Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglio...Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.展开更多
AIM:To compare the visual outcomes between bilateral implantation of Tecnis ZXR00 extended depth-of-focus(EDOF)intraocular lenses(IOLs)and mixed implantation of Tecnis ZXR00(EDOF)with Tecnis ZMB00(bifocal)IOLs.METHODS...AIM:To compare the visual outcomes between bilateral implantation of Tecnis ZXR00 extended depth-of-focus(EDOF)intraocular lenses(IOLs)and mixed implantation of Tecnis ZXR00(EDOF)with Tecnis ZMB00(bifocal)IOLs.METHODS:This postoperative cross-sectional study enrolled patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.Patients were divided into two groups:the bilateral ZXR00 group(ZXR00-only group)and the mixed IOL group(ZXR00+ZMB00 group).Primary outcome measures included uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity(UDVA,CDVA),uncorrected and distance-corrected near visual acuity(UNVA,DCNVA),uncorrected and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA,DCIVA),and defocus curves.Secondary outcome measures were visual quality,spectacle independence,patient satisfaction,photic phenomena,and stereopsis.RESULTS:A total of 47 patients(94 eyes)were included,with 26 patients(11 males,15 females)in the ZXR00-only group(mean age:62.73±7.24y)and 21 patients(7 males,14 females)in the mixed group(mean age:65.71±9.16y).There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups(P=0.218).The mixed group showed significantly better binocular DCNVA compared to the ZXR00-only group(P=0.002).Defocus curve analysis revealed that the mixed group exhibited superior performance at−2.5 to−4.0 D but inferior performance at−0.5 and−1.5 D.Near stereoacuity was significantly poorer in the mixed group(Randot:5.589±0.744 vs 6.240±0.394 ln arcsec;Contour:4.966±0.973 vs 5.740±0.833 ln arcsec;both P<0.01).Both groups achieved high levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction,with no significant differences in photic phenomena or questionnaire scores.CONCLUSION:Mixed implantation of EDOF and bifocal IOLs improve near visual acuity but may compromise near stereopsis.This approach provides a viable option for patients prioritizing near vision;however,caution is recommended for individuals requiring fine stereoscopic vision for daily or professional tasks.展开更多
AIM:To assess the visual acuity and visual quality of cataract patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)and multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)implantation with an improved polishing techn...AIM:To assess the visual acuity and visual quality of cataract patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)and multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)implantation with an improved polishing technique during a 1-year follow-up period.METHODS:This study included 74 eyes from 37 patients,comprising 17 males and 20 females,with a mean age of 51.74±7.80 years.Using a coin toss method,one eye per patient was randomly selected for improved anterior capsular polishing,while the other eye received standard irrigation/aspiration(I/A)polishing.The polishing group consisted of 37 eyes,including 21 right and 16 left eyes,while the control group comprised the contralateral fellow eyes of the same individuals in the polishing group.Visual acuity and quality of the patients were evaluated before surgery and at 1 wk,1,6,and 12 mo after surgery.The OPD-Scan III was utilized to assess high-order aberrations,while the optical quality analysis system(OQAS)was employed to evaluate modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),Strehl ratio(SR),and objective scatter index(OSI)for the purpose of visual quality assessment.Paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA)were utilized to compare the results,and the SNK-q post hoc test was applied to identify significant differences.RESULTS:The polishing group’s uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA)and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)significantly improved 1-week post-surgery(all P<0.05).At 12-months,UDVA,UNVA,and corrected distant visual acuity(CDVA)were better than the control group(P<0.05).The MTF cutoff,SR,OSI,and high-order aberrations in the polishing group also showed significant improvements compared to the control group at 12 mo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The improved capsular polishing method has been demonstrated to effectively maintain visual acuity and visual quality in patients with MIOL after FLACS within 1 a.