Studies of wave-current interactions are vital for the safe design of structures.Regular waves in the presence of uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents are explored by the High-Level Green-Naghdi model in ...Studies of wave-current interactions are vital for the safe design of structures.Regular waves in the presence of uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents are explored by the High-Level Green-Naghdi model in this paper.The five-point central difference method is used for spatial discretization,and the fourth-order Adams predictor-corrector scheme is employed for marching in time.The domain-decomposition method is applied for the wave-current generation and absorption.The effects of currents on the wave profile and velocity field are examined under two conditions:the same velocity of currents at the still-water level and the constant flow volume of currents.Wave profiles and velocity fields demonstrate substantial differences in three types of currents owing to the diverse vertical distribution of current velocity and vorticity.Then,loads on small-scale vertical cylinders subjected to regular waves and three types of background currents with the same flow volume are investigated.The maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents increase sequentially.The stretched superposition method overestimates the maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in opposing currents and underestimates these values in following currents.The stretched superposition method obtains a poor approximation for strong nonlinear waves,particularly in the case of the opposing quadratic shear current.展开更多
We investigated the Stokes drift-driven ocean currents and Stokes drift-induced wind energy input into the upper ocean using a two-way coupled wave-current modeling system that consists of the Princeton Ocean Model ge...We investigated the Stokes drift-driven ocean currents and Stokes drift-induced wind energy input into the upper ocean using a two-way coupled wave-current modeling system that consists of the Princeton Ocean Model generalized coordinate system (POMgcs), Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model, and the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). The Coriolis-Stokes forcing (CSF) computed using the wave parameters from SWAN was incorporated with the momentum equation of POMgcs as the core coupling process. Experimental results in an idealized setting show that under the steady state, the scale of the speed of CSF-driven current was 0.001 m/s and the maximum reached 0.02 m/s. The Stokes drift-induced energy rate input into the model ocean was estimated to be 28.5 GW, taking 14% of the direct wind energy rate input. Considering the Stokes drift effects, the total mechanical energy rate input was increased by approximately 14%, which highlights the importance of CSF in modulating the upper ocean circulation. The actual run conducted in Taiwan Adjacent Sea (TAS) shows that: 1) CSF-based wave-current coupling has an impact on ocean surface currents, which is related to the activities of monsoon winds; 2) wave-current coupling plays a significant role in a place where strong eddies present and tends to intensify the eddy's vorticity; 3) wave-current coupling affects the volume transport of the Taiwan Strait (TS) throughflow in a nontrivial degree, 3.75% on average.展开更多
Wave-current interaction and its effects on the hydrodynamic environment in the Beibu Gulf(BG) have been investigated via employing the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport(COAWST) modeling system. The ...Wave-current interaction and its effects on the hydrodynamic environment in the Beibu Gulf(BG) have been investigated via employing the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport(COAWST) modeling system. The model could simulate reasonable hydrodynamics in the BG when validated by various observations.Vigorous tidal currents refract the waves efficiently and make the seas off the west coast of Hainan Island be the hot spot where currents modulate the significant wave height dramatically. During summer, wave-enhanced bottom stress could weaken the near-shore component of the gulf-scale cyclonic-circulation in the BG remarkably, inducing two major corresponding adjustments: Model results reveal that the deep-layer cold water from the southern BG makes critical contribution to maintaining the cold-water mass in the northern BG Basin.However, the weakened background circulation leads to less cold water transported from the southern gulf to the northern gulf, which finally triggers a 0.2℃ warming in the cold-water mass area;In the top areas of the BG, the suppressed background circulation reduces the transport of the diluted water to the central gulf. Therefore, more freshwater could be trapped locally, which then triggers lower sea surface salinity(SSS) in the near-field and higher SSS in the far-field.展开更多
Under the combination of currents and waves, seabed scour occurs around offshore wind turbine foundations, which affects the stability and safe operation of offshore wind turbines. In this study, physical model experi...Under the combination of currents and waves, seabed scour occurs around offshore wind turbine foundations, which affects the stability and safe operation of offshore wind turbines. In this study, physical model experiments under unidirectional flow, bidirectional flow, and wave-current interactions with different flow directions around the pile group foundation were first conducted to investigate the development of scour around the pile group foundation.Additionally, a three-dimensional scour numerical model was established via the open-source software REEF3D to simulate the flow field and scour around the prototype-scale foundation. The impact of flow on scour was discussed.Under unidirectional flow, scour equilibrium was reached more quickly, with the maximum scour depth reaching approximately 1.2 times the pile diameter and the extent of the scour hole spanning about 4.9 times the pile diameter.Compared with those under unidirectional flow, the scour depths under combinations of currents and waves, as well as bidirectional flow, were slightly smaller. However, the morphology of scour holes was more uniform and symmetrical. The numerical simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating the impact of varying flow directions on the velocity distribution around the foundation, the morphology of scour holes, and the location of the maximum scour depth.展开更多
