburized 300M ultra-high-strength steel substrates.Through radio frequency(RF)magnetron sputtering technolo...This study investigates the interfacial adhesion enhancement mechanisms of TiAlN coatings deposited on nitrocarburized 300M ultra-high-strength steel substrates.Through radio frequency(RF)magnetron sputtering technology,TiAlN coatings(approximately 4μm thick)are fabricated on both pristine and plasma-nitrocarburized(PNC)substrates.Comparative analyses of phase composition,microstructure,and mechanical properties are conducted using field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),nanoindentation,and scratch testing.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations with Materials Studio(MS)software elucidate atomicscale interactions between TiAlN coatings and substrates.Results demonstrate that the PNC pretreatment generates a dual-phase structure(about 65μm thick)comprising theγ-Fe4N compound layer and a high-hardness diffusion layer,establishing a continuous hardness gradient at the coating-substrate interface.The PNC/TiAlN composite coating exhibits enhanced interfacial adhesion strength,attributed to mechanical interlocking from plasma-etched microvoids and optimized lattice matching.Scratch tests reveal a significant increase in critical load to 60 N for coating delamination in PNC/TiAlN systems compared with monolayer coatings.These improvements mitigate brittle spallation risks while maintaining superior hardness(29.26 GPa)and wear resistance.This paper provides atomiclevel insights into adhesion enhancement mechanisms and proposes a viable duplex surface engineering strategy for high-strength steel components.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe intraabdominal adhesions and ventral hernias pose significant technical challenges in bariatric surgery,especially in patients with a history of complex abdominal procedures.CASE SUMMARY This report ...BACKGROUND Severe intraabdominal adhesions and ventral hernias pose significant technical challenges in bariatric surgery,especially in patients with a history of complex abdominal procedures.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a case involving a 30-year-old morbidly obese man who previously underwent a right lobe hepatectomy for living donor liver transplan-tation.The patient presented with a body mass index of 40.7 kg/m2 and a giant incisional hernia,compounded by extensive intraabdominal adhesions from mul-tiple previous surgeries.A laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed as the initial step of a staged surgical plan.Adhesiolysis was conducted carefully to address the dense intraabdominal adhesions,and the procedure was completed successfully using standard stapling techniques.Postoperative recovery was smooth,with significant weight loss achieved within the first month.CONCLUSION This case highlights the need for personalized surgical planning and precise techniques in bariatric surgery for patients with past abdominal operations.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472401).
文摘As a specific spoilage organism of seafood under refrigerated temperature conditions,Shewanella spp.tend to form biofilms that exacerbate the occurrence of seafood spoilage.Biofilm-promoting factor A(BpfA)has been reported to promote the adhesion and biofilm formation of Shewanella spp.,but its role in adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress needs to be further investigated.To better comprehend the effect of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens under cold stress(4℃),bacterial adhesion and biofilm phenotype of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT andΔbpfA at 4℃were analyzed and performed transcriptomics.The results showed that the deletion of bpfA had almost no effect on the growth of S.putrefaciens CN32 at 4℃,but weakened the unicellular adhesion capacity of S.putrefaciens CN32 and destabilized the stability of the multicellular adhesion layer.In addition,the biomass of the mature biofilm formed byΔbpfA was merely around 50%of that observed in the mature biofilm of S.putrefaciens CN32 WT,the average thickness and volume of the biofilm decreased by 18%and 27%,respectively,and the composition of the biofilm changed.Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the deletion of bpfA led to differential expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways such as bacterial chemotaxis,two-component system,tyrosine metabolism,drug metabolism-other enzymes and biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,which in turn influenced bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.Those results advance our acknowledgment of the character of BpfA on adhesion and biofilm formation of S.putrefaciens CN32,which contributes to understanding bacterial adhesion and the control of biofilm formation.
基金supported by the NSF of Shanxi(202303021221168)the Industry-university-research project of Shanxi Datong University(2022CXY10,2022CXY13).
文摘In this paper,our main goal is to study a new mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a foundation and a deformable body which is composed of viscoplastic materials and where the process is considered dynamic.The contact condition on the normal plane is modeled by a unilateral constraint condition for a version of normal velocity in which the memory effect and the adhesion are considered.On the tangential plane a frictional contact condition is governed by the Clarke subdifferential of a locally Lipschitz function,and the evolution of the bonding field is governed by an ordinary differential equation.We formulate this problem as coupled system that consists of two ordinary differential equations and a variational-hemivariational inequality.Then,the existence,uniqueness and continuous dependence of the solution on the data results concerning the abstract system are established.Finally,we use the abstract results to show the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the contact problem.
