In this paper, the notion of left weakly regular ordered semigroups is introduced. Furthermore, left weakly regular ordered semigroups are characterized by the properties of their left ideals, right ideals and （gener...In this paper, the notion of left weakly regular ordered semigroups is introduced. Furthermore, left weakly regular ordered semigroups are characterized by the properties of their left ideals, right ideals and （generalized） bi-ideals, and also by the properties of their fuzzy left ideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy （generalized） bi-ideals.展开更多
Let m be a positive integer, g（m） be the number of integers t for which 1 ≤ t ≤ m and there does not exist a positive integer n satisfying （ t = t（n） ） t^n＋1≡t（modm）.For a number x≥3, let G（x）=∑m≤tg（...Let m be a positive integer, g（m） be the number of integers t for which 1 ≤ t ≤ m and there does not exist a positive integer n satisfying （ t = t（n） ） t^n＋1≡t（modm）.For a number x≥3, let G（x）=∑m≤tg（m） In this paper, we obtain the asymptotic formula： .G（x）=αx^2＋O（xlogx）,ax x→∞ Our result improves the corresponding result with an error term O（xlog^2 x） of Yang Zhaohua obtained in 1986展开更多
The Grain v1 stream cipher is one of the seven finalists in the final e STREAM portfolio. Though many attacks have been published,no recovery attack better than exhaustive key search on full Grain v1 in the single key...The Grain v1 stream cipher is one of the seven finalists in the final e STREAM portfolio. Though many attacks have been published,no recovery attack better than exhaustive key search on full Grain v1 in the single key setting has been found yet. In this paper,new state recovery attacks on Grain v1 utilizing the weak normality order of the employed keystream output function in the cipher are proposed. These attacks have remarkable advantages in the offline time,online time and memory complexities,which are all better than exhaustive key search. The success probability of each new attack is 0.632. The proposed attack primarily depends on the order of weak normality of the employed keystream output function. This shows that the weak normality order should be carefully considered when designing the keystream output functions of Grain-like stream ciphers.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio（about 15 d B） in magnetic signal acquisition of banknotes, a new method of magnetic signal acquisition and processing is proposed taking RMB as an example. ...In order to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio（about 15 d B） in magnetic signal acquisition of banknotes, a new method of magnetic signal acquisition and processing is proposed taking RMB as an example. In this method, weak signa detection is performed to reduce the noise accompanied with the signal. Seven orders of Chebyshev（Ⅰ） filter and the anti-jamming technology are used in the PCB layout, and grounding modes are introduced to reduce the noise of the amplitude waveform. The proposed method reduce the final output noise by 2/3 and the sig nal-to-noise ratio is increased to 24 d B. The experimental results show that the magnetic signal of RMB banknotes are acquired by the circuit stability, which provides an important guarantee for the improvements of the anti-counterfeit and discrimination for banknotes performance.展开更多
Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique,we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter-Wu(BW)model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlaye...Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique,we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter-Wu(BW)model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlayer couplings.Via the finite-size analysis,we obtain the transition temperatures and critical exponents at repulsive and attractive interlayer couplings.The data for the repulsive interlayer coupling suggest continuous transitions,and the critical behaviors are the same as those of the 2D BW model,belonging to the four-state Potts universality class.The reduced energy cumulants and the histograms reveal that attractive coupling leads to weak firstorder phase transitions.The pseudocritical exponents with the existence of the interlayer couplings indicate that the first-order transition is very close to the critical point of the 2D standard BW model.展开更多
This paper deals with the calculation of a vector of reliable weights of decision alternatives on the basis of interval pairwise comparison judgments of experts. These weights are used to construct the ranking of deci...This paper deals with the calculation of a vector of reliable weights of decision alternatives on the basis of interval pairwise comparison judgments of experts. These weights are used to construct the ranking of decision alternatives and to solve selection problems, problems of ratings construction, resources allocation problems, scenarios evaluation problems, and other decision making problems. A comparative analysis of several popular models, which calculate interval weights on the basis of interval pairwise comparison matrices (IPCMs), was performed. The features of these models when they are applied to IPCMs with different inconsistency levels were identified. An algorithm is proposed which contains the stages for analyzing and increasing the IPCM inconsistency, calculating normalized interval weights, and calculating the ranking of decision alternatives on the basis of the resulting interval weights. It was found that the property of weak order preservation usually allowed identifying order-related intransitive expert pairwise comparison judgments. The correction of these elements leads to the removal of contradictions in resulting weights and increases the accuracy and reliability of results.展开更多