The nonlinear dynamic response induced by the wave-current interaction on a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)is numerically investigated based on a three-dimensional(3 D)time-domain finite element method(FEM).The govern...The nonlinear dynamic response induced by the wave-current interaction on a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)is numerically investigated based on a three-dimensional(3 D)time-domain finite element method(FEM).The governing equation considering internal flow is established in the global coordinate system.The whole SWR consists of three segments:the decline segment,buoyancy segment and hang-off segment,in which the buoyancy segment is wrapped by several buoyancy modules in the middle section,leading to the arch bend and sag bend.A Newmark-β iterative scheme is adopted for the accurate analysis to solve the governing equation and update the dynamic response at each time step.The proposed method is verified through the published results for the dynamic response of steel catenary riser(SCR)and static configuration of steel lazy wave riser(SLWR).Simulations are executed to study the influence of wave height,current velocity/direction,internal flow density/velocity and top-end pressure on the tension,configuration and bending moment of the SWR.The results indicate that the influence of the current on the configuration and mechanical behavior of the SWR is greater than that of the wave,especially in the middle section.With increasing current velocity,the suspending height of the middle section drops,meanwhile,its bending moment decreases accordingly,but the tension increases significantly.For a fixed external load,the increasing internal flow density induces the amplification of the tension at the hang-off segment and the mitigation at the decline segment,while the opposite trend occurs at the bending moment.展开更多
Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms lig...Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.展开更多
The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF...The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.展开更多
Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticle...Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.展开更多
Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electro...Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.展开更多
Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based met...Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.展开更多
The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,rem...The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.展开更多
Kagome magnets are of growing interest due to their topological electronic structures and unconventional magnetic behavior.Here,we report on the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)in the kagome ferromagnet MgMn_(6)Sn_(6),which...Kagome magnets are of growing interest due to their topological electronic structures and unconventional magnetic behavior.Here,we report on the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)in the kagome ferromagnet MgMn_(6)Sn_(6),which has a Curie temperature of~290 K and an in-plane easy magnetization axis.Magnetotransport measurements show a positive magnetoresistance(MR)below 50 K,which becomes negative at higher temperatures.An intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity of 114 S·cm^(-1)is observed in MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) single crystals,consistent with ab initio calculations.Moreover,theoretical predictions indicate that shifting the Fermi level(EF)upward by~70 meV could enhance the AHE to~528 S·cm^(-1).These results position MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) as a promising and tunable platform for exploring topological magnetism and related electronic phenomena.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based ...[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based on the demonstration construction project of the ecological ditch-constructed wetland system in the Hetao Irrigation District,an experimental study was conducted from July to September 2023 to investigate the interception and purification effects of ecological ditches,constructed wetlands,and the combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system on farmland drainage pollutants.Key water quality parameters measured included total nitrogen(TN)concentration and total phosphorus(TP)concentration.[Results]Different treatment modes of ecological ditches and constructed wetlands have a certain removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water bodies.The ecological ditches treated with Astragalus laxmannii,Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,bio-ball substrate,and bio-sheet substrate showed reduction efficiencies for TN and TP of 21.09% and 23.84%,12.06% and 26.67%,20.08% and 34.15%,23.65% and 20.56%,and 19.92% and 25.83%,respectively.The emergent plant area showed reduction efficiencies of 24.28%for TN and 17.89%for TP,while the submerged plant area achieved a reduction efficiency of 10.21%for both TN and TP.Among the different treatment modes,the ecological ditch with M.sativa performed better in TP removal,whereas the bio-ball substrate treatment mode showed higher effectiveness in TN removal.In addition,the emergent plant area exhibited better TP removal performance,while the submerged plant area was more effective in TN removal.The combined system of ecological ditch and constructed wetland achieved removal rates of 37.55% for TN and 11.47% for TP.It effectively facilitates the step-by-step interception and adsorption purification of pollutants,thereby showing significant removal and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants.This contributes to mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.[Conclusions]The combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system serves dual functions of agricultural drainage and pollutant interception and purification.It reduces the pollution load of farmland drainage on receiving water bodies to some extent and mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,it is a relatively suitable technology for managing agricultural non-point source pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District.展开更多
