[Objectives]To investigate the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and common mental disorders,and to provide genetic epidemiological evidence for the early intervention of mental comorbidities.[Methods]Ba...[Objectives]To investigate the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and common mental disorders,and to provide genetic epidemiological evidence for the early intervention of mental comorbidities.[Methods]Based on publicly available large-scale GWAS data,a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach was employed to assess the causal associations between psoriasis and major depressive disorder(MDD),bipolar disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety disorders.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method served as the primary analytical tool,supplemented by sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and weighted median methods.Additionally,a subgroup analysis was conducted for psoriatic arthritis(PsA).[Results]Forward MR analysis revealed a significant positive causal association between the genetic predisposition to psoriasis and bipolar disorder as well as MDD,whereas no significant causal relationship was observed with schizophrenia or anxiety disorders.The reverse MR analysis found no causal effect of mental disorders on psoriasis.Subgroup analysis of PsA indicated that its genetic predisposition was significantly associated with the risk of bipolar disorder.The results of various sensitivity analyses and pleiotropy tests supported the robustness of the conclusions.[Conclusions]This study provides genetic evidence supporting a causal link between psoriasis and both MDD and bipolar disorder.In particular,patients with PsA are at a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder,highlighting the need to strengthen early screening and intervention for mental health in clinical management.展开更多
Clinically differentiating bipolarⅡdisorder(BD-Ⅱ)from major depressive disorder(MDD)remains a significant challenge in modern psychiatry.These two conditions share substantial clinical symptomatology,making accurate...Clinically differentiating bipolarⅡdisorder(BD-Ⅱ)from major depressive disorder(MDD)remains a significant challenge in modern psychiatry.These two conditions share substantial clinical symptomatology,making accurate diagnosis difficult in routine clinical practice.Misdiagnosis may lead to inappropriate treatment strategies,increased psychological and physical burdens,reduced quality of life,and impaired social functioning.Genetic overlap may partially explain the clinical similarities between MDD and BD-Ⅱ,and biomarkers along with neuroimaging techniques are receiving increasing attention as tools to aid in diagnosis.For example,electroencephalography has been shown to effectively distinguish between unipolar depression and bipolar depression;serum levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3 have also been investigated as a potential tool for differentiating between the two disorders.A comprehensive assessment integrating clinical characteristics,genetic basis research,and multimodal evaluations using neuroimaging and biomarkers through a multidisciplinary approach will help enhance clinicians'ability to distinguish between MDD and BD-Ⅱ.By improving diagnostic accuracy,more personalized and effective treatment strategies can be developed,ultimately improving patients'health outcomes and quality of life.展开更多
Lysosomal storage disorders and their impact upon the central nervous system:Lysosomal storage disorders(LSDs)are a group of over 70 rare inherited metabolic disorders(Platt et al.,2018).They are caused by dysfunction...Lysosomal storage disorders and their impact upon the central nervous system:Lysosomal storage disorders(LSDs)are a group of over 70 rare inherited metabolic disorders(Platt et al.,2018).They are caused by dysfunction of lysosomes,organelles that contain enzymes responsible for digesting macromolecules.In functional lysosomes,these enzymes break down complex substrates,and the resulting fragments are recycled.Individual LSDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode lysosomal enzymes or other proteins crucial for lysosome function(Platt et al.,2018).展开更多
Addiction,a complex and chronic neurobiological disorder,is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences,leading to persistent alterations in brain function,particularly within the reward,mot...Addiction,a complex and chronic neurobiological disorder,is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences,leading to persistent alterations in brain function,particularly within the reward,motivation,and decision-making systems.Despite the availability of a range of treatment options,including pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies,relapse remains a major challenge,with many individuals struggling to maintain long-term recovery.Current treatments often show limited efficacy,underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies that can address the underlying neurobiological disruptions in addiction.展开更多
The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders,such as Alzheimer’s disease and major depressive disorder,has been rising annually,imposing a significant burden on social and economic development.Although current therap...The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders,such as Alzheimer’s disease and major depressive disorder,has been rising annually,imposing a significant burden on social and economic development.Although current therapeutic interventions can mitigate symptoms,a comprehensive understanding of the complex etiologies underlying these disorders remains elusive.This suggests that exploring the mechanisms of these disorders from a holistic perspective may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is primarily composed of natural compounds,often associated with fewer side effects,and its holistic treatment philosophy.These advantages have led to its widespread use in alleviating neuropsychiatric disorders.However,the specific mechanisms through which orally administered TCM interacts with the nervous system to exert therapeutic effects remain undefined.Numerous studies have suggested that these effects may be linked to gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism,particularly the interactions between TCM and gut microbiota.On one hand,TCM can regulate the balance of the gut microbiome,which plays a critical role in the progression of many neuropsychiatric diseases.On the other hand,TCM is metabolized by gut microbiota into key bioactive molecules,which then exert their alleviating effects on neuropsychiatric disorders through specific signaling pathways.This review will elucidate the interactions between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neuropsychiatric disorders through the perspectives of neurological,immune,and endocrine-metabolic pathways.Furthermore,it will summarize the current clinical applications and therapeutic potentials of single TCM herbs,herbal formulas,and bioactive compounds,based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis theory,in alleviating major neuropsychiatric conditions.展开更多
