The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the ne...The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the next spring for flowering and seeds. FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a major repressor of floral transition by suppressing the flowering promoters FT and SOC1. Here we show that vernalization effectively represses tuber formation and promotes flowering in Tibetan turnip. We functionally characterized four FLC homologues(BrrFLC1,FLC2, FLC3, and FLC5), and found that BrrFLC2 and BrrFLC1 play a major role in repressing flowering in turnip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. In contrast, tuber formation was correlated with BrrFLC1 expression in the hypocotyl and was repressed under cold treatment following the quantitative downregulation of BrrFLC1. Grafting experiments of non-vernalized and vernalized turnips revealed that vernalization independently suppressed tuberization in the tuber or hypocotyl of the rootstock or scion, which occurred in parallel with the reduction in BrrFLC1 activity. Together, our results demonstrate that the Tibetan turnip is highly responsive to cold exposure, which is associated with the expression levels of BrrFLC genes.展开更多
Early tuberization,a short period from stolon occurrence to tuber formation,is one of the major characteristics of a good early-maturing potato cultivar,while the regulatory mechanism of tuberization time(TT)is still ...Early tuberization,a short period from stolon occurrence to tuber formation,is one of the major characteristics of a good early-maturing potato cultivar,while the regulatory mechanism of tuberization time(TT)is still unclear.In this study,two tetraploid cultivars,Zhongshu 3(Z3)and Zhongshu 18(Z18),with short and long TT respectively,were examined to reveal regulatory genes related to TT using RNA sequencing of tissue samples taken during stolon occurrence,stolon swelling and tuber formation.Cluster analysis showed that the gene expression patterns at the stolon swelling and tuber formation stages were significantly different from those at stolon occurrence in both Z3 and Z18.Therefore,we screened the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)at stolon swelling and tuber formation and compared them to those at stolon occurrence.A total of 3085 DEGs were specifically identified and analyzed according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment,and DEGs involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction and plant circadian clock were significantly enriched.The circadian clock genes were significantly differentially expressed between Z3 and Z18,revealing an important role for the plant circadian pathway in regulating TT.Furthermore,three candidate genes,StGI,StPRR and StEFM involved in circadian regulation and significantly differentially expressed between Z3 and Z18,were discovered and confirmed by qRT-PCR.The results provide valuable information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of potato TT and represent a step toward breeding early-maturing potato cultivars.展开更多
Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this ...Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this study was to generate potato plants with increased auxin level predominantly in tubers. To this end, a pBinB33-tms1 vector was constructed harboring the Agrobacterium auxin biosynthesis gene tms1 fused to tuber-specific promoter of the class I patatin gene (B33-promoter) of potato. Among numerous independently generated B33:tms1 lines, those without visible differences from control were selected for detailed studies. In the majority of transgenic lines, tms1 gene transcription was detected, mostly in tubers rather than in shoots. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in tubers and the auxin tuber-to-shoot ratio were increased in tms1-expressing transformants. The organ-specific increase in auxin synthesis in B33:tms1-transformants accelerated and intensified the process of tuber formation, reduced the dose of carbohydrate supply required for in vitro tuberization, and decreased the photoperiodic dependence of tuber initiation. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between tms1 expression, IAA content in tubers, and stimulation of tuber formation. The revealed properties of B33:tms1 transformants imply an important role for auxin in potato tuberization and offer prospects to magnify potato productivity by a moderate organ-specific enhancement of auxin content.展开更多
This editorial discusses a case report recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The report describes the clinical presentation,imaging,diagnosis,and treatment of a patient with tuberous sclerosis comp...This editorial discusses a case report recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The report describes the clinical presentation,imaging,diagnosis,and treatment of a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)combined with primary lymphedema(PLE).Additionally,it retrospectively analyzes the data of 16 previously reported cases of children with TSC combined with PLE to summarize the epidemiology,genetic diagnosis,and current main treatments of these patients.The report also speculates on the pathological and physiological mechanisms underlying TSC combined with PLE.TSC combined with PLE is rare;therefore,the report provides a theoretical basis for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment options for patients with TSC and PLE.Comprehensive clinical management of TSC is essential due to the diverse and multiorgan nature of its manifestations,often requiring a multidisciplinary approach for newly diagnosed cases.展开更多
