To enhance dynamic tracking performance and anti-disturbance capacity of finite impulse response(FIR) filters, variable discount factors are introduced to the recursive least squares(RLS) algorithm. By employing impro...To enhance dynamic tracking performance and anti-disturbance capacity of finite impulse response(FIR) filters, variable discount factors are introduced to the recursive least squares(RLS) algorithm. By employing improved FIR filters to conduct modelling of industrial robot drive systems, dynamic characteristics of the target systems are identified. Then the fault detection for a target system can be utilized by analyzing the coefficients of the FIR filter. Finally, an application of the fault detection scheme to a kind of brushless DC motor drive system is described. Compared with reference methods, the proposed scheme achieves effective fault detection and performs better in dynamic tracking and robustness according to the final simulation results.展开更多
To elucidate the relationship between pipeline erosion and wear during slurry transportation,this study considers three key influencing parameters,namely,the ratio of inlet to outlet pipe diameter,the length of the va...To elucidate the relationship between pipeline erosion and wear during slurry transportation,this study considers three key influencing parameters,namely,the ratio of inlet to outlet pipe diameter,the length of the variable diameter section,and the roughness of the pipe wall.The impact of these factors on pipeline erosion and wear is analyzed using a single-factor analysis approach.In particular,the Fluent software is employed to conduct the required numerical simulations for variable diameter elbows of varying morphologies.The results indicate that as the inlet to outlet diameter ratio increases,the wear on the pipe inlet and the outer wall of the elbow becomes increasingly pronounced.Notably,when the diameter ratio exceeds 0.8,there is a significant escalation in wear on both the inner and outer elbow walls.Initially,the maximum erosion rate decreases sharply with increasing diameter ratio before a stable condition is attained.Erosion wear in the variable diameter section exhibits a distinct layered distribution pattern.In this region,the wear range for a 40 mm length of the pipe body is relatively small;however,once this length exceeds 40 mm,the wear range expands,ultimately covering the entire pipe section.The length of the variable diameter section significantly influences the maximum erosion rate of the pipeline,with sections shorter than 80 mm experiencing the most severe effects,and showing an exponential decline in erosion rate.As the wall roughness gradually increases,the wear area on both cheeks of the bend section rapidly expands and tends to deepen further.When the roughness reaches 4 mm,the pipeline wear experiences a dramatic shift,resulting in extensive“spot-like”wear patterns emerging at the bottom and sides of the horizontal flow section,which previously exhibited no wear.展开更多
Variability in soil properties is a critical element across wide areas of researches especially in several aspects of agriculture and environment including sewage disposal and global climate change. Particle size frac...Variability in soil properties is a critical element across wide areas of researches especially in several aspects of agriculture and environment including sewage disposal and global climate change. Particle size fraction (sand, silt, and clay), effective cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) and acidity are frequently used in agriculture for soil management. The objective of this study therefore was to identify soil management factors from these set of 15 soil properties and spatial distribution of representative soil management properties. The study was carried out in the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm measuring 8.19 hectares in University of Uyo Annex, Uyo in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Nine and ten traverses were made horizontally and vertically respectively at 40 meters intervals. A total of 58 soil samples were collected at 0 - 15 cm depth on the grid nodes of the traverses. Particle size distributions, exchangeable bases and acidity, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), available phosphorus (avail. P), base saturation (BS), organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio (CNR) and pH of the samples were determined in the laboratory. Coefficient of variation indicated that 26.6% of the soil properties (sand content, pH, CNR and sodium) were least variable, 40.1% comprising silt, clay contents, ECEC, base saturation, phosphorus and magnesium were moderately. Whereas 33.3% of the soil properties comprising clay content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, K and acidity (i.e.) were highly variable. There were significant correlation (p < 0.05) in 26.6% of the soil properties, the strongest negative significant (p < 0.01) correlations were between sand and clay (r = –0.85), exchangeable acidity and base saturation (r = –0.85), whereas the strongest positive significant correlations were between ECEC and Ca (r = 0.80), Ca and BS (r = 0.74), organic carbon and total nitrogen (r = 0.80). Principal component analysis indicated the existence of six factors including mineralogical or weathering, soil organic matter, cation exchange activity, soil texture, and dispersion and soil phosphorus based on either management or pedological considerations. Semivariance statistics showed that sand and clay contents, ECEC, BS and total N were moderately (≥25.7% ≤47.3%), while silt content, pH, organic carbon, CNR, avail. P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na and acidity (≥0.18% ≤22.8%) were strongly spatially dependent. The variability observed was primarily incident upon factors of soil formation. Therefore, the utilization of spatial structure of organic matter and texture factors in the management of nutrient and soil water will facilitate planning of crop production scheme on coastal plain sands soils.展开更多