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with visual prognosis in patients with open globe injuries(OGIs)treated at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.METHODS:A prospective observational stu...AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with visual prognosis in patients with open globe injuries(OGIs)treated at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.METHODS:A prospective observational study included patients with OGIs treated between June 2023 and June 2024.Data on demographics,injury features,and clinical findings were extracted from medical records.Poor visual outcome was defined as final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)worse than 20/400 or no light perception.Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS:Among 509 patients(636 eyes),the mean age was 35.13y(range 20–51y),and 67.6%were male.After treatment,the proportion of eyes achieving≥20/40 increased from 12.6%to 42.1%,while no light perception decreased from 29.1%to 9.4%.Independent predictors of poor visual outcomes included delayed admission[>4h,odds ratio(OR)=3.33,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.76–6.33,P<0.001],Zone III injury(OR=5.90,95%CI:2.85–12.24,P<0.001),wound length>10 mm(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.60–4.18,P<0.001),relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD,OR=1.65,95%CI:1.03–2.64,P=0.039),endophthalmitis(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.01–3.03,P=0.047),retinal detachment(OR=3.32,95%CI:2.02–5.45,P<0.001),and eyelid lacerations(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.13–3.33,P=0.016)associated with OGIs.Vitreous hemorrhage(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.22–0.89,P=0.023)was associated with better outcomes,and female gender appeared protective.CONCLUSION:Poor visual outcomes remain common after OGIs,despite improve visual acuity in many cases.Several clinical and injury-related factors are strongly associated with prognosis.Early recognition of these predictors can support risk stratification and improve trauma care in similar settings.展开更多
Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining...Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes,including visual function and overall survival(OS)of patients with ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(OA-DLBCL).METHODS:This retrospecti...AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes,including visual function and overall survival(OS)of patients with ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(OA-DLBCL).METHODS:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 29 patients diagnosed with OA-DLBCL based on histopathological biopsy between 2006 and 2023.Patients were stratified into two subgroups:primary OA-DLBCL(no prior history of lymphoma)and secondary OA-DLBCL(history of DLBCL at non-ocular adnexal sites).OS was defined as the time interval from OA-DLBCL diagnosis to death from any cause.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method,and prognostic factors affecting OS were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression with a stepwise selection approach.RESULTS:The cohort included 24 patients with primary OA-DLBCL(13 males,11 females;mean age:61.36±18.29y)and 5 patients with secondary OA-DLBCL(2 males,3 females;mean age:50.94±18.17y).Among the primary OA-DLBCL subgroup,12 patients(50%)presented with advanced disease(Ann Arbor stage IIIE–IV),and 16 patients(66%)were classified as T4 disease according to the tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging system.The mean final visual acuity was 1.72±1.10 in the primary group and 0.90±1.18 in the secondary group.The 5-year OS rate for the entire cohort was 27.7%.Multivariate analysis identified five factors significantly associated with poor survival outcomes:epiphora[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR),36.95],atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(aHR,10.08),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection(aHR,12.47),M1 stage(aHR,6.99),and secondary OA-DLBCL(aHR,6.03;all P<0.05).The median OS was 1.68y for primary OA-DLBCL and 1.12y for secondary OA-DLBCL.CONCLUSION:A substantial proportion of patients with primary OA-DLBCL present with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis.Epiphora,atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,HIV infection,M1 stage,and secondary OA-DLBCL are independent prognostic factors for poor survival outcomes.These findings emphasize the urgent need for optimized therapeutic strategies and early screening protocols to improve the management of OA-DLBCL,particularly in developing countries.展开更多
The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 ...The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.展开更多
