Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination syst...Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination system for Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)at single-lane intersections,particularly in the context of left-hand side driving on roads.The goal is to facilitate smooth right turns for certain vehicles without creating bottlenecks.We consider that all approaching vehicles share relevant information through vehicular communications.The Intersection Coordination Unit(ICU)processes this information and communicates the optimal crossing or turning times to the vehicles.The primary objective of this coordination is to minimize overall traffic delays,which also helps improve the fuel consumption of vehicles.By considering information from upcoming vehicles at the intersection,the coordination system solves an optimization problem to determine the best timing for executing right turns,ultimately minimizing the total delay for all vehicles.The proposed coordination system is evaluated at a typical urban intersection,and its performance is compared to traditional traffic systems.Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed coordination system significantly enhances the average traffic speed and fuel consumption compared to the traditional traffic system in various scenarios.展开更多
Pavement condition monitoring and its timely maintenance is necessary to ensure the safety and quality of the roadway infrastructure. The International Roughness Index (IRI) is a commonly used measure to quantify road...Pavement condition monitoring and its timely maintenance is necessary to ensure the safety and quality of the roadway infrastructure. The International Roughness Index (IRI) is a commonly used measure to quantify road surface roughness and is a critical input to asset management. In Indiana, the IRI statistic contributes to roughly half of the pavement quality index computation used for asset management. Most agencies inventory IRI once a year, however, pavement conditions vary much more frequently. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework using crowdsourced connected vehicle data to identify and detect temporal changes in IRI. Over 3 billion connected vehicle records in Indiana were analyzed across 30 months between 2022 and 2024 to understand the spatiotemporal variations in roughness. Annual comparisons across all major interstates in Indiana showed the miles of interstates classified as “Good” decreased from 1896 to 1661 miles between 2022 and 2024. The miles of interstate classified as “Needs Maintenance” increased from 82 to 120 miles. A detailed case study showing monthly and daily changes of estimated IRI on I-65 are presented along with supporting dashcam images. Although the crowdsourced IRI estimates are not as robust as traditional specialized pavement profilers, they can be obtained on a monthly, weekly, or even daily basis. The paper concludes by suggesting a combination of frequent crowdsourced IRI and commercially available dashcam imagery of roadway can provide an agile and responsive mechanism for agencies to implement pavement asset management programs that can complement existing annual programs.展开更多
With the development of fast communication technology between ego vehicle and other traffic participants,and automated driving technology,there is a big potential in the improvement of energy efficiency of hybrid elec...With the development of fast communication technology between ego vehicle and other traffic participants,and automated driving technology,there is a big potential in the improvement of energy efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).Moreover,the terrain along the driving route is a non-ignorable factor for energy efficiency of HEV running on the hilly streets.This paper proposes a look-ahead horizon-based optimal energy management strategy to jointly improve the efficiencies of powertrain and vehicle for connected and automated HEVs on the road with slope.Firstly,a rule-based framework is developed to guarantee the success of automated driving in the traffic scenario.Then a constrained optimal control problem is formulated to minimize the fuel consumption and the electricity consumption under the satisfaction of inter-vehicular distance constraint between ego vehicle and preceding vehicle.Both speed planning and torque split of hybrid powertrain are provided by the proposed approach.Moreover,the preceding vehicle speed in the look-ahead horizon is predicted by extreme learning machine with real-time data obtained from communication of vehicle-to-everything.The optimal solution is derived through the Pontryagin’s maximum principle.Finally,to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,a traffic-in-the-loop powertrain platform with data from real world traffic environment is built.It is found that the fuel economy for the proposed energy management strategy improves in average 17.0%in scenarios of different traffic densities,compared to the energy management strategy without prediction of preceding vehicle speed.展开更多
Infrastructure and energy are two important areas for African countries to achieve sustainable development,as well as are among the priorities in the African Union’s Agenda 2063,the continent’s ambitious development...Infrastructure and energy are two important areas for African countries to achieve sustainable development,as well as are among the priorities in the African Union’s Agenda 2063,the continent’s ambitious development blueprint.In February,Lerato Mataboge was elected as the African Union Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy.She is a global policy and trade and investment facilitation expert and was the deputy director general in the South African Department of Trade,Industry and Competition when she was elected.展开更多
Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time requirements...Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time requirements.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)exhibits excellent capability of real-time decision-making and adaptability to complex scenarios,and generalization abilities.However,it is arduous to guarantee complete driving safety and efficiency under the constraints of training samples and costs.This paper proposes a Mixture of Expert method(MoE)based on Soft Actor-Critic(SAC),where the upper-level discriminator dynamically decides whether to activate the lower-level DRL expert or the heuristic expert based on the features of the input state.To further enhance the performance of the DRL expert,a buffer zone is introduced in the reward function,preemptively applying penalties before insecure situations occur.In order to minimize collision and off-road rates,the Intelligent Driver Model(IDM)and Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes(MOBIL)strategy are designed by heuristic experts.Finally,tested in typical simulation scenarios,MOE shows a 13.75%improvement in driving efficiency compared with the traditional DRL method with continuous action space.It ensures high safety with zero collision and zero off-road rates while maintaining high adaptability.展开更多
Using satellites to complete spectrum monitoring tasks can effectively receive and process electromagnetic spectrum signals emitted by radiation sources.However,due to the shortage of satellite storage,computing and n...Using satellites to complete spectrum monitoring tasks can effectively receive and process electromagnetic spectrum signals emitted by radiation sources.However,due to the shortage of satellite storage,computing and network resources,the intersatellite coordination is weak,and with the massive growth of spectrum data,the traditional cloud computing mode cannot meet the requirements of electromagnetic spectrum monitoring in terms of real-time,bandwidth,and security.We apply edge computing technology and deep learning technology to the satellite.Aiming at the problems of distributed satellite management and control,we propose a space-based distributed electromagnetic spectrum monitoring intelligent connected cloud-edge collaborative architecture SpaceEdge.SpaceEdge applies edge computing and artificial intelligence technology to space-based spectrum monitoring.SpaceEdge deploys intelligent monitoring algorithms to edge nodes to form edge intelligent satellite,and uses the cloud to uniformly manage and control heterogeneous edge satellite and monitor satellite resources.In addition,SpaceEdge can also adjust edge intelligent spectrum monitoring applications as needed to achieve effective coordination of inter-satellite algorithms and data to achieve the purpose of collaborative monitoring.Finally,SpaceEdge was experimentally verified,and the results proved the feasibility of SpaceEdge and can improve the timeliness and autonomy of the distributed satellite’s coordinated signal monitoring.展开更多
To improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of a PV grid-connected inverter,a PV grid-connected inverter data diagnosis method based on MPA-VMD-PSO-BiLSTM is proposed.Firstly,unlike the traditional VMD algorithm which rel...To improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of a PV grid-connected inverter,a PV grid-connected inverter data diagnosis method based on MPA-VMD-PSO-BiLSTM is proposed.Firstly,unlike the traditional VMD algorithm which relies on manual experience to set parameters(e.g.,noise tolerance,penalty parameter,number of decompositions),this paper achieves adaptive optimization of parameters through MPA algorithmto avoid the problemof feature information loss caused by manual parameter tuning,and adopts the improved VMD algorithm for feature extraction of DC-side voltage data signals of PV-grid-connected inverters;and then,adopts the PSO algorithm for theThen,the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the optimal batch size,the number of nodes in the hidden layer and the learning rate of the BiLSTM network,which significantly improves the model’s ability to capture the long-term dependent features of the PV inverter’s timing signals,to construct the PV grid-connected inverter prediction model of PSO-BiLSTM,and predict the capacitance value of the PVgrid-connected inverter.Finally,diagnostic experiments are carried out based on the expected capacitance value and the capacitance failure criterion.The results showthat compared with the traditional VMD algorithm,the MPA-optimised VMD improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the signal decomposition from 28.5 to 33.2 dB(16.5%improvement).After combining with the PSO-BiLSTM model,the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the fault diagnosis is reduced to 1.31%,and the coefficient of determination(R2)is up to 0.99.It is concluded that the present method has excellent diagnostic performance of PV grid-connected inverter data signals and effectively improves the accuracy of PV grid-connected inverter diagnosis.展开更多
Reliable electricity infrastructure is critical for modern society,highlighting the importance of securing the stability of fundamental power electronic systems.However,as such systems frequently involve high-current ...Reliable electricity infrastructure is critical for modern society,highlighting the importance of securing the stability of fundamental power electronic systems.However,as such systems frequently involve high-current and high-voltage conditions,there is a greater likelihood of failures.Consequently,anomaly detection of power electronic systems holds great significance,which is a task that properly-designed neural networks can well undertake,as proven in various scenarios.Transformer-like networks are promising for such application,yet with its structure initially designed for different tasks,features extracted by beginning layers are often lost,decreasing detection performance.Also,such data-driven methods typically require sufficient anomalous data for training,which could be difficult to obtain in practice.Therefore,to improve feature utilization while achieving efficient unsupervised learning,a novel model,Densely-connected Decoder Transformer(DDformer),is proposed for unsupervised anomaly detection of power electronic systems in this paper.First,efficient labelfree training is achieved based on the concept of autoencoder with recursive-free output.An encoder-decoder structure with densely-connected decoder is then adopted,merging features from all encoder layers to avoid possible loss of mined features while reducing training difficulty.Both simulation and real-world experiments are conducted to validate the capabilities of DDformer,and the average FDR has surpassed baseline models,reaching 89.39%,93.91%,95.98%in different experiment setups respectively.展开更多