Non-right-handedness(NRH),encompassing left-handedness and mixed-handedness,has been frequently reported at elevated rates in individuals with various psychiatric disorders.The consistency of this association across m...Non-right-handedness(NRH),encompassing left-handedness and mixed-handedness,has been frequently reported at elevated rates in individuals with various psychiatric disorders.The consistency of this association across multiple conditions and its underlying mechanisms is the subject of ongoing investigation.This review synthesized current evidence to explore the association between NRH and psychiatric disorders from epidemiological,genetic,and neurobiological perspectives.We systematically identified and appraised relevant literature investigating NRH prevalence in psychiatric populations and potential explanatory mechanisms.Epidemiological evidence indicates an elevated prevalence of NRH,particularly within neurodevelopmental disorders.Potential contributing mechanisms identified include early developmental disruptions,shared genetic predispositions,and atypical patterns of brain lateralization.While the association between NRH and psychiatric conditions,especially neurodevelopmental disorders,is evident,the causal pathways and relative contributions of identified mechanisms are complex and debated.This review highlighted key areas requiring further research to elucidate these relationships.展开更多
Antipsychotics,especially many second-generation antipsychotics(SGAs),remain central to schizophrenia treatment,are indispensable in acute mania and for bipolar maintenance(with selected roles in bipolar depression),a...Antipsychotics,especially many second-generation antipsychotics(SGAs),remain central to schizophrenia treatment,are indispensable in acute mania and for bipolar maintenance(with selected roles in bipolar depression),and serve as evidence-based augmenters in treatment-resistant depression.Nonetheless,acute antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)[extrapyramidal symptoms(EPS)]are common and clinically costly,impairing quality of life,adherence,and outcomes.The acute spectrum is dominated by dystonia(sustained,often painful contractions).展开更多
Insomnia disorder negatively affects the quality of life of patients.Phototherapy has proven effective in treating sleep problems.This study aimed to summarize the impact of phototherapy on sleep quality in patients w...Insomnia disorder negatively affects the quality of life of patients.Phototherapy has proven effective in treating sleep problems.This study aimed to summarize the impact of phototherapy on sleep quality in patients with insomnia disorder and the factors influencing its effectiveness.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and registered experiments on the PROSPERO website,retrieving 12 randomized controlled trials that included at least one sleep quality outcome measure available for analysis from the four databases.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan software,using Mean Differences(MD)and its 95% Confidence Interval(CI)to evaluate treatment efficacy and the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to assess bias risk.The results showed that phototherapy prolonged the total sleep time of patients,with the subgroup analysis indicating that this was related to the choice of phototherapy time and light intensity.Using high-intensity(≥2000l×)light in the morning may be more effective in improving sleep-related indicators.In summary,phototherapy improved the sleep quality of patients with insomnia disorder.However,owing to the limited sample size and heterogeneity of the included studies,more comprehensive experiments are needed to explore phototherapy conditions.展开更多
Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical factor in the etiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. Alt...Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical factor in the etiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. Although these conditions differ in clinical presentation, they share fundamental pathological features that may stem from abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired autophagic clearance, which contribute to redox imbalance and oxidative stress in neurons. This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fusion and fission to meet the substantial energy demands of neural cells. Dysregulation of these processes, as observed in certain neurodevelopmental disorders, causes accumulation of damaged mitochondria, exacerbating oxidative damage and impairing neuronal function. The phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pathway is crucial for mitophagy, the process of selectively removing malfunctioning mitochondria. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial fusion proteins have been identified in autism spectrum disorders, linking disruptions in the fusion-fission equilibrium to neurodevelopmental impairments. Additionally, animal models of Rett syndrome have shown pronounced defects in mitophagy, reinforcing the notion that mitochondrial quality control is indispensable for neuronal health. Clinical studies have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders. In autism spectrum disorders, elevated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial DNA deletions indicate compromised mitochondrial function. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has also been associated with cognitive deficits linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cell models derived from patients with Rett syndrome have shown impaired mitochondrial dynamics and heightened vulnerability to oxidative injury, suggesting the role of defective mitochondrial homeostasis in these disorders. From a translational standpoint, multiple therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial pathways show promise. Interventions aimed at preserving normal fusion-fission cycles or enhancing mitophagy can reduce oxidative damage by limiting the accumulation of defective mitochondria. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial permeability and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, an essential regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, may also ameliorate cellular energy deficits. Identifying early biomarkers of mitochondrial impairment is crucial for precision medicine, since it can help clinicians tailor interventions to individual patient profiles and improve prognoses. Furthermore, integrating mitochondria-focused strategies with established therapies, such as antioxidants or behavioral interventions, may enhance treatment efficacy and yield better clinical outcomes. Leveraging these pathways could open avenues for regenerative strategies, given the influence of mitochondria on neuronal repair and plasticity. In conclusion, this review indicates mitochondrial homeostasis as a unifying therapeutic axis within neurodevelopmental pathophysiology. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic clearance converge on oxidative stress, and researchers should prioritize validating these interventions in clinical settings to advance precision medicine and enhance outcomes for individuals affected by neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged ...Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged as a noninvasive,real-time imaging modality that captures superficial temperature changes reflecting underlying physiological processes such as inflammation and vascular alterations.This review explores the fundamental principles of medical thermography,differentiates between passive and active approaches,and outlines key technological advancements including artificial intelligence integration.The clinical utility of IRT is discussed in various contexts–ranging from acute soft tissue injuries and overuse syndromes to chronic pain and rehabilitation monitoring.Comparative insights with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also presented.While IRT offers functional imaging capabilities with advantages in portability,safety,and speed,its limitations–such as lack of deep-tissue penetration and protocol standardization–remain significant barriers to broader adoption.Future directions include the integration of IRT with other imaging modalities and digital health platforms to enhance musculoskeletal assessment and injury prevention strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge.Rumination,a key cognitive feature of depression,includes different subtypes tha...BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge.Rumination,a key cognitive feature of depression,includes different subtypes that may relate to NSSI through distinct psychological mechanisms.However,how these subtypes interact with specific NSSI behaviors remains unclear.AIM To examine associations between rumination subtypes and specific NSSI behaviors in adolescents.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 305 hospitalized adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders.The subjects ranged from 12-18 years in age.Rumi-nation subtypes were assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale,and 12 NSSI behaviors were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.Network analysis was applied to explore symptom-level associations and identify central symptoms.RESULTS The network analysis revealed close connections between rumination subtypes and NSSI behaviors.Brooding was linked to behaviors such as hitting objects and burning.Scratching emerged as the most influential NSSI symptom.Symptomfocused rumination served as a key bridge connecting rumination and NSSI.CONCLUSION Symptom-focused rumination and scratching were identified as potential intervention targets.These findings highlight the psychological significance of specific cognitive-behavioral links in adolescent depression and suggest directions for tailored prevention and treatment.However,the cross-sectional,single-site design limits causal inference and generalizability.Future longitudinal and multi-center studies are needed to confirm causal pathways and verify the generalizability of the findings to broader adolescent populations.展开更多
Traditional psychiatric diagnosis relies on subjective symptom assessment,lacking objective biomarkers that hinder early detection and personalized treatment.Plasma proteins and polygenic risk score(PRS),as potential ...Traditional psychiatric diagnosis relies on subjective symptom assessment,lacking objective biomarkers that hinder early detection and personalized treatment.Plasma proteins and polygenic risk score(PRS),as potential predictive tools,hold promise for advancing early diagnosis of mental disorders.This study aims to evaluate the predictive potential of proteomic features and PRS in multiple mental illnesses(depression,schizophrenia,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)).Using participant data from the UK Biobank-Pharma Proteomics Project,we screen protein associations with mental disorders through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)analysis and construct a Cox regression risk prediction model by integrating the PRS.Additionally,we evaluate predictive performance using 6 machine learning methods and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Our findings reveal distinct predictive patterns across dis-orders.For depression,integrating plasma proteins with PRS significantly improves prediction beyond the clinical model(C-index=0.6322).For schizophrenia,adding plasma proteins enhances predictive performance,whereas PRS provides no significant improvement.For PTSD,neither plasma proteins nor PRS add substantial predictive value beyond clinical variables.Risk stratification analysis demonstrat that all three mental disorders models can clearly distinguish high-risk from low-risk groups(depression:HR=2.34,P<0.001;schizophrenia:HR=5.47,P<0.001;PTSD:HR=3.02,P<0.001).Al-though it shows good performance in short-term prediction,its long-term prediction ability has decreased,and it needs to be further optimized in the future.This study underscores the differential utility of biomarkers across mental disorders and provides a rationale for disorder-specific predictive modeling in precision psychiatry.展开更多
Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association betw...Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.展开更多
Inflammasomes,a category of protein complexes,recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous tissue damage.In response,they induce inflammatory responses and pyroptosis,and are involved in both innate immunity and the r...Inflammasomes,a category of protein complexes,recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous tissue damage.In response,they induce inflammatory responses and pyroptosis,and are involved in both innate immunity and the regulation of adaptive immunity,with significant effects in disease and health.Neuroinflammation is closely related to neurological disorders.Nervous system homeostasis is primarily regulated by glial cells,with microglia and astrocytes playing a dual role in both neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.Recent studies highlight the importance of microglia and astrocytes within the central nervous system in mediating neuroinflammation associated with neuropsychiatric diseases.In particular,the role of inflammasomes in glial cells and neuroinflammation has garnered growing attention.This review classifies inflammasomes and their activation mechanisms as well as explores their involvement in the activation of microglia and astrocytes in various neurological diseases,aiming to contribute a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and brain injury and identification of novel therapeutic targets.展开更多
Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate em...Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate emergent phenomena such as enhanced energy transport.Here,we experimentally realize a 12-step discrete-time quantum walk in programmable integrated photonic circuits,introducing tunable static and dynamic disorder to explore quantum transport dynamics.In periodic lattices,disorder induces light localization and drives a transition from quantum ballistic to classical diffusive behavior.In particular,quantum walks of correlated photons exhibit a disorder-induced bunching effect,accompanied by enhanced nonclassical correlations.Our platform provides a scalable framework for investigating multiparticle quantum dynamics in engineered environments,promoting the development of quantum optics toward large-scale applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an e...BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.展开更多
Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review ...Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverseWarburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming.Literature on neurodegeneration,age-related sarcopenia,type 2 diabetes,chronic kidney disease,heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)has been reviewed and synthesised.In all of these conditions,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.This diverts pyruvate away fromthe tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and promotes glycolysis.In cell and animal models,melatonin consistently inhibits PDK4,destabilizes HIF-1αunder normoxic conditions,activates SIRT1/3-dependentmitochondrial biogenesis andmitophagy,and eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.These actions reduce lactate production,restore oxidative phosphorylation and attenuate tissue damage.This appears to induce cognitive and synaptic improvements in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models,increased muscle mass and function in ageing rodents,improved insulin sensitivity alongside suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic models,reduced fibrosis in nephropathy,and normalization of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Early-stage clinical trials corroborate a decrease in oxidative and inflammatorymarkers,improved sleep quality and modest cognitive benefits.However,they report conflicting effects on insulin sensitivity,which are largely related to the dose and timing of administration in relation to food intake.Overall,the current data suggest that melatonin is a pleiotropic metabolic modulator capable of counteracting the Warburg phenotype in multiple organs.However,human studies remain scarce,and well-designed randomised trials incorporating chronotherapy are needed before clinical adoption.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(AsD)is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional single-modality diagnostic methods are subjective,limi...Autism spectrum disorder(AsD)is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional single-modality diagnostic methods are subjective,limited,and struggle to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms.In contrast,multimodal data analysis integrates behavioral,physiological,and neuroimaging information with advanced machine-learning and deeplearning algorithms to overcome these limitations.In this review,we surveyed the recent pediatric AsD literature,highlighting artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic techniques,multimodal data fusion strategies,and emerging trends in ASD assessment.We surveyed studies that integrated two or more modalities and summarized the fusion levels,learning paradigms,tasks,datasets,and metrics.Multimodal approaches outperform singlemodality baselines in classification,severity estimation,and subtyping by leveraging complementary information and reducing modality-specific biases.Multimodal approaches significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and comprehensiveness,enabling early screening of AsD,symptom subtyping,severity assessment,and personalized interventions.Advances in multimodal fusion techniques have promoted progress in precision medicine for the treatment of ASD.展开更多
Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can ...Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.展开更多
Background:Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)are prevalent side effects of antipsychotics,particularly during the acute phase of treatment.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying A...Background:Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)are prevalent side effects of antipsychotics,particularly during the acute phase of treatment.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying AIMDs using a genome-wide association study(GWAS).Methods:GWASs on AIMDs were conducted in three independent cohorts:a discovery cohort of 3067 patients(2016 subjects were reserved after quality control),a validation cohort of 277 patients,and a multi-ancestry validation cohort of 766 patients.Subsequent post-GWAS analyses included gene-based analyses,transcriptome-wide association studies(TWASs),and polygenic risk score(PRS)profiling.Results:Our study identified two loci located in RAB44 gene(rs116249243,P=5.98×10^(-9);rs117097482,P=1.17×10^(-8))associated with extrapyramidal symptoms(EPSs),1 locus(rs6826172,P=5.56×10^(-9))related to akathisia,and 76 loci linked to involuntary movements(11 genes were mapped).Risk loci located in CNTNAP2,LUZP2,TMEM167A,and RAB44 genes were successfully replicated in the validation cohort,whereas the locus located in RAB44 was also replicated in the multi-ancestry cohort.Gene-based analyses indicated that XRCC4 and PAIP2B reached significance at the genome-wide level in involuntary movements.Tissue expression analysis revealed that involuntary movement-related genes are predominantly expressed in the substantia nigra.Additionally,the TWAS suggested a causal relationship between XRCC4 and involuntary movement.The PRSs derived from the discovery cohort significantly predicted AIMDs in the validation cohort,with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values from 0.60 to 0.80.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the role of substantia nigra related gene polymorphisms in AIMDs.This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of AIMDs and supports the potential for personalized treatment approaches for schizophrenia.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the potential causal relationship between psoriasis and common mental disorders,and to provide genetic epidemiological evidence for the early intervention of mental comorbidities.[Methods]Based on publicly available large-scale GWAS data,a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)approach was employed to assess the causal associations between psoriasis and major depressive disorder(MDD),bipolar disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety disorders.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method served as the primary analytical tool,supplemented by sensitivity analyses using MR-Egger and weighted median methods.Additionally,a subgroup analysis was conducted for psoriatic arthritis(PsA).[Results]Forward MR analysis revealed a significant positive causal association between the genetic predisposition to psoriasis and bipolar disorder as well as MDD,whereas no significant causal relationship was observed with schizophrenia or anxiety disorders.The reverse MR analysis found no causal effect of mental disorders on psoriasis.Subgroup analysis of PsA indicated that its genetic predisposition was significantly associated with the risk of bipolar disorder.The results of various sensitivity analyses and pleiotropy tests supported the robustness of the conclusions.[Conclusions]This study provides genetic evidence supporting a causal link between psoriasis and both MDD and bipolar disorder.In particular,patients with PsA are at a higher risk of developing bipolar disorder,highlighting the need to strengthen early screening and intervention for mental health in clinical management.
文摘Clinically differentiating bipolarⅡdisorder(BD-Ⅱ)from major depressive disorder(MDD)remains a significant challenge in modern psychiatry.These two conditions share substantial clinical symptomatology,making accurate diagnosis difficult in routine clinical practice.Misdiagnosis may lead to inappropriate treatment strategies,increased psychological and physical burdens,reduced quality of life,and impaired social functioning.Genetic overlap may partially explain the clinical similarities between MDD and BD-Ⅱ,and biomarkers along with neuroimaging techniques are receiving increasing attention as tools to aid in diagnosis.For example,electroencephalography has been shown to effectively distinguish between unipolar depression and bipolar depression;serum levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3 have also been investigated as a potential tool for differentiating between the two disorders.A comprehensive assessment integrating clinical characteristics,genetic basis research,and multimodal evaluations using neuroimaging and biomarkers through a multidisciplinary approach will help enhance clinicians'ability to distinguish between MDD and BD-Ⅱ.By improving diagnostic accuracy,more personalized and effective treatment strategies can be developed,ultimately improving patients'health outcomes and quality of life.
