Objective：To investigate the reliability for kinetic assay of substance with background predicted by the integrated method using uricase reaction as model. Methods： Absorbance before uricase action （Δ0） was estim...Objective：To investigate the reliability for kinetic assay of substance with background predicted by the integrated method using uricase reaction as model. Methods： Absorbance before uricase action （Δ0） was estimated by extrapolation with given lag time of steady-state reaction. With Km fixed at 12.5μmol/L, background absorbance （Δb） was predicted by nonlinearly fitting integrated Michaelis-Menten equation to Candida utilis uricase reaction curve. Uric acid in reaction solution was determined by the difference （ΔA） between Δ0 and Δb. Results .Ab usually showed deviation 〈3% from direct assay with residual substrate done fifth of initial substrate for analysis. ΔA showed CV 〈5% with resistance to common interferences except xanthine, and it linearly responded to uric acid with slope consistent to the absorptivity of uric acid. The lower limit was 2.0 μmol/L and upper limit reached 30 μmol/L in reaction solution with data monitored within 8 min reaction at 0. 015 U/ml uricase. Preliminary application to serum and urine gave better precision than the direct equilibrium method without the removal of proteins before analysis. Conclusion .This kinetic method with background predicted by the integrated method was reliable for enzymatic analysis, and it showed resistance to common interferences and enhanced efficiency at much lower cost.展开更多
beta-Galactosidase, a kind of endoenzyme in E. coli cells. can be released by the pore-forming action of colicin El. and E. coli can be detected rapidly by enzymatic method.
This study explored the extraction process of indigo pigment from Baphicacanthus cusia using aqueous enzymatic method for the first time. Through single factor tests and orthogonal tests, this study investigated the e...This study explored the extraction process of indigo pigment from Baphicacanthus cusia using aqueous enzymatic method for the first time. Through single factor tests and orthogonal tests, this study investigated the effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, enzyme concentration, pH value, and solidliquid ratio on the extraction rate of indigo pigment. The results showed that the extraction rate of indigo reached the highest(0.218%) when the solid-liquid ratio was 1:20, enzyme concentration was 6 g/L, pH value was 5, extraction temperature was 50℃, and extraction time was 3 h. The method had greatly shortened the extraction time, simplified the extraction process, and improved the extraction efficiency while producing little pollution and meeting the green environmental protection requirements.展开更多
Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of un...Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of unsteady flows.To enhance computational efficiency,we propose the Implicit-Explicit Two-Step Runge-Kutta(IMEX-TSRK)time-stepping discretization methods for unsteady flows,and develop a novel adaptive algorithm that correctly partitions spatial regions to apply implicit or explicit methods.The novel adaptive IMEX-TSRK schemes effectively handle the numerical stiffness of the small grid size and improve computational efficiency.Compared to implicit and explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)schemes,the IMEX-TSRK methods achieve the same order of accuracy with fewer first derivative calculations.Numerical case tests demonstrate that the IMEX-TSRK methods maintain numerical stability while enhancing computational efficiency.Specifically,in high Reynolds number flows,the computational efficiency of the IMEX-TSRK methods surpasses that of explicit RK schemes by more than one order of magnitude,and that of implicit RK schemes several times over.展开更多
The enzymatic synthesis of a tetrapeptide Phac-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt, a fragment of the cholecystokinin C-terminal octapeptide CCK-8, was reported This fragment was synthesized by coupling Phac-Met-OEt with Gly-OMe, T...The enzymatic synthesis of a tetrapeptide Phac-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt, a fragment of the cholecystokinin C-terminal octapeptide CCK-8, was reported This fragment was synthesized by coupling Phac-Met-OEt with Gly-OMe, Trp-OMe and Met-OEt successively These three steps were catalyzed by α-chymotrpsin, Papain and α-chymotrpsin respectively The results of FAB-MS showed that all the products had the correct molecular mass展开更多