The connectivity of shale pores and the occurrence of movable oil in shales have long been the focus of research.In this study,samples from wells BX7 and BYY2 in the Eq3^4-10 cyclothem of Qianjiang Formation in the Qi...The connectivity of shale pores and the occurrence of movable oil in shales have long been the focus of research.In this study,samples from wells BX7 and BYY2 in the Eq3^4-10 cyclothem of Qianjiang Formation in the Qianjiang depression,were analyzed.A double mercury injection method was used to distinguish between invalid and effective connected pores.The pore characteristics for occurrence of retained hydrocarbons and movable shale oil were identified by comparing pore changes in low temperature nitrogen adsorption and high pressure mercury injection experiments before and after extraction and the change in the mercury injection amounts in the pores between two separate mercury injections.The results show that less than 50%of the total connected pores in the Eq34-10 cyclothem samples are effective.The development of effective connected pores affects the mobility of shale oil but varies with different lithofacies.The main factor limiting shale oil mobility in Well BX7 is the presence of pores with throat sizes less than 15 nm.In Well BYY2,residual mercury in injection testing of lamellar dolomitic mudstone facies was mainly concentrated in pores with throats of 10-200 nm,and in bulk argillaceous dolomite facies,it was mainly concentrated at 60-300 nm.The throats of hydrocarbon-retaining pores can be 5 nm or even smaller,but pores with movable shale oil in the well were found to have throat sizes greater than 40 nm.Excluding the influence of differences in wettability,the movability of shale oil is mainly affected by differences in lithofacies,the degree of pore deformation caused by diagenesis,the complexity of pore structures,and the connectivity of pore throats.Dissolution and reprecipitation of halite also inhibit the mobility of shale oil.展开更多
With the advancement of connected vehicle(CV)technology,an increasing number of CVs will appear on urban roads.Data collected by CVs can be used to optimize signal parameters at intersections,thus improving traffic ef...With the advancement of connected vehicle(CV)technology,an increasing number of CVs will appear on urban roads.Data collected by CVs can be used to optimize signal parameters at intersections,thus improving traffic efficiency.In this study,we design a real-time adaptive signal control method for an arterial road with multiple intersections with low penetration rates.By utilizing vehicle arrival information collected by CVs,our method rapidly determines optimal signal phasing and timing(SPaT).The proposed adaptive signal control method was tested with the Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO)software,and was found to reduce total travel delay in the network better than a fixed coordination control method.The performance of the proposed method in reducing travel delay is expected to improve as CV detection range increases.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules from the perspective of the lung and the large intestine being internally and externally connected,aiming to provide a theoretical ...OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules from the perspective of the lung and the large intestine being internally and externally connected,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy and were found to have colorectal polyps at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,from January 1,2017,to December 31,2023.We also reviewed their lung CT results and used statistical software to analyze the recurrence,location,size,and pathology of colorectal polyps in relation to the presence,number,and size of pulmonary nodules.RESULTS:Both colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules are more common in elderly males.Patients with recurrent colorectal polyps are more likely to have pulmonary nodules,which tend to be located in the left colon and are more likely to be adenomatous in nature;those without pulmonary nodules show no clear pattern in polyp distribution,with a tendency towards inflammatory and hyperplastic pathology;the data from this study suggests that the proportion of lung nodules larger than 0.5 cm in the recurrent group is higher than in the non-recurrent group,and the proportion of colorectal polyps larger than 1 cm in the recurrent group is also higher than in the non-recurrent group.CONCLUSION:There is a certain connection between the pathogenesis and treatment of colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules.Cold,phlegm,dampness,blood stasis,and toxic coagulation are common pathogenic factors of the two diseases.Patients with larger colorectal polyps should be advised to undergo regular colonoscopy.Patients with recurrent polyps or those with left colon necrosis or cancer indicated by colonoscopy should be advised to complete lung related examinations to rule out the possibility of pulmonary nodules.展开更多
This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation...This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems.The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins,the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety,and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles.The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles,reduce development costs,and shorten the product launch cycle.The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.展开更多
In the Kigongo area of Mwanza Region,northwest Tanzania,fishmonger Neema Aisha remembers how the morning’s fresh catch would sour while she queued for the ferry,putting her business at risk.
BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
Floodplain wetlands are invaluable ecosystems providing numerous ecological benefits,yet they face a global crisis necessitating sustainable preservation efforts.This study examines the depletion of floodplain wetland...Floodplain wetlands are invaluable ecosystems providing numerous ecological benefits,yet they face a global crisis necessitating sustainable preservation efforts.This study examines the depletion of floodplain wetlands within the Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary(HWLS)in Uttar Pradesh.Encroachment activities such as grazing,agriculture,and human settlements have fragmented and degraded critical wetland ecosystems.Additionally,irrigation projects,dam construction,and water diversion have disrupted natural water flow and availability.To assess wetland inundation in 2023,five classification techniques were employed:Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),artificial neural network(ANN),Spectral Information Divergence(SID),and Maximum Likelihood Classifier(MLC).SVM emerged as the most precise method,as determined by kappa coefficient and index-based validation.Consequently,the SVM classifier was used to model wetland inundation areas from 1983 to 2023 and analyze spatiotemporal changes and fragmentation patterns.The findings revealed that the SVM clas-sifier accurately mapped 2023 wetland areas.The modeled time-series data demonstrated a 62.55%and 38.12%reduction in inundated wetland areas over the past 40 years in the pre-and post-monsoon periods,respectively.Fragmentation analysis indicated an 86.27%decrease in large core wetland areas in the pre-monsoon period,signifying severe habitat degradation.This rapid decline in wetlands within protected areas raises concerns about their ecological impacts.By linking wetland loss to global sustainability objectives,this study underscores the global urgency for strengthened wetland protection measures and highlights the need for integrating wetland conservation into broader sustainable development goals.Effective policies and adaptive management strategies are crucial for preserving these ecosystems and their vital services,which are essential for biodiversity,climate regulation,and human well-being.展开更多
The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-gener...The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-generation(5G)networks transformed mobile broadband and machine-type communications at massive scales,their properties of scaling,interference management,and latency remain a limitation in dense high mobility settings.To overcome these limitations,artificial intelligence(AI)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have emerged as potential solutions to develop versatile,dynamic,and energy-efficient communication systems.The study proposes an AI-based UAV architecture that utilizes cooperative reinforcement learning(CoRL)to manage an autonomous network.The UAVs collaborate by sharing local observations and real-time state exchanges to optimize user connectivity,movement directions,allocate power,and resource distribution.Unlike conventional centralized or autonomous methods,CoRL involves joint state sharing and conflict-sensitive reward shaping,which ensures fair coverage,less interference,and enhanced adaptability in a dynamic urban environment.Simulations conducted in smart city scenarios with 10 UAVs and 50 ground users demonstrate that the proposed CoRL-based UAV system increases user coverage by up to 10%,achieves convergence 40%faster,and reduces latency and energy consumption by 30%compared with centralized and decentralized baselines.Furthermore,the distributed nature of the algorithm ensures scalability and flexibility,making it well-suited for future large-scale 6G deployments.The results highlighted that AI-enabled UAV systems enhance connectivity,support ultra-reliable low-latency communications(URLLC),and improve 6G network efficiency.Future work will extend the framework with adaptive modulation,beamforming-aware positioning,and real-world testbed deployment.展开更多
Founded in September 2020,the International SparkLink Alliance(iSLA)now has approximately 1,200 members in diverse sectors including terminals,homes,vehicles,manufacturing,transportation,finance and healthcare.The iSL...Founded in September 2020,the International SparkLink Alliance(iSLA)now has approximately 1,200 members in diverse sectors including terminals,homes,vehicles,manufacturing,transportation,finance and healthcare.The iSLA has established a technical standards system for wireless short-range communication covering full-stack standards such as the end-to-end protocol system.展开更多
随着对教育信息化水平的要求不断提高,美国亟待进一步提升网络连接水平。为此,奥巴马政府发起了"连结教育"(ConnectED)计划行动。该项目旨在通过升级网络、更新设备、培训教师以及推行"为未来做好准备的学区承诺"(F...随着对教育信息化水平的要求不断提高,美国亟待进一步提升网络连接水平。为此,奥巴马政府发起了"连结教育"(ConnectED)计划行动。该项目旨在通过升级网络、更新设备、培训教师以及推行"为未来做好准备的学区承诺"(Future Ready District Pledge)来提高美国教育信息化水平和质量。我国教育信息化发展可以从该项目的实施中吸取经验。展开更多
To cope with the constraint problem of power consumption and transmission delay in the virtual backbone of wireless sensor network, a distributed connected dominating set （CDS） algorithm with （α,β）-constraints i...To cope with the constraint problem of power consumption and transmission delay in the virtual backbone of wireless sensor network, a distributed connected dominating set （CDS） algorithm with （α,β）-constraints is proposed. Based on the （α, β）-tree concept, a new connected dominating tree with bounded transmission delay problem（CDTT） is defined and a corresponding algorithm is designed to construct a CDT-tree which can trade off limited total power and bounded transmission delay from source to destination nodes. The CDT algorithm consists of two phases： The first phase constructs a maximum independent set（MIS）in a unit disk graph model. The second phase estimates the distance and calculates the transmission power to construct a spanning tree in an undirected graph with different weights for MST and SPF, respectively. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the CDT algorithm gives a correct solution to the CDTF problem and forms a virtual backbone with（ α,β）-constraints balancing the requirements of power consumption and transmission delay.展开更多
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)23K03898.
