This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 te...This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 teachers and undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The results showed people's different attitudes towards the two forms of display.展开更多
A distributed processing system (DPS) contains many autonomous nodes, which contribute their own computing power. DPS is considered a unified logical structure, operating in a distributed manner;the processing tasks a...A distributed processing system (DPS) contains many autonomous nodes, which contribute their own computing power. DPS is considered a unified logical structure, operating in a distributed manner;the processing tasks are divided into fragments and assigned to various nodes for processing. That type of operation requires and involves a great deal of communication. We propose to use the decentralized approach, based on a distributed hash table, to reduce the communication overhead and remove the server unit, thus avoiding having a single point of failure in the system. This paper proposes a mathematical model and algorithms that are implemented in a dedicated experimental system. Using the decentralized approach, this study demonstrates the efficient operation of a decentralized system which results in a reduced energy emission.展开更多
The data tree table is a type of data structure consisting of data tree and table, which has a wide field of applications. The visual and dynamic growing algorithm of data tree table and its software method are presen...The data tree table is a type of data structure consisting of data tree and table, which has a wide field of applications. The visual and dynamic growing algorithm of data tree table and its software method are presented based on the theory of the data structure and visual technology of software. The method of the expression and management of data tree table with relational mode are explored.展开更多
Knowledge discovery, as an increasingly adopted information technology in biomedical science, has shown great promise in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In this paper, we provided a kind of multidimen...Knowledge discovery, as an increasingly adopted information technology in biomedical science, has shown great promise in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In this paper, we provided a kind of multidimensional table which was well suited for organizing and analyzing the data in ancient Chinese books on Materia Medica. Moreover, we demonstrated its capability of facilitating further mining works in TCM through two illustrative studies of discovering meaningful patterns in the three-dimensional table of Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica. This work might provide an appropriate data model for the development of knowledge discovery in TCM.展开更多
Uses of the Buys-Ballot table for choice of appropriate transformation (using the Bartlett technique), assessment of trend and seasonal components and choice of model for time series decomposition are discussed in thi...Uses of the Buys-Ballot table for choice of appropriate transformation (using the Bartlett technique), assessment of trend and seasonal components and choice of model for time series decomposition are discussed in this paper. Uses discussed are illustrated with numerical examples when trend curve is linear, quadratic and exponential.展开更多
Exploiting remote sensing data is a promising approach to estimate surface solar irradiance(SSI).In this study,we propose a method to estimate global SSI using a lookup table and Landsat data.Despite the low temporal ...Exploiting remote sensing data is a promising approach to estimate surface solar irradiance(SSI).In this study,we propose a method to estimate global SSI using a lookup table and Landsat data.Despite the low temporal resolution of the data used,the developed method produces SSI maps with adequate spatial resolution.It combines physical parameters extracted from Landsat metadata files with the physical laws governing global solar irradiance,its transmission through the atmosphere,and surface reflectance.The results obtained are compared with those in the literature,particularly one study that uses Meteosat data and two others that use radiometric spectral and temporal models.Additionally,experiments are conducted at three sites in Algeria:Oran,In Amenas,and Tamenghasset.The findings indicate that the proposed approach aligns with the tested literature methods while providing SSI maps with superior spatial resolution.Furthermore,the obtained solar irradiances exhibit a root mean square error of approximately 190 W m^(−2)μm^(−1) compared with those of the Bird and Riordan spectral model,and approximately 50 W m^(−2) compared with the results from the Bird and Hulstrom temporal model,and are also comparable to the results of previous studies.展开更多
In the preparation of firing tables, the determination of projectile drag coefficientsthrough firing test radar data reduction is very important. Many methods have been developed for this work but none of them appear ...In the preparation of firing tables, the determination of projectile drag coefficientsthrough firing test radar data reduction is very important. Many methods have been developed for this work but none of them appear to be satisfactory in one Way or another. Inthis paper a multi-spline model of drag coefficient (cd) curve is developed that can guaranteefirst derivative continuity of the cd curve and has good flexibility of fitting accurately to acd curve from subsonic up to supersonic range. Practical firing data reduction tests showboth fast convergence and accurate fitting results. Typical velocity fitting RMS errors are0.05-0.08 m/s.展开更多
