We analyzed the seismic waveforms from the December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake recorded at broadband seismic stations in western Europe. Previous studies involving of the beam-forming technique and high frequ...We analyzed the seismic waveforms from the December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake recorded at broadband seismic stations in western Europe. Previous studies involving of the beam-forming technique and high frequency analysis suggest that the earthquake ruptured with a duration of around 500 s. This very long duration makes P wave overlap with later arrivals such as PP wave, which follows P in about 200 s. Since P waves are crucial for modeling earthquake processes, we propose an iterative method to separate P and PP waveforms. The separated P waveform confirms a second large energy release around 300 s after the initial rupture. The iterative signal separation technique is particularly useful for mixed signals that are not independent and the number of recording stations far exceeds number of mixed signal sources.展开更多
The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is applicable to both regular and irregular trains; of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave ga...The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is applicable to both regular and irregular trains; of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experiments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily obtained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improvement of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient. The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phase difference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conducted and compared with Goda's method and satisfactory results are obtained.展开更多
Diffracted seismic waves may be used to help identify and track geologically heterogeneous bodies or zones.However,the energy of diffracted waves is weaker than that of reflections.Therefore,the extraction of diffract...Diffracted seismic waves may be used to help identify and track geologically heterogeneous bodies or zones.However,the energy of diffracted waves is weaker than that of reflections.Therefore,the extraction of diffracted waves is the basis for the effective utilization of diffracted waves.Based on the difference in travel times between diffracted and reflected waves,we developed a method for separating the diffracted waves via singular value decomposition filters and presented an effective processing flowchart for diffracted wave separation and imaging.The research results show that the horizontally coherent difference between the reflected and diffracted waves can be further improved using normal move-out(NMO) correction.Then,a band-rank or high-rank approximation is used to suppress the reflected waves with better transverse coherence.Following,separation of reflected and diffracted waves is achieved after the filtered data are transformed into the original data domain by inverse NMO.Synthetic and field examples show that our proposed method has the advantages of fewer constraints,fast processing speed and complete extraction of diffracted waves.And the diffracted wave imaging results can effectively improve the identification accuracy of geological heterogeneous bodies or zones.展开更多
Ultrasonic Lamb waves are considered as a sensitive and effective tool for nondestructive testing and evaluation of plate-like or pipe-like structures. The nature of multimode and dispersion causes the wave packets to...Ultrasonic Lamb waves are considered as a sensitive and effective tool for nondestructive testing and evaluation of plate-like or pipe-like structures. The nature of multimode and dispersion causes the wave packets to spread, and the modes overlap in both time and frequency domains as they propagate through the structures. By using a two-component laser interferometer technique, in combination with a priori knowledge of the dispersion characteristics and wave structure information of Lamb wave modes, a two-component signal processing technique is presented for implementing dispersion removal and mode separation simultaneously for two modes mixture signals of Lamb waves. The proposed algorithm is first processed and verified using synthetic Lamb wave signals. Then, the two-component displacements test experiment is conducted using different aluminum plate samples. Moreover, we confirm the effectiveness and robustness of this method.展开更多
The separation of waves by an interpolation method is presented in detail. The composite wave sequences measured with two wave gauges in the wave flume are separated very quickly into two series of incident and reflec...The separation of waves by an interpolation method is presented in detail. The composite wave sequences measured with two wave gauges in the wave flume are separated very quickly into two series of incident and reflected waves in time domain via the simple interpolation and difference operations. Then, the reflection coefficient can be estimated easily and accurately without calculation of wave heights and phases. The intial phase of reflection can also be detected easily for improvement of the accuracy of calculation. The present method is applicable to both regular and irregular trains of waves based on the linear wave theory which are proved to be accurate through numerical sample tests. Physical experiments are conducted and compared with Goda′s method and analytical method with satisfactory results. Furthermore, the present method can be used for the absorbing wave maker to extract reflected waves in real time.展开更多