基金supported by the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of Third Xiangya Hosipital of Central South University,China(YX202112).
文摘Objective:Endometrial tuberculosis,which commonly affects women of reproductive age,is a significant cause of intrauterine adhesions(IUA),potentially leading to hypomenorrhea,amenorrhea,and infertility.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis is the primary treatment for IUA;however,studies specifically addressing its efficacy in tuberculosisinduced IUA remain scarce.This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for IUA caused by endometrial tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with tuberculosisinduced IUA who underwent hysteroscopic adhesiolysis at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between May 2014 and October 2022.Clinical data including age,medical history,adhesion severity,surgical treatment,and reproductive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among 39 patients identified,2 were lost to follow-up.A total of 37 patients were included,with a follow-up duration ranging from 6 months to 9 years.Hypomenorrhea was reported in 24(64.9%)patients,secondary amenorrhea in 10(27.0%)patients,and normal menstruation in 3(8.1%)patients.Most patients presented with primary infertility(59.5%),and only 2(5.4%)had secondary infertility.The median American Fertility Society(AFS)score at initial assessment was 10(range,8−12);8(21.6%)patients had moderate IUA,and 29(78.4%)had severe IUA.A total of 86 surgical procedures were performed across 37 patients,with 27 patients undergoing 2 or more surgeries.Postoperatively,25(67.6%)patients achieved normalization of the uterine cavity,while 12(32.4%)still had a reduced cavity.Only 7(18.9%)patients had a grossly normal endometrium at the final surgery,all of whom had moderate adhesions at the initial procedure.Menstrual flow returned to normal in 12(32.4%)patients,while 25(67.6%)continued to experience hypomenorrhea.Of 29 patients who attempted in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET),only 6(20.7%)conceived.Among these,4(13.8%)delivered at term via cesarean section;one case was complicated by postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and another by placental adhesion.Conclusion:Endometrial tuberculosis can lead to severe IUA.Hysteroscopic adhesiolysis facilitates cavity restoration and improvement of menstrual conditions,but the overall reproductive outcomes remain suboptimal.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC3500503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.62227807,12374171,12004034,62402041)+2 种基金the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant nos.2024CX06060)Beijing Youth Talent Lifting Project.
文摘Due to their high mechanical compliance and excellent biocompatibility,conductive hydrogels exhibit significant potential for applications in flexible electronics.However,as the demand for high sensitivity,superior mechanical properties,and strong adhesion performance continues to grow,many conventional fabrication methods remain complex and costly.Herein,we propose a simple and efficient strategy to construct an entangled network hydrogel through a liquid-metal-induced cross-linking reaction,hydrogel demonstrates outstanding properties,including exceptional stretchability(1643%),high tensile strength(366.54 kPa),toughness(350.2 kJ m^(−3)),and relatively low mechanical hysteresis.The hydrogel exhibits long-term stable reusable adhesion(104 kPa),enabling conformal and stable adhesion to human skin.This capability allows it to effectively capture high-quality epidermal electrophysiological signals with high signal-to-noise ratio(25.2 dB)and low impedance(310 ohms).Furthermore,by integrating advanced machine learning algorithms,achieving an attention classification accuracy of 91.38%,which will significantly impact fields like education,healthcare,and artificial intelligence.
文摘Although the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear,compromised epithelial barrier integrity is believed to promote susceptibility toIBD and be associated with disease severity, suggesting that improving gut barrierintegrity may palliate or treat IBD. Such a notion gets support from the clinicalfindings that mucosal healing in IBD patients is associated with improvedprognosis, and reduced risk of relapse or colitis-associated cancer. It thereforebecomes critical to understand the intracellular signals that regulate mucosalhealing and gut barrier integrity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptortyrosine kinase that critically modulates epithelial cell growth and mobility andhas been associated with carcinogenesis. However, studies also suggest that FAKactivation may promote mucosal healing under conditions of colitis, which shouldreduce the risk of colitis-associated cancer. These findings highlight a potentiallytransformative role for FAK in the context of IBD. Understanding the molecularmechanisms by which FAK influences gut barrier repair and mucosal integritycould offer novel therapeutic avenues for treating IBD and preventing its longtermcomplications. This review focuses on the potential role of FAK in promotingcolitis-associated mucosal healing and the underlying molecular mechanismsdriving these processes, offering critical insights into IBD pathogenesis and therapy.