The proportionate recursive least squares(PRLS)algorithm has shown faster convergence and better performance than both proportionate updating(PU)mechanism based least mean squares(LMS)algorithms and RLS algorithms wit...The proportionate recursive least squares(PRLS)algorithm has shown faster convergence and better performance than both proportionate updating(PU)mechanism based least mean squares(LMS)algorithms and RLS algorithms with a sparse regularization term.In this paper,we propose a variable forgetting factor(VFF)PRLS algorithm with a sparse penalty,e.g.,l_(1)-norm,for sparse identification.To reduce the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm,a fast implementation method based on dichotomous coordinate descent(DCD)algorithm is also derived.Simulation results indicate superior performance of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by la...Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by large elevation gradient and different vegetation zones with complex processes of water and energy exchange.The quality of ET from optical remote sensing is constrained by cloud cover which is common in the NRB in the monsoon seasons.To understand factors controlling the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ET in NRB,we employed the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model by parameter optimization with support of quality controlled remote sensing ET product and observed river runoff series in the river.The modeled ET has increased during 1984-2018,which might be one of the reasons for the runoff decrease but precipitation increase in the same period.ET increase and runoff decrease tended to be quicker within altitudinal band of 2000-4000 m than in other areas in NRB.We observed that ET variation in different climatic zones were controlled by different factors.ET is generally positively correlated with precipitation,temperature,and shortwave radiation but negatively with relative humidity.In the Tundra Climate(Et)zone in the upper reach of NRB,ET is controlled by precipitation,while it is controlled by shortwave radiation in the snow climate with dry winter(Dw)zone.ET increase is influenced by the increase of temperature,wind speed,and shortwave radiation in the middle and downstream of NRB with warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf)and warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw).展开更多
For a century, hypothesis of a variable time is laid down by the Relativity Theory. This hypothesis can explain many Nature observations, experiments and formulas, for example the Lorentz factor demonstration. Because...For a century, hypothesis of a variable time is laid down by the Relativity Theory. This hypothesis can explain many Nature observations, experiments and formulas, for example the Lorentz factor demonstration. Because of such good explanations, the hypothesis of a variable time has been validated. Nevertheless, it remains some paradoxes and some predictions which are difficult to measure, as a reversible time or the time variation itself. The purpose of this article is to study another hypothesis. If it gives interesting results, it would mean that this alternative hypothesis can also be validated. The idea in this paper is to replace the variable time by a variable inertial mass. To the difference with the Theory of Relativity (where the inertial mass and the gravitational mass are equal and variable), the gravitational mass is here supposed to be constant. So, starting from the definition of the kinetic energy, it is introduced the Lorentz factor. And then it is demonstrated the value of the Lorentz factor thanks to a variable inertial mass. This variable inertial mass can also explain experiments, like Bertozzi experiment. If this alternative demonstration was validated, it could help to open doors, other physical effects could be explained like the addition of velocities.展开更多
Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and...Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and TB claims the lives of nearly 3 million people each year,making it one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease[1].China ranks third globally in terms of TB burden,with approximately 733,000 TB cases reported in 2023[2].Based on the ecological model of health determinants developed by Whitehead and Dahlgren,health determinants can be classified into direct causes.展开更多
Artificial bee colony(ABC) is one of the most popular swarm intelligence optimization algorithms which have been widely used in numerical optimization and engineering applications. However, there are still deficiencie...Artificial bee colony(ABC) is one of the most popular swarm intelligence optimization algorithms which have been widely used in numerical optimization and engineering applications. However, there are still deficiencies in ABC regarding its local search ability and global search efficiency. Aiming at these deficiencies,an ABC variant named hybrid ABC(HABC) algorithm is proposed.Firstly, the variable neighborhood search factor is added to the solution search equation, which can enhance the local search ability and increase the population diversity. Secondly, inspired by the neuroscience investigation of real honeybees, the memory mechanism is put forward, which assumes the artificial bees can remember their past successful experiences and further guide the subsequent foraging behavior. The proposed memory mechanism is used to improve the global search efficiency. Finally, the results of comparison on a set of ten benchmark functions demonstrate the superiority of HABC.展开更多
