In this paper, The integral characterizations of alpha-Bloch (little alpha-Bloch) axe given in terms of higher radial derivative, and their characterizations of Caxleson type measure are obtained.
The main purpose of this paper is to study the persistence of the general multispecies competition predator-pray system with Holling Ⅲ type functional response. In this system, the competition among predator species ...The main purpose of this paper is to study the persistence of the general multispecies competition predator-pray system with Holling Ⅲ type functional response. In this system, the competition among predator species and among prey species are simultaneously considered. By using the comparison theory and qualitative analysis, the sufficient conditions for uniform strong persistence are obtained.展开更多
The concept of convex type function is introduced in this paper,from which a kin d of convex decomposition approach is proposed.As one of applications of this a pproach,the approximation of the convex type function b...The concept of convex type function is introduced in this paper,from which a kin d of convex decomposition approach is proposed.As one of applications of this a pproach,the approximation of the convex type function by the partial sum of its Fourier series is inves tigated.Moreover,the order of approximation is describe d with the 2th continuous modulus.展开更多
In this study, the impulsive predator-prey dynamic systems on time scales calculus are studied. When the system has periodic solution is investigated, and three different conditions have been found, which are necessar...In this study, the impulsive predator-prey dynamic systems on time scales calculus are studied. When the system has periodic solution is investigated, and three different conditions have been found, which are necessary for the periodic solution of the predator-prey dynamic systems with Beddington-DeAngelis type functional response. For this study the main tools are time scales calculus and coincidence degree theory. Also the findings are beneficial for continuous case, discrete case and the unification of both these cases. Additionally, unification of continuous and discrete case is a good example for the modeling of the life cycle of insects.展开更多
In this paper, we give the algebraic independence measures for the values ofMahler type functions in complex number field and p-adic number field, respectively.
The behavior of radial minimizers for a Ginzburg-Landau type functional is considered. The weak convergence of minimizers in W1,n is improved to the strong convergence in W1,n. Some estimates of the rate of the conver...The behavior of radial minimizers for a Ginzburg-Landau type functional is considered. The weak convergence of minimizers in W1,n is improved to the strong convergence in W1,n. Some estimates of the rate of the convergence for the module of minimizers are presented.展开更多
In the present paper,the modified Durrmeyer type Jakimovski-Leviatan operators are presented and their approximation properties are examined.It has shown that the new operators are the Gamma transform of the Jakimovsk...In the present paper,the modified Durrmeyer type Jakimovski-Leviatan operators are presented and their approximation properties are examined.It has shown that the new operators are the Gamma transform of the Jakimovski-Leviatan operators.The degree of approximation is given by the modulus of continuity.It has been stressed that,there are other operators having the same error estimation with the operators,arising from the Sz´asz-Durrmeyer operators.Then the degree of global approximation is obtained in a special Lipschitz type function space.Further,a Voronovskaja type asymptotic formula and Gr¨uss-Voronovskaja type theorem are given.The approximation with these operators is visualized with the help of error tables and graphical examples.展开更多
Tree mortality significantly influences forest structure and function,yet our understanding of its dynamic patterns among a range of tree sizes and among different plant functional types(PFTs)remains incomplete.This s...Tree mortality significantly influences forest structure and function,yet our understanding of its dynamic patterns among a range of tree sizes and among different plant functional types(PFTs)remains incomplete.This study analysed size-dependent tree mortality in a temperate forest,encompassing 46 tree species and 32,565 individuals across different PFTs(i.e.,evergreen conifer vs.deciduous broadleaf species,shade-tolerant vs.shade-intolerant species).By employing all-subset regression procedures and logistic generalized linear mixed-effects models,we identified distinct mortality patterns influenced by biotic and abiotic factors.Our results showed a stable mortality patte rn in eve rgreen conifer species,contrasted by a declining pattern in deciduous broadleaf and shadetolerant,as well as shade-intolerant species,across size classes.The contribution to tree mortality of evergreen conifer species shifted from abiotic to biotic factors with increasing size,while the mortality of deciduous broadleaf species was mainly influenced by biotic factors,such as initial diameter at breast height(DBH)and conspecific negative density.For shade-tolerant species,the mortality of small individuals was mainly determined by initial DBH and conspecific negative density dependence,whereas the mortality of large individuals was subjected to the combined effect of biotic(competition from neighbours)and abiotic factors(i.e.,convexity and pH).As for shade-intolerant species,competition from neighbours was found to be the main driver of tree mortality throughout their growth stages.Thus,these insights enhance our understanding of forest dynamics by revealing the size-dependent and PFT-specific tree mortality patterns,which may inform strategies for maintaining forest diversity and resilience in temperate forest ecosystems.