Cell transplantation therapy in the central nervous system is hindered by limited survival and integration of grafted cells. Biomaterials have emerged as an attractive solution to this problem by providing a protectiv...Cell transplantation therapy in the central nervous system is hindered by limited survival and integration of grafted cells. Biomaterials have emerged as an attractive solution to this problem by providing a protective microenvironment to deliver cells to injured tissues. The design of biomaterials compatible with nervous tissues to promote tissue repair and functional recovery is a focus of neural tissue engineering. A wealth of research has explored different materials and architectures in combination with bioactive cues to promote neural and glial cell growth and maturation. After a brief presentation of biomaterial strategies and cell sources, we review the in vivo evidences about the efficacy of biomaterial and stem cell cotransplantation in (i) enhancing trophic effects, (ii) increasing cell integration, and (iii) achieving functional recovery in preclinical models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. Furthermore, a comprehensive perspective was offered regarding the specific implementation tactics, obstacles, and development orientations of employing biomaterials as critical support to promote cell transplantation.展开更多
文摘生物多样性与生态系统功能关系是生态学研究的热点之一,以往研究多关注生物多样性与单一生态系统功能之间的关系,然而生态系统能够同时提供多种功能和服务即生态系统多功能性(ecosystem multifunctionality,EMF),仅考虑单一生态系统功能会低估生物多样性的重要性。近年来,EMF研究的重要性受到更多重视,生物多样性与生态系统多功能性(biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality,BEMF)关系成为生态学研究新的热点。梳理近15年的研究发现,不同维度、不同尺度的单一或多营养级生物多样性均会对EMF产生显著的影响,并且在全球变化的背景下,自然干扰与人为干扰均会影响生物多样性与生态系统多功能性从而改变BEMF关系,EMF测度方法的差异也可能导致BEMF关系的不一致。生物多样性维度(尺度)选择的局限、不同EMF测度方法的认知差异、BEMF时空数据库的缺乏以及BEMF关系研究方法的单一等问题阻碍了BEMF关系的深入探究。未来研究应对现有测度方法进行深入比较并发展通用的新方法,深入探究多维度、多尺度生物多样性对EMF影响的综合作用。此外,应结合野外观测、遥感监测等全方位调查手段建立多时空尺度的BEMF数据库,扩展BEMF关系研究方法,建立通用的分析框架,规范BEMF关系研究范式,深化BEMF关系的研究。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3400100)Lundbeck Foundation(Grant No.R400-2022-1232)+4 种基金Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions(L4DNANO,Grant agreement No.101086227NanoRam,Grant agreement No.101120146)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82171954,82371973,82030050,and T2394534)International Cooperation Program of Shanghai Municipal Committee for Science and Technology(Grant No.23410713000)the Research Project of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital(Grant No.Ynyq202303).
文摘Cell transplantation therapy in the central nervous system is hindered by limited survival and integration of grafted cells. Biomaterials have emerged as an attractive solution to this problem by providing a protective microenvironment to deliver cells to injured tissues. The design of biomaterials compatible with nervous tissues to promote tissue repair and functional recovery is a focus of neural tissue engineering. A wealth of research has explored different materials and architectures in combination with bioactive cues to promote neural and glial cell growth and maturation. After a brief presentation of biomaterial strategies and cell sources, we review the in vivo evidences about the efficacy of biomaterial and stem cell cotransplantation in (i) enhancing trophic effects, (ii) increasing cell integration, and (iii) achieving functional recovery in preclinical models of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. Furthermore, a comprehensive perspective was offered regarding the specific implementation tactics, obstacles, and development orientations of employing biomaterials as critical support to promote cell transplantation.