Transcranial focused ultrasound is a booming noninvasive therapy for brain stimuli. The Kelvin–Voigt equations are employed to calculate the sound field created by focusing a 256-element planar phased array through a...Transcranial focused ultrasound is a booming noninvasive therapy for brain stimuli. The Kelvin–Voigt equations are employed to calculate the sound field created by focusing a 256-element planar phased array through a monkey skull with the time-reversal method. Mode conversions between compressional and shear waves exist in the skull. Therefore, the wave field separation method is introduced to calculate the contributions of the two waves to the acoustic intensity and the heat source, respectively. The Pennes equation is used to depict the temperature field induced by ultrasound. Five computational models with the same incident angle of 0？and different distances from the focus for the skull and three computational models at different incident angles and the same distance from the focus for the skull are studied. Numerical results indicate that for all computational models, the acoustic intensity at the focus with mode conversions is 12.05%less than that without mode conversions on average. For the temperature rise, this percentage is 12.02%. Besides, an underestimation of both the acoustic intensity and the temperature rise in the skull tends to occur if mode conversions are ignored. However, if the incident angle exceeds 30？, the rules of the over-and under-estimation may be reversed. Moreover,shear waves contribute 20.54% of the acoustic intensity and 20.74% of the temperature rise in the skull on average for all computational models. The percentage of the temperature rise in the skull from shear waves declines with the increase of the duration of the ultrasound.展开更多
In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this...In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this, especially when the velocity field is complex. A useful approach in multi-component analysis and modeling is to directly solve the elastic wave equations for the pure P- or S-wavefields, referred as the separate elastic wave equa- tions. In this study, we compare two kinds of such wave equations： the first-order （velocity-stress） and the second- order （displacement-stress） separate elastic wave equa- tions, with the first-order （velocity-stress） and the second- order （displacement-stress） full （or mixed） elastic wave equations using a high-order staggered grid finite-differ- ence method. Comparisons are given of wavefield snap- shots, common-source gather seismic sections, and individual synthetic seismogram. The simulation tests show that equivalent results can be obtained, regardless of whether the first-order or second-order separate elastic wave equations are used for obtaining the pure P- or S-wavefield. The stacked pure P- and S-wavefields are equal to the mixed wave fields calculated using the corre- sponding first-order or second-order full elastic wave equations. These mixed equations are computationallyslightly less expensive than solving the separate equations. The attraction of the separate equations is that they achieve separated P- and S-wavefields which can be used to test the efficacy of wave decomposition procedures in multi-com- ponent processing. The second-order separate elastic wave equations are a good choice because they offer information on the pure P-wave or S-wave displacements.展开更多
Future gravitational wave(GW)observatories,such as the Einstein Telescope,are anticipated to encounter overlapping GW signals,presenting considerable obstacles to GW data processing techniques,including signal identif...Future gravitational wave(GW)observatories,such as the Einstein Telescope,are anticipated to encounter overlapping GW signals,presenting considerable obstacles to GW data processing techniques,including signal identification and parameter estimation.In this letter,we propose a scheme of combining deep learning and Bayesian analysis to disentangle overlapping GW signals.The deep learning part takes a data-driven approach that employs an encoder-separation-decoder framework which is powerful enough to extract the shape of the signal even when the GW signals completely align.The Bayesian analysis part takes the matched filtering technique to extract the amplitude of the GW signals.Our scheme can facilitate the utilization of existing GW detection and parameter estimation methods for future instances of overlapping strain.This methodology effectively reduces biases in parameter estimation when handling multiple intertwined signals.Remarkably,this marks the first known instance where deep learning has been successfully utilized to disentangle overlapping GW signals.展开更多
China＇s continental deposition basins are characterized by complex geological structures and various reservoir lithologies. Therefore, high precision exploration methods are needed. High density spatial sampling is a...China＇s continental deposition basins are characterized by complex geological structures and various reservoir lithologies. Therefore, high precision exploration methods are needed. High density spatial sampling is a new technology to increase the accuracy of seismic exploration. We briefly discuss point source and receiver technology, analyze the high density spatial sampling in situ method, introduce the symmetric sampling principles presented by Gijs J. O. Vermeer, and discuss high density spatial sampling technology from the point of view of wave field continuity. We emphasize the analysis of the high density spatial sampling characteristics, including the high density first break advantages for investigation of near surface structure, improving static correction precision, the use of dense receiver spacing at short offsets to increase the effective coverage at shallow depth, and the accuracy of reflection imaging. Coherent noise is not aliased and the noise analysis precision and suppression increases as a result. High density spatial sampling enhances wave field continuity and the accuracy of various mathematical transforms, which benefits wave field separation. Finally, we point out that the difficult part of high density spatial sampling technology is the data processing. More research needs to be done on the methods of analyzing and processing huge amounts of seismic data.展开更多
The Hartley transform is a real integral transform based on harmonic functions and has some characteristics similar to the Fourier transform. Most applications in ocean engineering requiring the Fourier transform can ...The Hartley transform is a real integral transform based on harmonic functions and has some characteristics similar to the Fourier transform. Most applications in ocean engineering requiring the Fourier transform can also be performed by the Hartley transform. The fast Hartley transform is twice faster and more convenient to handle than the corresponding fast Fourier transform, so it is a real valued alternative to the complex Fourier transform in many applications. The use of the Hartley transform in ocean engineering is presented in detail in this paper, including wave spectral analysis, separation Of waves, cross-correlation in PIV technique and expression of equation in the Hartley domain. The examples in the paper show deeply the advantage and efficiency of the Hartley transform over the Fourier transform.展开更多