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus’ pancreatic β-cell function index and insulin resistance index are affected by tuberculosis infection. Methods: The st...Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus’ pancreatic β-cell function index and insulin resistance index are affected by tuberculosis infection. Methods: The study group consisted of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis infection who were admitted to Jingzhou Chest Hospital between March 2019 and March 2021. Gender and duration of diabetes were matching conditions. The control group was made up of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Jingzhou Central Hospital’s endocrinology department during the same period. The two patient groups provided general information such as gender, age, length of diabetes, and blood biochemical indexes such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FPG), and fasting C-peptide (FC-P). The HOMA calculator was used to calculate the HOMA-β and the HOMA-IR, and intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses were carried out. Results: Regarding gender, age, disease duration, FC-P, and HbA1c, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, BMI, FPG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the study group’s HOMA-β was lower and its HOMA-IR was greater. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, HOMA-β had a negative association (P th FPG, HbA1c, and the length of the disease, and a positive correlation with BMI and FC-P. A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and BMI, FPG, and FC-P (P < 0.01), as well as a correlation with the length of the disease (P > 0.05) and HbA1c. Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with tuberculosis infection, the patients had higher FPG levels and lower FC-P levels, the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells was more severely impaired, and insulin resistance was more obvious.展开更多
In this article, we define a subclass of meromorphic multivalent Sakaguchi type functions and obtain certain sufficient conditions for functions to be in this class. The main result presented here includes a number of...In this article, we define a subclass of meromorphic multivalent Sakaguchi type functions and obtain certain sufficient conditions for functions to be in this class. The main result presented here includes a number of consequences as its special cases.展开更多
We investigate integral-type functionals of the first hitting times for continuous-time Markov chains. Recursive formulas and drift conditions for calculating or bounding integral-type functionals are obtained. The co...We investigate integral-type functionals of the first hitting times for continuous-time Markov chains. Recursive formulas and drift conditions for calculating or bounding integral-type functionals are obtained. The connection between the subexponential integral-type functionals and the subexponential ergodicity is established. Moreover, these results are applied to the birth-death processes. Polynomial integral-type functionals and polynomial ergodicity are studied, and a sufficient criterion for a central limit theorem is also presented.展开更多
Bush type fractal functions were defined by means of the expression of Cantor series of real numbers. The upper and lower bound estimates for the K-dimension of such functions were given. In a typical case, the fracta...Bush type fractal functions were defined by means of the expression of Cantor series of real numbers. The upper and lower bound estimates for the K-dimension of such functions were given. In a typical case, the fractal dimensional relations in which the K-dimension equals the box dimension and packing dimension were presented; moreover, the exact Holder exponent were obtained for such Bush type functions.展开更多
In this paper, a nonautonomous ratio-dependent multispecies competitionpredator system with Holling＇s Ⅲ type functional response is studied, where all parameters are time dependent. It is proved that the system is u...In this paper, a nonautonomous ratio-dependent multispecies competitionpredator system with Holling＇s Ⅲ type functional response is studied, where all parameters are time dependent. It is proved that the system is uniformly persistent under suitable condition. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions are established for global attractivity of a periodicsolution of the system. response展开更多
In this paper, we study the directional derivative, subderivative, and subdifferential of sup-type functions without any compactness assumption on the index set. As applications, we provide an estimate of the Lipschit...In this paper, we study the directional derivative, subderivative, and subdifferential of sup-type functions without any compactness assumption on the index set. As applications, we provide an estimate of the Lipschitz modulus for sup-type functions.展开更多
Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent deca...Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 （ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor）, activin- llke kinase 3 （ALK3, also called BMPRIA）, and activin-like kinase 6 （ALK6, also called BMPRIB）. The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.展开更多