The upper air weather forecast data used in current business and research and digital data of the recently finished upper air meteorological monthly report were comparatively analyzed in complete data and quality cond...The upper air weather forecast data used in current business and research and digital data of the recently finished upper air meteorological monthly report were comparatively analyzed in complete data and quality condition of data, and sounding curve change caused by the difference of complete data was also compared, which evaluated advantages and disadvantages of two types of data.展开更多
The objective of this research is to analyze the deformation characteristics in space and the dynamic reaction of tunnel underpass hauling sliding surfaces when subjected to potential seismic activities.The response c...The objective of this research is to analyze the deformation characteristics in space and the dynamic reaction of tunnel underpass hauling sliding surfaces when subjected to potential seismic activities.The response characteristics and failure mode of tunnel linings are uncovered through an analysis of their time-frequency dynamic behavior.It is thoroughly discussed that there are correlation characteristics of plectrum amplitude in multivariate data under different excitation intensities and the spectrum difference characteristics during different shaking stages.The findings indicate that the slope's structural characteristics and failure modes correspond to the shallow slip type and the deformation trend of the deep weak basement slip type.The influence of topographic bias can be disregarded in tunnel underpass hauling sliding surfaces.The axial force(f_(a))in the tunnel lining section primarily exhibits pressure,while the bending moment(M_(b))is symmetrically distributed along the lining section.Tunnels are susceptible to collapse and invert uplift damage.The dominant frequency bands of dynamic strain,dynamic soil pressure,and acceleration are mainly concentrated within the 1–15 Hz range.Dynamic soil pressure and acceleration have a significant correlation,whereas the dynamic strain exhibits a weak correlation with both.The dynamic strain and acceleration exhibit sensitivity in their spectrum response before and during the main shock,whereas the dynamic soil pressure shows sensitivity in its spectrum response after the main shock.Based on the spectral response differences of multi-attribute data during various shaking stages,which can present a novel approach for dynamic monitoring and early warning of seismic actions.展开更多
To check the remote data integrity in cloud computing,we have proposed an efficient and full data dynamic provable data possession（PDP） scheme that uses a SN（serial number）-BN（block number） table to support data...To check the remote data integrity in cloud computing,we have proposed an efficient and full data dynamic provable data possession（PDP） scheme that uses a SN（serial number）-BN（block number） table to support data block update.In this article,we first analyze and test its performance in detail.The result shows that our scheme is efficient with low computation,storage,and communication costs.Then,we discuss how to extend the dynamic scheme to support other features,including public auditability,privacy preservation,fairness,and multiple-replica checking.After being extended,a comprehensive PDP scheme that has high efficiency and satisfies all main requirements is provided.展开更多
Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an omnipresent term. The IoT expands the existing common concepts, anytime and anyplace to the connectivity for anything. The proliferation in IoT offer...Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an omnipresent term. The IoT expands the existing common concepts, anytime and anyplace to the connectivity for anything. The proliferation in IoT offers opportunities but may also bear risks. A hitherto neglected aspect is the possible increase in power consumption as smart devices in IoT applications are expected to be reachable by other devices at all times. This implies that the device is consuming electrical energy even when it is not in use for its primary function. Many researchers’ communities have started addressing storage ability like cache memory of smart devices using the concept called—Named Data Networking (NDN) to achieve better energy efficient communication model. In NDN, memory or buffer overflow is the common challenge especially when internal memory of node exceeds its limit and data with highest degree of freshness may not be accommodated and entire scenarios behaves like a traditional network. In such case, Data Caching is not performed by intermediate nodes to guarantee highest degree of freshness. On the periodical updates sent from data producers, it is exceedingly demanded that data consumers must get up to date information at cost of lease energy. Consequently, there is challenge in maintaining tradeoff between freshness energy consumption during Publisher-Subscriber interaction. In our work, we proposed the architecture to overcome cache strategy issue by Smart Caching Algorithm for improvement in memory management and data freshness. The smart caching strategy updates the data at precise interval by keeping garbage data into consideration. It is also observed from experiment that data redundancy can be easily obtained by ignoring/dropping data packets for the information which is not of interest by other participating nodes in network, ultimately leading to optimizing tradeoff between freshness and energy required.展开更多