Ocean bottom seismograph （OBS） is widely used in investigating deep crustal structure, which is characterized by a large amount of data information and abundant frequency components because of its multi-component ac...Ocean bottom seismograph （OBS） is widely used in investigating deep crustal structure, which is characterized by a large amount of data information and abundant frequency components because of its multi-component acquisition. OBS is seldom used in deepwater oil and gas exploration and basin research due to the high cost. The complicated seismic wave field is caused by the complex seabed topography, basin and oil and gas structure in deepwater area, which increases the difficulty of image processing. In addition to reflection imaging, we utilize the multiple of OBS data to make accurate imaging and have achieved desirable results in a deep sea area in South China Sea in this paper. Firstly, the original P and Z components of OBS data are processed by wave field separation to obtain the upgoing wave filed and downgoing wave filed. Secondly, its image velocity filed is constructed. Finally, downgoing wave data is used to image （called mirror migration）. Compared with conventional migration, the mirror migration can clearly image the seabed and provide better illumination for shallow layer below the seafloor in the case of sparse nodes, which is proved by the migration results of theoretical and real data in this paper.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a new technique of finding the PDE＇s traveling wave solutions based on the T-transformations. Using T-representation method we find a new class ofKorteveg-de Vries solution and propose metho...In this paper, we propose a new technique of finding the PDE＇s traveling wave solutions based on the T-transformations. Using T-representation method we find a new class ofKorteveg-de Vries solution and propose method for studing the multi-solitone solutions of the Korteveg-de Vries type equations.展开更多
基金supported by CAS fund(KZCX2-YW-116-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(40821160549 and 41074032)China Earthquake Administration fund(200808078)
文摘We analyzed the seismic waveforms from the December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake recorded at broadband seismic stations in western Europe. Previous studies involving of the beam-forming technique and high frequency analysis suggest that the earthquake ruptured with a duration of around 500 s. This very long duration makes P wave overlap with later arrivals such as PP wave, which follows P in about 200 s. Since P waves are crucial for modeling earthquake processes, we propose an iterative method to separate P and PP waveforms. The separated P waveform confirms a second large energy release around 300 s after the initial rupture. The iterative signal separation technique is particularly useful for mixed signals that are not independent and the number of recording stations far exceeds number of mixed signal sources.
基金This project was financially supported by the Trans-Century Training Program Fund for the Talent,Ministry of Education of China.
文摘The analytical method (AM) for separation of composite waves is presented based on the Hilbert transform. It is applicable to both regular and irregular trains; of waves. The wave data series measured with two wave gauges in the experiments are separated into two series of incident and reflected waves. Then, the reflection coefficient can be easily obtained. The arrival of reflected waves can also be detected for improvement of the accuracy of the reflection coefficient. The reflection performance of the physical model can be estimated exactly without calculation of wave height and phase difference. Numerical samples developed to test the method are proved to be accurate. Physical experiments are conducted and compared with Goda's method and satisfactory results are obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41874123)Shaanxi Province Natural Science Basic Research Project(2017JZ007)PetroChina Innovation Foundation(2014D-5006-0303)。
文摘Diffracted seismic waves may be used to help identify and track geologically heterogeneous bodies or zones.However,the energy of diffracted waves is weaker than that of reflections.Therefore,the extraction of diffracted waves is the basis for the effective utilization of diffracted waves.Based on the difference in travel times between diffracted and reflected waves,we developed a method for separating the diffracted waves via singular value decomposition filters and presented an effective processing flowchart for diffracted wave separation and imaging.The research results show that the horizontally coherent difference between the reflected and diffracted waves can be further improved using normal move-out(NMO) correction.Then,a band-rank or high-rank approximation is used to suppress the reflected waves with better transverse coherence.Following,separation of reflected and diffracted waves is achieved after the filtered data are transformed into the original data domain by inverse NMO.Synthetic and field examples show that our proposed method has the advantages of fewer constraints,fast processing speed and complete extraction of diffracted waves.And the diffracted wave imaging results can effectively improve the identification accuracy of geological heterogeneous bodies or zones.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11374230)
文摘Ultrasonic Lamb waves are considered as a sensitive and effective tool for nondestructive testing and evaluation of plate-like or pipe-like structures. The nature of multimode and dispersion causes the wave packets to spread, and the modes overlap in both time and frequency domains as they propagate through the structures. By using a two-component laser interferometer technique, in combination with a priori knowledge of the dispersion characteristics and wave structure information of Lamb wave modes, a two-component signal processing technique is presented for implementing dispersion removal and mode separation simultaneously for two modes mixture signals of Lamb waves. The proposed algorithm is first processed and verified using synthetic Lamb wave signals. Then, the two-component displacements test experiment is conducted using different aluminum plate samples. Moreover, we confirm the effectiveness and robustness of this method.