In this paper, the concepts of minimal and maximal left hyperideals in ordered semihypergroups are introduced, and several related properties are investigated. Furthermore,we introduce the concepts of weakly prime, qu...In this paper, the concepts of minimal and maximal left hyperideals in ordered semihypergroups are introduced, and several related properties are investigated. Furthermore,we introduce the concepts of weakly prime, quasi-prime, quasi-semiprime and weakly quasiprime left hyperideals of an ordered semihypergroup, and establish the relationship among the four classes of left hyperideals. Moreover, we give some characterizations of weakly quasiprime left hyperideals by the left hyperideals and weakly m-systems. We also characterize the quasi-prime left hyperideals in terms of the m-systems. In particular, we prove that an ordered semihypergroup S is strongly semisimple if and only if every left hyperideal of S is the intersection of all quasi-prime left hyperideals of S containing it.展开更多
We model the effects of weak fluctuations on the probability densities and normalized powers of vortex models for the Bessel–Gauss photon beam with fractional topological charge in the paraxial non-Kolmogorov turbule...We model the effects of weak fluctuations on the probability densities and normalized powers of vortex models for the Bessel–Gauss photon beam with fractional topological charge in the paraxial non-Kolmogorov turbulence channel. We find that probability density of signal vortex models is a function of deviation from the center of the photon beam, and the farther away from the beam center it is, the smaller the probability density is. For fractional topological charge, the average probability densities of signal/crosstalk vortex modes oscillate along the beam radius except the half-integer order. As the beam waist of the photon source grows, the average probability density of signal and crosstalk vortex modes grow together. Moreover, the peak of the average probability density of crosstalk vortex modes shifts outward from the beam center as the beam waist gets larger. The results also show that the smaller index of non-Kolmogorov turbulence and the smaller generalized refractive-index structure parameter may lead to the higher average probability densities of signal vortex modes and lower average probability densities of crosstalk vortex modes. Lower-coherence radius or beam waist can give rise to less reduction of the normalized powers of the signal vortex modes, which is opposite to the normalized powers of crosstalk vortex modes.展开更多
Let Q（x） be a nonnegative definite, symmetric matrix such that √Q（X） is Lipschitz con- tinuous. Given a real-valued function b（x） and a weak solution u（x） of div（QVu） = b, we find sufficient conditions in o...Let Q（x） be a nonnegative definite, symmetric matrix such that √Q（X） is Lipschitz con- tinuous. Given a real-valued function b（x） and a weak solution u（x） of div（QVu） = b, we find sufficient conditions in order that √Qu has some first order smoothness. Specifically, if is a bounded open set in Rn, we study when the components of vVu belong to the first order Sobolev space W1＇2（Ω） defined by Sawyer and Wheeden. Alternately we study when each of n first order Lipschitz vector field derivatives Xiu has some first order smoothness if u is a weak solution in Ω of ^-^-1 X^Xiu ＋ b = O. We do not assume that {Xi}is a HSrmander collection of vector fields in ~. The results signal ones for more general equations.展开更多
The formation of charged pion condensate in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and in the presence of the isospin chemical potential is studied in the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.The method of Schwinger prop...The formation of charged pion condensate in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and in the presence of the isospin chemical potential is studied in the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.The method of Schwinger proper time is extended to explore the quantities in the off-diagonal flavor space,i.e.the charged pion.In this framework,π^± are treated as bound states of quarks and not as point-like charged particles.The isospin chemical potential plays the role of a trigger for charged pion condensation.We obtain the associated effective potential as a function of the strength of the electromagnetic fields and find that it contains a sextic term which possibly induces a weak first order phase transition.The dependence of pion condensation on model parameters is investigated.展开更多
基金The NSF(10961014) of Chinathe NSF(0501332) of Guangdong Province+1 种基金the Excellent Youth Talent Foundation(2009SQRZ149) of Anhui Provincethe Fuyang Normal College Youth Foundation (2008LQ11)
文摘In this paper, the notion of left weakly regular ordered semigroups is introduced. Furthermore, left weakly regular ordered semigroups are characterized by the properties of their left ideals, right ideals and （generalized） bi-ideals, and also by the properties of their fuzzy left ideals, fuzzy right ideals and fuzzy （generalized） bi-ideals.