文摘Traffic at urban intersections frequently encounters unexpected obstructions,resulting in congestion due to uncooperative and priority-based driving behavior.This paper presents an optimal right-turn coordination system for Connected and Automated Vehicles(CAVs)at single-lane intersections,particularly in the context of left-hand side driving on roads.The goal is to facilitate smooth right turns for certain vehicles without creating bottlenecks.We consider that all approaching vehicles share relevant information through vehicular communications.The Intersection Coordination Unit(ICU)processes this information and communicates the optimal crossing or turning times to the vehicles.The primary objective of this coordination is to minimize overall traffic delays,which also helps improve the fuel consumption of vehicles.By considering information from upcoming vehicles at the intersection,the coordination system solves an optimization problem to determine the best timing for executing right turns,ultimately minimizing the total delay for all vehicles.The proposed coordination system is evaluated at a typical urban intersection,and its performance is compared to traditional traffic systems.Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed coordination system significantly enhances the average traffic speed and fuel consumption compared to the traditional traffic system in various scenarios.
文摘Pavement condition monitoring and its timely maintenance is necessary to ensure the safety and quality of the roadway infrastructure. The International Roughness Index (IRI) is a commonly used measure to quantify road surface roughness and is a critical input to asset management. In Indiana, the IRI statistic contributes to roughly half of the pavement quality index computation used for asset management. Most agencies inventory IRI once a year, however, pavement conditions vary much more frequently. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework using crowdsourced connected vehicle data to identify and detect temporal changes in IRI. Over 3 billion connected vehicle records in Indiana were analyzed across 30 months between 2022 and 2024 to understand the spatiotemporal variations in roughness. Annual comparisons across all major interstates in Indiana showed the miles of interstates classified as “Good” decreased from 1896 to 1661 miles between 2022 and 2024. The miles of interstate classified as “Needs Maintenance” increased from 82 to 120 miles. A detailed case study showing monthly and daily changes of estimated IRI on I-65 are presented along with supporting dashcam images. Although the crowdsourced IRI estimates are not as robust as traditional specialized pavement profilers, they can be obtained on a monthly, weekly, or even daily basis. The paper concludes by suggesting a combination of frequent crowdsourced IRI and commercially available dashcam imagery of roadway can provide an agile and responsive mechanism for agencies to implement pavement asset management programs that can complement existing annual programs.
文摘With the development of fast communication technology between ego vehicle and other traffic participants,and automated driving technology,there is a big potential in the improvement of energy efficiency of hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).Moreover,the terrain along the driving route is a non-ignorable factor for energy efficiency of HEV running on the hilly streets.This paper proposes a look-ahead horizon-based optimal energy management strategy to jointly improve the efficiencies of powertrain and vehicle for connected and automated HEVs on the road with slope.Firstly,a rule-based framework is developed to guarantee the success of automated driving in the traffic scenario.Then a constrained optimal control problem is formulated to minimize the fuel consumption and the electricity consumption under the satisfaction of inter-vehicular distance constraint between ego vehicle and preceding vehicle.Both speed planning and torque split of hybrid powertrain are provided by the proposed approach.Moreover,the preceding vehicle speed in the look-ahead horizon is predicted by extreme learning machine with real-time data obtained from communication of vehicle-to-everything.The optimal solution is derived through the Pontryagin’s maximum principle.Finally,to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm,a traffic-in-the-loop powertrain platform with data from real world traffic environment is built.It is found that the fuel economy for the proposed energy management strategy improves in average 17.0%in scenarios of different traffic densities,compared to the energy management strategy without prediction of preceding vehicle speed.
文摘Infrastructure and energy are two important areas for African countries to achieve sustainable development,as well as are among the priorities in the African Union’s Agenda 2063,the continent’s ambitious development blueprint.In February,Lerato Mataboge was elected as the African Union Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy.She is a global policy and trade and investment facilitation expert and was the deputy director general in the South African Department of Trade,Industry and Competition when she was elected.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2503203)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1964206).
文摘Decision-making of connected and automated vehicles(CAV)includes a sequence of driving maneuvers that improve safety and efficiency,characterized by complex scenarios,strong uncertainty,and high real-time requirements.Deep reinforcement learning(DRL)exhibits excellent capability of real-time decision-making and adaptability to complex scenarios,and generalization abilities.However,it is arduous to guarantee complete driving safety and efficiency under the constraints of training samples and costs.This paper proposes a Mixture of Expert method(MoE)based on Soft Actor-Critic(SAC),where the upper-level discriminator dynamically decides whether to activate the lower-level DRL expert or the heuristic expert based on the features of the input state.To further enhance the performance of the DRL expert,a buffer zone is introduced in the reward function,preemptively applying penalties before insecure situations occur.In order to minimize collision and off-road rates,the Intelligent Driver Model(IDM)and Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane changes(MOBIL)strategy are designed by heuristic experts.Finally,tested in typical simulation scenarios,MOE shows a 13.75%improvement in driving efficiency compared with the traditional DRL method with continuous action space.It ensures high safety with zero collision and zero off-road rates while maintaining high adaptability.