The effect of adding hydroxycinnamic acids(caffeic acid,sinapic acid,p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid)in Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine before and after fermentation was investigated,taking into account the color...The effect of adding hydroxycinnamic acids(caffeic acid,sinapic acid,p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid)in Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine before and after fermentation was investigated,taking into account the color parameters,anthocyanin content,and overall polyphenol levels in the wine samples.The copigmentation effect of malvidin-3-Oglucoside and sinapic acid was further explored in model solution and through theoretical calculations.The results indicated that the addition of hydroxycinnamic acids significantly enhanced the wine's color with sinapic acid(before the fermentation)showing the most pronounced color protection effect.Compared to control samples,the addition of hydroxycinnamic acids resulted in a 36%increase in total phenolic content and a 28% increase in total anthocyanin content.Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the interaction between sinapic acid and malvidin-3-O-glucoside was spontaneous and exothermic.Theoretical studies identified hydrogen bonding(HB)and dispersion forces as the main primary stabilizing forces,with the carboxyl group of sinapic acid playing a critical role while the anthocyanin backbone also influenced the interaction.展开更多
Concerns about the long-term safety and efficacy of glibenclamide(GLIB),a type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)treatment,have been reported[1].Recent evidence indicates the gut microbiota composition significantly affects ho...Concerns about the long-term safety and efficacy of glibenclamide(GLIB),a type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)treatment,have been reported[1].Recent evidence indicates the gut microbiota composition significantly affects host glucose metabolism and drugbioavailability,increasingthe efficacy of T2DM therapy[2].In this context,probiotic-drug coadministration,an emerging adjunct approach for treating metabolic diseases,improves therapeutic outcomes and ameliorates side effects[3].展开更多
Stable isotope analysis of water(δD and δ^(18)O)is widely used to trace water cycle processes in aquatic ecosystems,based on the established assumption that biological activity does not cause isotopic fractionation ...Stable isotope analysis of water(δD and δ^(18)O)is widely used to trace water cycle processes in aquatic ecosystems,based on the established assumption that biological activity does not cause isotopic fractionation of water.Here,we found that phytoplankton photosynthesis elevated ambient water δ^(18)O and δD values,a conclusion supported by a large-scale survey across extensive spatiotemporal environmental gradients and further confirmed by a laboratory culture experiment.This biological effect depended on phytoplankton biomass and light utilization efficiency and could result in a deviation of at least 16.7% in the slope of the water δD-δ^(18)O regression line.We termed this phenomenon the“biological evaporation effect”.Given the potential universality of this effect across aquatic ecosystems,our findings challenge the conventional paradigm in isotope hydrology.展开更多
Iron and steel industry is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions in China.The sintering process is an important link in the blast furnace ironmaking process,but it is also accompanied by a large number of...Iron and steel industry is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions in China.The sintering process is an important link in the blast furnace ironmaking process,but it is also accompanied by a large number of pollutants.Under the background of ultra-low emissions,iron and steel enterprises urgently need to upgrade their existing processes to address the existing process in practical application problems.In this study,a steel group in Gansu Province was taken as an example.By comparing and analyzing the pollutant emission characteristics before and after the ultra-low emission retrofit,the collaborative control effect of the combined process on SO_(2),NO_(x),particulate matter,and dioxins after the new retrofit was systematically evaluated.The results show that after the retrofit,the concentrations of particulate matter,SO_(2) and NO_(x) have dropped to near-zero levels,and the dioxin removal efficiency has reached 98.87%,with all indicators being better than the national ultra-low emission standards.The study confirms that the optimal combination of multi-pollutant collaborative treatment technologies is the key to achieving efficient emission reduction,among which selective catalytic reduction technology has a particularly significant synergistic removal effect on NO_(x) and dioxins.This study provides an important technical reference and practical basis for the ultra-low emission retrofit of the steel industry,and has important guiding significance for promoting the green retrofit of the industry.Its ultra-low emission retrofit is of great significance for achieving green and low-carbon development.展开更多
Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative patho...Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continu...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continue to increase.While multiple clinical treatments exist,conventional therapies frequently present limitations and adverse effects.Natural polysaccharides(PSs)have emerged as a significant focus of research interest due to their therapeutic potential and applications in functional foods and health products.This review synthesizes current understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which natural PSs counter IBD,including their capacity to restore immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function,modulate gut microbiota and metabolites,reduce oxidative stress,and address irregularities in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).The review examines the structure-activity relationships of PSs demonstrating anti-IBD effects and identifies promising therapeutic products.The discussion encompasses pharmacokinetics,safety evaluations,and clinical applications of these compounds.This comprehensive review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing natural PS-based therapeutic approaches for IBD management.展开更多
基金Supported by the Development and Application Project of Ship CAE Software.