文摘Let m be a positive integer, g（m） be the number of integers t for which 1 ≤ t ≤ m and there does not exist a positive integer n satisfying （ t = t（n） ） t^n＋1≡t（modm）.For a number x≥3, let G（x）=∑m≤tg（m） In this paper, we obtain the asymptotic formula： .G（x）=αx^2＋O（xlogx）,ax x→∞ Our result improves the corresponding result with an error term O（xlog^2 x） of Yang Zhaohua obtained in 1986
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.61202491,61272041,61272488,61402523,61602514)the Science and Technology on Communication Security Laboratory Foundation of China under Grant No.9140C110303140C11051
文摘The Grain v1 stream cipher is one of the seven finalists in the final e STREAM portfolio. Though many attacks have been published,no recovery attack better than exhaustive key search on full Grain v1 in the single key setting has been found yet. In this paper,new state recovery attacks on Grain v1 utilizing the weak normality order of the employed keystream output function in the cipher are proposed. These attacks have remarkable advantages in the offline time,online time and memory complexities,which are all better than exhaustive key search. The success probability of each new attack is 0.632. The proposed attack primarily depends on the order of weak normality of the employed keystream output function. This shows that the weak normality order should be carefully considered when designing the keystream output functions of Grain-like stream ciphers.
基金Supported by the project of image recognition and control system in class A machine(HT201403)
文摘In order to solve the problem of low signal-to-noise ratio（about 15 d B） in magnetic signal acquisition of banknotes, a new method of magnetic signal acquisition and processing is proposed taking RMB as an example. In this method, weak signa detection is performed to reduce the noise accompanied with the signal. Seven orders of Chebyshev（Ⅰ） filter and the anti-jamming technology are used in the PCB layout, and grounding modes are introduced to reduce the noise of the amplitude waveform. The proposed method reduce the final output noise by 2/3 and the sig nal-to-noise ratio is increased to 24 d B. The experimental results show that the magnetic signal of RMB banknotes are acquired by the circuit stability, which provides an important guarantee for the improvements of the anti-counterfeit and discrimination for banknotes performance.
基金This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11405127 and 11904282).
文摘Using a Monte Carlo simulation and the single histogram reweighting technique,we study the critical behaviors and phase transitions of the Baxter-Wu(BW)model on a two-layer triangular lattice with Ising-type interlayer couplings.Via the finite-size analysis,we obtain the transition temperatures and critical exponents at repulsive and attractive interlayer couplings.The data for the repulsive interlayer coupling suggest continuous transitions,and the critical behaviors are the same as those of the 2D BW model,belonging to the four-state Potts universality class.The reduced energy cumulants and the histograms reveal that attractive coupling leads to weak firstorder phase transitions.The pseudocritical exponents with the existence of the interlayer couplings indicate that the first-order transition is very close to the critical point of the 2D standard BW model.