This paper discusses the utilization of latent variable modeling related to occupational health and safety in the mining industry.Latent variable modeling,which is a statistical model that relates observable and laten...This paper discusses the utilization of latent variable modeling related to occupational health and safety in the mining industry.Latent variable modeling,which is a statistical model that relates observable and latent variables,could be used to facilitate researchers’understandings of the underlying constructs or hypothetical factors and their magnitude of effect that constitute a complex system.This enhanced understanding,in turn,can help emphasize the important factors to improve mine safety.The most commonly used techniques include the exploratory factor analysis(EFA),the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and the structural equation model with latent variables(SEM).A critical comparison of the three techniques regarding mine safety is provided.Possible applications of latent variable modeling in mining engineering are explored.In this scope,relevant research papers were reviewed.They suggest that the application of such methods could prove useful in mine accident and safety research.Application of latent variables analysis in cognitive work analysis was proposed to improve the understanding of human-work relationships in mining operations.展开更多
A modified polarization saturation model is proposed and addressed math- ematically using a complex variable approach in two-dimensional （2D） semipermeable piezoelectric media. In this model, an existing polarizatio...A modified polarization saturation model is proposed and addressed math- ematically using a complex variable approach in two-dimensional （2D） semipermeable piezoelectric media. In this model, an existing polarization saturation （PS） model in 2D piezoelectric media is modified by considering a linearly varying saturated normal electric displacement load in place of a constant normal electric displacement load, applied on a saturated electric zone. A centre cracked infinite 2D piezoelectric domain subject to an arbitrary poling direction and in-plane electromechanical loadings is considered for the analytical and numerical studies. Here, the problem is mathematically modeled as a non-homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problem in terms of unknown complex potential functions representing electric displacement and stress components. Having solved the Hilbert problem, the solutions to the saturated zone length, the crack opening displace- ment （COD）, the crack opening potential （COP）, and the local stress intensity factors （SIFs） are obtained in explicit forms. A numerical study is also presented for the proposed modified model, showing the effects of the saturation condition on the applied electrical loading, the saturation zone length, and the COP. The results of fracture parameters obtained from the proposed model are compared with the existing PS model subject to electrical loading, crack face conditions, and polarization angles.展开更多
Accurate engine performance models are important for model-based performance evaluation of aero engine.The accuracy of the model often depends on engine component maps,so there is a need for a method that can accurate...Accurate engine performance models are important for model-based performance evaluation of aero engine.The accuracy of the model often depends on engine component maps,so there is a need for a method that can accurately correct the component maps of the model over a wide range.In this paper,a new method for modifying component maps is proposed,this method combines the correction of the scaling factors with the solution process of the off-design working point,and uses the adjustment of the variable geometric parameters of the engine to change the position of the working line,in order to obtain more correction results and guarantee high accuracy in a wider range.The method is validated by taking the main fan of the Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE),an ideal power unit for a new generation of multi-purpose and ultra-wide working range aircraft,as an example.The results show that the maximum error between the corrected component maps and the target maps is less than 1%.New possibility for more precise component maps can be realized in this paper.展开更多
Conformal invariance and conserved quantities of a general holonomic system with variable mass are studied. The definition and the determining equation of conformal invariance for a general holonomic system with varia...Conformal invariance and conserved quantities of a general holonomic system with variable mass are studied. The definition and the determining equation of conformal invariance for a general holonomic system with variable mass are provided. The conformal factor expression is deduced from conformal invariance and Lie symmetry. The relationship between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry is discussed, and the necessary and sufficient condition under which the conformal invariance would be the Lie symmetry of the system under an infinitesimal oneparameter transformation group is deduced. The conserved quantities of the system are given. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.展开更多