Lossless data hiding can restore the original status of cover media after embedded secret data are extracted. In 2010, Wang et al. proposed a lossless data hiding scheme which hides secret data in vector quantization ...Lossless data hiding can restore the original status of cover media after embedded secret data are extracted. In 2010, Wang et al. proposed a lossless data hiding scheme which hides secret data in vector quantization （VQ） indices, but the encoding strategies adopted by their scheme expand the final codestream. This paper designs four embedding and encoding strategies to improve Wang et aL＇s scheme. The experiment result of the proposed scheme compared with that of the Wang et aL＇s scheme reduces the bit rates of the final codestream by 4.6% and raises the payload by 1.09% on average.展开更多
A novel video data authentication model based on digital video watermarking and MAC （message authentication code） in multicast protocol is proposed in this paper, The digital watermarking which composes of the MAC o...A novel video data authentication model based on digital video watermarking and MAC （message authentication code） in multicast protocol is proposed in this paper, The digital watermarking which composes of the MAC of the significant vid eo content, the key and instant authentication data is embedded into the insignificant video component by the MLUT （modified look-up table） video watermarking technology. We explain a method that does not require storage of each data packet for a time, thus making receiver not vulnerable to DOS （denial of service） attack. So the video packets can be authenticated instantly without large volume buffer in the receivers. TESLA （timed efficient stream loss tolerant authentication） does not explain how to select the suitable value for d, which is an important parameter in multicast source authentication. So we give a method to calculate the key disclosure delay （number of intervals）. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms improve the performance of data source authentication in multicast.展开更多
The study investigated user experience, display complexity, display type (tables versus graphs), and task difficulty as variables affecting the user’s ability to navigate through complex visual data. A total of 64 pa...The study investigated user experience, display complexity, display type (tables versus graphs), and task difficulty as variables affecting the user’s ability to navigate through complex visual data. A total of 64 participants, 39 undergraduate students (novice users) and 25 graduate students (intermediate-level users) participated in the study. The experimental design was 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 mixed design using two between-subject variables (display complexity, user experience) and two within-subject variables (display format, question difficulty). The results indicated that response time was superior for graphs (relative to tables), especially when the questions were difficult. The intermediate users seemed to adopt more extensive search strategies than novices, as revealed by an analysis of the number of changes they made to the display prior to answering questions. It was concluded that designers of data displays should consider the (a) type of display, (b) difficulty of the task, and (c) expertise level of the user to obtain optimal levels of performance.展开更多
The massive web-based information resources have led to an increasing demand for effective automatic retrieval of target information for web applications. This paper introduces a web-based data extraction tool that de...The massive web-based information resources have led to an increasing demand for effective automatic retrieval of target information for web applications. This paper introduces a web-based data extraction tool that deploys various algorithms to locate, extract and filter tabular data from HTML pages and to transform them into new web-based representations. The tool has been applied in an aquaculture web application platform for extracting and generating aquatic product market information. Results prove that this tool is very effective in extracting the required data from web pages.展开更多
A question about the analytical capability of Google maps is answered for three examples of pin maps, and polyline and polygon maps that are computer-programmed with the third version of the Google maps application. O...A question about the analytical capability of Google maps is answered for three examples of pin maps, and polyline and polygon maps that are computer-programmed with the third version of the Google maps application. One map reads XML data stored on the home server, whereas another downloads its data from an online fusion table, and the third includes pre-programmed data. Each map permits users to query mashup layers after the map has loaded. However, an analytical capability comparable to GIS should require users to have access to their data for analysis with their own functions while the map is loading. The technical constraint of asynchronous loading of data for Google maps is illustrated for each map. In conclusion, only one map has an analytical capability that is achieved by means of deprecated synchronous loading of data.展开更多
For the analysis of square contingency tables with the same row and column ordinal classifications, this article proposes new models which indicate the structures of symmetry with respect to the anti-diagonal of the t...For the analysis of square contingency tables with the same row and column ordinal classifications, this article proposes new models which indicate the structures of symmetry with respect to the anti-diagonal of the table. Also, this article gives a simple decomposition in 3 ′ 3 contingency table using the proposed models. The proposed models are applied to grip strength data.展开更多
基金Project supported partly by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2002B312103)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3027466)the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 teachers and undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The results showed people's different attitudes towards the two forms of display.