Tests of preoperative visual function and prediction of postoperative E chart visual acuity(ECVA) using laser interferometric visual acuity(LIVA) and electroretinogram(ERG) were performed in 16 cases(19 eyes) of catar...Tests of preoperative visual function and prediction of postoperative E chart visual acuity(ECVA) using laser interferometric visual acuity(LIVA) and electroretinogram(ERG) were performed in 16 cases(19 eyes) of cataract. The results showed that the coincident rate between preoperative LIVA and postoperative ECVA was 63.2%, and there was a parallel correlation between preoperative amplitude of photopic ERG b-wave and postoperative ECVA in 79.0% of the eyes. Comparing these two methods, the test of LIVA ...展开更多
One of the most commonly reported disabilities is vision loss,which can be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in order to determine the visual system of a patient.This procedure,however,usually requires an appointment wi...One of the most commonly reported disabilities is vision loss,which can be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in order to determine the visual system of a patient.This procedure,however,usually requires an appointment with an ophthalmologist,which is both time-consuming and expensive process.Other issues that can arise include a lack of appropriate equipment and trained practitioners,especially in rural areas.Centered on a cognitively motivated attribute extraction and speech recognition approach,this paper proposes a novel idea that immediately determines the eyesight deficiency.The proposed system uses an adaptive filter bank with weighted mel frequency cepstral coefficients for feature extraction.The adaptive filter bank implementation is inspired by the principle of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio that is aware of its environment and adapts to statistical variations in the input stimuli by learning from the environment.Comparative performance evaluation demonstrates the potential of our automated visual acuity test method to achieve comparable results to the clinical ground truth,established by the expert ophthalmologist’s tests.The overall accuracy achieved by the proposed model when compared with the expert ophthalmologist test is 91.875%.The proposed method potentially offers a second opinion to ophthalmologists,and serves as a cost-effective pre-screening test to predict eyesight loss at an early stage.展开更多
In order to realize visualization of three-dimensional data field （TDDF） in instrument, two methods of visualization of TDDF and the usual manner of quick graphic and image processing are analyzed. And how to use Op...In order to realize visualization of three-dimensional data field （TDDF） in instrument, two methods of visualization of TDDF and the usual manner of quick graphic and image processing are analyzed. And how to use OpenGL technique and the characteristic of analyzed data to construct a TDDF, the ways of reality processing and interactive processing are described. Then the medium geometric element and a related realistic model are constructed by means of the first algorithm. Models obtained for attaching the third dimension in three-dimensional data field are presented. An example for TDDF realization of machine measuring is provided. The analysis of resultant graphic indicates that the three-dimensional graphics built by the method developed is featured by good reality, fast processing and strong interaction展开更多
Background: In a previous study, a specific visual behaviour was described in four chiasmal patients. It manifested as inattention/ignorance within the temporal visual space (“visual blocking”) at monocular visual a...Background: In a previous study, a specific visual behaviour was described in four chiasmal patients. It manifested as inattention/ignorance within the temporal visual space (“visual blocking”) at monocular visual acuity testing. Moreover, in 3 out of the 4, the process of reading a text appeared cognitively impaired. Methods: As a supplement to conventional visual field testing, the present analysis focus was on microperimetry by Scanning Laser Ophthalmocopy (SLO). Our aim was to identify the perceptual retinal counterparts to the temporally located visual field defects as caused by the visual pathway lesion on a chiasmal level, possibly also to indicate the apparently ineffective saccadic movements underlying that only part of the line on the chart could be given. Results and Conclusions: The central retinal areas with lacking recognition by SLO testing were given by black rectangles expressing scotomatous points;they clustered in a zone extending nasally from the fixation area, as expected. The methodology further depicted an orderly fixation in two cases, and only minor deviation in two. Fixation saccades thus were considered by and large within normal and with only exceptional outlier points recorded. All considered, the shortcomings of the perceptual mechanisms underlying the lateralised visual inattention as observed in the four patients have remained without a satisfactory explanation.展开更多
