Metabolic network construction plays a pivotal role in unraveling the regulatory mechanism of biological activities,although it often proves to be challenging and labor-intensive,particularly with non-model organisms....Metabolic network construction plays a pivotal role in unraveling the regulatory mechanism of biological activities,although it often proves to be challenging and labor-intensive,particularly with non-model organisms.In this study,we develop a computational approach that employs reaction models based on the structure-guided chemical modification and related compounds to construct a metabolic network in wheat.This construction results in a comprehensive structure-guided network,including 625 identified metabolites and additional 333 putative reactions compared with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Using a combination of gene annotation,reaction classification,structure similarity,and correlations from transcriptome and metabolome analysis,a total of 229 potential genes related to these reactions are identified within this network.To validate the network,the functionality of a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase(TraesCS3D01G314900)for the synthesis of polyphenols and a rhamnosyltransferase(TraesCS2D01G078700)for the modification of flavonoids are verified through in vitro enzymatic studies and wheat mutant tests,respectively.Our research thus supports the utility of structure-guided chemical modification as an effective tool in identifying causal candidate genes for constructing metabolic networks and further in metabolomic genetic studies.展开更多
Hyperspectral imaging was applied to classify the damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels.The spectral information was extracted from damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels samples.The effective wavelengths were ...Hyperspectral imaging was applied to classify the damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels.The spectral information was extracted from damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels samples.The effective wavelengths were obtained from spectral of 865-1711 nm by X-loadings of principal component analysis(PCA)and successive projection algorithm(SPA)method,respectively.Partial least square method(PLS)and least square-support vector machine(LS-SVM)were then used to build classification models on full spectral data and effective wavelengths dataset,respectively.The results showed that the classification accuracy of every LS-SVM model was the best,being 100%.While the accuracy of the PLS model was slightly lower,still over 97%.The confusion matrix showed that several damaged wheat kernels samples were misclassified as healthy samples,while all healthy samples were correctly classified.The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging could be used for discriminating the damaged wheat kernels and could provide a reference for detecting other grain kernels grading degrees.Further,this study can provide a research basis for the development of online or portable detectors on grain damaged kernels recognition,which will be beneficial for grain grading or post-harvest quality processing of other grains.展开更多
The objective of this study was to explore the potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with statistical regression models and neural networks for nondestructive prediction of protein content of wheat...The objective of this study was to explore the potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with statistical regression models and neural networks for nondestructive prediction of protein content of wheat kernels.Seventy-nine samples from 11 breeds of wheat kernels were collected.The protein percentage of each sample measured by semimicro-Kjeldahl method was taken as the reference value.After comparing the prediction models of principal components regression(PCR)and partial least squares regression(PLSR)with various pretreatment methods,PLSR preprocessed by zero mean normalization(z score)function of MATLAB was found to obtain better prediction results than other regression models.Based on 10 latent variables of PLSR,the radial basis function(RBF)neural network was applied to improve the prediction,in which the coefficients of determination(R2)were greater than 0.92 for both the calibration set and validation set,while the corresponding RMSE values were 0.3496 and 0.4005,respectively.Therefore,hyperspectral imaging can provide a fast and non-destructive method for predicting the wheat kernels’protein content.展开更多