The article contains a list of 14 structured technical sheets on roots, rhizomes or tubers that will serve as guidance in improving the quality of health of people. The used method was through an active search for lit...The article contains a list of 14 structured technical sheets on roots, rhizomes or tubers that will serve as guidance in improving the quality of health of people. The used method was through an active search for literature that brought the observed aspects to the structuring of the technical sheets, i.e., literature that contains data related to composition, active ingredients, interaction (when described in the consulted literature), health condition in which they may be useful in helath care by various health professionals and anyone who may be of interest. The data obtained shows that there is a need for a careful evaluation of the foods (that contain roots, rhizomes, or tubers) used by polymedicated people due to possible interactions and incompatibilities that may exist.展开更多
Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sw...Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sweet potato based on synthetic fungicides,biocontrol agents,coatings,and natural compounds are reviewed for the first time.The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed,and their efficacies are compared.Bacillus strains and the synthetic fungicides carbendazim,flutriafol,liguoling,Stadium?,thiabendazole,and thiophanate methyl show the strongest inhibitory effects.Bacillus strains possess an advantage over synthetic fungicides due to the detrimental impact of the latter on human health.The application of filamentous fungi and yeasts as biocontrol agents for C.fimbriata management has not yet been investigated.Coatings exhibit limited protection,and no attempts have been made to combine coatings with nanoparticles or essential oils.Although the natural compounds perillaldehyde and nerol are inexpensive and non-toxic,they are of low efficacy.All management strategies have been used on postharvest sweet potato roots and leaves.However,there is no approach to controlling C.fimbriata in roots during plant growth.Even though several methods for controlling C.fimbriata on sweet potato have been reported in recent years,numerous knowledge gaps impede the development of effective and safe approaches.展开更多
Eye depth is an important agronomic trait affecting tubers'appearance,quality,and processing suitability.Hence,cultivating varieties with uniform shapes and shallow eye depth are important goals for potato breedin...Eye depth is an important agronomic trait affecting tubers'appearance,quality,and processing suitability.Hence,cultivating varieties with uniform shapes and shallow eye depth are important goals for potato breeding.In this study,based on the primary mapping of the tuber eyedepth locus using a small primary-segregating population,a large secondary-segregating population with 2100 individuals was used to map the eye-depth locus further.A major quantitative trait locus for eye-depth on chromosome 10 was identified(designated qEyd10.1)using BSAseq and traditional QTL mapping methods.The qEyd10.1 could explain 55.0%of the eye depth phenotypic variation and was further narrowed to a 309.10 kb interval using recombinant analysis.To predict candidate genes,tissue sectioning and RNA-seq of the specific tuber tissues were performed.Genes encoding members of the peroxidase superfamily with likely roles in indole acetic acid regulation were considered the most promising candidates.These results will facilitate marker-assisted selection for the shallow-eye trait in potato breeding and provide a solid basis for eye-depth gene cloning and the analysis of tuber eye-depth regulatory mechanisms.展开更多
For traditional cultivation of Chinese yam, it is necessary to dig a deep trench duringsowing and harvest, wasting labor and time, and Chinese yam requires good quality of cultivated land, causing serious impact on th...For traditional cultivation of Chinese yam, it is necessary to dig a deep trench duringsowing and harvest, wasting labor and time, and Chinese yam requires good quality of cultivated land, causing serious impact on the development of yam industry due to the competition with food production. Yam no-tillage ecological cul- ture techniques, combined with advantage of yam directional tuberization, could en- able the cultivation of yam inlow-production field, barren hills and sloping field, forest land and other non-staple food land and thus could promote farmers＇ income as well as improving the ecological environment.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of cobalt- 60 irradiation on potato. [Method] Potato tubers of Favorita and Zhongshu No.3 were irradiated with 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 70 Gy of cobalt-60 ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of cobalt- 60 irradiation on potato. [Method] Potato tubers of Favorita and Zhongshu No.3 were irradiated with 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 70 Gy of cobalt-60 γ-ray respectively, to explore the mutagenic effect of different doses of γ-ray heavy ion irradiation on potato. [Result] The results showed that the emergence rate, seedling rate, plant growth, yield and commodity of potato varied after irradiated with different doses of cobalt-60 γ-ray; 10Gy of cobalt-60 irradiation played a positive effect on the growth and development of potato, while high doses played a negative effect on the growth and development of potato. After cobalt-60 irradiation, the botanical traits of M1 gen- eration varied greatly, resulting in a number of beneficial mutation traits; some traits of M2 and M3 generations became stably inherited. [Conclusion] Cobalt-60 irradiation breeding is conducive to the variety improvement and germplasm innovation as an effective means of genetic improvement for potato.展开更多