The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and hum...The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and human disturbance. Taking the alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau as a study case, this paper classified PFTs in terms of plant nutrition traits. The sequential results are as follows.（1） The main herbages in the Zoigê Plateau included 16 species in 5 families. Among the five families, Cyperaceae vegetation accounted for 81.37%of herbage area in total, while the remaining 4families occupied less than 20%. As for the species,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Maizz. was dominant,accounting for 48.74% of the total area; while the remaining 51.26% was comprised of Polygonum viviparum L., Anaphalis fiavescens Hand.-Mazz.,Stipa aliena Keng and other species.（2） By using the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）, the assessment of herbages nutrition was carried out based on the comprehensive multi-index evaluation model.Polygonum viviparum L. had the highest nutritional value score（1.43）, and Stipa aliena Keng had the lowest（-1.40）. Nutritional value of herbage species had a significantly positive correlation with altitude（P＆lt;0.01） in the Zoigê Plateau.（3） Based on the nutritional values, herbages in the Zoigê Plateau could be grouped into 3 nutrition PFTs（high, medium and low） by using the Natural Breaks（Jenks） method.展开更多
The influence of b-cell function on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(CAN), an important diabetesrelated complication, is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between residual b-cell...The influence of b-cell function on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(CAN), an important diabetesrelated complication, is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between residual b-cell function and CAN in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 37 participants with normal glucose tolerance as controls. The patients were divided into a CAN? group(diabetic patients with CAN, n = 20) and a CAN-group(diabetic patients without CAN, n = 70) according to the standard Ewing battery of tests. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured.Homeostasis model assessment-beta cells(HOMA-B) and HOMA-insulin resistance(IR) were calculated. The prevalence of CAN in this population was 22.2%. Compared with the CAN-group, the CAN? group had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin(6.60 ± 4.39 vs 10.45 ± 7.82 l/L, P = 0.029), fasting C-peptide(0.51 ± 0.20 vs0.82 ± 0.51 nmol/L, P = 0.004), and HOMA-B(21.44 ± 17.06 vs 44.17 ± 38.49, P = 0.002). Fasting C-peptide was correlated with the Valsalva ratio(r = 0.24, P = 0.043) and the 30:15 test(r = 0.26,P = 0.023). Further analysis showed that fasting C-peptide(OR: 0.041, 95% CI 0.003–0.501, P = 0.012) and HOMAB(OR: 0.965, 95% CI 0.934–0.996, P = 0.028) were independently associated with cardiovascular autonomic nerve function in this population. The patients with fasting C-peptide values \ 0.67 nmol/L were more likely to have CAN than those with C-peptide levels C0.67 nmol/L(OR:6.00, 95% CI 1.815–19.830, P = 0.003). A high prevalence of CAN was found in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Decreased b-cell function was closely associated with CAN in this population.展开更多
基金The research is supported by NNSF of China(19771082)
文摘In this paper, The integral characterizations of alpha-Bloch (little alpha-Bloch) axe given in terms of higher radial derivative, and their characterizations of Caxleson type measure are obtained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10701020)
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to study the persistence of the general multispecies competition predator-pray system with Holling Ⅲ type functional response. In this system, the competition among predator species and among prey species are simultaneously considered. By using the comparison theory and qualitative analysis, the sufficient conditions for uniform strong persistence are obtained.
基金supported by the Ningbo Youth Foundation(0 2 J0 1 0 2 - 2 1 )
文摘The concept of convex type function is introduced in this paper,from which a kin d of convex decomposition approach is proposed.As one of applications of this a pproach,the approximation of the convex type function by the partial sum of its Fourier series is inves tigated.Moreover,the order of approximation is describe d with the 2th continuous modulus.
文摘In this study, the impulsive predator-prey dynamic systems on time scales calculus are studied. When the system has periodic solution is investigated, and three different conditions have been found, which are necessary for the periodic solution of the predator-prey dynamic systems with Beddington-DeAngelis type functional response. For this study the main tools are time scales calculus and coincidence degree theory. Also the findings are beneficial for continuous case, discrete case and the unification of both these cases. Additionally, unification of continuous and discrete case is a good example for the modeling of the life cycle of insects.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan University（05ZDZR001）
文摘In this paper, we give the algebraic independence measures for the values ofMahler type functions in complex number field and p-adic number field, respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Science Foundation of China（10671056） Acknowledgements couragement and numerous this paper. The authors are grateful to Professor Xu Guang-shan for his envaluable suggestions on the improvement of the original draft of
文摘We prove the transcendence for the values of Mahler type function with several variables, which satisfies some non-linear functional equation.
文摘The behavior of radial minimizers for a Ginzburg-Landau type functional is considered. The weak convergence of minimizers in W1,n is improved to the strong convergence in W1,n. Some estimates of the rate of the convergence for the module of minimizers are presented.