基金funded by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92159202)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1100500)+1 种基金the Leading Innovation Team Project of Hangzhou Medical College(No.CXLJ202401)the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2024C03051)。
文摘Objective:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)play a crucial role in the therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent research has indicated that junctional adhesion molecule-like protein(JAML)enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+T cells.Our study investigates the role of JAML+CD8+T cells in HCC.Methods:We utilized time-of-flight mass cytometry and an orthotopic mouse model of HCC to examine histone modifications in tumor-infiltrating immune cells undergoing immunotherapy.Flow cytometry was used to assess CD4+T cells differentiation and JAML expression in CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between lactate dehydrogenase A+(LDHA+)CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells.Subsequently,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of an agonistic anti-JAML antibody,both alone and combined with immunotherapy.Finally,RNA sequencing was conducted to identify potential regulatory mechanisms.Results:Immunotherapy significantly increased the percentage of CD8+T cells infiltrating HCC and induced histone modifications,such as H3K18 lactylation(H3K18la)in CD4+T cells.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that lactate promotes the differentiation of CD4+T cells into Th1 cells.LDHA,an enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate,plays a key role in this process.Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive relationship between LDHA+CD4+T cells and JAML+CD8+T cells in patients who responded to immunotherapy.Moreover,high JAML expression in CD8+T cells was associated with a more favorable prognosis.In vivo experiments demonstrated that agonistic anti-JAML antibody therapy reduced tumor volume and significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice,independent of the effects of anti-programmed cell death protein ligand-1 antibody(αPD-L1)-mediated immunotherapy.Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that JAML enhances CTL responses through the oxidative phosphorylation pathway.Conclusions:Activation of JAML enhances CTL responses in HCC treatment,independent ofαPD-L1-mediated immunotherapy,providing a promising strategy for advanced HCC.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province,No.202203021222418Research Program of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission,No.2023061+2 种基金Fundamental Research Cooperation Program of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,No.22JCZXJC00140Tianjin Major Science and Technology Project,No.21ZXJBSY00110Tianjin Health and Science and Technology Project,No.TJWJ2024ZK001.
文摘BACKGROUND Regulator of G protein signaling(RGS)proteins participate in tumor formation and metastasis by acting on theα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins.The speci-fic effect of RGS,particularly RGS4,on the progression of gastric cancer(GC)is not yet clear.AIM To explore the role and underlying mechanisms of action of RGS4 in GC develop-ment.METHODS The prognostic significance of RGS4 in GC was analyzed using bioinformatics based public databases and verified by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 90 patients with GC.Function assays were employed to assess the carcinogenic impact of RGS4,and the mechanism of its possible influence was detected by western blot analysis.A nude mouse xenograft model was established to study the effects of RGS4 on GC growth in vitro.RESULTS RGS4 was highly expressed in GC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues.Elevated RGS4 expression was correlated with increased tumor-node-metastasis stage,increased tumor grade as well as poorer overall survival in patients with GC.Cell experiments demonstrated that RGS4 knockdown suppressed GC cell proliferation,migration and invasion.Similarly,xenograft experiments confirmed that RGS4 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth.Moreover,RGS4 knockdown resulted in reduced phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase,phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase,and protein kinase B,decreased vimentin and N-cadherin,and elevated E-cadherin.CONCLUSION High RGS4 expression in GC indicates a worse prognosis and RGS4 is a prognostic marker.RGS4 influences tumor progression via the focal adhesion kinase/phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1505200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472140,22021001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720210017 and 20720210009)。
文摘Large-area two-dimensional(2D)materials,such as graphene,MoS_(2),WS_(2),h-BN,black phosphorus,and MXenes,are a class of advanced materials with many possible applications.Different applications need different substrates,and each substrate may need a different way of transferring the 2D material onto it.Problems such as local stress concentrations,an uneven surface tension,inconsistent adhesion,mechanical damage and contamination during the transfer can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred material.Therefore,how to improve the integrity,flatness and cleanness of large area 2D materials is a challenge.In order to achieve high-quality transfer,the main concern is to control the interface adhesion between the substrate,the 2D material and the transfer medium.This review focuses on this topic,and finally,in order to promote the industrial use of large area 2D materials,provides a recipe for this transfer process based on the requirements of the application,and points out the current problems and directions for future development.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074137)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects,China(Nos.202301BE070001-054 and 202401CF070124)the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China(No.202403AA080001).