Objective: By means of neuropsychologic tests, to further analyse a specific chiasmal monocular visual testing behaviour, here labelled temporal blocking because of the elective ignorance of optotypes on the temporal ...Objective: By means of neuropsychologic tests, to further analyse a specific chiasmal monocular visual testing behaviour, here labelled temporal blocking because of the elective ignorance of optotypes on the temporal side of the chart. Often it is combined with impairment of reading and other cognitive impairments. Methods: Eighteen patients with lesions to the chiasm and some degree of temporal blocking aged 24 - 76 years underwent: 1) tests for visual neglect (Gothenburg test;behavioural inattention tests: star cancellation;line bisection);2) visuo-perceptual tests;and 3) a test involving reading a crowded ten-letter and cipher bar. Results: The temporal blocking in two patients recovered after emergency neurosurgery and their results were normal when subsequently tested. Of the 16 patients with deficiencies, 14 had a poorer left eye (p Conclusions: The best neuropsychologic tests appeared to be those for visual neglect and the crowded bar test. In most cases, the right cerebral hemisphere’s lack of some crossed information from the left eye, usually needed for normative saccades and adjustment to visual space, may be a factor underlying the specific visual behaviour.展开更多
Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinic...Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice.In this study,SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality(VR)equipment;the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility.To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests,a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH tests and the proposed method,based on 30 healthy subjects.The average results of our experimental tests on the VR-based binocular SVV and SVH equipment were−0.15◦±1.74 and 0.60◦±1.18,respectively.The proposed VR-based method satisfies the normal tolerance for horizontal or vertical lines,i.e.,a±3◦error,as defined in previous studies,and it can be used to replace existing test methods.展开更多
In dynamic scenarios,visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)algorithms often incorrectly incorporate dynamic points during camera pose computation,leading to reduced accuracy and robustness.This paper prese...In dynamic scenarios,visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)algorithms often incorrectly incorporate dynamic points during camera pose computation,leading to reduced accuracy and robustness.This paper presents a dynamic SLAM algorithm that leverages object detection and regional dynamic probability.Firstly,a parallel thread employs the YOLOX object detectionmodel to gather 2D semantic information and compensate for missed detections.Next,an improved K-means++clustering algorithm clusters bounding box regions,adaptively determining the threshold for extracting dynamic object contours as dynamic points change.This process divides the image into low dynamic,suspicious dynamic,and high dynamic regions.In the tracking thread,the dynamic point removal module assigns dynamic probability weights to the feature points in these regions.Combined with geometric methods,it detects and removes the dynamic points.The final evaluation on the public TUM RGB-D dataset shows that the proposed dynamic SLAM algorithm surpasses most existing SLAM algorithms,providing better pose estimation accuracy and robustness in dynamic environments.展开更多
The visual cortex is an essential part of the brain for processing visual information.It exhibits structural and functional plasticity,which is crucial for adapting to complex visual environments.The quintessential ma...The visual cortex is an essential part of the brain for processing visual information.It exhibits structural and functional plasticity,which is crucial for adapting to complex visual environments.The quintessential manifestation of visual cortical plasticity is ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period,which involves numerous cellular and molecular events.While previous studies have emphasized the role of visual cortical neurons and their associated functional molecules in visual plasticity,recent findings have revealed that structural factors such as the extracellular matrix and glia are also involved.Investigating how these molecules interact to form a complex network that facilitates plasticity in the visual cortex is crucial to our understanding of the development of the visual system and the advancement of therapeutic strategies for visual disorders like amblyopia.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271115(to MY).