In this review, single-chain fragment variable construction using phage-display technology as a promising anticancer immunotherapy technology is described. Cloning and the specific bio-panning selection with phage dis...In this review, single-chain fragment variable construction using phage-display technology as a promising anticancer immunotherapy technology is described. Cloning and the specific bio-panning selection with phage display technology, as well as the use of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the surface of MCF-7 cells as the antigen for the straightforward specific selection of single chain Fvs, are discussed. Moreover, phage display technologies and their application are important for vaccine production and immunotherapy against viruses and cancers. Furthermore, expression of the gene will cause the production and expression of the protein in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which can be used to detect anti-cancer single chain fragment variables (scFvs). Finally, homology modelling is described to show the three-dimensional scFv structure that verifies the Complementary-Determining-Regions (CDRs) on the surface of the model.展开更多
The point and the line contacts of a toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) are studied. The contact shapes between the roller and input and output disks are formulated by using the classical Hertz contact ...The point and the line contacts of a toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) are studied. The contact shapes between the roller and input and output disks are formulated by using the classical Hertz contact theory. Based on the formulated equations, different system factors affecting the maximum Hertz stress in the elliptical and strip contacts of the full toroidal CVT are explored, which include the properties of the contacting material (Young’s modulus), operating condition (pushing load) and geometrical parameters (aspect cavity ratio, aspect roller ratio). The comparative results reveal the relations between the maximum Hertz stress and the speed ratio in the form of graphs. These graphs give useful information for designer to know the maximum Hertz stress during operation in such systems.展开更多
Asymmetric three-phase cascading Trinary-DC source Multilevel Inverter which can achieve reduced harmonics and superior root mean square (RMS) values of the output voltage is proposed. This topology can achieve cascad...Asymmetric three-phase cascading Trinary-DC source Multilevel Inverter which can achieve reduced harmonics and superior root mean square (RMS) values of the output voltage is proposed. This topology can achieve cascaded full bridge inverter operation with dissimilar (unequal) DC Source and it is fired by using variable frequency pulse with modulation technique as a switching strategy. This pulse width modulation switching strategy has a newly adopted multicarrier single reference technique. The performance parameter factors like Form Factor (FF), Crest Factor (CF), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and fundamental RMS output voltage (V<sub>RMS</sub>) are estimated by using proposed asymmetrical three-phase cascading multilevel inverter for several modulation indices (0.8 - 1). The research study carries with MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation and experimental results obtained using appropriate prototype (test board) to prove the viability of the proposed concept.展开更多
The rapid intensification(RI)magnitude of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific(WNP)exhibits significant interannual variability and is influenced by multiple factors across various scales.These factors...The rapid intensification(RI)magnitude of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific(WNP)exhibits significant interannual variability and is influenced by multiple factors across various scales.These factors primarily include:interannual factors—sea surface temperature(SST)in key regions of the WNP,eastern Indian Ocean SST,El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),South Pacific Subtropical Dipole(SPSD),and western Pacific teleconnection;decadal factors—Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO);and longer-term factor—global warming.This study systematically analyzes these factors and their potential impacts,quantitatively assessing their relative importance.A statistical prediction model for the WNP TC-RI magnitude is developed based on ridge regression methods.The results indicate that the influence of these factors on the RI magnitude is closely related to the large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions.Among them,the SPSD plays the most critical role in the interannual variability of the RI magnitude,followed by global warming and the AMO.Further analysis reveals that the statistical prediction model based on multiple factors demonstrates good predictive skill for the interannual variability of the TC RI magnitude.展开更多
基金Supported by the Provincial Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (202013571002Z)。
文摘To enhance dynamic tracking performance and anti-disturbance capacity of finite impulse response(FIR) filters, variable discount factors are introduced to the recursive least squares(RLS) algorithm. By employing improved FIR filters to conduct modelling of industrial robot drive systems, dynamic characteristics of the target systems are identified. Then the fault detection for a target system can be utilized by analyzing the coefficients of the FIR filter. Finally, an application of the fault detection scheme to a kind of brushless DC motor drive system is described. Compared with reference methods, the proposed scheme achieves effective fault detection and performs better in dynamic tracking and robustness according to the final simulation results.