文摘The separation of waves by an interpolation method is presented in detail. The composite wave sequences measured with two wave gauges in the wave flume are separated very quickly into two series of incident and reflected waves in time domain via the simple interpolation and difference operations. Then, the reflection coefficient can be estimated easily and accurately without calculation of wave heights and phases. The intial phase of reflection can also be detected easily for improvement of the accuracy of calculation. The present method is applicable to both regular and irregular trains of waves based on the linear wave theory which are proved to be accurate through numerical sample tests. Physical experiments are conducted and compared with Goda′s method and analytical method with satisfactory results. Furthermore, the present method can be used for the absorbing wave maker to extract reflected waves in real time.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81527901,11604361,and 91630309)
文摘Transcranial focused ultrasound is a booming noninvasive therapy for brain stimuli. The Kelvin–Voigt equations are employed to calculate the sound field created by focusing a 256-element planar phased array through a monkey skull with the time-reversal method. Mode conversions between compressional and shear waves exist in the skull. Therefore, the wave field separation method is introduced to calculate the contributions of the two waves to the acoustic intensity and the heat source, respectively. The Pennes equation is used to depict the temperature field induced by ultrasound. Five computational models with the same incident angle of 0？and different distances from the focus for the skull and three computational models at different incident angles and the same distance from the focus for the skull are studied. Numerical results indicate that for all computational models, the acoustic intensity at the focus with mode conversions is 12.05%less than that without mode conversions on average. For the temperature rise, this percentage is 12.02%. Besides, an underestimation of both the acoustic intensity and the temperature rise in the skull tends to occur if mode conversions are ignored. However, if the incident angle exceeds 30？, the rules of the over-and under-estimation may be reversed. Moreover,shear waves contribute 20.54% of the acoustic intensity and 20.74% of the temperature rise in the skull on average for all computational models. The percentage of the temperature rise in the skull from shear waves declines with the increase of the duration of the ultrasound.
基金partially supported by China National Major Science and Technology Project (Subproject No:2011ZX05024-001-03)
文摘In seismic exploration, it is common practice to separate the P-wavefield from the S-wavefield by the elastic wavefield decomposition technique, for imaging purposes. However, it is sometimes difficult to achieve this, especially when the velocity field is complex. A useful approach in multi-component analysis and modeling is to directly solve the elastic wave equations for the pure P- or S-wavefields, referred as the separate elastic wave equa- tions. In this study, we compare two kinds of such wave equations： the first-order （velocity-stress） and the second- order （displacement-stress） separate elastic wave equa- tions, with the first-order （velocity-stress） and the second- order （displacement-stress） full （or mixed） elastic wave equations using a high-order staggered grid finite-differ- ence method. Comparisons are given of wavefield snap- shots, common-source gather seismic sections, and individual synthetic seismogram. The simulation tests show that equivalent results can be obtained, regardless of whether the first-order or second-order separate elastic wave equations are used for obtaining the pure P- or S-wavefield. The stacked pure P- and S-wavefields are equal to the mixed wave fields calculated using the corre- sponding first-order or second-order full elastic wave equations. These mixed equations are computationallyslightly less expensive than solving the separate equations. The attraction of the separate equations is that they achieve separated P- and S-wavefields which can be used to test the efficacy of wave decomposition procedures in multi-com- ponent processing. The second-order separate elastic wave equations are a good choice because they offer information on the pure P-wave or S-wave displacements.