文摘Studies of wave-current interactions are vital for the safe design of structures.Regular waves in the presence of uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents are explored by the High-Level Green-Naghdi model in this paper.The five-point central difference method is used for spatial discretization,and the fourth-order Adams predictor-corrector scheme is employed for marching in time.The domain-decomposition method is applied for the wave-current generation and absorption.The effects of currents on the wave profile and velocity field are examined under two conditions:the same velocity of currents at the still-water level and the constant flow volume of currents.Wave profiles and velocity fields demonstrate substantial differences in three types of currents owing to the diverse vertical distribution of current velocity and vorticity.Then,loads on small-scale vertical cylinders subjected to regular waves and three types of background currents with the same flow volume are investigated.The maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in uniform,linear shear,and quadratic shear currents increase sequentially.The stretched superposition method overestimates the maximum load intensity and load fluctuation amplitude in opposing currents and underestimates these values in following currents.The stretched superposition method obtains a poor approximation for strong nonlinear waves,particularly in the case of the opposing quadratic shear current.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program(973Program)(Nos.2007CB816001,2005CB422302,2005CB422307and2007CB411806)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41030854,40776016,40906015,and40906016)+1 种基金the Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40490263,40976005)the Research Project of National Marine Data and Information Service(No.29106006C)
文摘We investigated the Stokes drift-driven ocean currents and Stokes drift-induced wind energy input into the upper ocean using a two-way coupled wave-current modeling system that consists of the Princeton Ocean Model generalized coordinate system (POMgcs), Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model, and the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT). The Coriolis-Stokes forcing (CSF) computed using the wave parameters from SWAN was incorporated with the momentum equation of POMgcs as the core coupling process. Experimental results in an idealized setting show that under the steady state, the scale of the speed of CSF-driven current was 0.001 m/s and the maximum reached 0.02 m/s. The Stokes drift-induced energy rate input into the model ocean was estimated to be 28.5 GW, taking 14% of the direct wind energy rate input. Considering the Stokes drift effects, the total mechanical energy rate input was increased by approximately 14%, which highlights the importance of CSF in modulating the upper ocean circulation. The actual run conducted in Taiwan Adjacent Sea (TAS) shows that: 1) CSF-based wave-current coupling has an impact on ocean surface currents, which is related to the activities of monsoon winds; 2) wave-current coupling plays a significant role in a place where strong eddies present and tends to intensify the eddy's vorticity; 3) wave-current coupling affects the volume transport of the Taiwan Strait (TS) throughflow in a nontrivial degree, 3.75% on average.