文摘This paper deals with the calculation of a vector of reliable weights of decision alternatives on the basis of interval pairwise comparison judgments of experts. These weights are used to construct the ranking of decision alternatives and to solve selection problems, problems of ratings construction, resources allocation problems, scenarios evaluation problems, and other decision making problems. A comparative analysis of several popular models, which calculate interval weights on the basis of interval pairwise comparison matrices (IPCMs), was performed. The features of these models when they are applied to IPCMs with different inconsistency levels were identified. An algorithm is proposed which contains the stages for analyzing and increasing the IPCM inconsistency, calculating normalized interval weights, and calculating the ranking of decision alternatives on the basis of the resulting interval weights. It was found that the property of weak order preservation usually allowed identifying order-related intransitive expert pairwise comparison judgments. The correction of these elements leads to the removal of contradictions in resulting weights and increases the accuracy and reliability of results.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11361027)the University Natural Science Project of Anhui Province(Grant No.KJ2015A161)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2014A030313625)the Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2014KZDXM055)
文摘In this paper, the concepts of minimal and maximal left hyperideals in ordered semihypergroups are introduced, and several related properties are investigated. Furthermore,we introduce the concepts of weakly prime, quasi-prime, quasi-semiprime and weakly quasiprime left hyperideals of an ordered semihypergroup, and establish the relationship among the four classes of left hyperideals. Moreover, we give some characterizations of weakly quasiprime left hyperideals by the left hyperideals and weakly m-systems. We also characterize the quasi-prime left hyperideals in terms of the m-systems. In particular, we prove that an ordered semihypergroup S is strongly semisimple if and only if every left hyperideal of S is the intersection of all quasi-prime left hyperideals of S containing it.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20140128)the National Natural Science Foundation of Special Theoretical Physics(Grant No.11447174)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP51517)
文摘We model the effects of weak fluctuations on the probability densities and normalized powers of vortex models for the Bessel–Gauss photon beam with fractional topological charge in the paraxial non-Kolmogorov turbulence channel. We find that probability density of signal vortex models is a function of deviation from the center of the photon beam, and the farther away from the beam center it is, the smaller the probability density is. For fractional topological charge, the average probability densities of signal/crosstalk vortex modes oscillate along the beam radius except the half-integer order. As the beam waist of the photon source grows, the average probability density of signal and crosstalk vortex modes grow together. Moreover, the peak of the average probability density of crosstalk vortex modes shifts outward from the beam center as the beam waist gets larger. The results also show that the smaller index of non-Kolmogorov turbulence and the smaller generalized refractive-index structure parameter may lead to the higher average probability densities of signal vortex modes and lower average probability densities of crosstalk vortex modes. Lower-coherence radius or beam waist can give rise to less reduction of the normalized powers of the signal vortex modes, which is opposite to the normalized powers of crosstalk vortex modes.
文摘Let Q（x） be a nonnegative definite, symmetric matrix such that √Q（X） is Lipschitz con- tinuous. Given a real-valued function b（x） and a weak solution u（x） of div（QVu） = b, we find sufficient conditions in order that √Qu has some first order smoothness. Specifically, if is a bounded open set in Rn, we study when the components of vVu belong to the first order Sobolev space W1＇2（Ω） defined by Sawyer and Wheeden. Alternately we study when each of n first order Lipschitz vector field derivatives Xiu has some first order smoothness if u is a weak solution in Ω of ^-^-1 X^Xiu ＋ b = O. We do not assume that {Xi}is a HSrmander collection of vector fields in ~. The results signal ones for more general equations.
基金supported by the NSFC under Grant number:11605254Major State Basic Research Development Program in China(2015CB856903)+1 种基金supported by the NSFC under Grant No.11725523,11735007 and 11261130311(CRC 110 by DFG and NSFC)supported by the CAS President’s international fellowship initiative(2017VMA0045)
文摘The formation of charged pion condensate in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and in the presence of the isospin chemical potential is studied in the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.The method of Schwinger proper time is extended to explore the quantities in the off-diagonal flavor space,i.e.the charged pion.In this framework,π^± are treated as bound states of quarks and not as point-like charged particles.The isospin chemical potential plays the role of a trigger for charged pion condensation.We obtain the associated effective potential as a function of the strength of the electromagnetic fields and find that it contains a sextic term which possibly induces a weak first order phase transition.The dependence of pion condensation on model parameters is investigated.