基金Supported by Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024J01792)。
文摘In the present paper,the modified Durrmeyer type Jakimovski-Leviatan operators are presented and their approximation properties are examined.It has shown that the new operators are the Gamma transform of the Jakimovski-Leviatan operators.The degree of approximation is given by the modulus of continuity.It has been stressed that,there are other operators having the same error estimation with the operators,arising from the Sz´asz-Durrmeyer operators.Then the degree of global approximation is obtained in a special Lipschitz type function space.Further,a Voronovskaja type asymptotic formula and Gr¨uss-Voronovskaja type theorem are given.The approximation with these operators is visualized with the help of error tables and graphical examples.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023M733712)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31971491)。
文摘Tree mortality significantly influences forest structure and function,yet our understanding of its dynamic patterns among a range of tree sizes and among different plant functional types(PFTs)remains incomplete.This study analysed size-dependent tree mortality in a temperate forest,encompassing 46 tree species and 32,565 individuals across different PFTs(i.e.,evergreen conifer vs.deciduous broadleaf species,shade-tolerant vs.shade-intolerant species).By employing all-subset regression procedures and logistic generalized linear mixed-effects models,we identified distinct mortality patterns influenced by biotic and abiotic factors.Our results showed a stable mortality patte rn in eve rgreen conifer species,contrasted by a declining pattern in deciduous broadleaf and shadetolerant,as well as shade-intolerant species,across size classes.The contribution to tree mortality of evergreen conifer species shifted from abiotic to biotic factors with increasing size,while the mortality of deciduous broadleaf species was mainly influenced by biotic factors,such as initial diameter at breast height(DBH)and conspecific negative density.For shade-tolerant species,the mortality of small individuals was mainly determined by initial DBH and conspecific negative density dependence,whereas the mortality of large individuals was subjected to the combined effect of biotic(competition from neighbours)and abiotic factors(i.e.,convexity and pH).As for shade-intolerant species,competition from neighbours was found to be the main driver of tree mortality throughout their growth stages.Thus,these insights enhance our understanding of forest dynamics by revealing the size-dependent and PFT-specific tree mortality patterns,which may inform strategies for maintaining forest diversity and resilience in temperate forest ecosystems.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus’ pancreatic β-cell function index and insulin resistance index are affected by tuberculosis infection. Methods: The study group consisted of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis infection who were admitted to Jingzhou Chest Hospital between March 2019 and March 2021. Gender and duration of diabetes were matching conditions. The control group was made up of 89 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted to Jingzhou Central Hospital’s endocrinology department during the same period. The two patient groups provided general information such as gender, age, length of diabetes, and blood biochemical indexes such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FPG), and fasting C-peptide (FC-P). The HOMA calculator was used to calculate the HOMA-β and the HOMA-IR, and intergroup comparisons and correlation analyses were carried out. Results: Regarding gender, age, disease duration, FC-P, and HbA1c, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, BMI, FPG, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the study group’s HOMA-β was lower and its HOMA-IR was greater. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, HOMA-β had a negative association (P th FPG, HbA1c, and the length of the disease, and a positive correlation with BMI and FC-P. A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and BMI, FPG, and FC-P (P < 0.01), as well as a correlation with the length of the disease (P > 0.05) and HbA1c. Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with tuberculosis infection, the patients had higher FPG levels and lower FC-P levels, the secretory function of pancreatic β-cells was more severely impaired, and insulin resistance was more obvious.
文摘In this article, we define a subclass of meromorphic multivalent Sakaguchi type functions and obtain certain sufficient conditions for functions to be in this class. The main result presented here includes a number of consequences as its special cases.
基金Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Professor Yong-Hua Mao for useful discussion. This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11571372, 11501576, 11771452） and the Excellent Young Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department （Grant No. 15B252）.
文摘We investigate integral-type functionals of the first hitting times for continuous-time Markov chains. Recursive formulas and drift conditions for calculating or bounding integral-type functionals are obtained. The connection between the subexponential integral-type functionals and the subexponential ergodicity is established. Moreover, these results are applied to the birth-death processes. Polynomial integral-type functionals and polynomial ergodicity are studied, and a sufficient criterion for a central limit theorem is also presented.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10171080)
文摘Bush type fractal functions were defined by means of the expression of Cantor series of real numbers. The upper and lower bound estimates for the K-dimension of such functions were given. In a typical case, the fractal dimensional relations in which the K-dimension equals the box dimension and packing dimension were presented; moreover, the exact Holder exponent were obtained for such Bush type functions.