文摘Using satellites to complete spectrum monitoring tasks can effectively receive and process electromagnetic spectrum signals emitted by radiation sources.However,due to the shortage of satellite storage,computing and network resources,the intersatellite coordination is weak,and with the massive growth of spectrum data,the traditional cloud computing mode cannot meet the requirements of electromagnetic spectrum monitoring in terms of real-time,bandwidth,and security.We apply edge computing technology and deep learning technology to the satellite.Aiming at the problems of distributed satellite management and control,we propose a space-based distributed electromagnetic spectrum monitoring intelligent connected cloud-edge collaborative architecture SpaceEdge.SpaceEdge applies edge computing and artificial intelligence technology to space-based spectrum monitoring.SpaceEdge deploys intelligent monitoring algorithms to edge nodes to form edge intelligent satellite,and uses the cloud to uniformly manage and control heterogeneous edge satellite and monitor satellite resources.In addition,SpaceEdge can also adjust edge intelligent spectrum monitoring applications as needed to achieve effective coordination of inter-satellite algorithms and data to achieve the purpose of collaborative monitoring.Finally,SpaceEdge was experimentally verified,and the results proved the feasibility of SpaceEdge and can improve the timeliness and autonomy of the distributed satellite’s coordinated signal monitoring.
基金supported by Science and Technology Projects of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022003)Science and Technology Projects of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022003-5).
文摘To improve the fault diagnosis accuracy of a PV grid-connected inverter,a PV grid-connected inverter data diagnosis method based on MPA-VMD-PSO-BiLSTM is proposed.Firstly,unlike the traditional VMD algorithm which relies on manual experience to set parameters(e.g.,noise tolerance,penalty parameter,number of decompositions),this paper achieves adaptive optimization of parameters through MPA algorithmto avoid the problemof feature information loss caused by manual parameter tuning,and adopts the improved VMD algorithm for feature extraction of DC-side voltage data signals of PV-grid-connected inverters;and then,adopts the PSO algorithm for theThen,the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the optimal batch size,the number of nodes in the hidden layer and the learning rate of the BiLSTM network,which significantly improves the model’s ability to capture the long-term dependent features of the PV inverter’s timing signals,to construct the PV grid-connected inverter prediction model of PSO-BiLSTM,and predict the capacitance value of the PVgrid-connected inverter.Finally,diagnostic experiments are carried out based on the expected capacitance value and the capacitance failure criterion.The results showthat compared with the traditional VMD algorithm,the MPA-optimised VMD improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the signal decomposition from 28.5 to 33.2 dB(16.5%improvement).After combining with the PSO-BiLSTM model,the mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)of the fault diagnosis is reduced to 1.31%,and the coefficient of determination(R2)is up to 0.99.It is concluded that the present method has excellent diagnostic performance of PV grid-connected inverter data signals and effectively improves the accuracy of PV grid-connected inverter diagnosis.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62303090,U2330206in part by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China under Grant 2023M740516+1 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province under Grant 2024NSFSC1480in part by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘Reliable electricity infrastructure is critical for modern society,highlighting the importance of securing the stability of fundamental power electronic systems.However,as such systems frequently involve high-current and high-voltage conditions,there is a greater likelihood of failures.Consequently,anomaly detection of power electronic systems holds great significance,which is a task that properly-designed neural networks can well undertake,as proven in various scenarios.Transformer-like networks are promising for such application,yet with its structure initially designed for different tasks,features extracted by beginning layers are often lost,decreasing detection performance.Also,such data-driven methods typically require sufficient anomalous data for training,which could be difficult to obtain in practice.Therefore,to improve feature utilization while achieving efficient unsupervised learning,a novel model,Densely-connected Decoder Transformer(DDformer),is proposed for unsupervised anomaly detection of power electronic systems in this paper.First,efficient labelfree training is achieved based on the concept of autoencoder with recursive-free output.An encoder-decoder structure with densely-connected decoder is then adopted,merging features from all encoder layers to avoid possible loss of mined features while reducing training difficulty.Both simulation and real-world experiments are conducted to validate the capabilities of DDformer,and the average FDR has surpassed baseline models,reaching 89.39%,93.91%,95.98%in different experiment setups respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19B6003)。
文摘The connectivity of shale pores and the occurrence of movable oil in shales have long been the focus of research.In this study,samples from wells BX7 and BYY2 in the Eq3^4-10 cyclothem of Qianjiang Formation in the Qianjiang depression,were analyzed.A double mercury injection method was used to distinguish between invalid and effective connected pores.The pore characteristics for occurrence of retained hydrocarbons and movable shale oil were identified by comparing pore changes in low temperature nitrogen adsorption and high pressure mercury injection experiments before and after extraction and the change in the mercury injection amounts in the pores between two separate mercury injections.The results show that less than 50%of the total connected pores in the Eq34-10 cyclothem samples are effective.The development of effective connected pores affects the mobility of shale oil but varies with different lithofacies.The main factor limiting shale oil mobility in Well BX7 is the presence of pores with throat sizes less than 15 nm.In Well BYY2,residual mercury in injection testing of lamellar dolomitic mudstone facies was mainly concentrated in pores with throats of 10-200 nm,and in bulk argillaceous dolomite facies,it was mainly concentrated at 60-300 nm.The throats of hydrocarbon-retaining pores can be 5 nm or even smaller,but pores with movable shale oil in the well were found to have throat sizes greater than 40 nm.Excluding the influence of differences in wettability,the movability of shale oil is mainly affected by differences in lithofacies,the degree of pore deformation caused by diagenesis,the complexity of pore structures,and the connectivity of pore throats.Dissolution and reprecipitation of halite also inhibit the mobility of shale oil.