The lower degree of mechanical harvesting is a bottleneck hindering the healthy development of sweetpotato industry in China, while the mismatching be- tween agricultural machinery and agronomy is one of the main fact...The lower degree of mechanical harvesting is a bottleneck hindering the healthy development of sweetpotato industry in China, while the mismatching be- tween agricultural machinery and agronomy is one of the main factors for poor me- chani.cal harvesting. In this study, total five sweetpotato varieties were selected, and the effects of different shapes and sizes on mechanical harvesting of sweetpotato were investigated. The results showed that the breakage rate of Xuzishu 5 was lowest, so it is more suitable for mechanical harvesting in field. At the same time, the correlations between sweetpotato shape, breakage rate and exposure rate were analyzed. It was found that there was a significant linear correlation between sweet- potato shape and breakage rate （P〈0.01）; the higher the flat rate is, the higher the breakage rate is; and sweetpotato shape had no significant effect on exposure rate. Therefore, tuberous root with lower flat rate, as well as better agronomic characters should be selected in the breeding process of new sweetpotato varieties.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the appropriate dose of 60^Co-γ irradiation for tubers of purple sweet potato.[Methods] The tubers of two purple sweet potato varieties Xuzi L-7 and Yuenanzi were used as e...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the appropriate dose of 60^Co-γ irradiation for tubers of purple sweet potato.[Methods] The tubers of two purple sweet potato varieties Xuzi L-7 and Yuenanzi were used as experimental materials,and treated with 60^Co-γ irradiation at different doses（0,25,50,75,100,125 and 150 Gy） to determine the emergence rate,number of emerged seedlings per tuber and fresh weight per seedling.[Results] After the 60^Co-γ irradiation at different doses,the emergence period of tubers was postponed while the emergence rate,number of emerged seedlings per tuber and fresh weight per plant were decreased,and the differences between different varieties and different irradiation doses reached significance level.Compared with the control,the emergence period of tubers at irradiation doses above 25 Gy were postponed by 2,3,5,6 and 12 d,respectively.[Conclusion] The half lethal dose（LD50） of Xuzi L-7 was 66.73 Gy,and that of Yuenanzi was 74.96 Gy.展开更多
Efficient and reproducible sample preparation prior to 2D-PAGE (two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a critical step in achieving accurate and reliable data. In this paper, we described a method to p...Efficient and reproducible sample preparation prior to 2D-PAGE (two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a critical step in achieving accurate and reliable data. In this paper, we described a method to prepare protein samples of taro that was compatible with subsequent analysis using 2D-PAGE. We compared proteins from shoot basal region from 0 d and 2 d after the beginning of tuberization. By this method we got about (2 000) spots and high reproducibility. Additionally some changes of protein expression were found.展开更多
Dehydration,viability,proline,sucrose and glucose concentrations were evaluated on green and white microtubers during storage at two different temperatures.After 10 months at 4℃,the green and white microtubers showed...Dehydration,viability,proline,sucrose and glucose concentrations were evaluated on green and white microtubers during storage at two different temperatures.After 10 months at 4℃,the green and white microtubers showed shrinkage with a dry weight loss of 3.91%and 3.15%.Both,the green and white microtubers at 4℃ presented an enhanced sprouting after storage.At 23℃,the green microtubers lost the lowest quantity in dry weight(0.8%)and white microtubers lost 2.2%.This behavior is possibly related to the increase in the thickness of the peridermis observed in green microtubers or to the osmotic regulation mediated principally by the observed concentrations of proline and glucose but not sucrose.The best storage conditions for potato microtubers obtained in vitro were at 4℃ for green or white microtubers for up to 10 months with little loss of viability.展开更多
Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported ...Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.31500221,31590823 and 31601999)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by XXK
文摘The turnip(Brassica rapa var. rapa) is a biennial crop that is planted in late summer/early fall and forms fleshy tubers for food in temperate regions. The harvested tubers then overwinter and are planted again the next spring for flowering and seeds. FLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC) is a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a major repressor of floral transition by suppressing the flowering promoters FT and SOC1. Here we show that vernalization effectively represses tuber formation and promotes flowering in Tibetan turnip. We functionally characterized four FLC homologues(BrrFLC1,FLC2, FLC3, and FLC5), and found that BrrFLC2 and BrrFLC1 play a major role in repressing flowering in turnip and in transgenic Arabidopsis. In contrast, tuber formation was correlated with BrrFLC1 expression in the hypocotyl and was repressed under cold treatment following the quantitative downregulation of BrrFLC1. Grafting experiments of non-vernalized and vernalized turnips revealed that vernalization independently suppressed tuberization in the tuber or hypocotyl of the rootstock or scion, which occurred in parallel with the reduction in BrrFLC1 activity. Together, our results demonstrate that the Tibetan turnip is highly responsive to cold exposure, which is associated with the expression levels of BrrFLC genes.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31771860)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0101905)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-09).