文摘Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
文摘AIM:To compare the visual outcomes between bilateral implantation of Tecnis ZXR00 extended depth-of-focus(EDOF)intraocular lenses(IOLs)and mixed implantation of Tecnis ZXR00(EDOF)with Tecnis ZMB00(bifocal)IOLs.METHODS:This postoperative cross-sectional study enrolled patients who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation.Patients were divided into two groups:the bilateral ZXR00 group(ZXR00-only group)and the mixed IOL group(ZXR00+ZMB00 group).Primary outcome measures included uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity(UDVA,CDVA),uncorrected and distance-corrected near visual acuity(UNVA,DCNVA),uncorrected and distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity(UIVA,DCIVA),and defocus curves.Secondary outcome measures were visual quality,spectacle independence,patient satisfaction,photic phenomena,and stereopsis.RESULTS:A total of 47 patients(94 eyes)were included,with 26 patients(11 males,15 females)in the ZXR00-only group(mean age:62.73±7.24y)and 21 patients(7 males,14 females)in the mixed group(mean age:65.71±9.16y).There was no statistically significant difference in age between the two groups(P=0.218).The mixed group showed significantly better binocular DCNVA compared to the ZXR00-only group(P=0.002).Defocus curve analysis revealed that the mixed group exhibited superior performance at−2.5 to−4.0 D but inferior performance at−0.5 and−1.5 D.Near stereoacuity was significantly poorer in the mixed group(Randot:5.589±0.744 vs 6.240±0.394 ln arcsec;Contour:4.966±0.973 vs 5.740±0.833 ln arcsec;both P<0.01).Both groups achieved high levels of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction,with no significant differences in photic phenomena or questionnaire scores.CONCLUSION:Mixed implantation of EDOF and bifocal IOLs improve near visual acuity but may compromise near stereopsis.This approach provides a viable option for patients prioritizing near vision;however,caution is recommended for individuals requiring fine stereoscopic vision for daily or professional tasks.
文摘AIM:To assess the visual acuity and visual quality of cataract patients who received femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)and multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)implantation with an improved polishing technique during a 1-year follow-up period.METHODS:This study included 74 eyes from 37 patients,comprising 17 males and 20 females,with a mean age of 51.74±7.80 years.Using a coin toss method,one eye per patient was randomly selected for improved anterior capsular polishing,while the other eye received standard irrigation/aspiration(I/A)polishing.The polishing group consisted of 37 eyes,including 21 right and 16 left eyes,while the control group comprised the contralateral fellow eyes of the same individuals in the polishing group.Visual acuity and quality of the patients were evaluated before surgery and at 1 wk,1,6,and 12 mo after surgery.The OPD-Scan III was utilized to assess high-order aberrations,while the optical quality analysis system(OQAS)was employed to evaluate modulation transfer function(MTF cutoff),Strehl ratio(SR),and objective scatter index(OSI)for the purpose of visual quality assessment.Paired t-tests and repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA)were utilized to compare the results,and the SNK-q post hoc test was applied to identify significant differences.RESULTS:The polishing group’s uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA)and uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA)significantly improved 1-week post-surgery(all P<0.05).At 12-months,UDVA,UNVA,and corrected distant visual acuity(CDVA)were better than the control group(P<0.05).The MTF cutoff,SR,OSI,and high-order aberrations in the polishing group also showed significant improvements compared to the control group at 12 mo(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The improved capsular polishing method has been demonstrated to effectively maintain visual acuity and visual quality in patients with MIOL after FLACS within 1 a.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with visual prognosis in patients with open globe injuries(OGIs)treated at Vietnam National Eye Hospital.METHODS:A prospective observational study included patients with OGIs treated between June 2023 and June 2024.Data on demographics,injury features,and clinical findings were extracted from medical records.Poor visual outcome was defined as final best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)worse than 20/400 or no light perception.Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors.RESULTS:Among 509 patients(636 eyes),the mean age was 35.13y(range 20–51y),and 67.6%were male.After treatment,the proportion of eyes achieving≥20/40 increased from 12.6%to 42.1%,while no light perception decreased from 29.1%to 9.4%.Independent predictors of poor visual outcomes included delayed admission[>4h,odds ratio(OR)=3.33,95%confidence intervals(CI):1.76–6.33,P<0.001],Zone III injury(OR=5.90,95%CI:2.85–12.24,P<0.001),wound length>10 mm(OR=2.59,95%CI:1.60–4.18,P<0.001),relative afferent pupillary defect(RAPD,OR=1.65,95%CI:1.03–2.64,P=0.039),endophthalmitis(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.01–3.03,P=0.047),retinal detachment(OR=3.32,95%CI:2.02–5.45,P<0.001),and eyelid lacerations(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.13–3.33,P=0.016)associated with OGIs.Vitreous hemorrhage(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.22–0.89,P=0.023)was associated with better outcomes,and female gender appeared protective.CONCLUSION:Poor visual outcomes remain common after OGIs,despite improve visual acuity in many cases.Several clinical and injury-related factors are strongly associated with prognosis.Early recognition of these predictors can support risk stratification and improve trauma care in similar settings.