基金This work is supported by the Foundation of Science and Technology of Fujian Province for Young Scholars (2004J0002) the Foundation of Fujian Education Bureau (JA04156).
文摘In this paper, a nonautonomous ratio-dependent multispecies competitionpredator system with Holling＇s Ⅲ type functional response is studied, where all parameters are time dependent. It is proved that the system is uniformly persistent under suitable condition. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions are established for global attractivity of a periodicsolution of the system. response
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10571106,10671010)
文摘In this paper, we study the directional derivative, subderivative, and subdifferential of sup-type functions without any compactness assumption on the index set. As applications, we provide an estimate of the Lipschitz modulus for sup-type functions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500814) (SXL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81430012 and No. 81170939) (XJ)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB933604)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81225006)the National Institutes of Health Grants DE025014 and R56DE022789 (JQF)
文摘Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 （ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor）, activin- llke kinase 3 （ALK3, also called BMPRIA）, and activin-like kinase 6 （ALK6, also called BMPRIB）. The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.
基金supported by the sub topics of National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant No. 2015BAC05B05-01)
文摘The ecological concept of Plant Functional Types（PFTs）, which refers to the assemblage of plants with certain functional traits, has been introduced for the study of plant responses to the environment change and human disturbance. Taking the alpine meadow community in the Zoigê Plateau as a study case, this paper classified PFTs in terms of plant nutrition traits. The sequential results are as follows.（1） The main herbages in the Zoigê Plateau included 16 species in 5 families. Among the five families, Cyperaceae vegetation accounted for 81.37%of herbage area in total, while the remaining 4families occupied less than 20%. As for the species,Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Maizz. was dominant,accounting for 48.74% of the total area; while the remaining 51.26% was comprised of Polygonum viviparum L., Anaphalis fiavescens Hand.-Mazz.,Stipa aliena Keng and other species.（2） By using the Principal Component Analysis（PCA）, the assessment of herbages nutrition was carried out based on the comprehensive multi-index evaluation model.Polygonum viviparum L. had the highest nutritional value score（1.43）, and Stipa aliena Keng had the lowest（-1.40）. Nutritional value of herbage species had a significantly positive correlation with altitude（P＆lt;0.01） in the Zoigê Plateau.（3） Based on the nutritional values, herbages in the Zoigê Plateau could be grouped into 3 nutrition PFTs（high, medium and low） by using the Natural Breaks（Jenks） method.
基金supported by the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(A2018286)the Key Projects of Clinical Disciplines of Hospitals Affiliated to Ministry of Health from Ministry of Health of China(A1781)
文摘The influence of b-cell function on cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(CAN), an important diabetesrelated complication, is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between residual b-cell function and CAN in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. We enrolled 90 newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and 37 participants with normal glucose tolerance as controls. The patients were divided into a CAN? group(diabetic patients with CAN, n = 20) and a CAN-group(diabetic patients without CAN, n = 70) according to the standard Ewing battery of tests. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured.Homeostasis model assessment-beta cells(HOMA-B) and HOMA-insulin resistance(IR) were calculated. The prevalence of CAN in this population was 22.2%. Compared with the CAN-group, the CAN? group had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin(6.60 ± 4.39 vs 10.45 ± 7.82 l/L, P = 0.029), fasting C-peptide(0.51 ± 0.20 vs0.82 ± 0.51 nmol/L, P = 0.004), and HOMA-B(21.44 ± 17.06 vs 44.17 ± 38.49, P = 0.002). Fasting C-peptide was correlated with the Valsalva ratio(r = 0.24, P = 0.043) and the 30:15 test(r = 0.26,P = 0.023). Further analysis showed that fasting C-peptide(OR: 0.041, 95% CI 0.003–0.501, P = 0.012) and HOMAB(OR: 0.965, 95% CI 0.934–0.996, P = 0.028) were independently associated with cardiovascular autonomic nerve function in this population. The patients with fasting C-peptide values \ 0.67 nmol/L were more likely to have CAN than those with C-peptide levels C0.67 nmol/L(OR:6.00, 95% CI 1.815–19.830, P = 0.003). A high prevalence of CAN was found in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Decreased b-cell function was closely associated with CAN in this population.