文摘Early tuberization,a short period from stolon occurrence to tuber formation,is one of the major characteristics of a good early-maturing potato cultivar,while the regulatory mechanism of tuberization time(TT)is still unclear.In this study,two tetraploid cultivars,Zhongshu 3(Z3)and Zhongshu 18(Z18),with short and long TT respectively,were examined to reveal regulatory genes related to TT using RNA sequencing of tissue samples taken during stolon occurrence,stolon swelling and tuber formation.Cluster analysis showed that the gene expression patterns at the stolon swelling and tuber formation stages were significantly different from those at stolon occurrence in both Z3 and Z18.Therefore,we screened the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)at stolon swelling and tuber formation and compared them to those at stolon occurrence.A total of 3085 DEGs were specifically identified and analyzed according to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment,and DEGs involved in starch and sucrose metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction and plant circadian clock were significantly enriched.The circadian clock genes were significantly differentially expressed between Z3 and Z18,revealing an important role for the plant circadian pathway in regulating TT.Furthermore,three candidate genes,StGI,StPRR and StEFM involved in circadian regulation and significantly differentially expressed between Z3 and Z18,were discovered and confirmed by qRT-PCR.The results provide valuable information for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of potato TT and represent a step toward breeding early-maturing potato cultivars.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-14-01095)partly (until July, 2014) by the Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences " Molecular and Cell Biology "
文摘Phytohormones, auxins in particular, play an important role in plant development and productivity. Earlier data showed positive impact of exogenous auxin on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuberization. The aim of this study was to generate potato plants with increased auxin level predominantly in tubers. To this end, a pBinB33-tms1 vector was constructed harboring the Agrobacterium auxin biosynthesis gene tms1 fused to tuber-specific promoter of the class I patatin gene (B33-promoter) of potato. Among numerous independently generated B33:tms1 lines, those without visible differences from control were selected for detailed studies. In the majority of transgenic lines, tms1 gene transcription was detected, mostly in tubers rather than in shoots. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in tubers and the auxin tuber-to-shoot ratio were increased in tms1-expressing transformants. The organ-specific increase in auxin synthesis in B33:tms1-transformants accelerated and intensified the process of tuber formation, reduced the dose of carbohydrate supply required for in vitro tuberization, and decreased the photoperiodic dependence of tuber initiation. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between tms1 expression, IAA content in tubers, and stimulation of tuber formation. The revealed properties of B33:tms1 transformants imply an important role for auxin in potato tuberization and offer prospects to magnify potato productivity by a moderate organ-specific enhancement of auxin content.
文摘This editorial discusses a case report recently published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The report describes the clinical presentation,imaging,diagnosis,and treatment of a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)combined with primary lymphedema(PLE).Additionally,it retrospectively analyzes the data of 16 previously reported cases of children with TSC combined with PLE to summarize the epidemiology,genetic diagnosis,and current main treatments of these patients.The report also speculates on the pathological and physiological mechanisms underlying TSC combined with PLE.TSC combined with PLE is rare;therefore,the report provides a theoretical basis for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment options for patients with TSC and PLE.Comprehensive clinical management of TSC is essential due to the diverse and multiorgan nature of its manifestations,often requiring a multidisciplinary approach for newly diagnosed cases.
