Based on the vectorial structure of an electromagnetic wave, the analytical and concise expressions for the TE and TM terms of a veetorial plane wave diffracted by a circular aperture are derived in the far-field. The...Based on the vectorial structure of an electromagnetic wave, the analytical and concise expressions for the TE and TM terms of a veetorial plane wave diffracted by a circular aperture are derived in the far-field. The expressions of the energy flux distributions of the TE term, the TM term and the diffracted plane wave are also presented. The ratios of the power of the TE and TM terms to that of the diffracted plane wave are examined in the far-field. In addition, the far-field divergence angles of the TE term, the TM term and the diffracted plane wave, which are related to the energy flux distribution, are investigated. The different energy flux distributions of the TE and TM terms result in the discrepancy of their divergence angles. The influences of the linearly polarized angle and the radius of the circular aperture on the far-field divergence angles of the TE term, the TM term and the diffracted plane wave are discussed in detail. This research may promote the recognition of the optical propagation through a circular aperture.展开更多
Atmospheric turbulence distorts the complex wavefront of light in free-space optical communication systems,leading to bit errors and even communication interruptions.Recently,it is found that the non-separability of v...Atmospheric turbulence distorts the complex wavefront of light in free-space optical communication systems,leading to bit errors and even communication interruptions.Recently,it is found that the non-separability of vectorial structured light remains invariant when transmitting through atmospheric turbulence.This discovery offers a potential solution for turbulence-resilient communications—encoding based on the non-separability of vectorial structured light.To achieve such turbulence-resilient communications,efficient detection of the non-separability of vectorial structured light is essential,which acts as the receivers of such communication systems.So far,traditional non-separability detection schemes usually rely on bulky SLMs or DMDs,facing inherent trade-offs between single-shot capability and system compactness.In addition,the detection of mode-resolved non-separability contributions of vectorial superposition states has not yet been accomplished.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent detector to characterize the non-separability of vectorial structured light based on off-axis digital holography,which overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches by digitally decomposing spatial modes.Our approach may pave the way for turbulence-resilient optical communications based on non-separability coding methods and bring new insights into non-separability measurement.展开更多
Based on the vectorial structure of electromagnetic beam and the method of stationary phase, the analytical structure of Hermite Gaussian beam in far field is presented. The structural energy flux distributions are al...Based on the vectorial structure of electromagnetic beam and the method of stationary phase, the analytical structure of Hermite Gaussian beam in far field is presented. The structural energy flux distributions are also investigated in the far field. The structural pictures of some Hermite Gaussian beams are depicted in the far field. As the structure of Hermite Gaussian beam is dominated by the transverse mode numbers and the initial transverse Gaussian half width, it is more complex than that of Gaussian beam. The ratios of the structural energy fluxes to the whole energy flux are independent of the transverse mode numbers and the initial transverse Gaussian half width. The present research reveals the internal vectorial structure of Hermite Gaussian beam from other viewpoint.展开更多
Based on the vector angular spectrum representation of optical beam and the method of stationary phase, the analytical TE and TM terms of vector Gaussian beam have been presented in the far field. By using the local p...Based on the vector angular spectrum representation of optical beam and the method of stationary phase, the analytical TE and TM terms of vector Gaussian beam have been presented in the far field. By using the local polarization matrix, the polarization properties of the TE and TM terms in the far field are investigated, and it is found that the degree of their polarization is only determined by the spatial location. When the source is completely polarized, the TE and TM terms are both completely polarized in the far field. When the source is completely unpolarized, the TE and TM terms in the far field are partially polarized. The whole beam is also partially polarized except on the propagating axis. Moreover, the degrees of polarization of TE and TM terms are both larger than that of the whole beam.展开更多
The vectorial structure of cosine-Gaussian beams (cGBs) is investigated in the far field regime based on the vector plane wave spectrum and the method of stationary phase. The energy flux densities of TE or TM term an...The vectorial structure of cosine-Gaussian beams (cGBs) is investigated in the far field regime based on the vector plane wave spectrum and the method of stationary phase. The energy flux densities of TE or TM term and the ratio of the energy flux of TE or TM term in the whole beam are demonstrated. It is found that the spot configurations of the energy flux densities associated with the TE and TM terms depend on the polarization angle and the beam parameter of the incident cGB. And the far field may be entirely transverse magnetic or transverse electric under appropriate polarization angle and beam parameter.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10974179)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China (Grant No.Y1090073)