文摘Lysosomal storage disorders and their impact upon the central nervous system:Lysosomal storage disorders(LSDs)are a group of over 70 rare inherited metabolic disorders(Platt et al.,2018).They are caused by dysfunction of lysosomes,organelles that contain enzymes responsible for digesting macromolecules.In functional lysosomes,these enzymes break down complex substrates,and the resulting fragments are recycled.Individual LSDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode lysosomal enzymes or other proteins crucial for lysosome function(Platt et al.,2018).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2350008)the STI2030-Major Projects[2021ZD0203000(2021ZD0203003)]the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence,Zhejiang University(BMI2400014).
文摘Addiction,a complex and chronic neurobiological disorder,is characterized by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences,leading to persistent alterations in brain function,particularly within the reward,motivation,and decision-making systems.Despite the availability of a range of treatment options,including pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies,relapse remains a major challenge,with many individuals struggling to maintain long-term recovery.Current treatments often show limited efficacy,underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies that can address the underlying neurobiological disruptions in addiction.
基金supported by Henan Provincial Medical Science and Technology Research Project(LHGJ20240430).
文摘The prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders,such as Alzheimer’s disease and major depressive disorder,has been rising annually,imposing a significant burden on social and economic development.Although current therapeutic interventions can mitigate symptoms,a comprehensive understanding of the complex etiologies underlying these disorders remains elusive.This suggests that exploring the mechanisms of these disorders from a holistic perspective may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is primarily composed of natural compounds,often associated with fewer side effects,and its holistic treatment philosophy.These advantages have led to its widespread use in alleviating neuropsychiatric disorders.However,the specific mechanisms through which orally administered TCM interacts with the nervous system to exert therapeutic effects remain undefined.Numerous studies have suggested that these effects may be linked to gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism,particularly the interactions between TCM and gut microbiota.On one hand,TCM can regulate the balance of the gut microbiome,which plays a critical role in the progression of many neuropsychiatric diseases.On the other hand,TCM is metabolized by gut microbiota into key bioactive molecules,which then exert their alleviating effects on neuropsychiatric disorders through specific signaling pathways.This review will elucidate the interactions between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and neuropsychiatric disorders through the perspectives of neurological,immune,and endocrine-metabolic pathways.Furthermore,it will summarize the current clinical applications and therapeutic potentials of single TCM herbs,herbal formulas,and bioactive compounds,based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis theory,in alleviating major neuropsychiatric conditions.
文摘Non-right-handedness(NRH),encompassing left-handedness and mixed-handedness,has been frequently reported at elevated rates in individuals with various psychiatric disorders.The consistency of this association across multiple conditions and its underlying mechanisms is the subject of ongoing investigation.This review synthesized current evidence to explore the association between NRH and psychiatric disorders from epidemiological,genetic,and neurobiological perspectives.We systematically identified and appraised relevant literature investigating NRH prevalence in psychiatric populations and potential explanatory mechanisms.Epidemiological evidence indicates an elevated prevalence of NRH,particularly within neurodevelopmental disorders.Potential contributing mechanisms identified include early developmental disruptions,shared genetic predispositions,and atypical patterns of brain lateralization.While the association between NRH and psychiatric conditions,especially neurodevelopmental disorders,is evident,the causal pathways and relative contributions of identified mechanisms are complex and debated.This review highlighted key areas requiring further research to elucidate these relationships.
文摘Antipsychotics,especially many second-generation antipsychotics(SGAs),remain central to schizophrenia treatment,are indispensable in acute mania and for bipolar maintenance(with selected roles in bipolar depression),and serve as evidence-based augmenters in treatment-resistant depression.Nonetheless,acute antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)[extrapyramidal symptoms(EPS)]are common and clinically costly,impairing quality of life,adherence,and outcomes.The acute spectrum is dominated by dystonia(sustained,often painful contractions).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFC3505503)the Joint Fund of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.25JCLMJC00370)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-3-002).
文摘Insomnia disorder negatively affects the quality of life of patients.Phototherapy has proven effective in treating sleep problems.This study aimed to summarize the impact of phototherapy on sleep quality in patients with insomnia disorder and the factors influencing its effectiveness.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and registered experiments on the PROSPERO website,retrieving 12 randomized controlled trials that included at least one sleep quality outcome measure available for analysis from the four databases.Meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan software,using Mean Differences(MD)and its 95% Confidence Interval(CI)to evaluate treatment efficacy and the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool to assess bias risk.The results showed that phototherapy prolonged the total sleep time of patients,with the subgroup analysis indicating that this was related to the choice of phototherapy time and light intensity.Using high-intensity(≥2000l×)light in the morning may be more effective in improving sleep-related indicators.In summary,phototherapy improved the sleep quality of patients with insomnia disorder.However,owing to the limited sample size and heterogeneity of the included studies,more comprehensive experiments are needed to explore phototherapy conditions.