文摘Hemihydrate phosphogypsum(HPG)-based filling materials have become a new low-cost green alternative for early strength filling materials.They also provide a promising solution for the large-scale utilization of phosphogypsum.However,pipe plugging,which is caused by the poor workability of HPG-based filling materials,has become a major safety hazard in the filling process.Determining an economical and practicable method is urgently needed to improve the workability of HPG slurry work.First,this work found that grind-ing treatment was much more effective than increasing concentration(59wt%-65wt%)and adding tailings(20wt%-100wt%)in enhan-cing the workability of HPG slurry based on a comprehensive analysis of water retention,fluidity,and flow stability.Then,the combined effects of particle size,particle morphology,water film,and interparticle interactions on the workability of HPG slurry were quantitat-ively described through a microanalysis.Moreover,the first direct evidence for the transformation from robust embedded structures to soft stacking structures was presented.In practice,the filling materials should be prepared by grinding HPG for 20 min and mixing with 0-200wt%phosphorus tailings to achieve satisfactory workability and mechanical performance.The results of this study provide practic-al and feasible methods for addressing the stable transportation problem of HPG slurry.
基金financed by Guangxi Transportation Science and Technology Achievement Promotion Project(GXJT-YFZX-2024-01-01):Intelligent Detection and Data Application R&D Center for Guangxi Transportation Industry.
文摘Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has received extensive attention from scholars and engineers due to its excellent mechanical properties and durability. However, there is a mutually restrictive relationship between the workability and mechanical properties of UHPFRC. Specifically, the addition of fibers will affect the workability of fresh UHPFRC, and the workability of fresh UHPFRC will also affect the dispersion and arrangement of fibers, thus significantly influencing the mechanical properties of hardened UHPFRC. This paper first analyzes the research status of UHPFRC and the relationship between its workability and mechanical properties. Subsequently, it outlines the test methods and indicators of UHPFRC workability, including fluidity, slump, V-funnel passing time, and rheology. Then, it reviews the impacts of metal fibers, synthetic fibers, hybrid fibers, and other fibers on the workability and mechanical properties of UHPFRC, and presents a reasonable range of fiber dosage for workability and mechanical properties. Key findings include: (1) Steel fibers within 1%–2% volume optimize workability-mechanical balance, while exceeding 2.5% reduces compressive strength by 7%–30%;(2) Hybrid steel-polypropylene fibers enhance toughness by 65%;(3) Fiber orientation control via rheology-modifying admixtures improves flexural strength by up to 64%. This review establishes a fiber factor (V·L/D) for predictive mix design, advancing beyond empirical approaches in prior studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51804232)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2212041)+1 种基金supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(FRF-IDRY-20-020)GIMRT Program of the Institute for Materials Research,Tohoku University(202303-RDKGE-0518).
文摘Enhancing homogenization efficiency and hot-workability is the key issue for wrought superalloys in the industry.A novel approach for simultaneous accelerating the homogenization kinetics and improving hot-workability via a simple way of prior hot-deformation was proposed,which was not widely accepted for wrought superalloys.The homogenization efficiency is increased by 40%-70%via performing 10%-20%prior hot-deformation.Both theoretical and experimental analyses revealed that the increment in homogenization efficiency is mainly attributed to the decrease in interdendritic-segregation spacing,and thus the necessary diffusion distance,rather than that of dislocations.In addition,dynamic and static recrystallizations occurred during the prior hot-deformation and diffusion-annealing processes,and the grains were significantly refined even after the homogenization.Furthermore,the size of the precipitates was refined as well.These enhanced the hot-workability of the homogenized ingot for the subsequent cogging process.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52108188)State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures(Wuhan University of Technology)(No.SYSJJ2024-15)+3 种基金State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University(No.SKLBT-2301)Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials(No.2022GBM10)Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials of Ministry of Water Resources,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(No.EMF202407)General Project of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(No.KM202110005018)。
文摘This article investigated the factors and mechanisms that affected the workability and mechanical properties of cement paste incorporating nano-TiO_(2).The findings indicated that,for nano-TiO_(2)aqueous solution concentrations of 3%,6%,9%,and 12%,the optimal dispersion effect was achieved with an ultrasonic dispersion time of 20 minutes.Specifically,at a 6%nano-TiO_(2)content,both the workability and mechanical performance of the cement paste were enhanced.Furthermore,while nano-TiO_(2)did not alter the types of hydration products present in the cement paste,it did increase the amount of C-S-H gels.This enhancement was attributed to a higher number of nucleation sites for hydration products,which promoted hydration and reduced the porosity of the cement paste.