基金supported by the Program of Humanities and Social Science of the Ministry of Education of China(No.24YJA630013)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo of China(No.2024J125)the“Innovation Yongjiang 2035”Key R&D Programme(No.2024H032),China。
文摘With the advancement of connected vehicle(CV)technology,an increasing number of CVs will appear on urban roads.Data collected by CVs can be used to optimize signal parameters at intersections,thus improving traffic efficiency.In this study,we design a real-time adaptive signal control method for an arterial road with multiple intersections with low penetration rates.By utilizing vehicle arrival information collected by CVs,our method rapidly determines optimal signal phasing and timing(SPaT).The proposed adaptive signal control method was tested with the Simulation of Urban Mobility(SUMO)software,and was found to reduce total travel delay in the network better than a fixed coordination control method.The performance of the proposed method in reducing travel delay is expected to improve as CV detection range increases.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation:Research on the Mechanism of Chaiqi Decoction in Improving Vascular Endothelial Injury in Metabolic Syndrome by Regulating Pyroptosis via miR-21(No.7212181)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the relationship between colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules from the perspective of the lung and the large intestine being internally and externally connected,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent electronic colonoscopy and were found to have colorectal polyps at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Dongfang Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,from January 1,2017,to December 31,2023.We also reviewed their lung CT results and used statistical software to analyze the recurrence,location,size,and pathology of colorectal polyps in relation to the presence,number,and size of pulmonary nodules.RESULTS:Both colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules are more common in elderly males.Patients with recurrent colorectal polyps are more likely to have pulmonary nodules,which tend to be located in the left colon and are more likely to be adenomatous in nature;those without pulmonary nodules show no clear pattern in polyp distribution,with a tendency towards inflammatory and hyperplastic pathology;the data from this study suggests that the proportion of lung nodules larger than 0.5 cm in the recurrent group is higher than in the non-recurrent group,and the proportion of colorectal polyps larger than 1 cm in the recurrent group is also higher than in the non-recurrent group.CONCLUSION:There is a certain connection between the pathogenesis and treatment of colorectal polyps and pulmonary nodules.Cold,phlegm,dampness,blood stasis,and toxic coagulation are common pathogenic factors of the two diseases.Patients with larger colorectal polyps should be advised to undergo regular colonoscopy.Patients with recurrent polyps or those with left colon necrosis or cancer indicated by colonoscopy should be advised to complete lung related examinations to rule out the possibility of pulmonary nodules.
文摘This study aims to construct a virtual twin testing framework for the safety of the intended functionality of intelligent connected vehicles to address the safety requirements of intelligent driving and transportation systems.The research methods include the construction of a theoretical model of safety for intelligent connected vehicles based on the concept of virtual twins,the correlation study between key concepts and functional safety,and the application research of virtual twin technology in the safety testing of intelligent connected vehicles.The results reveal that the virtual twin testing framework can effectively enhance the functional safety of intelligent connected vehicles,reduce development costs,and shorten the product launch cycle.The conclusion suggests that this framework provides strong support for the healthy development of the intelligent connected vehicle industry and has a positive impact on the safety and efficiency of intelligent transportation systems.
文摘In the Kigongo area of Mwanza Region,northwest Tanzania,fishmonger Neema Aisha remembers how the morning’s fresh catch would sour while she queued for the ferry,putting her business at risk.
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
基金support through the“Trans-Disciplinary Research”Grant(No.R/Dev/IoE/TDRProjects/2023-24/61658),which played a crucial role in enabling this research endeavor.