基金supported by the project of the Educational Department of Liaoning Province(No.LJKMZ20220825)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774199).
文摘To elucidate the relationship between pipeline erosion and wear during slurry transportation,this study considers three key influencing parameters,namely,the ratio of inlet to outlet pipe diameter,the length of the variable diameter section,and the roughness of the pipe wall.The impact of these factors on pipeline erosion and wear is analyzed using a single-factor analysis approach.In particular,the Fluent software is employed to conduct the required numerical simulations for variable diameter elbows of varying morphologies.The results indicate that as the inlet to outlet diameter ratio increases,the wear on the pipe inlet and the outer wall of the elbow becomes increasingly pronounced.Notably,when the diameter ratio exceeds 0.8,there is a significant escalation in wear on both the inner and outer elbow walls.Initially,the maximum erosion rate decreases sharply with increasing diameter ratio before a stable condition is attained.Erosion wear in the variable diameter section exhibits a distinct layered distribution pattern.In this region,the wear range for a 40 mm length of the pipe body is relatively small;however,once this length exceeds 40 mm,the wear range expands,ultimately covering the entire pipe section.The length of the variable diameter section significantly influences the maximum erosion rate of the pipeline,with sections shorter than 80 mm experiencing the most severe effects,and showing an exponential decline in erosion rate.As the wall roughness gradually increases,the wear area on both cheeks of the bend section rapidly expands and tends to deepen further.When the roughness reaches 4 mm,the pipeline wear experiences a dramatic shift,resulting in extensive“spot-like”wear patterns emerging at the bottom and sides of the horizontal flow section,which previously exhibited no wear.
文摘Variability in soil properties is a critical element across wide areas of researches especially in several aspects of agriculture and environment including sewage disposal and global climate change. Particle size fraction (sand, silt, and clay), effective cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) and acidity are frequently used in agriculture for soil management. The objective of this study therefore was to identify soil management factors from these set of 15 soil properties and spatial distribution of representative soil management properties. The study was carried out in the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm measuring 8.19 hectares in University of Uyo Annex, Uyo in Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria. Nine and ten traverses were made horizontally and vertically respectively at 40 meters intervals. A total of 58 soil samples were collected at 0 - 15 cm depth on the grid nodes of the traverses. Particle size distributions, exchangeable bases and acidity, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), available phosphorus (avail. P), base saturation (BS), organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon nitrogen ratio (CNR) and pH of the samples were determined in the laboratory. Coefficient of variation indicated that 26.6% of the soil properties (sand content, pH, CNR and sodium) were least variable, 40.1% comprising silt, clay contents, ECEC, base saturation, phosphorus and magnesium were moderately. Whereas 33.3% of the soil properties comprising clay content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, K and acidity (i.e.) were highly variable. There were significant correlation (p < 0.05) in 26.6% of the soil properties, the strongest negative significant (p < 0.01) correlations were between sand and clay (r = –0.85), exchangeable acidity and base saturation (r = –0.85), whereas the strongest positive significant correlations were between ECEC and Ca (r = 0.80), Ca and BS (r = 0.74), organic carbon and total nitrogen (r = 0.80). Principal component analysis indicated the existence of six factors including mineralogical or weathering, soil organic matter, cation exchange activity, soil texture, and dispersion and soil phosphorus based on either management or pedological considerations. Semivariance statistics showed that sand and clay contents, ECEC, BS and total N were moderately (≥25.7% ≤47.3%), while silt content, pH, organic carbon, CNR, avail. P, exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na and acidity (≥0.18% ≤22.8%) were strongly spatially dependent. The variability observed was primarily incident upon factors of soil formation. Therefore, the utilization of spatial structure of organic matter and texture factors in the management of nutrient and soil water will facilitate planning of crop production scheme on coastal plain sands soils.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB0505803)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0501700)。