基金The Program for Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University under contract No.101302/R18001the Fund of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang)under contract No.ZJW-2019-08+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFC1401403the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476009 and 41776034
文摘Wave-current interaction and its effects on the hydrodynamic environment in the Beibu Gulf(BG) have been investigated via employing the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport(COAWST) modeling system. The model could simulate reasonable hydrodynamics in the BG when validated by various observations.Vigorous tidal currents refract the waves efficiently and make the seas off the west coast of Hainan Island be the hot spot where currents modulate the significant wave height dramatically. During summer, wave-enhanced bottom stress could weaken the near-shore component of the gulf-scale cyclonic-circulation in the BG remarkably, inducing two major corresponding adjustments: Model results reveal that the deep-layer cold water from the southern BG makes critical contribution to maintaining the cold-water mass in the northern BG Basin.However, the weakened background circulation leads to less cold water transported from the southern gulf to the northern gulf, which finally triggers a 0.2℃ warming in the cold-water mass area;In the top areas of the BG, the suppressed background circulation reduces the transport of the diluted water to the central gulf. Therefore, more freshwater could be trapped locally, which then triggers lower sea surface salinity(SSS) in the near-field and higher SSS in the far-field.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB2601100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51979190)。
文摘Under the combination of currents and waves, seabed scour occurs around offshore wind turbine foundations, which affects the stability and safe operation of offshore wind turbines. In this study, physical model experiments under unidirectional flow, bidirectional flow, and wave-current interactions with different flow directions around the pile group foundation were first conducted to investigate the development of scour around the pile group foundation.Additionally, a three-dimensional scour numerical model was established via the open-source software REEF3D to simulate the flow field and scour around the prototype-scale foundation. The impact of flow on scour was discussed.Under unidirectional flow, scour equilibrium was reached more quickly, with the maximum scour depth reaching approximately 1.2 times the pile diameter and the extent of the scour hole spanning about 4.9 times the pile diameter.Compared with those under unidirectional flow, the scour depths under combinations of currents and waves, as well as bidirectional flow, were slightly smaller. However, the morphology of scour holes was more uniform and symmetrical. The numerical simulation results show good agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating the impact of varying flow directions on the velocity distribution around the foundation, the morphology of scour holes, and the location of the maximum scour depth.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51861130358,51609109)the State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,China(Shanghai Jiao Tong University)(Grant No.1905)+1 种基金the Newton Advanced Fellowships of the Royal Societythe Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX20_3153)。
文摘The nonlinear dynamic response induced by the wave-current interaction on a deepwater steep wave riser(SWR)is numerically investigated based on a three-dimensional(3 D)time-domain finite element method(FEM).The governing equation considering internal flow is established in the global coordinate system.The whole SWR consists of three segments:the decline segment,buoyancy segment and hang-off segment,in which the buoyancy segment is wrapped by several buoyancy modules in the middle section,leading to the arch bend and sag bend.A Newmark-β iterative scheme is adopted for the accurate analysis to solve the governing equation and update the dynamic response at each time step.The proposed method is verified through the published results for the dynamic response of steel catenary riser(SCR)and static configuration of steel lazy wave riser(SLWR).Simulations are executed to study the influence of wave height,current velocity/direction,internal flow density/velocity and top-end pressure on the tension,configuration and bending moment of the SWR.The results indicate that the influence of the current on the configuration and mechanical behavior of the SWR is greater than that of the wave,especially in the middle section.With increasing current velocity,the suspending height of the middle section drops,meanwhile,its bending moment decreases accordingly,but the tension increases significantly.For a fixed external load,the increasing internal flow density induces the amplification of the tension at the hang-off segment and the mitigation at the decline segment,while the opposite trend occurs at the bending moment.
文摘Herein,3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES)was used to modify F‑containing silica slag(SS)by simple grafting and served as a multifunctional barrier layer.The amino group(—NH2)in the amino‑modified SS(NH2‑SS)forms ligand bonds or hydrogen bonds with sulfur ions in lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),thus inhibiting the shuttle effect.Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that lithium‑sulfur(Li‑S)batteries employing the NH2‑SS interlayer exhibited discharge specific capacities of 1048 and 789 mAh·g^(-1) at 0.2C and 2C,respectively,and even at 4C,the initial discharge specific capacity remained at 590 mAh·g^(-1),outperforming the Li‑S battery with unmodified SS as the interlayer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875039)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2023-033)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021221071)China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgical Innovation Foundation(2022)2023 Anhui Major Industrial Innovation Plan Project。
文摘The in-flight heating process of cerium dioxide(CeO_(2))powders was investigated through experiments and numerical simulations.In the experiment,CeO_(2)powder(average size of 30μm)was injected into radio-frequency(RF)argon plasma,and the temperatures were measured using a DPV-2000 monitor.A model combining the electromagnetism,thermal flow,and heat transfer characteristics of powder during in-flight heating in argon plasma was proposed.The melting processes of CeO_(2)powders of different diameters,with and without thermal resistance effect,were investigated.Results show that the heating process of CeO_(2)powder particles consists of three main stages,one of which is relevant to a dimensionless parameter known as the Biot number.When the Biot value≥0.1,thermal resistance increases significantly,especially for the larger powders.The predicted temperature of the particles at the outlet(1800–2880 K)is in good agreement with the experimental result.