文摘A distributed processing system (DPS) contains many autonomous nodes, which contribute their own computing power. DPS is considered a unified logical structure, operating in a distributed manner;the processing tasks are divided into fragments and assigned to various nodes for processing. That type of operation requires and involves a great deal of communication. We propose to use the decentralized approach, based on a distributed hash table, to reduce the communication overhead and remove the server unit, thus avoiding having a single point of failure in the system. This paper proposes a mathematical model and algorithms that are implemented in a dedicated experimental system. Using the decentralized approach, this study demonstrates the efficient operation of a decentralized system which results in a reduced energy emission.
文摘The data tree table is a type of data structure consisting of data tree and table, which has a wide field of applications. The visual and dynamic growing algorithm of data tree table and its software method are presented based on the theory of the data structure and visual technology of software. The method of the expression and management of data tree table with relational mode are explored.
文摘Knowledge discovery, as an increasingly adopted information technology in biomedical science, has shown great promise in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In this paper, we provided a kind of multidimensional table which was well suited for organizing and analyzing the data in ancient Chinese books on Materia Medica. Moreover, we demonstrated its capability of facilitating further mining works in TCM through two illustrative studies of discovering meaningful patterns in the three-dimensional table of Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica. This work might provide an appropriate data model for the development of knowledge discovery in TCM.
文摘Uses of the Buys-Ballot table for choice of appropriate transformation (using the Bartlett technique), assessment of trend and seasonal components and choice of model for time series decomposition are discussed in this paper. Uses discussed are illustrated with numerical examples when trend curve is linear, quadratic and exponential.
基金supported by the Earth Observation Research Department,Centre des Techniques Spatiales(CTS),Algerian Space Agency(ASAL)。
文摘Exploiting remote sensing data is a promising approach to estimate surface solar irradiance(SSI).In this study,we propose a method to estimate global SSI using a lookup table and Landsat data.Despite the low temporal resolution of the data used,the developed method produces SSI maps with adequate spatial resolution.It combines physical parameters extracted from Landsat metadata files with the physical laws governing global solar irradiance,its transmission through the atmosphere,and surface reflectance.The results obtained are compared with those in the literature,particularly one study that uses Meteosat data and two others that use radiometric spectral and temporal models.Additionally,experiments are conducted at three sites in Algeria:Oran,In Amenas,and Tamenghasset.The findings indicate that the proposed approach aligns with the tested literature methods while providing SSI maps with superior spatial resolution.Furthermore,the obtained solar irradiances exhibit a root mean square error of approximately 190 W m^(−2)μm^(−1) compared with those of the Bird and Riordan spectral model,and approximately 50 W m^(−2) compared with the results from the Bird and Hulstrom temporal model,and are also comparable to the results of previous studies.