文摘The proportionate recursive least squares(PRLS)algorithm has shown faster convergence and better performance than both proportionate updating(PU)mechanism based least mean squares(LMS)algorithms and RLS algorithms with a sparse regularization term.In this paper,we propose a variable forgetting factor(VFF)PRLS algorithm with a sparse penalty,e.g.,l_(1)-norm,for sparse identification.To reduce the computation complexity of the proposed algorithm,a fast implementation method based on dichotomous coordinate descent(DCD)algorithm is also derived.Simulation results indicate superior performance of the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171129)the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2019QZKK0208)Yunnan University Talent Introduction Research Project(YJRC3201702)。
文摘Land surface evapotranspiration(ET)is a critical component in the hydrological cycle but has not well been understood in data-scarce areas especially in river basins,like Nujiang River(NRB)which is characterized by large elevation gradient and different vegetation zones with complex processes of water and energy exchange.The quality of ET from optical remote sensing is constrained by cloud cover which is common in the NRB in the monsoon seasons.To understand factors controlling the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of ET in NRB,we employed the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model by parameter optimization with support of quality controlled remote sensing ET product and observed river runoff series in the river.The modeled ET has increased during 1984-2018,which might be one of the reasons for the runoff decrease but precipitation increase in the same period.ET increase and runoff decrease tended to be quicker within altitudinal band of 2000-4000 m than in other areas in NRB.We observed that ET variation in different climatic zones were controlled by different factors.ET is generally positively correlated with precipitation,temperature,and shortwave radiation but negatively with relative humidity.In the Tundra Climate(Et)zone in the upper reach of NRB,ET is controlled by precipitation,while it is controlled by shortwave radiation in the snow climate with dry winter(Dw)zone.ET increase is influenced by the increase of temperature,wind speed,and shortwave radiation in the middle and downstream of NRB with warm temperate climate,fully humid(Cf)and warm temperate climate with dry winter(Cw).
文摘For a century, hypothesis of a variable time is laid down by the Relativity Theory. This hypothesis can explain many Nature observations, experiments and formulas, for example the Lorentz factor demonstration. Because of such good explanations, the hypothesis of a variable time has been validated. Nevertheless, it remains some paradoxes and some predictions which are difficult to measure, as a reversible time or the time variation itself. The purpose of this article is to study another hypothesis. If it gives interesting results, it would mean that this alternative hypothesis can also be validated. The idea in this paper is to replace the variable time by a variable inertial mass. To the difference with the Theory of Relativity (where the inertial mass and the gravitational mass are equal and variable), the gravitational mass is here supposed to be constant. So, starting from the definition of the kinetic energy, it is introduced the Lorentz factor. And then it is demonstrated the value of the Lorentz factor thanks to a variable inertial mass. This variable inertial mass can also explain experiments, like Bertozzi experiment. If this alternative demonstration was validated, it could help to open doors, other physical effects could be explained like the addition of velocities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82574173,82003516)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20251958)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Discipline(ZDXK202250)Top Talent Awards Project Fund(RDF-TP-0023,RDF-TP-0030)Postgraduate Research Fund(PGRS2112022)at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University.