文摘Chitosan(CTS)was grafted onto the surface of amino‑functionalized silver chloride silicon dioxide(AgCl@SiO_(2)‑NH_(2))cores to obtain AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticles.The as‑obtained AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS nanoparticles were chlorinated by NaClO solution to get AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑based chloramine nano‑hybrid materials,denoted as AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.A transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of the as‑prepared samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.At the same time,an X‑ray diffractometer and an infrared spectroscope were utilized to characterize their crystal and chemical structures.Besides,ζpotentials were measured to elucidate the surface modification of AgCl nanoparticles by—NH_(2),the antibacterial mechanism of AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl was investigated by scanning electron microscopy,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as the to‑be‑tested strains to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of samples AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS and AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl.Findings demonstrate that sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS exhibits a chain‑like structure ascribed to the interaction between—NH_(2),and each AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS hybrid nanoparticle contains several AgCl cores.In the meantime,sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against E.coli and S.aureus,which is attributed to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Ag^(+)and Cl^(-).Sample AgCl@SiO_(2)/CTS‑Cl with a dosage of 640.00μg·mL^(-1) could completely kill the two kinds of tested bacteria in 12 h of incubation;it retains a high antibacterial efficiency even after 10 cycles of antibacterial tests.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(K202005007)+2 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Young Talents(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(202101BA070001-138)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023.
文摘Rechargeable Zn/Sn-air batteries have received considerable attention as promising energy storage devices.However,the electrochemical performance of these batteries is significantly constrained by the sluggish electrocatalytic reaction kinetics at the cathode.The integration of light energy into Zn/Sn-air batteries is a promising strategy for enhancing their performance.However,the photothermal and photoelectric effects generate heat in the battery under prolonged solar irradiation,leading to air cathode instability.This paper presents the first design and synthesis of Ni_(2)-1,5-diamino-4,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone(Ni_(2)DDA),an electronically conductiveπ-d conjugated metal-organic framework(MOF).Ni_(2)DDA exhibits both photoelectric and photothermal effects,with an optical band gap of~1.14 eV.Under illumination,Ni_(2)DDA achieves excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance(with an overpotential of 245 mV vs.reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm^(−2))and photothermal stability.These properties result from the synergy between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of Ni_(2)DDA.Upon integration into Zn/Sn-air batteries,Ni_(2)DDA ensures excellent cycling stability under light and exhibits remarkable performance in high-temperature environments up to 80℃.This study experimentally confirms the stable operation of photo-assisted Zn/Sn-air batteries under high-temperature conditions for the first time and provides novel insights into the application of electronically conductive MOFs in photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal catalysis.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00143178)the Ministry of Education(MOE)(Nos.2022R1A6A3A13053896 and 2022R1F1A1074616),Republic of Korea.
文摘Beam-tracking simulations have been extensively utilized in the study of collective beam instabilities in circular accelerators.Traditionally,many simulation codes have relied on central processing unit(CPU)-based methods,tracking on a single CPU core,or parallelizing the computation across multiple cores via the message passing interface(MPI).Although these approaches work well for single-bunch tracking,scaling them to multiple bunches significantly increases the computational load,which often necessitates the use of a dedicated multi-CPU cluster.To address this challenge,alternative methods leveraging General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units(GPGPU)have been proposed,enabling tracking studies on a standalone desktop personal computer(PC).However,frequent CPU-GPU interactions,including data transfers and synchronization operations during tracking,can introduce communication overheads,potentially reducing the overall effectiveness of GPU-based computations.In this study,we propose a novel approach that eliminates this overhead by performing the entire tracking simulation process exclusively on the GPU,thereby enabling the simultaneous processing of all bunches and their macro-particles.Specifically,we introduce MBTRACK2-CUDA,a Compute Unified Device Architecture(CUDA)ported version of MBTRACK2,which facilitates efficient tracking of single-and multi-bunch collective effects by leveraging the full GPU-resident computation.