文摘In the preparation of firing tables, the determination of projectile drag coefficientsthrough firing test radar data reduction is very important. Many methods have been developed for this work but none of them appear to be satisfactory in one Way or another. Inthis paper a multi-spline model of drag coefficient (cd) curve is developed that can guaranteefirst derivative continuity of the cd curve and has good flexibility of fitting accurately to acd curve from subsonic up to supersonic range. Practical firing data reduction tests showboth fast convergence and accurate fitting results. Typical velocity fitting RMS errors are0.05-0.08 m/s.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(40705025)~~
文摘The upper air weather forecast data used in current business and research and digital data of the recently finished upper air meteorological monthly report were comparatively analyzed in complete data and quality condition of data, and sounding curve change caused by the difference of complete data was also compared, which evaluated advantages and disadvantages of two types of data.
基金financial support received from the key R&D program of Gansu Province(No.23YFGA0028)The Key Research and Development Project of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(LZJTU-ZDYF2305)+4 种基金the Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of China Railway Co.,Ltd.(2022-Major Project-07)Tianyou Postdoctoral Science Foundation Project(TYBSH_KJ_202307)Lanzhou Jiaotong University-Southwest Jiaotong University Joint Innovation Fund project(LH2023012)Gansu Provincial Department of Education university teachers innovation fund project(2024A-044)Scientific Research Project of China Railway 21 First Group Co.,Ltd.(24A-2,23C-10).
文摘The objective of this research is to analyze the deformation characteristics in space and the dynamic reaction of tunnel underpass hauling sliding surfaces when subjected to potential seismic activities.The response characteristics and failure mode of tunnel linings are uncovered through an analysis of their time-frequency dynamic behavior.It is thoroughly discussed that there are correlation characteristics of plectrum amplitude in multivariate data under different excitation intensities and the spectrum difference characteristics during different shaking stages.The findings indicate that the slope's structural characteristics and failure modes correspond to the shallow slip type and the deformation trend of the deep weak basement slip type.The influence of topographic bias can be disregarded in tunnel underpass hauling sliding surfaces.The axial force(f_(a))in the tunnel lining section primarily exhibits pressure,while the bending moment(M_(b))is symmetrically distributed along the lining section.Tunnels are susceptible to collapse and invert uplift damage.The dominant frequency bands of dynamic strain,dynamic soil pressure,and acceleration are mainly concentrated within the 1–15 Hz range.Dynamic soil pressure and acceleration have a significant correlation,whereas the dynamic strain exhibits a weak correlation with both.The dynamic strain and acceleration exhibit sensitivity in their spectrum response before and during the main shock,whereas the dynamic soil pressure shows sensitivity in its spectrum response after the main shock.Based on the spectral response differences of multi-attribute data during various shaking stages,which can present a novel approach for dynamic monitoring and early warning of seismic actions.
基金Supported by the National Basic"863"Research Program of China(2012CB315901)
文摘To check the remote data integrity in cloud computing,we have proposed an efficient and full data dynamic provable data possession（PDP） scheme that uses a SN（serial number）-BN（block number） table to support data block update.In this article,we first analyze and test its performance in detail.The result shows that our scheme is efficient with low computation,storage,and communication costs.Then,we discuss how to extend the dynamic scheme to support other features,including public auditability,privacy preservation,fairness,and multiple-replica checking.After being extended,a comprehensive PDP scheme that has high efficiency and satisfies all main requirements is provided.
文摘Over the last few years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an omnipresent term. The IoT expands the existing common concepts, anytime and anyplace to the connectivity for anything. The proliferation in IoT offers opportunities but may also bear risks. A hitherto neglected aspect is the possible increase in power consumption as smart devices in IoT applications are expected to be reachable by other devices at all times. This implies that the device is consuming electrical energy even when it is not in use for its primary function. Many researchers’ communities have started addressing storage ability like cache memory of smart devices using the concept called—Named Data Networking (NDN) to achieve better energy efficient communication model. In NDN, memory or buffer overflow is the common challenge especially when internal memory of node exceeds its limit and data with highest degree of freshness may not be accommodated and entire scenarios behaves like a traditional network. In such case, Data Caching is not performed by intermediate nodes to guarantee highest degree of freshness. On the periodical updates sent from data producers, it is exceedingly demanded that data consumers must get up to date information at cost of lease energy. Consequently, there is challenge in maintaining tradeoff between freshness energy consumption during Publisher-Subscriber interaction. In our work, we proposed the architecture to overcome cache strategy issue by Smart Caching Algorithm for improvement in memory management and data freshness. The smart caching strategy updates the data at precise interval by keeping garbage data into consideration. It is also observed from experiment that data redundancy can be easily obtained by ignoring/dropping data packets for the information which is not of interest by other participating nodes in network, ultimately leading to optimizing tradeoff between freshness and energy required.