文摘Tuberculosis(TB),one of the oldest infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,poses a considerable challenge to global public health.There are approximately 10 million new TB cases worldwide annually,and TB claims the lives of nearly 3 million people each year,making it one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease[1].China ranks third globally in terms of TB burden,with approximately 733,000 TB cases reported in 2023[2].Based on the ecological model of health determinants developed by Whitehead and Dahlgren,health determinants can be classified into direct causes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7177121671701209)
文摘Artificial bee colony(ABC) is one of the most popular swarm intelligence optimization algorithms which have been widely used in numerical optimization and engineering applications. However, there are still deficiencies in ABC regarding its local search ability and global search efficiency. Aiming at these deficiencies,an ABC variant named hybrid ABC(HABC) algorithm is proposed.Firstly, the variable neighborhood search factor is added to the solution search equation, which can enhance the local search ability and increase the population diversity. Secondly, inspired by the neuroscience investigation of real honeybees, the memory mechanism is put forward, which assumes the artificial bees can remember their past successful experiences and further guide the subsequent foraging behavior. The proposed memory mechanism is used to improve the global search efficiency. Finally, the results of comparison on a set of ten benchmark functions demonstrate the superiority of HABC.
基金Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)(ID:236482)for supporting this research
文摘This paper discusses the utilization of latent variable modeling related to occupational health and safety in the mining industry.Latent variable modeling,which is a statistical model that relates observable and latent variables,could be used to facilitate researchers’understandings of the underlying constructs or hypothetical factors and their magnitude of effect that constitute a complex system.This enhanced understanding,in turn,can help emphasize the important factors to improve mine safety.The most commonly used techniques include the exploratory factor analysis(EFA),the confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and the structural equation model with latent variables(SEM).A critical comparison of the three techniques regarding mine safety is provided.Possible applications of latent variable modeling in mining engineering are explored.In this scope,relevant research papers were reviewed.They suggest that the application of such methods could prove useful in mine accident and safety research.Application of latent variables analysis in cognitive work analysis was proposed to improve the understanding of human-work relationships in mining operations.
文摘A modified polarization saturation model is proposed and addressed math- ematically using a complex variable approach in two-dimensional （2D） semipermeable piezoelectric media. In this model, an existing polarization saturation （PS） model in 2D piezoelectric media is modified by considering a linearly varying saturated normal electric displacement load in place of a constant normal electric displacement load, applied on a saturated electric zone. A centre cracked infinite 2D piezoelectric domain subject to an arbitrary poling direction and in-plane electromechanical loadings is considered for the analytical and numerical studies. Here, the problem is mathematically modeled as a non-homogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problem in terms of unknown complex potential functions representing electric displacement and stress components. Having solved the Hilbert problem, the solutions to the saturated zone length, the crack opening displace- ment （COD）, the crack opening potential （COP）, and the local stress intensity factors （SIFs） are obtained in explicit forms. A numerical study is also presented for the proposed modified model, showing the effects of the saturation condition on the applied electrical loading, the saturation zone length, and the COP. The results of fracture parameters obtained from the proposed model are compared with the existing PS model subject to electrical loading, crack face conditions, and polarization angles.
基金funded by National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.51776010,and 91860205)the support from Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Aero-Engine,china。
文摘Accurate engine performance models are important for model-based performance evaluation of aero engine.The accuracy of the model often depends on engine component maps,so there is a need for a method that can accurately correct the component maps of the model over a wide range.In this paper,a new method for modifying component maps is proposed,this method combines the correction of the scaling factors with the solution process of the off-design working point,and uses the adjustment of the variable geometric parameters of the engine to change the position of the working line,in order to obtain more correction results and guarantee high accuracy in a wider range.The method is validated by taking the main fan of the Adaptive Cycle Engine(ACE),an ideal power unit for a new generation of multi-purpose and ultra-wide working range aircraft,as an example.The results show that the maximum error between the corrected component maps and the target maps is less than 1%.New possibility for more precise component maps can be realized in this paper.