对农作物品种正确分类是作物分类学的重要内容,为考察X-ray成像技术对小麦品种分类研究的有效性,基于软X-ray成像仪采集的3品种(Kama,Rosa and Canadian)每个品种70个籽粒,共210个籽粒样本的X-ray扫描图像,并针对其7个形态几何特征(面...对农作物品种正确分类是作物分类学的重要内容,为考察X-ray成像技术对小麦品种分类研究的有效性,基于软X-ray成像仪采集的3品种(Kama,Rosa and Canadian)每个品种70个籽粒,共210个籽粒样本的X-ray扫描图像,并针对其7个形态几何特征(面积、周长、紧致度、籽粒长度、宽度、偏斜度、种子腹沟长度),提出了一种使用Kernel-ICA的方法先对特征进行优化,再进行小麦品种的聚类与识别的方法,并与K-means、C-means 2种聚类方法以及基于工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)2种识别方法的分类结果进行比较,结果发现:分类正确率从高到低分别为:Kernel-ICA、SVM、C-means、K-means、BP-ANN,分类正确率分别为:91.9%、90.5%、89.5%、87.1%、86.9%。研究提出的Kernel-ICA的方法,聚类优化和识别能力较强,对软X-ray成像的小麦品种进行分类,已基本上满足农艺上对小麦品种分类需要,对农作物种质资源鉴别和作物品种分类研究具有积极意义。展开更多
为明确低温胁迫对孕穗期冬小麦光合性能的影响,该研究利用叶绿素荧光成像技术(chlorophyll fluorescence imaging,CFI)对低温胁迫下冬小麦的叶绿素荧光参数进行研究分析。试验设定3种低温处理(T1:12℃/4℃(日/夜)、T2:8℃/0℃、T3:4℃/-...为明确低温胁迫对孕穗期冬小麦光合性能的影响,该研究利用叶绿素荧光成像技术(chlorophyll fluorescence imaging,CFI)对低温胁迫下冬小麦的叶绿素荧光参数进行研究分析。试验设定3种低温处理(T1:12℃/4℃(日/夜)、T2:8℃/0℃、T3:4℃/-4℃),测定了冬小麦植株的叶绿素荧光强度(chlorophyll fluorescence intensity,CHL)、光系统Ⅱ(photosystemⅡ,PSⅡ)实际量子产额(Φ_(PSⅡ))、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching,qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(non-photochemical quenching,NPQ)、PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产额(quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSⅡ,ΦNo)、PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的量子产额(quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical quenching in PSⅡ,ΦNPQ)、蓝光(475 nm)和红光(640 nm)反射强度(BLUE、RED)等参数,分析低温胁迫对孕穗期冬小麦光合生理的影响。结果表明:随胁迫温度降低,CHL、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP值显著降低,BLUE、RED、NPQ、ΦNo和ΦNPQ值显著升高。CHL、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP的概率密度分布向低值区偏移且分布离散程度增大,BLUE、RED、NPQ、ΦNo和ΦNPQ的概率密度分布向高值区偏移且分布离散程度增大。低温胁迫导致冬小麦叶绿素含量下降,PSⅡ反应中心结构损伤与电子传递链受阻。T1处理受低温影响较小;T2处理在低温影响下,PSⅡ功能受抑制;T3处理Φ_(PSⅡ)较CK相对降低21.5%(P<0.01),ΦNo和ΦNPQ较CK分别显著升高22.4%和18.6%(P<0.01),光合机构受损,光能分配失衡。各参数变异系数表明,ΦNo、Φ_(PSⅡ)、NPQ和CHL等参数对低温变化较敏感,可以作为孕穗期冬小麦遭遇低温胁迫后的胁迫程度评价指标。展开更多
Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis m...Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis meters, sap analysis is becoming a promising tool for genotype screening. In this study, we measured Brix and pH of flag leaf juice of 10 winter wheat genotypes after heading stage. Brix value tended to increase during the measurement period. Brix value of flag leaf sap was negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight. The pH values of flag leaf sap were negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight.展开更多
The use of asbestos material is being avoided to manufacture the brake pads as it is harmful and toxic in nature. Further it leads to various health issues like asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancers. These brake p...The use of asbestos material is being avoided to manufacture the brake pads as it is harmful and toxic in nature. Further it leads to various health issues like asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancers. These brake pads can be replaced by natural fibers like Palm kernel (0-50%), Nile roses (0-15%) and Wheat (0-10%) with additives like aluminum oxide (5%-20%) and graphite powder (10%-35%). Phenolic resin of 35% is utilized as a binder. Particulated Nile roses are used to increase the friction coefficient and wheat powder is used to reduce the wear rate. Aluminum oxide and graphite are abrasive in nature. This helps to make brake pads with high friction co-efficient and less wear rate with low noise pollution. The wear of the proposed composites have been investigated at different speeds. Various tests like wear on pin-ondisc apparatus, hardness on the Rockwell hardness apparatus and oil absorption test have been conducted. Phenolic resin produces good bonding nature to fiber. Thus, Fibers found to have performed palatably among all commercial brake pads. The objective of the research indicates that Palm kernal shell could be a conceivable alternative for asbestos in friction coating materials.展开更多
基金supported by the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province,the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists of Hubei Province(2021CFA058)the First-Class Discipline Construction Funds of College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University(2023ZKPY005).