基金funded on the one hand by Agence de l'Innovation de Défense(AID)grant reference number 2021650044on the other hand by Ecole Centrale de Nantes。
文摘Joining dissimilar materials encounters significant engineering challenges due to the contrast in material properties that makes conventional welding not feasible.Magnetic Pulse Welding(MPW)offers a solidstate joining technique that overcomes these issues by using impact to create strong bonds without melting the substrate materials.This study investigates the weldability of aluminum alloy Al-5754 with Al-7075 and MARS 380 steel,used in armouring solutions of defense systems,by the use of MPW.In this work,weldability windows are investigated by varying standoff distances between the coating material and its substrate(0.25-4.5 mm)and discharge energies(5-13 kJ)with both O-shape and U-shape inductors.Mechanical strength of the welded joints were assessed through single lap shear tests,identifying optimal welding parameters.Then,the velocity profiles of the flyer plates were measured using heterodyne velocimetry to understand the dynamics of the impact.Then,substructures assembled with the optimal welding conditions were subjected to ballistic testing using 7.62 mm×51 mm NATO and 9 mm×19 mm Parabellum munitions to evaluate the resilience of the welds under ballistic impact.The outcomes demonstrate that MPW effectively joins Al-5754 with both Al-7075 and MARS 380,producing robust welds capable of withstanding ballistic impacts under certain conditions.This research advances the application of MPW in lightweight ballistic protection of defense systems,contributing to the development of more resilient and lighter protective structures.
基金Supported by the Faculty of Medicine,Prince of Songkla University.Wainipitapong S has received grants from the Faculty of Medicine,Prince of Songkla University。
文摘AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes,including visual function and overall survival(OS)of patients with ocular adnexal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(OA-DLBCL).METHODS:This retrospective cohort study enrolled 29 patients diagnosed with OA-DLBCL based on histopathological biopsy between 2006 and 2023.Patients were stratified into two subgroups:primary OA-DLBCL(no prior history of lymphoma)and secondary OA-DLBCL(history of DLBCL at non-ocular adnexal sites).OS was defined as the time interval from OA-DLBCL diagnosis to death from any cause.Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method,and prognostic factors affecting OS were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression with a stepwise selection approach.RESULTS:The cohort included 24 patients with primary OA-DLBCL(13 males,11 females;mean age:61.36±18.29y)and 5 patients with secondary OA-DLBCL(2 males,3 females;mean age:50.94±18.17y).Among the primary OA-DLBCL subgroup,12 patients(50%)presented with advanced disease(Ann Arbor stage IIIE–IV),and 16 patients(66%)were classified as T4 disease according to the tumor-node-metastasis(TNM)staging system.The mean final visual acuity was 1.72±1.10 in the primary group and 0.90±1.18 in the secondary group.The 5-year OS rate for the entire cohort was 27.7%.Multivariate analysis identified five factors significantly associated with poor survival outcomes:epiphora[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR),36.95],atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(aHR,10.08),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection(aHR,12.47),M1 stage(aHR,6.99),and secondary OA-DLBCL(aHR,6.03;all P<0.05).The median OS was 1.68y for primary OA-DLBCL and 1.12y for secondary OA-DLBCL.CONCLUSION:A substantial proportion of patients with primary OA-DLBCL present with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis.Epiphora,atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,HIV infection,M1 stage,and secondary OA-DLBCL are independent prognostic factors for poor survival outcomes.These findings emphasize the urgent need for optimized therapeutic strategies and early screening protocols to improve the management of OA-DLBCL,particularly in developing countries.
