One of the keys in time-dependent routing is determining the weight of each road network link based on traffic information.To facilitate the estimation of the road's weight,Global Position System(GPS)data are comm...One of the keys in time-dependent routing is determining the weight of each road network link based on traffic information.To facilitate the estimation of the road's weight,Global Position System(GPS)data are commonly used in obtaining real-time traffic information.However,the information obtained by taxi-GPS does not cover the entire road network.Aiming at incomplete traffic information on urban roads,this paper proposes a novel fuzzy inference method.It considers the combined effect of road grade,traffic information,and other spatial factors.Taking the third law of geography as the basic premise,that is,the more similar the geographical environment,the more similar the characteristics of the geographical target will be.This method uses a Typical Link Pattern(TLP)model to describe the geographical environment.The TLP represents typical road sections with complete information.Then,it determines the relationship between roads lacking traffic information and the TLPs according to their related factors.After obtaining the TLPs,this method ascertains the weight of road links by calculating their similarities with TLPs based on the theory of fuzzy inference.Aiming at road links at different places,the dividing-conquering strategy and globe algorithm are also introduced to calculate the weight.These two strategies are used to address the excessively fragmented or lengthy links.The experimental results with the case of Newcastle show robustness in that the average Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is 1.430 mph,and the bias is 0.2%;the overall RMSE is 11.067 mph,and the bias is 0.6%.This article is the first to combine the third law of geography with fuzzy inference,which significantly improves the estimation accuracy of road weights with incomplete information.Empirical application and validation show that the method can accurately predict vehicle speed under incomplete information.展开更多
We propose a fuzzy logic-based image retrieval system, in which the image similarity can be inferred in a nonlinear manner as human thinking. In the fuzzy inference process, weight assignments of multi-image features ...We propose a fuzzy logic-based image retrieval system, in which the image similarity can be inferred in a nonlinear manner as human thinking. In the fuzzy inference process, weight assignments of multi-image features were resolved impliedly. Each fuzzy rule was embedded into the subjectivity of human perception of image contents. A color histogram called the average area histogram is proposed to represent the color features. Experimental results show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies....Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies.Technological innovation is a short-term activity that attaches importance to economic benefits while human capital accumulation is a long-term strategic process with lifelong benefits,and human capital is the foundation of technological innovation.In empirical part,this paper adopts Solow Residual Method to calculate stock,elasticity and growth rate of human capital of 10 countries after eliminating physical capital,labor force and technological innovation.It is found that human capital stock in the United States is the largest and human capital growth in China is the fastest.Calculation is followed by measurement.We construct a comprehensive index of human capital by using Index Weight Assignment Method and Two-level&Three-factor CES Function to measure and predict human capital level in China.Both calculating and measuring results show that growth rate of China’s human capital is around 5%.In the future,for high-quality economic development,China should give priority to human capital development and comprehensively improve human capital competitiveness.展开更多
Safety risks are essential to the success or failure of the large⁃scale complex projects.In order to assess and evaluate the safety risks of the large⁃scale complex projects scientifically,a risk assessment method of ...Safety risks are essential to the success or failure of the large⁃scale complex projects.In order to assess and evaluate the safety risks of the large⁃scale complex projects scientifically,a risk assessment method of work breakdown structure and risk breakdown structure(WBS⁃RBS)is proposed to identify the project risks.In this paper,interval numbers are used to evaluate the risk levels,weights are assigned automatically based on the complexity and risk degree of WBS to distinguish three types of nodes in WBS,and a risk assessment algorithm is designed to assess safety risk at all layers of the project.A case study is conducted to demonstrate how to apply the method.The results show the practicality,robustness and efficiency of our new method,which can be applied to different kinds of large⁃scale complex projects in reality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2019YFC1804304]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41771478]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2019B02514].
文摘One of the keys in time-dependent routing is determining the weight of each road network link based on traffic information.To facilitate the estimation of the road's weight,Global Position System(GPS)data are commonly used in obtaining real-time traffic information.However,the information obtained by taxi-GPS does not cover the entire road network.Aiming at incomplete traffic information on urban roads,this paper proposes a novel fuzzy inference method.It considers the combined effect of road grade,traffic information,and other spatial factors.Taking the third law of geography as the basic premise,that is,the more similar the geographical environment,the more similar the characteristics of the geographical target will be.This method uses a Typical Link Pattern(TLP)model to describe the geographical environment.The TLP represents typical road sections with complete information.Then,it determines the relationship between roads lacking traffic information and the TLPs according to their related factors.After obtaining the TLPs,this method ascertains the weight of road links by calculating their similarities with TLPs based on the theory of fuzzy inference.Aiming at road links at different places,the dividing-conquering strategy and globe algorithm are also introduced to calculate the weight.These two strategies are used to address the excessively fragmented or lengthy links.The experimental results with the case of Newcastle show robustness in that the average Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is 1.430 mph,and the bias is 0.2%;the overall RMSE is 11.067 mph,and the bias is 0.6%.This article is the first to combine the third law of geography with fuzzy inference,which significantly improves the estimation accuracy of road weights with incomplete information.Empirical application and validation show that the method can accurately predict vehicle speed under incomplete information.
基金the National High Technology Research &Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2002AA413420)the Program of the Shanghai Education Commission(Grant No.06QZ003)the Found Program of the Shanghai College Select and Cultivate Excellent Young Teacher(Grant No.27007).
文摘We propose a fuzzy logic-based image retrieval system, in which the image similarity can be inferred in a nonlinear manner as human thinking. In the fuzzy inference process, weight assignments of multi-image features were resolved impliedly. Each fuzzy rule was embedded into the subjectivity of human perception of image contents. A color histogram called the average area histogram is proposed to represent the color features. Experimental results show the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed algorithms.
文摘Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies.Technological innovation is a short-term activity that attaches importance to economic benefits while human capital accumulation is a long-term strategic process with lifelong benefits,and human capital is the foundation of technological innovation.In empirical part,this paper adopts Solow Residual Method to calculate stock,elasticity and growth rate of human capital of 10 countries after eliminating physical capital,labor force and technological innovation.It is found that human capital stock in the United States is the largest and human capital growth in China is the fastest.Calculation is followed by measurement.We construct a comprehensive index of human capital by using Index Weight Assignment Method and Two-level&Three-factor CES Function to measure and predict human capital level in China.Both calculating and measuring results show that growth rate of China’s human capital is around 5%.In the future,for high-quality economic development,China should give priority to human capital development and comprehensively improve human capital competitiveness.
基金This paper was supported by National Social Science Foundation of China(2019⁃SKJJ⁃035)。
文摘Safety risks are essential to the success or failure of the large⁃scale complex projects.In order to assess and evaluate the safety risks of the large⁃scale complex projects scientifically,a risk assessment method of work breakdown structure and risk breakdown structure(WBS⁃RBS)is proposed to identify the project risks.In this paper,interval numbers are used to evaluate the risk levels,weights are assigned automatically based on the complexity and risk degree of WBS to distinguish three types of nodes in WBS,and a risk assessment algorithm is designed to assess safety risk at all layers of the project.A case study is conducted to demonstrate how to apply the method.The results show the practicality,robustness and efficiency of our new method,which can be applied to different kinds of large⁃scale complex projects in reality.