文摘Metabolic network construction plays a pivotal role in unraveling the regulatory mechanism of biological activities,although it often proves to be challenging and labor-intensive,particularly with non-model organisms.In this study,we develop a computational approach that employs reaction models based on the structure-guided chemical modification and related compounds to construct a metabolic network in wheat.This construction results in a comprehensive structure-guided network,including 625 identified metabolites and additional 333 putative reactions compared with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.Using a combination of gene annotation,reaction classification,structure similarity,and correlations from transcriptome and metabolome analysis,a total of 229 potential genes related to these reactions are identified within this network.To validate the network,the functionality of a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase(TraesCS3D01G314900)for the synthesis of polyphenols and a rhamnosyltransferase(TraesCS2D01G078700)for the modification of flavonoids are verified through in vitro enzymatic studies and wheat mutant tests,respectively.Our research thus supports the utility of structure-guided chemical modification as an effective tool in identifying causal candidate genes for constructing metabolic networks and further in metabolomic genetic studies.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31671632No.31701325)Green Farming and Mechanical Innovation Team of Fruit Harvesting under Soil.
文摘Hyperspectral imaging was applied to classify the damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels.The spectral information was extracted from damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels samples.The effective wavelengths were obtained from spectral of 865-1711 nm by X-loadings of principal component analysis(PCA)and successive projection algorithm(SPA)method,respectively.Partial least square method(PLS)and least square-support vector machine(LS-SVM)were then used to build classification models on full spectral data and effective wavelengths dataset,respectively.The results showed that the classification accuracy of every LS-SVM model was the best,being 100%.While the accuracy of the PLS model was slightly lower,still over 97%.The confusion matrix showed that several damaged wheat kernels samples were misclassified as healthy samples,while all healthy samples were correctly classified.The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging could be used for discriminating the damaged wheat kernels and could provide a reference for detecting other grain kernels grading degrees.Further,this study can provide a research basis for the development of online or portable detectors on grain damaged kernels recognition,which will be beneficial for grain grading or post-harvest quality processing of other grains.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31501228,61473235,41301450)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2015JM3110)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Z109021561,QN2013062,2452015381)Scientific Research Foundation for Doctor,Northwest A&F University(2012BSJJ027)Comprehensive Innovation Technology Project of Shaanxi Province(2015KTZDNY01-06)Special Talent Fund of Shaanxi Province(Z111021303).
文摘The objective of this study was to explore the potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging combined with statistical regression models and neural networks for nondestructive prediction of protein content of wheat kernels.Seventy-nine samples from 11 breeds of wheat kernels were collected.The protein percentage of each sample measured by semimicro-Kjeldahl method was taken as the reference value.After comparing the prediction models of principal components regression(PCR)and partial least squares regression(PLSR)with various pretreatment methods,PLSR preprocessed by zero mean normalization(z score)function of MATLAB was found to obtain better prediction results than other regression models.Based on 10 latent variables of PLSR,the radial basis function(RBF)neural network was applied to improve the prediction,in which the coefficients of determination(R2)were greater than 0.92 for both the calibration set and validation set,while the corresponding RMSE values were 0.3496 and 0.4005,respectively.Therefore,hyperspectral imaging can provide a fast and non-destructive method for predicting the wheat kernels’protein content.