文摘The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204347)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402600)the Fund from Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2023BNLCMPKF011)。
文摘Kagome magnets are of growing interest due to their topological electronic structures and unconventional magnetic behavior.Here,we report on the anomalous Hall effect(AHE)in the kagome ferromagnet MgMn_(6)Sn_(6),which has a Curie temperature of~290 K and an in-plane easy magnetization axis.Magnetotransport measurements show a positive magnetoresistance(MR)below 50 K,which becomes negative at higher temperatures.An intrinsic anomalous Hall conductivity of 114 S·cm^(-1)is observed in MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) single crystals,consistent with ab initio calculations.Moreover,theoretical predictions indicate that shifting the Fermi level(EF)upward by~70 meV could enhance the AHE to~528 S·cm^(-1).These results position MgMn_(6)Sn_(6) as a promising and tunable platform for exploring topological magnetism and related electronic phenomena.
基金Supported by Special Fund Project for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021CG0013)Bayannur City Science and Technology Plan Project(K202014)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project(2022YFHH0088)Research Special Project of the Education Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(STAQZX202320).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the control mode of farmland drainage pollutants and investigate the effects of ecological ditch and wetland on reducing farmland drainage pollutants in Hetao Irrigation District.[Methods]Based on the demonstration construction project of the ecological ditch-constructed wetland system in the Hetao Irrigation District,an experimental study was conducted from July to September 2023 to investigate the interception and purification effects of ecological ditches,constructed wetlands,and the combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system on farmland drainage pollutants.Key water quality parameters measured included total nitrogen(TN)concentration and total phosphorus(TP)concentration.[Results]Different treatment modes of ecological ditches and constructed wetlands have a certain removal effect on nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in water bodies.The ecological ditches treated with Astragalus laxmannii,Melilotus officinalis,Medicago sativa,bio-ball substrate,and bio-sheet substrate showed reduction efficiencies for TN and TP of 21.09% and 23.84%,12.06% and 26.67%,20.08% and 34.15%,23.65% and 20.56%,and 19.92% and 25.83%,respectively.The emergent plant area showed reduction efficiencies of 24.28%for TN and 17.89%for TP,while the submerged plant area achieved a reduction efficiency of 10.21%for both TN and TP.Among the different treatment modes,the ecological ditch with M.sativa performed better in TP removal,whereas the bio-ball substrate treatment mode showed higher effectiveness in TN removal.In addition,the emergent plant area exhibited better TP removal performance,while the submerged plant area was more effective in TN removal.The combined system of ecological ditch and constructed wetland achieved removal rates of 37.55% for TN and 11.47% for TP.It effectively facilitates the step-by-step interception and adsorption purification of pollutants,thereby showing significant removal and purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants.This contributes to mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.[Conclusions]The combined ecological ditch-constructed wetland system serves dual functions of agricultural drainage and pollutant interception and purification.It reduces the pollution load of farmland drainage on receiving water bodies to some extent and mitigates agricultural non-point source pollution.Therefore,it is a relatively suitable technology for managing agricultural non-point source pollution in the Hetao Irrigation District.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2024NC-YBXM-146)the Xi’an Agricultural Technology Research and Development Project,China(24NYGG0048)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Xianyang,China(L2024-ZDYF-ZDYF-NY-0028)the National Foreign Expert Project of China(G2023172002L)。
文摘The effect of adding hydroxycinnamic acids(caffeic acid,sinapic acid,p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid)in Cabernet Sauvignon dry red wine before and after fermentation was investigated,taking into account the color parameters,anthocyanin content,and overall polyphenol levels in the wine samples.The copigmentation effect of malvidin-3-Oglucoside and sinapic acid was further explored in model solution and through theoretical calculations.The results indicated that the addition of hydroxycinnamic acids significantly enhanced the wine's color with sinapic acid(before the fermentation)showing the most pronounced color protection effect.Compared to control samples,the addition of hydroxycinnamic acids resulted in a 36%increase in total phenolic content and a 28% increase in total anthocyanin content.Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the interaction between sinapic acid and malvidin-3-O-glucoside was spontaneous and exothermic.Theoretical studies identified hydrogen bonding(HB)and dispersion forces as the main primary stabilizing forces,with the carboxyl group of sinapic acid playing a critical role while the anthocyanin backbone also influenced the interaction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32525049).
文摘Concerns about the long-term safety and efficacy of glibenclamide(GLIB),a type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)treatment,have been reported[1].Recent evidence indicates the gut microbiota composition significantly affects host glucose metabolism and drugbioavailability,increasingthe efficacy of T2DM therapy[2].In this context,probiotic-drug coadministration,an emerging adjunct approach for treating metabolic diseases,improves therapeutic outcomes and ameliorates side effects[3].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42293264&42293262)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20241196).