基金supported by the National Science Council,Taiwan under Grant No.NSC 99-2221-E-324-040-MY2
文摘Lossless data hiding can restore the original status of cover media after embedded secret data are extracted. In 2010, Wang et al. proposed a lossless data hiding scheme which hides secret data in vector quantization （VQ） indices, but the encoding strategies adopted by their scheme expand the final codestream. This paper designs four embedding and encoding strategies to improve Wang et aL＇s scheme. The experiment result of the proposed scheme compared with that of the Wang et aL＇s scheme reduces the bit rates of the final codestream by 4.6% and raises the payload by 1.09% on average.
基金Supported bythe National Natural Science Foundationof China (60175001)
文摘A novel video data authentication model based on digital video watermarking and MAC （message authentication code） in multicast protocol is proposed in this paper, The digital watermarking which composes of the MAC of the significant vid eo content, the key and instant authentication data is embedded into the insignificant video component by the MLUT （modified look-up table） video watermarking technology. We explain a method that does not require storage of each data packet for a time, thus making receiver not vulnerable to DOS （denial of service） attack. So the video packets can be authenticated instantly without large volume buffer in the receivers. TESLA （timed efficient stream loss tolerant authentication） does not explain how to select the suitable value for d, which is an important parameter in multicast source authentication. So we give a method to calculate the key disclosure delay （number of intervals）. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms improve the performance of data source authentication in multicast.
文摘The study investigated user experience, display complexity, display type (tables versus graphs), and task difficulty as variables affecting the user’s ability to navigate through complex visual data. A total of 64 participants, 39 undergraduate students (novice users) and 25 graduate students (intermediate-level users) participated in the study. The experimental design was 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 mixed design using two between-subject variables (display complexity, user experience) and two within-subject variables (display format, question difficulty). The results indicated that response time was superior for graphs (relative to tables), especially when the questions were difficult. The intermediate users seemed to adopt more extensive search strategies than novices, as revealed by an analysis of the number of changes they made to the display prior to answering questions. It was concluded that designers of data displays should consider the (a) type of display, (b) difficulty of the task, and (c) expertise level of the user to obtain optimal levels of performance.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Education Committee (No.06KZ016)
文摘The massive web-based information resources have led to an increasing demand for effective automatic retrieval of target information for web applications. This paper introduces a web-based data extraction tool that deploys various algorithms to locate, extract and filter tabular data from HTML pages and to transform them into new web-based representations. The tool has been applied in an aquaculture web application platform for extracting and generating aquatic product market information. Results prove that this tool is very effective in extracting the required data from web pages.
文摘A question about the analytical capability of Google maps is answered for three examples of pin maps, and polyline and polygon maps that are computer-programmed with the third version of the Google maps application. One map reads XML data stored on the home server, whereas another downloads its data from an online fusion table, and the third includes pre-programmed data. Each map permits users to query mashup layers after the map has loaded. However, an analytical capability comparable to GIS should require users to have access to their data for analysis with their own functions while the map is loading. The technical constraint of asynchronous loading of data for Google maps is illustrated for each map. In conclusion, only one map has an analytical capability that is achieved by means of deprecated synchronous loading of data.
文摘For the analysis of square contingency tables with the same row and column ordinal classifications, this article proposes new models which indicate the structures of symmetry with respect to the anti-diagonal of the table. Also, this article gives a simple decomposition in 3 ′ 3 contingency table using the proposed models. The proposed models are applied to grip strength data.