文摘Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 is frequently associated with otorhinolaryngological manifestations,most notably a high prevalence of otitis media.Although multiple case reports have documented an increased prevalence of acute otitis media and mastoiditis in patients with LAD-1,no clinical or experimental studies have fully elucidated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this association.Despite guideline recommendations for urgent antibiotic therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media,a standardized treatment protocol for its complications remains lacking.Moreover,no established consensus exists regarding the optimal therapeutic approach for Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1associated cases.This report contributes to the scarce literature on acute mastoiditis in LAD-1 and underscores the need for a tailored,multidisciplinary approach.In the absence of standardized treatment protocols,further research is crucial to refine management strategies and improve outcomes in immunocompromised patients with acute otitis media complications.
基金supported by Science and Technology Plan of Luzhou under Grant No.2024JYJ039.
文摘This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in the design of antibacterial hydrogels and the surface-related factors influencing microbial adhesion to polymeric materials.Hydrogels,characterized by their three-dimensional porous architecture and ultra-high water content,serve as ideal platforms for incorporating antibacterial agents(e.g.,metal ions,natural polymers)through physical/chemical interactions,enabling sustained release and enhanced antibacterial efficacy.For traditional polymers,surface properties(e.g.,roughness,charge,superhydrophobicity,free energy,nanoforce gradients)play critical roles in microbial adhesion.Modifying the surface properties of polymers through surface treatment can regulate antibacterial performance.In particular,by referencing the micro/nanostructures found on natural surfaces such as lotus leaves and cicada wings,antibacterial surfaces with multiple superior functions can be fabricated.Collectively,these findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of multifunctional antibacterial materials,offering material-based solutions to address complex infection scenarios and advance infection management strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant/award number 52072266).
文摘Aiming to address the challenge of directly measuring the real-time adhesion coefficient between wheels and rails,this paper proposes an online estimation algorithm for the adhesion coefficient based on parameter estimation.Firstly,a force analysis of the single-wheel pair model of the train is conducted to derive the calculation relationship for the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient in train dynamics.Then,an estimator based on parameter estimation is designed,and its stability is verified.This estimator is combined with the wheelset force analysis to estimate the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient.Finally,the approach is validated through joint simulations on the MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim platforms,as well as a hardware-in-the-loop semi-physical simulation experimental platform that accounts for system delay and noise conditions.The results indicate that the proposed algorithm effectively tracks changes in the adhesion coefficient during train braking,including the decrease in adhesion when the train brakes and slides,and the overall increase as the train speed decreases.The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by setting different test conditions.The results show that the estimation algorithm can accurately estimate the adhesion coefficient,and through error analysis,it is found that the error between the estimated value of the adhesion coefficient and the theoretical value of the adhesion coefficient is within 5%.The adhesion coefficient obtained through the online estimation method based on the parameter estimation proposed in this paper demonstrates strong followability in both simulation and practical applications.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52235007,T2121004,and 52325504)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2024SSYS0027)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2024YFB4607700 and 2024YFB4607703)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20240312)。
文摘Tendon adhesion,a prevalent complication affecting over 30%of patients after a tendon injury or surgery,results in joint stiffness and impaired mobility.Although current treatments facilitate tendon repair,they are often insufficient in preventing adhesions and promoting optimal healing outcomes.To address these challenges,we developed an oriented cryostructured silk fibroin bandage(OCSFB)using the directional freeze-casting methodology.In vitro studies demonstrated that OCSFB provided a favorable microenvironment for cell viability,proliferation,and alignment,concurrently upregulating the expression of tendon-specific genes.In a rat Achilles tendon model,OCSFB significantly reduced adhesion formation and improved tendon healing.RNA-seq analysis further revealed modulation of cell adhesion molecules,substantiating its role in tissue regeneration.The integration of silk fibroin biocompatibility with a unique microstructure that facilitates cellular adhesion and proliferation renders OCSFB a promising approach for mitigating tendon adhesions and improving repair outcomes,establishing it as a robust candidate for clinical application.