Adulteration may consist in non authorized source of nitrogen addition to increase the protein content of some raw materials. Urea which is authorized for feed is a non nutritional source of nitrogen in food and pet f...Adulteration may consist in non authorized source of nitrogen addition to increase the protein content of some raw materials. Urea which is authorized for feed is a non nutritional source of nitrogen in food and pet food. Adulteration of food or pet food raw material by urea is thus monitored by manufacturer and governmental authorities with official methods which are either enzymatic (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, AOAC) or spectro-colorimetric (European Community, EC). Each method gives results which are not comparable and spectro-colorimetric methods may result in false-positive urea detection. Liquid chromatographic (LC/UV-DAD) analysis of extracts from spectro-colorimetric method indicates that presence of free amino-acid may interfere with colorimetric detection of urea in the EC method with pet food samples. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-HRMS) has allowed to quantify low content (<0.01%) of urea in pet food water extracts for samples which resulted in significant urea detection with colorimetric method and in content below the detection threshold with enzymatic method. This study demonstrates the EC colorimetric method is not applicable to pet food and also food samples which have a complex composition with significant levels of free amino acids. On the other hand we clearly evidenced by means of the LC/ESI-HRMS results that the AOC Enzymatic method is applicable to urea quantification in pet food samples and gives reliable results.展开更多
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and ab...Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.展开更多
The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of re...The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.展开更多
The procedure of enzymatic aqueous extraction of soybean oil was assessed when two-step controlled enzymatic hydrolysis was applied. With aqueous extraction of soybean oil-containing protein, the highest yield of oil ...The procedure of enzymatic aqueous extraction of soybean oil was assessed when two-step controlled enzymatic hydrolysis was applied. With aqueous extraction of soybean oil-containing protein, the highest yield of oil was 96.1% at the optimized conditions studied. Soybean oil-containing protein was hydrolyzed and resulted in releasing part of oil. The separated protein that contained 40% oil was enriched due to its adsorption capacity of released oil, the average oil extraction yeild reached 93.5%. Then the high oil content protein was hydrolyzed again to release oil by enzyme, the oil extraction yeild was 80.4%. As a result, high quality of soybean oil was obtained and the content of total oil yield was 74.4%.展开更多
ZnO/graphene oxide（ZnO/GO） composite material,in which ZnO nanoparticles were densely coated on the GO nanosheets,was successfully prepared by an improved two-step method and characterized by IR, XRD,TEM,and UV-vis ...ZnO/graphene oxide（ZnO/GO） composite material,in which ZnO nanoparticles were densely coated on the GO nanosheets,was successfully prepared by an improved two-step method and characterized by IR, XRD,TEM,and UV-vis techniques.The improved photocatalytic property of the ZnO/GO composite material,evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange（MO） under UV irradiation,is ascribed to the intimate contact between ZnO and GO,the enhanced adsorption of MO,the quick electron transfer from excited ZnO particles to GO sheets and the activation of MO molecules viaπ-πinteraction between MO and GO.展开更多
The enzymatic synthesis of a tetrapeptide Phac-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt is reported. It was synthesized by coupling Phac-Met-OEt with Gly-OMe ·HC1, Trp-OMe and Met-OEt successively, catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin, papai...The enzymatic synthesis of a tetrapeptide Phac-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt is reported. It was synthesized by coupling Phac-Met-OEt with Gly-OMe ·HC1, Trp-OMe and Met-OEt successively, catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin, papain and α-chymotrypsin respectively. The results of FAB-MS showed that the products had the correct molecular mass.展开更多