文摘对农作物品种正确分类是作物分类学的重要内容,为考察X-ray成像技术对小麦品种分类研究的有效性,基于软X-ray成像仪采集的3品种(Kama,Rosa and Canadian)每个品种70个籽粒,共210个籽粒样本的X-ray扫描图像,并针对其7个形态几何特征(面积、周长、紧致度、籽粒长度、宽度、偏斜度、种子腹沟长度),提出了一种使用Kernel-ICA的方法先对特征进行优化,再进行小麦品种的聚类与识别的方法,并与K-means、C-means 2种聚类方法以及基于工神经网络(ANN)和支持向量机(SVM)2种识别方法的分类结果进行比较,结果发现:分类正确率从高到低分别为:Kernel-ICA、SVM、C-means、K-means、BP-ANN,分类正确率分别为:91.9%、90.5%、89.5%、87.1%、86.9%。研究提出的Kernel-ICA的方法,聚类优化和识别能力较强,对软X-ray成像的小麦品种进行分类,已基本上满足农艺上对小麦品种分类需要,对农作物种质资源鉴别和作物品种分类研究具有积极意义。
文摘为明确低温胁迫对孕穗期冬小麦光合性能的影响,该研究利用叶绿素荧光成像技术(chlorophyll fluorescence imaging,CFI)对低温胁迫下冬小麦的叶绿素荧光参数进行研究分析。试验设定3种低温处理(T1:12℃/4℃(日/夜)、T2:8℃/0℃、T3:4℃/-4℃),测定了冬小麦植株的叶绿素荧光强度(chlorophyll fluorescence intensity,CHL)、光系统Ⅱ(photosystemⅡ,PSⅡ)实际量子产额(Φ_(PSⅡ))、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching,qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(non-photochemical quenching,NPQ)、PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产额(quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSⅡ,ΦNo)、PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的量子产额(quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical quenching in PSⅡ,ΦNPQ)、蓝光(475 nm)和红光(640 nm)反射强度(BLUE、RED)等参数,分析低温胁迫对孕穗期冬小麦光合生理的影响。结果表明:随胁迫温度降低,CHL、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP值显著降低,BLUE、RED、NPQ、ΦNo和ΦNPQ值显著升高。CHL、Φ_(PSⅡ)和qP的概率密度分布向低值区偏移且分布离散程度增大,BLUE、RED、NPQ、ΦNo和ΦNPQ的概率密度分布向高值区偏移且分布离散程度增大。低温胁迫导致冬小麦叶绿素含量下降,PSⅡ反应中心结构损伤与电子传递链受阻。T1处理受低温影响较小;T2处理在低温影响下,PSⅡ功能受抑制;T3处理Φ_(PSⅡ)较CK相对降低21.5%(P<0.01),ΦNo和ΦNPQ较CK分别显著升高22.4%和18.6%(P<0.01),光合机构受损,光能分配失衡。各参数变异系数表明,ΦNo、Φ_(PSⅡ)、NPQ和CHL等参数对低温变化较敏感,可以作为孕穗期冬小麦遭遇低温胁迫后的胁迫程度评价指标。
基金Item supported by national natural sciencefoundation (No.20337010)
文摘Plant tissue sap analysis is becoming an established tool for crop fertilization recommendation. Few research was conducted to use it as screening tools in crop breeding. With introduction of hhand-held sap analysis meters, sap analysis is becoming a promising tool for genotype screening. In this study, we measured Brix and pH of flag leaf juice of 10 winter wheat genotypes after heading stage. Brix value tended to increase during the measurement period. Brix value of flag leaf sap was negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight. The pH values of flag leaf sap were negatively correlated with kernel number per spike and grain yield per spike, positively correlated with kernel weight.
文摘The use of asbestos material is being avoided to manufacture the brake pads as it is harmful and toxic in nature. Further it leads to various health issues like asbestosis, mesothelioma and lung cancers. These brake pads can be replaced by natural fibers like Palm kernel (0-50%), Nile roses (0-15%) and Wheat (0-10%) with additives like aluminum oxide (5%-20%) and graphite powder (10%-35%). Phenolic resin of 35% is utilized as a binder. Particulated Nile roses are used to increase the friction coefficient and wheat powder is used to reduce the wear rate. Aluminum oxide and graphite are abrasive in nature. This helps to make brake pads with high friction co-efficient and less wear rate with low noise pollution. The wear of the proposed composites have been investigated at different speeds. Various tests like wear on pin-ondisc apparatus, hardness on the Rockwell hardness apparatus and oil absorption test have been conducted. Phenolic resin produces good bonding nature to fiber. Thus, Fibers found to have performed palatably among all commercial brake pads. The objective of the research indicates that Palm kernal shell could be a conceivable alternative for asbestos in friction coating materials.