文摘The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.
文摘Tests of preoperative visual function and prediction of postoperative E chart visual acuity(ECVA) using laser interferometric visual acuity(LIVA) and electroretinogram(ERG) were performed in 16 cases(19 eyes) of cataract. The results showed that the coincident rate between preoperative LIVA and postoperative ECVA was 63.2%, and there was a parallel correlation between preoperative amplitude of photopic ERG b-wave and postoperative ECVA in 79.0% of the eyes. Comparing these two methods, the test of LIVA ...
文摘One of the most commonly reported disabilities is vision loss,which can be diagnosed by an ophthalmologist in order to determine the visual system of a patient.This procedure,however,usually requires an appointment with an ophthalmologist,which is both time-consuming and expensive process.Other issues that can arise include a lack of appropriate equipment and trained practitioners,especially in rural areas.Centered on a cognitively motivated attribute extraction and speech recognition approach,this paper proposes a novel idea that immediately determines the eyesight deficiency.The proposed system uses an adaptive filter bank with weighted mel frequency cepstral coefficients for feature extraction.The adaptive filter bank implementation is inspired by the principle of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio that is aware of its environment and adapts to statistical variations in the input stimuli by learning from the environment.Comparative performance evaluation demonstrates the potential of our automated visual acuity test method to achieve comparable results to the clinical ground truth,established by the expert ophthalmologist’s tests.The overall accuracy achieved by the proposed model when compared with the expert ophthalmologist test is 91.875%.The proposed method potentially offers a second opinion to ophthalmologists,and serves as a cost-effective pre-screening test to predict eyesight loss at an early stage.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50405009)
文摘In order to realize visualization of three-dimensional data field （TDDF） in instrument, two methods of visualization of TDDF and the usual manner of quick graphic and image processing are analyzed. And how to use OpenGL technique and the characteristic of analyzed data to construct a TDDF, the ways of reality processing and interactive processing are described. Then the medium geometric element and a related realistic model are constructed by means of the first algorithm. Models obtained for attaching the third dimension in three-dimensional data field are presented. An example for TDDF realization of machine measuring is provided. The analysis of resultant graphic indicates that the three-dimensional graphics built by the method developed is featured by good reality, fast processing and strong interaction
文摘Background: In a previous study, a specific visual behaviour was described in four chiasmal patients. It manifested as inattention/ignorance within the temporal visual space (“visual blocking”) at monocular visual acuity testing. Moreover, in 3 out of the 4, the process of reading a text appeared cognitively impaired. Methods: As a supplement to conventional visual field testing, the present analysis focus was on microperimetry by Scanning Laser Ophthalmocopy (SLO). Our aim was to identify the perceptual retinal counterparts to the temporally located visual field defects as caused by the visual pathway lesion on a chiasmal level, possibly also to indicate the apparently ineffective saccadic movements underlying that only part of the line on the chart could be given. Results and Conclusions: The central retinal areas with lacking recognition by SLO testing were given by black rectangles expressing scotomatous points;they clustered in a zone extending nasally from the fixation area, as expected. The methodology further depicted an orderly fixation in two cases, and only minor deviation in two. Fixation saccades thus were considered by and large within normal and with only exceptional outlier points recorded. All considered, the shortcomings of the perceptual mechanisms underlying the lateralised visual inattention as observed in the four patients have remained without a satisfactory explanation.