In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.1...In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.134:108344,2022).The convergence analysis of the proposed method is established,which can improve the existing results.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient with the two-step technique.展开更多
Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we ...Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.展开更多
Tin(Sn)-lead(Pb)mixed halide perovskites have attracted widespread interest due to their wider re-sponse wavelength and lower toxicity than lead halide perovskites,Among the preparation methods,the two-step method mor...Tin(Sn)-lead(Pb)mixed halide perovskites have attracted widespread interest due to their wider re-sponse wavelength and lower toxicity than lead halide perovskites,Among the preparation methods,the two-step method more easily controls the crystallization rate and is suitable for preparing large-area per-ovskite devices.However,the residual low-conductivity iodide layer in the two-step method can affect carrier transport and device stability,and the different crystallization rates of Sn-and Pb-based per-ovskites may result in poor film quality.Therefore,Sn-Pb mixed perovskites are mainly prepared by a one-step method.Herein,a MAPb_(0.5)Sn_(0.5)I_(3)-based self-powered photodetector without a hole transport layer is fabricated by a two-step method.By adjusting the concentration of the ascorbic acid(AA)addi-tive,the final perovskite film exhibited a pure phase without residues,and the optimal device exhibited a high responsivity(0.276 A W^(-1)),large specific detectivity(2.38×10^(12) Jones),and enhanced stability.This enhancement is mainly attributed to the inhibition of Sn2+oxidation,the control of crystal growth,and the sufficient reaction between organic ammonium salts and bottom halides due to the AA-induced pore structure.展开更多
The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear...The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.展开更多
The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationsh...The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation展开更多
近年来,花生过敏问题日益突出,已成为全球关注的公共卫生和食品安全问题之一。旨在为低敏性花生产品的研发提供理论依据,综述了花生致敏机制、主要过敏原及其抗原表位,并全面探讨了生物法降低花生致敏性的机制及研究进展。花生过敏是由...近年来,花生过敏问题日益突出,已成为全球关注的公共卫生和食品安全问题之一。旨在为低敏性花生产品的研发提供理论依据,综述了花生致敏机制、主要过敏原及其抗原表位,并全面探讨了生物法降低花生致敏性的机制及研究进展。花生过敏是由IgE介导的Ⅰ类超敏反应。目前已鉴定出17种花生致敏原蛋白,其中Ara h 1、Ara h 2、Ara h 3和Ara h 6是主要过敏原,它们存在多种抗原表位。生物法脱敏包括酶法和发酵法,其中酶法脱敏包括酶解和酶交联两种方式,通过特异性切断蛋白质氨基酸序列或形成大分子聚合物掩盖过敏原表位来实现脱敏,而发酵法主要利用微生物发酵产生的酶和代谢产物破坏抗原表位或调节人体免疫系统,从而降低对过敏原的敏感性。未来可加强生物酶或发酵产酶特异性靶向酶解抗原表位序列的研究,以降低花生致敏性。展开更多
文摘Objective：To investigate the reliability for kinetic assay of substance with background predicted by the integrated method using uricase reaction as model. Methods： Absorbance before uricase action （Δ0） was estimated by extrapolation with given lag time of steady-state reaction. With Km fixed at 12.5μmol/L, background absorbance （Δb） was predicted by nonlinearly fitting integrated Michaelis-Menten equation to Candida utilis uricase reaction curve. Uric acid in reaction solution was determined by the difference （ΔA） between Δ0 and Δb. Results .Ab usually showed deviation 〈3% from direct assay with residual substrate done fifth of initial substrate for analysis. ΔA showed CV 〈5% with resistance to common interferences except xanthine, and it linearly responded to uric acid with slope consistent to the absorptivity of uric acid. The lower limit was 2.0 μmol/L and upper limit reached 30 μmol/L in reaction solution with data monitored within 8 min reaction at 0. 015 U/ml uricase. Preliminary application to serum and urine gave better precision than the direct equilibrium method without the removal of proteins before analysis. Conclusion .This kinetic method with background predicted by the integrated method was reliable for enzymatic analysis, and it showed resistance to common interferences and enhanced efficiency at much lower cost.
文摘beta-Galactosidase, a kind of endoenzyme in E. coli cells. can be released by the pore-forming action of colicin El. and E. coli can be detected rapidly by enzymatic method.