文摘Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a critical factor in the etiology of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Rett syndrome. Although these conditions differ in clinical presentation, they share fundamental pathological features that may stem from abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired autophagic clearance, which contribute to redox imbalance and oxidative stress in neurons. This review aimed to elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics dysfunction and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fusion and fission to meet the substantial energy demands of neural cells. Dysregulation of these processes, as observed in certain neurodevelopmental disorders, causes accumulation of damaged mitochondria, exacerbating oxidative damage and impairing neuronal function. The phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1/E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pathway is crucial for mitophagy, the process of selectively removing malfunctioning mitochondria. Mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial fusion proteins have been identified in autism spectrum disorders, linking disruptions in the fusion-fission equilibrium to neurodevelopmental impairments. Additionally, animal models of Rett syndrome have shown pronounced defects in mitophagy, reinforcing the notion that mitochondrial quality control is indispensable for neuronal health. Clinical studies have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial disturbances in neurodevelopmental disorders. In autism spectrum disorders, elevated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial DNA deletions indicate compromised mitochondrial function. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has also been associated with cognitive deficits linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Moreover, induced pluripotent stem cell models derived from patients with Rett syndrome have shown impaired mitochondrial dynamics and heightened vulnerability to oxidative injury, suggesting the role of defective mitochondrial homeostasis in these disorders. From a translational standpoint, multiple therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial pathways show promise. Interventions aimed at preserving normal fusion-fission cycles or enhancing mitophagy can reduce oxidative damage by limiting the accumulation of defective mitochondria. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial permeability and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, an essential regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, may also ameliorate cellular energy deficits. Identifying early biomarkers of mitochondrial impairment is crucial for precision medicine, since it can help clinicians tailor interventions to individual patient profiles and improve prognoses. Furthermore, integrating mitochondria-focused strategies with established therapies, such as antioxidants or behavioral interventions, may enhance treatment efficacy and yield better clinical outcomes. Leveraging these pathways could open avenues for regenerative strategies, given the influence of mitochondria on neuronal repair and plasticity. In conclusion, this review indicates mitochondrial homeostasis as a unifying therapeutic axis within neurodevelopmental pathophysiology. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic clearance converge on oxidative stress, and researchers should prioritize validating these interventions in clinical settings to advance precision medicine and enhance outcomes for individuals affected by neurodevelopmental disorders.
文摘Musculoskeletal injuries are among the most common causes of disability worldwide,with early detection and appropriate intervention critical to minimizing long-term complications.Infrared thermography(IRT)has emerged as a noninvasive,real-time imaging modality that captures superficial temperature changes reflecting underlying physiological processes such as inflammation and vascular alterations.This review explores the fundamental principles of medical thermography,differentiates between passive and active approaches,and outlines key technological advancements including artificial intelligence integration.The clinical utility of IRT is discussed in various contexts–ranging from acute soft tissue injuries and overuse syndromes to chronic pain and rehabilitation monitoring.Comparative insights with conventional imaging techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are also presented.While IRT offers functional imaging capabilities with advantages in portability,safety,and speed,its limitations–such as lack of deep-tissue penetration and protocol standardization–remain significant barriers to broader adoption.Future directions include the integration of IRT with other imaging modalities and digital health platforms to enhance musculoskeletal assessment and injury prevention strategies.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China,No.2024SF-YBXM-078.
文摘BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)is common among adolescents with depressive disorders and poses a major public health challenge.Rumination,a key cognitive feature of depression,includes different subtypes that may relate to NSSI through distinct psychological mechanisms.However,how these subtypes interact with specific NSSI behaviors remains unclear.AIM To examine associations between rumination subtypes and specific NSSI behaviors in adolescents.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with 305 hospitalized adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorders.The subjects ranged from 12-18 years in age.Rumi-nation subtypes were assessed using the Ruminative Response Scale,and 12 NSSI behaviors were evaluated using a validated questionnaire.Network analysis was applied to explore symptom-level associations and identify central symptoms.RESULTS The network analysis revealed close connections between rumination subtypes and NSSI behaviors.Brooding was linked to behaviors such as hitting objects and burning.Scratching emerged as the most influential NSSI symptom.Symptomfocused rumination served as a key bridge connecting rumination and NSSI.CONCLUSION Symptom-focused rumination and scratching were identified as potential intervention targets.These findings highlight the psychological significance of specific cognitive-behavioral links in adolescent depression and suggest directions for tailored prevention and treatment.However,the cross-sectional,single-site design limits causal inference and generalizability.Future longitudinal and multi-center studies are needed to confirm causal pathways and verify the generalizability of the findings to broader adolescent populations.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China-Regional Science“Identification of novel drug targets for lung cancer via Mendelian randomization analysis based on blood proteomics”(62362062)The 2025 Xinjiang University Excellent Graduate Innovation Project“Research on identification of therapeutic targets and predictive factors for mental disorders based on proteomics”(XJDX2025YJS151)。
文摘Traditional psychiatric diagnosis relies on subjective symptom assessment,lacking objective biomarkers that hinder early detection and personalized treatment.Plasma proteins and polygenic risk score(PRS),as potential predictive tools,hold promise for advancing early diagnosis of mental disorders.This study aims to evaluate the predictive potential of proteomic features and PRS in multiple mental illnesses(depression,schizophrenia,and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)).Using participant data from the UK Biobank-Pharma Proteomics Project,we screen protein associations with mental disorders through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)analysis and construct a Cox regression risk prediction model by integrating the PRS.Additionally,we evaluate predictive performance using 6 machine learning methods and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Our findings reveal distinct predictive patterns across dis-orders.For depression,integrating plasma proteins with PRS significantly improves prediction beyond the clinical model(C-index=0.6322).For schizophrenia,adding plasma proteins enhances predictive performance,whereas PRS provides no significant improvement.For PTSD,neither plasma proteins nor PRS add substantial predictive value beyond clinical variables.Risk stratification analysis demonstrat that all three mental disorders models can clearly distinguish high-risk from low-risk groups(depression:HR=2.34,P<0.001;schizophrenia:HR=5.47,P<0.001;PTSD:HR=3.02,P<0.001).Al-though it shows good performance in short-term prediction,its long-term prediction ability has decreased,and it needs to be further optimized in the future.This study underscores the differential utility of biomarkers across mental disorders and provides a rationale for disorder-specific predictive modeling in precision psychiatry.