文摘Objective: By means of neuropsychologic tests, to further analyse a specific chiasmal monocular visual testing behaviour, here labelled temporal blocking because of the elective ignorance of optotypes on the temporal side of the chart. Often it is combined with impairment of reading and other cognitive impairments. Methods: Eighteen patients with lesions to the chiasm and some degree of temporal blocking aged 24 - 76 years underwent: 1) tests for visual neglect (Gothenburg test;behavioural inattention tests: star cancellation;line bisection);2) visuo-perceptual tests;and 3) a test involving reading a crowded ten-letter and cipher bar. Results: The temporal blocking in two patients recovered after emergency neurosurgery and their results were normal when subsequently tested. Of the 16 patients with deficiencies, 14 had a poorer left eye (p Conclusions: The best neuropsychologic tests appeared to be those for visual neglect and the crowded bar test. In most cases, the right cerebral hemisphere’s lack of some crossed information from the left eye, usually needed for normative saccades and adjustment to visual space, may be a factor underlying the specific visual behaviour.
基金supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund and 2018 Ulsan University Hospital Research Grant(UUH-2018-12)(Grantee:JYP,http://www.uuh.ulsan.kr).The authors are grateful for their supports.
文摘Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice.In this study,SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality(VR)equipment;the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility.To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests,a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH tests and the proposed method,based on 30 healthy subjects.The average results of our experimental tests on the VR-based binocular SVV and SVH equipment were−0.15◦±1.74 and 0.60◦±1.18,respectively.The proposed VR-based method satisfies the normal tolerance for horizontal or vertical lines,i.e.,a±3◦error,as defined in previous studies,and it can be used to replace existing test methods.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62063006)to the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation under Grant(Nos.2023GXNSFAA026025,AA24010001)+3 种基金to the Innovation Fund of Chinese Universities Industry-University-Research(ID:2023RY018)to the Special Guangxi Industry and Information Technology Department,Textile and Pharmaceutical Division(ID:2021 No.231)to the Special Research Project of Hechi University(ID:2021GCC028)to the Key Laboratory of AI and Information Processing,Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Hechi University),No.2024GXZDSY009。
文摘In dynamic scenarios,visual simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM)algorithms often incorrectly incorporate dynamic points during camera pose computation,leading to reduced accuracy and robustness.This paper presents a dynamic SLAM algorithm that leverages object detection and regional dynamic probability.Firstly,a parallel thread employs the YOLOX object detectionmodel to gather 2D semantic information and compensate for missed detections.Next,an improved K-means++clustering algorithm clusters bounding box regions,adaptively determining the threshold for extracting dynamic object contours as dynamic points change.This process divides the image into low dynamic,suspicious dynamic,and high dynamic regions.In the tracking thread,the dynamic point removal module assigns dynamic probability weights to the feature points in these regions.Combined with geometric methods,it detects and removes the dynamic points.The final evaluation on the public TUM RGB-D dataset shows that the proposed dynamic SLAM algorithm surpasses most existing SLAM algorithms,providing better pose estimation accuracy and robustness in dynamic environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81770956,81371049,32471055 and 82171090)Project of Tianjin 131 Innovative Talent Team(201936)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin(21JCYBJC00780)the Science and Technology Fund for Health of Tianjin(TJWJ2023ZD008)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)ZJLab,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology,the Lingang Laboratory(LG-QS-202203-12)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(TJYXZDXK‑016A).
文摘The visual cortex is an essential part of the brain for processing visual information.It exhibits structural and functional plasticity,which is crucial for adapting to complex visual environments.The quintessential manifestation of visual cortical plasticity is ocular dominance plasticity during the critical period,which involves numerous cellular and molecular events.While previous studies have emphasized the role of visual cortical neurons and their associated functional molecules in visual plasticity,recent findings have revealed that structural factors such as the extracellular matrix and glia are also involved.Investigating how these molecules interact to form a complex network that facilitates plasticity in the visual cortex is crucial to our understanding of the development of the visual system and the advancement of therapeutic strategies for visual disorders like amblyopia.