文摘This study explored the extraction process of indigo pigment from Baphicacanthus cusia using aqueous enzymatic method for the first time. Through single factor tests and orthogonal tests, this study investigated the effects of extraction time, extraction temperature, enzyme concentration, pH value, and solidliquid ratio on the extraction rate of indigo pigment. The results showed that the extraction rate of indigo reached the highest(0.218%) when the solid-liquid ratio was 1:20, enzyme concentration was 6 g/L, pH value was 5, extraction temperature was 50℃, and extraction time was 3 h. The method had greatly shortened the extraction time, simplified the extraction process, and improved the extraction efficiency while producing little pollution and meeting the green environmental protection requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92252201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Academic Excellence Foundation of Beihang University(BUAA)for PhD Students。
文摘Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of unsteady flows.To enhance computational efficiency,we propose the Implicit-Explicit Two-Step Runge-Kutta(IMEX-TSRK)time-stepping discretization methods for unsteady flows,and develop a novel adaptive algorithm that correctly partitions spatial regions to apply implicit or explicit methods.The novel adaptive IMEX-TSRK schemes effectively handle the numerical stiffness of the small grid size and improve computational efficiency.Compared to implicit and explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)schemes,the IMEX-TSRK methods achieve the same order of accuracy with fewer first derivative calculations.Numerical case tests demonstrate that the IMEX-TSRK methods maintain numerical stability while enhancing computational efficiency.Specifically,in high Reynolds number flows,the computational efficiency of the IMEX-TSRK methods surpasses that of explicit RK schemes by more than one order of magnitude,and that of implicit RK schemes several times over.
文摘The enzymatic synthesis of a tetrapeptide Phac-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt, a fragment of the cholecystokinin C-terminal octapeptide CCK-8, was reported This fragment was synthesized by coupling Phac-Met-OEt with Gly-OMe, Trp-OMe and Met-OEt successively These three steps were catalyzed by α-chymotrpsin, Papain and α-chymotrpsin respectively The results of FAB-MS showed that all the products had the correct molecular mass
文摘Adulteration may consist in non authorized source of nitrogen addition to increase the protein content of some raw materials. Urea which is authorized for feed is a non nutritional source of nitrogen in food and pet food. Adulteration of food or pet food raw material by urea is thus monitored by manufacturer and governmental authorities with official methods which are either enzymatic (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, AOAC) or spectro-colorimetric (European Community, EC). Each method gives results which are not comparable and spectro-colorimetric methods may result in false-positive urea detection. Liquid chromatographic (LC/UV-DAD) analysis of extracts from spectro-colorimetric method indicates that presence of free amino-acid may interfere with colorimetric detection of urea in the EC method with pet food samples. Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-HRMS) has allowed to quantify low content (<0.01%) of urea in pet food water extracts for samples which resulted in significant urea detection with colorimetric method and in content below the detection threshold with enzymatic method. This study demonstrates the EC colorimetric method is not applicable to pet food and also food samples which have a complex composition with significant levels of free amino acids. On the other hand we clearly evidenced by means of the LC/ESI-HRMS results that the AOC Enzymatic method is applicable to urea quantification in pet food samples and gives reliable results.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Science and Technology Bureau of Changchun City,China(Grant No.12ZX68)
文摘Temperature-dependent photoluminescence characteristics of organic-inorganic halide perovskite CH3NH3Pb I3-xClx films prepared using a two-step method on ZnO/FTO substrates were investigated. Surface morphology and absorption characteristics of the films were also studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed large crystals and substrate coverage. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature was-140 K. The films＇ exciton binding energy was 77.6 ± 10.9 meV and the energy of optical phonons was 38.8 ± 2.5 meV. These results suggest that perovskite CH3NH3Pb I（3-x）Clx films have excellent optoelectronic characteristics which further suggests their potential usage in perovskitebased optoelectronic devices.