文摘The article contains a list of 14 structured technical sheets on roots, rhizomes or tubers that will serve as guidance in improving the quality of health of people. The used method was through an active search for literature that brought the observed aspects to the structuring of the technical sheets, i.e., literature that contains data related to composition, active ingredients, interaction (when described in the consulted literature), health condition in which they may be useful in helath care by various health professionals and anyone who may be of interest. The data obtained shows that there is a need for a careful evaluation of the foods (that contain roots, rhizomes, or tubers) used by polymedicated people due to possible interactions and incompatibilities that may exist.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32172441,32302433,and 32001599)。
文摘Ceratocystis fimbriata is a hazardous fungal pathogen that causes black rot disease in sweet potato roots,leading to devastating losses during sweet potato growth and storage.All methods for managing C.fimbriata on sweet potato based on synthetic fungicides,biocontrol agents,coatings,and natural compounds are reviewed for the first time.The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods are discussed,and their efficacies are compared.Bacillus strains and the synthetic fungicides carbendazim,flutriafol,liguoling,Stadium?,thiabendazole,and thiophanate methyl show the strongest inhibitory effects.Bacillus strains possess an advantage over synthetic fungicides due to the detrimental impact of the latter on human health.The application of filamentous fungi and yeasts as biocontrol agents for C.fimbriata management has not yet been investigated.Coatings exhibit limited protection,and no attempts have been made to combine coatings with nanoparticles or essential oils.Although the natural compounds perillaldehyde and nerol are inexpensive and non-toxic,they are of low efficacy.All management strategies have been used on postharvest sweet potato roots and leaves.However,there is no approach to controlling C.fimbriata in roots during plant growth.Even though several methods for controlling C.fimbriata on sweet potato have been reported in recent years,numerous knowledge gaps impede the development of effective and safe approaches.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801421)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS).
文摘Eye depth is an important agronomic trait affecting tubers'appearance,quality,and processing suitability.Hence,cultivating varieties with uniform shapes and shallow eye depth are important goals for potato breeding.In this study,based on the primary mapping of the tuber eyedepth locus using a small primary-segregating population,a large secondary-segregating population with 2100 individuals was used to map the eye-depth locus further.A major quantitative trait locus for eye-depth on chromosome 10 was identified(designated qEyd10.1)using BSAseq and traditional QTL mapping methods.The qEyd10.1 could explain 55.0%of the eye depth phenotypic variation and was further narrowed to a 309.10 kb interval using recombinant analysis.To predict candidate genes,tissue sectioning and RNA-seq of the specific tuber tissues were performed.Genes encoding members of the peroxidase superfamily with likely roles in indole acetic acid regulation were considered the most promising candidates.These results will facilitate marker-assisted selection for the shallow-eye trait in potato breeding and provide a solid basis for eye-depth gene cloning and the analysis of tuber eye-depth regulatory mechanisms.
基金Supported by National Scientific and Technological Special Program(200903022)Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2015JM11)~~
文摘For traditional cultivation of Chinese yam, it is necessary to dig a deep trench duringsowing and harvest, wasting labor and time, and Chinese yam requires good quality of cultivated land, causing serious impact on the development of yam industry due to the competition with food production. Yam no-tillage ecological cul- ture techniques, combined with advantage of yam directional tuberization, could en- able the cultivation of yam inlow-production field, barren hills and sloping field, forest land and other non-staple food land and thus could promote farmers＇ income as well as improving the ecological environment.
基金Supported by Youth Fund of President of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences (11B0324)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the mutagenic effect of cobalt- 60 irradiation on potato. [Method] Potato tubers of Favorita and Zhongshu No.3 were irradiated with 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 70 Gy of cobalt-60 γ-ray respectively, to explore the mutagenic effect of different doses of γ-ray heavy ion irradiation on potato. [Result] The results showed that the emergence rate, seedling rate, plant growth, yield and commodity of potato varied after irradiated with different doses of cobalt-60 γ-ray; 10Gy of cobalt-60 irradiation played a positive effect on the growth and development of potato, while high doses played a negative effect on the growth and development of potato. After cobalt-60 irradiation, the botanical traits of M1 gen- eration varied greatly, resulting in a number of beneficial mutation traits; some traits of M2 and M3 generations became stably inherited. [Conclusion] Cobalt-60 irradiation breeding is conducive to the variety improvement and germplasm innovation as an effective means of genetic improvement for potato.