基金Project supported by the Key Disciplines’ Building Foundation of Henan Institute of Educationthe Natural Science Foundation of Education Bureau of Henan Province,China (Grant No. 2009A140003)the Young Core Instructor from Henan Institute of Education
文摘Conformal invariance and conserved quantities of a general holonomic system with variable mass are studied. The definition and the determining equation of conformal invariance for a general holonomic system with variable mass are provided. The conformal factor expression is deduced from conformal invariance and Lie symmetry. The relationship between the conformal invariance and the Lie symmetry is discussed, and the necessary and sufficient condition under which the conformal invariance would be the Lie symmetry of the system under an infinitesimal oneparameter transformation group is deduced. The conserved quantities of the system are given. An example is given to illustrate the application of the result.
文摘In this review, single-chain fragment variable construction using phage-display technology as a promising anticancer immunotherapy technology is described. Cloning and the specific bio-panning selection with phage display technology, as well as the use of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the surface of MCF-7 cells as the antigen for the straightforward specific selection of single chain Fvs, are discussed. Moreover, phage display technologies and their application are important for vaccine production and immunotherapy against viruses and cancers. Furthermore, expression of the gene will cause the production and expression of the protein in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, which can be used to detect anti-cancer single chain fragment variables (scFvs). Finally, homology modelling is described to show the three-dimensional scFv structure that verifies the Complementary-Determining-Regions (CDRs) on the surface of the model.
基金Funded by the Ford-NSFC Foundation of China (No.50122151).
文摘The point and the line contacts of a toroidal continuously variable transmission (CVT) are studied. The contact shapes between the roller and input and output disks are formulated by using the classical Hertz contact theory. Based on the formulated equations, different system factors affecting the maximum Hertz stress in the elliptical and strip contacts of the full toroidal CVT are explored, which include the properties of the contacting material (Young’s modulus), operating condition (pushing load) and geometrical parameters (aspect cavity ratio, aspect roller ratio). The comparative results reveal the relations between the maximum Hertz stress and the speed ratio in the form of graphs. These graphs give useful information for designer to know the maximum Hertz stress during operation in such systems.
文摘Asymmetric three-phase cascading Trinary-DC source Multilevel Inverter which can achieve reduced harmonics and superior root mean square (RMS) values of the output voltage is proposed. This topology can achieve cascaded full bridge inverter operation with dissimilar (unequal) DC Source and it is fired by using variable frequency pulse with modulation technique as a switching strategy. This pulse width modulation switching strategy has a newly adopted multicarrier single reference technique. The performance parameter factors like Form Factor (FF), Crest Factor (CF), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and fundamental RMS output voltage (V<sub>RMS</sub>) are estimated by using proposed asymmetrical three-phase cascading multilevel inverter for several modulation indices (0.8 - 1). The research study carries with MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation and experimental results obtained using appropriate prototype (test board) to prove the viability of the proposed concept.
基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2020B0301030004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41875114)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China(23DZ1204703)。
文摘The rapid intensification(RI)magnitude of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific(WNP)exhibits significant interannual variability and is influenced by multiple factors across various scales.These factors primarily include:interannual factors—sea surface temperature(SST)in key regions of the WNP,eastern Indian Ocean SST,El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO),South Pacific Subtropical Dipole(SPSD),and western Pacific teleconnection;decadal factors—Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO);and longer-term factor—global warming.This study systematically analyzes these factors and their potential impacts,quantitatively assessing their relative importance.A statistical prediction model for the WNP TC-RI magnitude is developed based on ridge regression methods.The results indicate that the influence of these factors on the RI magnitude is closely related to the large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions.Among them,the SPSD plays the most critical role in the interannual variability of the RI magnitude,followed by global warming and the AMO.Further analysis reveals that the statistical prediction model based on multiple factors demonstrates good predictive skill for the interannual variability of the TC RI magnitude.