文摘The distribution of remaining oil is often described qualitatively. The remaining oil distributed in the whole reservoir is calculated according to the characteristics of the space distribution of the saturation of remaining oil. Logging data are required to accomplish this. However, many such projects cannot be completed. Since the old study of remaining oil distribution could not be quantified efficiently, the ＂dynamic two-step method＂ is presented. Firstly, the water cut of every flow unit in one well at one time is calculated according to the comprehensive water cut of a single well at one time. Secondly, the remaining oil saturation of the flow unit of the well at one time is calculated based on the water cut of the flow unit at a given time. The results show that ＂dynamic two-step method＂ has characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and is especially suitable for the study of remaining oil distribution at high water-cut stage. The distribution of remaining oil presented banding and potato form, remaining oil was relatively concentrated in faultage neighborhood and imperfect well netting position, and the net thickness of the place was great. This proposal can provide an effective way to forecast remaining oil distribution and enhance oil recovery, especially applied at the high water-cut stage.
文摘The procedure of enzymatic aqueous extraction of soybean oil was assessed when two-step controlled enzymatic hydrolysis was applied. With aqueous extraction of soybean oil-containing protein, the highest yield of oil was 96.1% at the optimized conditions studied. Soybean oil-containing protein was hydrolyzed and resulted in releasing part of oil. The separated protein that contained 40% oil was enriched due to its adsorption capacity of released oil, the average oil extraction yeild reached 93.5%. Then the high oil content protein was hydrolyzed again to release oil by enzyme, the oil extraction yeild was 80.4%. As a result, high quality of soybean oil was obtained and the content of total oil yield was 74.4%.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21174114)the Ministry of Education Plan for Yangtze River Scholar and Innovation Team Development(No.IRT1177)+2 种基金Scientific and Technical Plan Project of Gansu Province(No. 1204GKCA006)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (No.1010RJZA024)Scientific and Technical Innovation Project of Northwest Normal University(No.nwnu-kjcxgc-03-63)
文摘ZnO/graphene oxide（ZnO/GO） composite material,in which ZnO nanoparticles were densely coated on the GO nanosheets,was successfully prepared by an improved two-step method and characterized by IR, XRD,TEM,and UV-vis techniques.The improved photocatalytic property of the ZnO/GO composite material,evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange（MO） under UV irradiation,is ascribed to the intimate contact between ZnO and GO,the enhanced adsorption of MO,the quick electron transfer from excited ZnO particles to GO sheets and the activation of MO molecules viaπ-πinteraction between MO and GO.
文摘The enzymatic synthesis of a tetrapeptide Phac-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-OEt is reported. It was synthesized by coupling Phac-Met-OEt with Gly-OMe ·HC1, Trp-OMe and Met-OEt successively, catalyzed by α-chymotrypsin, papain and α-chymotrypsin respectively. The results of FAB-MS showed that the products had the correct molecular mass.
基金supported by the Scientific Computing Research Innovation Team of Guangdong Province(no.2021KCXTD052)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR(no.0096/2022/A,0151/2022/A)+3 种基金University of Macao(no.MYRG2020-00035-FST,MYRG2022-00076-FST)the Guangdong Key Construction Discipline Research Capacity Enhancement Project(no.2022ZDJS049)Technology Planning Project of Shaoguan(no.210716094530390)the ScienceFoundation of Shaoguan University(no.SZ2020KJ01).