文摘Based on the vectorial structure of an electromagnetic wave, the analytical and concise expressions for the TE and TM terms of a veetorial plane wave diffracted by a circular aperture are derived in the far-field. The expressions of the energy flux distributions of the TE term, the TM term and the diffracted plane wave are also presented. The ratios of the power of the TE and TM terms to that of the diffracted plane wave are examined in the far-field. In addition, the far-field divergence angles of the TE term, the TM term and the diffracted plane wave, which are related to the energy flux distribution, are investigated. The different energy flux distributions of the TE and TM terms result in the discrepancy of their divergence angles. The influences of the linearly polarized angle and the radius of the circular aperture on the far-field divergence angles of the TE term, the TM term and the diffracted plane wave are discussed in detail. This research may promote the recognition of the optical propagation through a circular aperture.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFE0102200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62405233,62125503,62261160388)+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XJSJ24030)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2023AFA028)Hubei Optical Fundamental Research Center(HBO2025TQ004)the Opening Project of Henan Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Photoelectric Detection and Sensing Integration,Henan Polytechnic University(KF202504)Yize Liang thanks UPOLabs for providing the SLM(HDSLM80R-PLUS).
文摘Atmospheric turbulence distorts the complex wavefront of light in free-space optical communication systems,leading to bit errors and even communication interruptions.Recently,it is found that the non-separability of vectorial structured light remains invariant when transmitting through atmospheric turbulence.This discovery offers a potential solution for turbulence-resilient communications—encoding based on the non-separability of vectorial structured light.To achieve such turbulence-resilient communications,efficient detection of the non-separability of vectorial structured light is essential,which acts as the receivers of such communication systems.So far,traditional non-separability detection schemes usually rely on bulky SLMs or DMDs,facing inherent trade-offs between single-shot capability and system compactness.In addition,the detection of mode-resolved non-separability contributions of vectorial superposition states has not yet been accomplished.Here,we propose and experimentally demonstrate a coherent detector to characterize the non-separability of vectorial structured light based on off-axis digital holography,which overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches by digitally decomposing spatial modes.Our approach may pave the way for turbulence-resilient optical communications based on non-separability coding methods and bring new insights into non-separability measurement.
文摘Based on the vectorial structure of electromagnetic beam and the method of stationary phase, the analytical structure of Hermite Gaussian beam in far field is presented. The structural energy flux distributions are also investigated in the far field. The structural pictures of some Hermite Gaussian beams are depicted in the far field. As the structure of Hermite Gaussian beam is dominated by the transverse mode numbers and the initial transverse Gaussian half width, it is more complex than that of Gaussian beam. The ratios of the structural energy fluxes to the whole energy flux are independent of the transverse mode numbers and the initial transverse Gaussian half width. The present research reveals the internal vectorial structure of Hermite Gaussian beam from other viewpoint.
文摘Based on the vector angular spectrum representation of optical beam and the method of stationary phase, the analytical TE and TM terms of vector Gaussian beam have been presented in the far field. By using the local polarization matrix, the polarization properties of the TE and TM terms in the far field are investigated, and it is found that the degree of their polarization is only determined by the spatial location. When the source is completely polarized, the TE and TM terms are both completely polarized in the far field. When the source is completely unpolarized, the TE and TM terms in the far field are partially polarized. The whole beam is also partially polarized except on the propagating axis. Moreover, the degrees of polarization of TE and TM terms are both larger than that of the whole beam.
文摘The vectorial structure of cosine-Gaussian beams (cGBs) is investigated in the far field regime based on the vector plane wave spectrum and the method of stationary phase. The energy flux densities of TE or TM term and the ratio of the energy flux of TE or TM term in the whole beam are demonstrated. It is found that the spot configurations of the energy flux densities associated with the TE and TM terms depend on the polarization angle and the beam parameter of the incident cGB. And the far field may be entirely transverse magnetic or transverse electric under appropriate polarization angle and beam parameter.