基金Supported by Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-11,Sweetpotato)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20140230)~~
文摘The lower degree of mechanical harvesting is a bottleneck hindering the healthy development of sweetpotato industry in China, while the mismatching be- tween agricultural machinery and agronomy is one of the main factors for poor me- chani.cal harvesting. In this study, total five sweetpotato varieties were selected, and the effects of different shapes and sizes on mechanical harvesting of sweetpotato were investigated. The results showed that the breakage rate of Xuzishu 5 was lowest, so it is more suitable for mechanical harvesting in field. At the same time, the correlations between sweetpotato shape, breakage rate and exposure rate were analyzed. It was found that there was a significant linear correlation between sweet- potato shape and breakage rate （P〈0.01）; the higher the flat rate is, the higher the breakage rate is; and sweetpotato shape had no significant effect on exposure rate. Therefore, tuberous root with lower flat rate, as well as better agronomic characters should be selected in the breeding process of new sweetpotato varieties.
基金Supported by "12th Five-Year Plan" Breeding Project of Crops and Live stock of Sichuan Province~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the appropriate dose of 60^Co-γ irradiation for tubers of purple sweet potato.[Methods] The tubers of two purple sweet potato varieties Xuzi L-7 and Yuenanzi were used as experimental materials,and treated with 60^Co-γ irradiation at different doses（0,25,50,75,100,125 and 150 Gy） to determine the emergence rate,number of emerged seedlings per tuber and fresh weight per seedling.[Results] After the 60^Co-γ irradiation at different doses,the emergence period of tubers was postponed while the emergence rate,number of emerged seedlings per tuber and fresh weight per plant were decreased,and the differences between different varieties and different irradiation doses reached significance level.Compared with the control,the emergence period of tubers at irradiation doses above 25 Gy were postponed by 2,3,5,6 and 12 d,respectively.[Conclusion] The half lethal dose（LD50） of Xuzi L-7 was 66.73 Gy,and that of Yuenanzi was 74.96 Gy.
基金Item supported by science and technologycommittee of Shanghai municipality(003113010)
文摘Efficient and reproducible sample preparation prior to 2D-PAGE (two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a critical step in achieving accurate and reliable data. In this paper, we described a method to prepare protein samples of taro that was compatible with subsequent analysis using 2D-PAGE. We compared proteins from shoot basal region from 0 d and 2 d after the beginning of tuberization. By this method we got about (2 000) spots and high reproducibility. Additionally some changes of protein expression were found.
基金Authors thank CONACYT for a grant to JGOM(No.169550,DEPI:A020026).
文摘Dehydration,viability,proline,sucrose and glucose concentrations were evaluated on green and white microtubers during storage at two different temperatures.After 10 months at 4℃,the green and white microtubers showed shrinkage with a dry weight loss of 3.91%and 3.15%.Both,the green and white microtubers at 4℃ presented an enhanced sprouting after storage.At 23℃,the green microtubers lost the lowest quantity in dry weight(0.8%)and white microtubers lost 2.2%.This behavior is possibly related to the increase in the thickness of the peridermis observed in green microtubers or to the osmotic regulation mediated principally by the observed concentrations of proline and glucose but not sucrose.The best storage conditions for potato microtubers obtained in vitro were at 4℃ for green or white microtubers for up to 10 months with little loss of viability.
文摘Starch degradation in cells is closely associated with cereal seed germination, photosynthesis in leaves, carbohydrate storage in tuber and tuberous roots, and fleshy fruit development. Based on previously reported in vitro assays, β amylase is considered as one of the key enzymes catalyzing starch breakdown, but up to date its role in starch breakdown in living cells remains unclear because the enzyme was shown often extrachloroplastic in living cells. Recently we have shown for the first time that β_amylase is predominantly immuno_localized to plastids in living cells of developing apple fruit. But it remains to know whether this model of β_amylase compartmentation is more widespread in plant living cells. The present experiment, conducted in tuberous root of sweet potato ( Ipomea batatas Lam. cv. Xushu 18) and via immunogold electron_microscopy technique, showed that β amylase visualized by gold particles was predominantly localized in plastids especially at periphery of starch granules, but the gold particles were scarcely found in other subcellular compartments, indicating that the enzyme is subcellularly compartmented in the same zone as its starch substrates. The density of gold particles (β amylase) in plastids was increasing during growing season, but the predominantly plastid_distributed pattern of β amylase in cells was shown unchanged throughout the tuberous root development. These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.