文摘In this paper,a two-step iteration method is established which can be viewed as a generalization of the existing modulus-based methods for vertical linear complementarity problems given by He and Vong(Appl.Math.Lett.134:108344,2022).The convergence analysis of the proposed method is established,which can improve the existing results.Numerical examples show that the proposed method is efficient with the two-step technique.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11771393,11371320,11632015)Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LZ14A010002,LQ18A010008)Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(FX2016073)
文摘Under the assumption that the nonlinear operator has Lipschitz continuous divided differences for the first order,we obtain an estimate of the radius of the convergence ball for the two-step secant method.Moreover,we also provide an error estimate that matches the convergence order of the two-step secant method.At last,we give an application of the proposed theorem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.52025028,52332008,52372214,52202273,and U22A20137)the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Tin(Sn)-lead(Pb)mixed halide perovskites have attracted widespread interest due to their wider re-sponse wavelength and lower toxicity than lead halide perovskites,Among the preparation methods,the two-step method more easily controls the crystallization rate and is suitable for preparing large-area per-ovskite devices.However,the residual low-conductivity iodide layer in the two-step method can affect carrier transport and device stability,and the different crystallization rates of Sn-and Pb-based per-ovskites may result in poor film quality.Therefore,Sn-Pb mixed perovskites are mainly prepared by a one-step method.Herein,a MAPb_(0.5)Sn_(0.5)I_(3)-based self-powered photodetector without a hole transport layer is fabricated by a two-step method.By adjusting the concentration of the ascorbic acid(AA)addi-tive,the final perovskite film exhibited a pure phase without residues,and the optimal device exhibited a high responsivity(0.276 A W^(-1)),large specific detectivity(2.38×10^(12) Jones),and enhanced stability.This enhancement is mainly attributed to the inhibition of Sn2+oxidation,the control of crystal growth,and the sufficient reaction between organic ammonium salts and bottom halides due to the AA-induced pore structure.
文摘The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) can be used to solve a wide range of problems and usually gets the solution in a series form. In this paper, we propose two-step Adomian Decomposition Method (TSAM) for nonlinear integro-differential equations that will facilitate the calculations. In this modification, compared to the standard Adomian decomposition method, the size of calculations was reduced. This modification also avoids computing Adomian polynomials. Numerical results are given to show the efficiency and performance of this method.
基金Project (2012CB722805) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects (50974083, 51174131) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project (50774112) supported by the Joint Fund of NSFC and Baosteel, ChinaProject(07QA4021) supported by the Shanghai "Phosphor" Science Foundation, China
文摘The accelerating factor （AF） method is a simple and appropriate way to investigate the atomic long-time deep diffusion at solid-solid interface. In the framework of AF hyperdynamics （HD） simulation, the relationship between the diffusion coefficient along the direction of z-axis which is normal to the Mg/Zn interface and temperature was investigated, and the AF＇s impact on the diffusion constant （D0） and activation energy （Q^＊） was studied. Then, two steps were taken to simulate the atomic diffusion process and the formation of new phases： one for acceleration and the other for equilibration. The results show that： the Arrhenius equation works well for the description of Dz with different accelerating factors; the AF has no effect on the diffusion constant Do in the case of no phase transition; and the relationship between Q＊ and Q conforms to Q^＊=Q/A. Then, the new Arrhenius equation for AFHD is successfully constructed as Dz=Doexp[-Q/（ART）]. Meanwhile, the authentic equilibrium conformations at any dynamic moment can only be reproduced by the equilibration simulation of the HD-simulated configurations. Key words： accelerating factor method; Arrhenius equation; two-steps scheme; Mg/Zn interface; hyperdynamic simulation
文摘近年来,花生过敏问题日益突出,已成为全球关注的公共卫生和食品安全问题之一。旨在为低敏性花生产品的研发提供理论依据,综述了花生致敏机制、主要过敏原及其抗原表位,并全面探讨了生物法降低花生致敏性的机制及研究进展。花生过敏是由IgE介导的Ⅰ类超敏反应。目前已鉴定出17种花生致敏原蛋白,其中Ara h 1、Ara h 2、Ara h 3和Ara h 6是主要过敏原,它们存在多种抗原表位。生物法脱敏包括酶法和发酵法,其中酶法脱敏包括酶解和酶交联两种方式,通过特异性切断蛋白质氨基酸序列或形成大分子聚合物掩盖过敏原表位来实现脱敏,而发酵法主要利用微生物发酵产生的酶和代谢产物破坏抗原表位或调节人体免疫系统,从而降低对过敏原的敏感性。未来可加强生物酶或发酵产酶特异性靶向酶解抗原表位序列的研究,以降低花生致敏性。