文摘Floodplain wetlands are invaluable ecosystems providing numerous ecological benefits,yet they face a global crisis necessitating sustainable preservation efforts.This study examines the depletion of floodplain wetlands within the Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary(HWLS)in Uttar Pradesh.Encroachment activities such as grazing,agriculture,and human settlements have fragmented and degraded critical wetland ecosystems.Additionally,irrigation projects,dam construction,and water diversion have disrupted natural water flow and availability.To assess wetland inundation in 2023,five classification techniques were employed:Random Forest(RF),Support Vector Machine(SVM),artificial neural network(ANN),Spectral Information Divergence(SID),and Maximum Likelihood Classifier(MLC).SVM emerged as the most precise method,as determined by kappa coefficient and index-based validation.Consequently,the SVM classifier was used to model wetland inundation areas from 1983 to 2023 and analyze spatiotemporal changes and fragmentation patterns.The findings revealed that the SVM clas-sifier accurately mapped 2023 wetland areas.The modeled time-series data demonstrated a 62.55%and 38.12%reduction in inundated wetland areas over the past 40 years in the pre-and post-monsoon periods,respectively.Fragmentation analysis indicated an 86.27%decrease in large core wetland areas in the pre-monsoon period,signifying severe habitat degradation.This rapid decline in wetlands within protected areas raises concerns about their ecological impacts.By linking wetland loss to global sustainability objectives,this study underscores the global urgency for strengthened wetland protection measures and highlights the need for integrating wetland conservation into broader sustainable development goals.Effective policies and adaptive management strategies are crucial for preserving these ecosystems and their vital services,which are essential for biodiversity,climate regulation,and human well-being.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-00559546)supported by the IITP(Institute of Information&Coummunications Technology Planning&Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT)(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00259004).
文摘The advent of sixth-generation(6G)networks introduces unprecedented challenges in achieving seamless connectivity,ultra-low latency,and efficient resource management in highly dynamic environments.Although fifth-generation(5G)networks transformed mobile broadband and machine-type communications at massive scales,their properties of scaling,interference management,and latency remain a limitation in dense high mobility settings.To overcome these limitations,artificial intelligence(AI)and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have emerged as potential solutions to develop versatile,dynamic,and energy-efficient communication systems.The study proposes an AI-based UAV architecture that utilizes cooperative reinforcement learning(CoRL)to manage an autonomous network.The UAVs collaborate by sharing local observations and real-time state exchanges to optimize user connectivity,movement directions,allocate power,and resource distribution.Unlike conventional centralized or autonomous methods,CoRL involves joint state sharing and conflict-sensitive reward shaping,which ensures fair coverage,less interference,and enhanced adaptability in a dynamic urban environment.Simulations conducted in smart city scenarios with 10 UAVs and 50 ground users demonstrate that the proposed CoRL-based UAV system increases user coverage by up to 10%,achieves convergence 40%faster,and reduces latency and energy consumption by 30%compared with centralized and decentralized baselines.Furthermore,the distributed nature of the algorithm ensures scalability and flexibility,making it well-suited for future large-scale 6G deployments.The results highlighted that AI-enabled UAV systems enhance connectivity,support ultra-reliable low-latency communications(URLLC),and improve 6G network efficiency.Future work will extend the framework with adaptive modulation,beamforming-aware positioning,and real-world testbed deployment.
文摘Founded in September 2020,the International SparkLink Alliance(iSLA)now has approximately 1,200 members in diverse sectors including terminals,homes,vehicles,manufacturing,transportation,finance and healthcare.The iSLA has established a technical standards system for wireless short-range communication covering full-stack standards such as the end-to-end protocol system.
文摘随着对教育信息化水平的要求不断提高,美国亟待进一步提升网络连接水平。为此,奥巴马政府发起了"连结教育"(ConnectED)计划行动。该项目旨在通过升级网络、更新设备、培训教师以及推行"为未来做好准备的学区承诺"(Future Ready District Pledge)来提高美国教育信息化水平和质量。我国教育信息化发展可以从该项目的实施中吸取经验。
基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.70533050)High Technology Research Program ofJiangsu Province(No.BG2007012)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20070411065)Science Foundation of China University of Mining andTechnology(No.OC080303)
文摘To cope with the constraint problem of power consumption and transmission delay in the virtual backbone of wireless sensor network, a distributed connected dominating set （CDS） algorithm with （α,β）-constraints is proposed. Based on the （α, β）-tree concept, a new connected dominating tree with bounded transmission delay problem（CDTT） is defined and a corresponding algorithm is designed to construct a CDT-tree which can trade off limited total power and bounded transmission delay from source to destination nodes. The CDT algorithm consists of two phases： The first phase constructs a maximum independent set（MIS）in a unit disk graph model. The second phase estimates the distance and calculates the transmission power to construct a spanning tree in an undirected graph with different weights for MST and SPF, respectively. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the CDT algorithm gives a correct solution to the CDTF problem and forms a virtual backbone with（ α,β）-constraints balancing the requirements of power consumption and transmission delay.