文摘Stable isotope analysis of water(δD and δ^(18)O)is widely used to trace water cycle processes in aquatic ecosystems,based on the established assumption that biological activity does not cause isotopic fractionation of water.Here,we found that phytoplankton photosynthesis elevated ambient water δ^(18)O and δD values,a conclusion supported by a large-scale survey across extensive spatiotemporal environmental gradients and further confirmed by a laboratory culture experiment.This biological effect depended on phytoplankton biomass and light utilization efficiency and could result in a deviation of at least 16.7% in the slope of the water δD-δ^(18)O regression line.We termed this phenomenon the“biological evaporation effect”.Given the potential universality of this effect across aquatic ecosystems,our findings challenge the conventional paradigm in isotope hydrology.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(22YF7FA070)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22406076,22466026)the Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202301BE070001-017,202401CF070139,202401AS070085)。
文摘Iron and steel industry is one of the main sources of air pollution emissions in China.The sintering process is an important link in the blast furnace ironmaking process,but it is also accompanied by a large number of pollutants.Under the background of ultra-low emissions,iron and steel enterprises urgently need to upgrade their existing processes to address the existing process in practical application problems.In this study,a steel group in Gansu Province was taken as an example.By comparing and analyzing the pollutant emission characteristics before and after the ultra-low emission retrofit,the collaborative control effect of the combined process on SO_(2),NO_(x),particulate matter,and dioxins after the new retrofit was systematically evaluated.The results show that after the retrofit,the concentrations of particulate matter,SO_(2) and NO_(x) have dropped to near-zero levels,and the dioxin removal efficiency has reached 98.87%,with all indicators being better than the national ultra-low emission standards.The study confirms that the optimal combination of multi-pollutant collaborative treatment technologies is the key to achieving efficient emission reduction,among which selective catalytic reduction technology has a particularly significant synergistic removal effect on NO_(x) and dioxins.This study provides an important technical reference and practical basis for the ultra-low emission retrofit of the steel industry,and has important guiding significance for promoting the green retrofit of the industry.Its ultra-low emission retrofit is of great significance for achieving green and low-carbon development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32170121).
文摘Benzalkonium chloride(BAC)is widely employed as a broad-spectrum biocide and has emerged as a significant environmental pollutant.Polymyxin B(PB)serves as the last-line defense for the treatment of Gram-negative pathogens.Previous studies reported that BAC-adapted Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased the tolerance to PB.Herein,we present the novel finding that the combination of BAC and PB exhibited synergistic antibacterial effects against P.aeruginosa.Time-killing assay demonstrated a significant reduction in bacterial cell viability.Scanning electron microscopy,zeta potential analysis,hydrophobicity measurements,and fluorescence probe analyses collectively revealed severe disruption of the cell envelope and membrane potential induced by the combination of BAC and PB.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the BAC-PB combination notably downreg-ulated the expression of genes involved in lipid A modification and cell envelope production,including phoPQ,pmrAB,bamABCDE,lptABCDEG,lolB,yidC,and murJ.Additionally,the combination group exhibited augmented production of reactive oxygen species and diminished ATP synthesis.The expression of the genes associated with substance metabolism and energy generation was significantly impeded.This study provides significant implica-tions for the interactions of biocides and antibiotics on Gram-negative pathogens,while also addressing antibiotic resistance and developing the external treatment strategy for Pseudomonas-infected wounds and burns.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82003977,82274134 and 82274139)the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC1702200)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C04020)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2025C02183).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),which includes Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC),is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract.The global incidence and prevalence of IBD continue to increase.While multiple clinical treatments exist,conventional therapies frequently present limitations and adverse effects.Natural polysaccharides(PSs)have emerged as a significant focus of research interest due to their therapeutic potential and applications in functional foods and health products.This review synthesizes current understanding of IBD pathophysiology and the mechanisms by which natural PSs counter IBD,including their capacity to restore immune homeostasis and intestinal barrier function,modulate gut microbiota and metabolites,reduce oxidative stress,and address irregularities in autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS).The review examines the structure-activity relationships of PSs demonstrating anti-IBD effects and identifies promising therapeutic products.The discussion encompasses pharmacokinetics,safety evaluations,and clinical applications of these compounds.This comprehensive review establishes a theoretical foundation for developing natural PS-based therapeutic approaches for IBD management.