基金supported by the Gravitational-Wave Open Science Centera service of LIGO Laboratory+6 种基金the LIGO Scientific Collaborationthe Virgo Collaborationsupported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2203001)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11920101003,12021003,12463012,1236402411864014)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi(Grant Nos.20224BAB211012 and 20224BAB201023)Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Intelligent Perception and Control of China(Grant No.2024SSY03161)。
文摘Future gravitational wave(GW)observatories,such as the Einstein Telescope,are anticipated to encounter overlapping GW signals,presenting considerable obstacles to GW data processing techniques,including signal identification and parameter estimation.In this letter,we propose a scheme of combining deep learning and Bayesian analysis to disentangle overlapping GW signals.The deep learning part takes a data-driven approach that employs an encoder-separation-decoder framework which is powerful enough to extract the shape of the signal even when the GW signals completely align.The Bayesian analysis part takes the matched filtering technique to extract the amplitude of the GW signals.Our scheme can facilitate the utilization of existing GW detection and parameter estimation methods for future instances of overlapping strain.This methodology effectively reduces biases in parameter estimation when handling multiple intertwined signals.Remarkably,this marks the first known instance where deep learning has been successfully utilized to disentangle overlapping GW signals.
文摘China＇s continental deposition basins are characterized by complex geological structures and various reservoir lithologies. Therefore, high precision exploration methods are needed. High density spatial sampling is a new technology to increase the accuracy of seismic exploration. We briefly discuss point source and receiver technology, analyze the high density spatial sampling in situ method, introduce the symmetric sampling principles presented by Gijs J. O. Vermeer, and discuss high density spatial sampling technology from the point of view of wave field continuity. We emphasize the analysis of the high density spatial sampling characteristics, including the high density first break advantages for investigation of near surface structure, improving static correction precision, the use of dense receiver spacing at short offsets to increase the effective coverage at shallow depth, and the accuracy of reflection imaging. Coherent noise is not aliased and the noise analysis precision and suppression increases as a result. High density spatial sampling enhances wave field continuity and the accuracy of various mathematical transforms, which benefits wave field separation. Finally, we point out that the difficult part of high density spatial sampling technology is the data processing. More research needs to be done on the methods of analyzing and processing huge amounts of seismic data.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars under contract No. 50125924.
文摘The Hartley transform is a real integral transform based on harmonic functions and has some characteristics similar to the Fourier transform. Most applications in ocean engineering requiring the Fourier transform can also be performed by the Hartley transform. The fast Hartley transform is twice faster and more convenient to handle than the corresponding fast Fourier transform, so it is a real valued alternative to the complex Fourier transform in many applications. The use of the Hartley transform in ocean engineering is presented in detail in this paper, including wave spectral analysis, separation Of waves, cross-correlation in PIV technique and expression of equation in the Hartley domain. The examples in the paper show deeply the advantage and efficiency of the Hartley transform over the Fourier transform.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41230318)the National High Technology Research and Development Program 863 (No. 2013AA092501)the Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Innovation Project of Aoshan (No. 2015ASKJ03)
文摘Ocean bottom seismograph （OBS） is widely used in investigating deep crustal structure, which is characterized by a large amount of data information and abundant frequency components because of its multi-component acquisition. OBS is seldom used in deepwater oil and gas exploration and basin research due to the high cost. The complicated seismic wave field is caused by the complex seabed topography, basin and oil and gas structure in deepwater area, which increases the difficulty of image processing. In addition to reflection imaging, we utilize the multiple of OBS data to make accurate imaging and have achieved desirable results in a deep sea area in South China Sea in this paper. Firstly, the original P and Z components of OBS data are processed by wave field separation to obtain the upgoing wave filed and downgoing wave filed. Secondly, its image velocity filed is constructed. Finally, downgoing wave data is used to image （called mirror migration）. Compared with conventional migration, the mirror migration can clearly image the seabed and provide better illumination for shallow layer below the seafloor in the case of sparse nodes, which is proved by the migration results of theoretical and real data in this paper.
文摘In this paper, we propose a new technique of finding the PDE＇s traveling wave solutions based on the T-transformations. Using T-representation method we find a new class ofKorteveg-de Vries solution and propose method for studing the multi-solitone solutions of the Korteveg-de Vries type equations.