基金Project(52372391)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Precise solutions for wheel-rail adhesion are important to the traction and braking of the high-speed trains under wet conditions.Current models predominantly rely on Hertzian contact theory assumptions.The present work proposes a novel non-Hertzian wheel-rail adhesion model to clarify the adhesion mechanisms under wet conditions.The non-Hertzian elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL)model was developed to obtain wheel-rail normal contact pressure under wet conditions with rough surfaces.The non-Hertzian extended creep force(ECF)model,which considers the effects of pressure and temperature on the elastic-plastic characteristics of the third body layer(3BL),was used to solve the tangential problems based on wheel-rail normal contact results.The numerical model was also validated by the high-speed wheel-rail adhesion laboratory tests.The wheel-rail rolling contact characteristics at different wheelset lateral displacements are investigated.The results reveal that the distributions of normal pressure,film thickness,tangential stress,and temperature show typical non-Hertzian characteristics.Finally,the effects of train speed and surface roughness on the adhesion characteristics are studied at different lateral displacements.The findings show that the present model can be used for the prediction of high-speed railway adhesion characteristics.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2406000 and 2021YFC2400402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101285,51932002,U21A2055 and U22A20160)
文摘Bacterial infection presents formidable challenges that frequently culminate in the malfunction of metal implants.Traditional surface treatment methods struggle to effectively achieve controllable management of bacterial infections associated with metal implants.To effectively enhance the antibacterial capabilities and preventing bacterial adhesion,electroactive materials have emerged as a groundbreaking strategy for surface modification of metal.By responding to external signals,the electroactive materials can improve antibacterial properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion on the implant surface through harnessing the electrostatic interaction of charges,ion release,oxidation of reactive oxygen species(ROS),electron transfer,and the involvement of cellular immunity.This review delves into the principles of how electroactive materials confer implants with antibacterial properties and antibacterial adhesion,while also summarizing the latest research breakthroughs in their application for surface modification.These strategies successfully strike a balance between the antibacterial and the antimicrobial performance of the implant surface.Lastly,the review examines the limitations and ongoing challenges faced by electroactive material modification technology in implant applications,and sketches out the future trajectory and potential innovative avenues in this promising field.
基金supported by the National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(No.Y2022-Ⅲ-0004-0013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272065)+3 种基金the Sicence and Technology Plan Project of Suzhou City(N0.SZKXM202301)the Technical Service Project of Suzhou University(No.2024xhx 140)the Suzhou University Doctoral Research Foundation(No.2023BSK013)the Natural Science Research Project in the Universities of Anhui Province(No.2023AH053390).
文摘This study investigates the interfacial adhesion enhancement mechanisms of TiAlN coatings deposited on nitrocarburized 300M ultra-high-strength steel substrates.Through radio frequency(RF)magnetron sputtering technology,TiAlN coatings(approximately 4μm thick)are fabricated on both pristine and plasma-nitrocarburized(PNC)substrates.Comparative analyses of phase composition,microstructure,and mechanical properties are conducted using field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),nanoindentation,and scratch testing.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations with Materials Studio(MS)software elucidate atomicscale interactions between TiAlN coatings and substrates.Results demonstrate that the PNC pretreatment generates a dual-phase structure(about 65μm thick)comprising theγ-Fe4N compound layer and a high-hardness diffusion layer,establishing a continuous hardness gradient at the coating-substrate interface.The PNC/TiAlN composite coating exhibits enhanced interfacial adhesion strength,attributed to mechanical interlocking from plasma-etched microvoids and optimized lattice matching.Scratch tests reveal a significant increase in critical load to 60 N for coating delamination in PNC/TiAlN systems compared with monolayer coatings.These improvements mitigate brittle spallation risks while maintaining superior hardness(29.26 GPa)and wear resistance.This paper provides atomiclevel insights into adhesion enhancement mechanisms and proposes a viable duplex surface engineering strategy for high-strength steel components.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe intraabdominal adhesions and ventral hernias pose significant technical challenges in bariatric surgery,especially in patients with a history of complex abdominal procedures.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a case involving a 30-year-old morbidly obese man who previously underwent a right lobe hepatectomy for living donor liver transplan-tation.The patient presented with a body mass index of 40.7 kg/m2 and a giant incisional hernia,compounded by extensive intraabdominal adhesions from mul-tiple previous surgeries.A laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed as the initial step of a staged surgical plan.Adhesiolysis was conducted carefully to address the dense intraabdominal adhesions,and the procedure was completed successfully using standard stapling techniques.Postoperative recovery was smooth,with significant weight loss achieved within the first month.CONCLUSION This case highlights the need for personalized surgical planning and precise techniques in bariatric surgery for patients with past abdominal operations.