基金supported by the Yanzhao Gold Talent Project of Hebei Province(NO.HJZD202506)。
文摘Objective Previous studies link lower body mass index(BMI)with increased obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)risk,yet other body mass indicators may be more etioloically relevant.We dissected the causal association between body fat mass(FM)and OCD.Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of European ancestry were utilized to conduct two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Heterogeneity,horizontal pleiotropy,and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness.Results The inverse variance weighting method demonstrated that a genetically predicted decrease in FM was causally associated with an increased OCD risk[odds ratio(OR)=0.680,95%confidence interval(CI):0.528–0.875,P=0.003].Similar estimates were obtained using the weighted median approach(OR=0.633,95%CI:0.438–0.915,P=0.015).Each standard deviation increases in genetically predicted body fat percentage corresponded to a reduced OCD risk(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.455–0.896,P=0.009).The sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings with no outlier instrument variables identified.Conclusion The negative causal association between FM and the risk of OCD suggests that the prevention or treatment of mental disorders should include not only the control of BMI but also fat distribution and body composition.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371405(to HZ),82203683(to YH)the Hubei Provincial Key Research Projects,No.2022BCA027.
文摘Inflammasomes,a category of protein complexes,recognize exogenous pathogens and endogenous tissue damage.In response,they induce inflammatory responses and pyroptosis,and are involved in both innate immunity and the regulation of adaptive immunity,with significant effects in disease and health.Neuroinflammation is closely related to neurological disorders.Nervous system homeostasis is primarily regulated by glial cells,with microglia and astrocytes playing a dual role in both neuroprotection and neurotoxicity.Recent studies highlight the importance of microglia and astrocytes within the central nervous system in mediating neuroinflammation associated with neuropsychiatric diseases.In particular,the role of inflammasomes in glial cells and neuroinflammation has garnered growing attention.This review classifies inflammasomes and their activation mechanisms as well as explores their involvement in the activation of microglia and astrocytes in various neurological diseases,aiming to contribute a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease and brain injury and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2325022,U23A2074,12204462,62275240,62435009,12474494,and 12204468)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.253 YSBR-049)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.2022b1302007)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753083)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20240353)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.WK2030000107,WK2030000108,and WK2030000081)。
文摘Programmable two-particle quantum walks are crucial for advancing quantum simulation,computation,and information processing.Although disorder is traditionally associated with information loss,it can also facilitate emergent phenomena such as enhanced energy transport.Here,we experimentally realize a 12-step discrete-time quantum walk in programmable integrated photonic circuits,introducing tunable static and dynamic disorder to explore quantum transport dynamics.In periodic lattices,disorder induces light localization and drives a transition from quantum ballistic to classical diffusive behavior.In particular,quantum walks of correlated photons exhibit a disorder-induced bunching effect,accompanied by enhanced nonclassical correlations.Our platform provides a scalable framework for investigating multiparticle quantum dynamics in engineered environments,promoting the development of quantum optics toward large-scale applications.
基金Supported by Inter Disciplinary Direction Cultivation Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.2025JC01032025 Hunan Province Science and Technology Innovation Plan Project,No.2025RC9012+2 种基金2022"Unveiling and Leading"Project of Discipline Construction at Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,No.22JBZ044Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation,No.kq2402174Hunan Provincial Science Popularization Fund Project,No.2025ZK4223.
文摘BACKGROUND Timely and accurate evaluation of mental disorders in adolescents using appropriate mental health literacy assessment tools is essential for improving their mental health literacy levels.AIM To develop an evaluation index system for the mental health literacy of adolescent patients with mental disorders,providing a scientific,comprehensive,and reliable tool for the monitoring and intervention of mental health literacy of such patients.METHODS From December 2022 to June 2023,the evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders was developed through literature reviews,semi-structured interviews,expert letter consultations,and the analytic hierarchy process.Based on this index system,a self-assessment questionnaire was compiled and administered to 305 adolescents with mental disorders to test the reliability and validity of the index system.RESULTS The final evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders included 4 first-level indicators,10 second-level indicators,and 52 third-level indicators.The overall Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the index system was 0.957,with a partial reliability of 0.826 and a content validity index of 0.975.The cumulative variance contribution rate of 10 common factors was 66.491%.The correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total questionnaire ranged from 0.672 to 0.724,while the correlation coefficients in each dimension ranged from 0.389 to 0.705.CONCLUSION The evaluation index system for mental health literacy of adolescents with mental disorders,developed in this study,demonstrated notable reliability and validity,making it a valuable tool for evaluating mental health literacy in this population.
基金supported by Government of the Principado de Asturias through the Fundacion para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigacion Cientifica Aplicada y a la Tecnologia(FICYT)and also co-founded by the European Union,GRUPIN(IDI/2024/000719).
文摘Aerobic glycolysis,also known as the Warburg effect,and the accumulation of lactate that it causes,are increasingly recognized outside the field of oncology as triggers of chronic non-neoplastic disorders.This review integrates preclinical and clinical evidence to evaluate the ability of melatonin to reverseWarburg-effect-like metabolic reprogramming.Literature on neurodegeneration,age-related sarcopenia,type 2 diabetes,chronic kidney disease,heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)has been reviewed and synthesised.In all of these conditions,hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.This diverts pyruvate away fromthe tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle and promotes glycolysis.In cell and animal models,melatonin consistently inhibits PDK4,destabilizes HIF-1αunder normoxic conditions,activates SIRT1/3-dependentmitochondrial biogenesis andmitophagy,and eliminates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.These actions reduce lactate production,restore oxidative phosphorylation and attenuate tissue damage.This appears to induce cognitive and synaptic improvements in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models,increased muscle mass and function in ageing rodents,improved insulin sensitivity alongside suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic models,reduced fibrosis in nephropathy,and normalization of vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH).Early-stage clinical trials corroborate a decrease in oxidative and inflammatorymarkers,improved sleep quality and modest cognitive benefits.However,they report conflicting effects on insulin sensitivity,which are largely related to the dose and timing of administration in relation to food intake.Overall,the current data suggest that melatonin is a pleiotropic metabolic modulator capable of counteracting the Warburg phenotype in multiple organs.However,human studies remain scarce,and well-designed randomised trials incorporating chronotherapy are needed before clinical adoption.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Research Grant Number:2023YFC3603600).
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(AsD)is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional single-modality diagnostic methods are subjective,limited,and struggle to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms.In contrast,multimodal data analysis integrates behavioral,physiological,and neuroimaging information with advanced machine-learning and deeplearning algorithms to overcome these limitations.In this review,we surveyed the recent pediatric AsD literature,highlighting artificial intelligence-driven diagnostic techniques,multimodal data fusion strategies,and emerging trends in ASD assessment.We surveyed studies that integrated two or more modalities and summarized the fusion levels,learning paradigms,tasks,datasets,and metrics.Multimodal approaches outperform singlemodality baselines in classification,severity estimation,and subtyping by leveraging complementary information and reducing modality-specific biases.Multimodal approaches significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and comprehensiveness,enabling early screening of AsD,symptom subtyping,severity assessment,and personalized interventions.Advances in multimodal fusion techniques have promoted progress in precision medicine for the treatment of ASD.
基金mainly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52288102, 52090020, and 52372261)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (Grant No. E202403045)+1 种基金the S&T Program of Hebei (Grant No. 225A1102D)the Ministry of Education Chang Jiang Scholar Professor Program (Grant No. T2022241)
文摘Recent advances in geoscience have underscored the critical role of abiogenic processes in petroleum formation,especially the formation and polymerization of methane.However,whether a direct carbon-H_(2) reaction can produce C_(2+)hydrocarbons(e.g.,ethane and propane)beyond methane remains an open question.Here,we demonstrate the direct synthesis of ethane and propane via reactions between amorphous carbon and H_(2) under upper mantle conditions(2-10 GPa and 800-1200℃).A systematic investigation reveals that increasing structural disorder in carbon precursors,from graphite to glassy carbon-Ⅱ and carbon black,enhances the production of C_(2)-C_(3) hydrocarbons.Through integrated X-ray diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo simulations,we establish that the continuous random atomic network structures in amorphous carbon enable one-step synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons with H_(2).These models establish a direct link between atomic-scale carbon structures and the one-step synthesis of C_(2+) hydrocarbons under H_(2)-rich,high-pressure,and high-temperature conditions—potentially revealing an efficient mechanism for the abiotic production of C_(2+) hydrocarbons in the upper mantle.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82330042,82441005 and 82301687)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0119400)+9 种基金the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2024-1-4111)the STI2030-Major Projects-2021ZD0200702Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Peking University Medicine Fund for world’s leading discipline or discipline cluster development,BMU2022DJXK007)the Beijing Municipal Health Commission Research Ward Programme(3rd batch)Beijing Nova Program(20230484425)the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission,Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park(Z221100003522010)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760141 and 2022M720302)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20240029)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7254462)the Peking University Medicine Sailing Program for Young Scholars’Scientific&Technological Innovation,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BMU2025YFJHPY044 and BMU2025YFJHPY046).
文摘Background:Antipsychotic-induced movement disorders(AIMDs)are prevalent side effects of antipsychotics,particularly during the acute phase of treatment.This study aimed to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying AIMDs using a genome-wide association study(GWAS).Methods:GWASs on AIMDs were conducted in three independent cohorts:a discovery cohort of 3067 patients(2016 subjects were reserved after quality control),a validation cohort of 277 patients,and a multi-ancestry validation cohort of 766 patients.Subsequent post-GWAS analyses included gene-based analyses,transcriptome-wide association studies(TWASs),and polygenic risk score(PRS)profiling.Results:Our study identified two loci located in RAB44 gene(rs116249243,P=5.98×10^(-9);rs117097482,P=1.17×10^(-8))associated with extrapyramidal symptoms(EPSs),1 locus(rs6826172,P=5.56×10^(-9))related to akathisia,and 76 loci linked to involuntary movements(11 genes were mapped).Risk loci located in CNTNAP2,LUZP2,TMEM167A,and RAB44 genes were successfully replicated in the validation cohort,whereas the locus located in RAB44 was also replicated in the multi-ancestry cohort.Gene-based analyses indicated that XRCC4 and PAIP2B reached significance at the genome-wide level in involuntary movements.Tissue expression analysis revealed that involuntary movement-related genes are predominantly expressed in the substantia nigra.Additionally,the TWAS suggested a causal relationship between XRCC4 and involuntary movement.The PRSs derived from the discovery cohort significantly predicted AIMDs in the validation cohort,with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values from 0.60 to 0.80.Conclusions:Our findings highlight the role of substantia nigra related gene polymorphisms in AIMDs.This study provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of AIMDs and supports the potential for personalized treatment approaches for schizophrenia.
