Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an economically important crop worldwide due to its high content of aroma-producing monoterpenoids,and development of varieties with enhanced flavor and overall quality is a crucial research a...Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an economically important crop worldwide due to its high content of aroma-producing monoterpenoids,and development of varieties with enhanced flavor and overall quality is a crucial research area.However,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying monoterpenoid synthesis in Z.bungeanum remain unclear,hindering these breeding efforts.In this study,RNA sequencing,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry,and other molecular biology techniques were used to identify the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanisms.Two transcription factors,ZbbHLH2 and ZbERF6,were identified as key regulators of monoterpenoid synthesis in Z.bungeanum that upregulate various monoterpenoid synthesis-associated genes and are novel transcriptional activators of ZbIDI,which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in plant monoterpenoid synthesis.Functional analysis revealed that the expression of three genes[1]modulates monoterpenoid accumulation in Z.bungeanum peel.These findings provide novel insights into the metabolic regulatory network of monoterpenoid synthesis in Z.bungeanum peel,offer potential strategies for the biofortification of specific monoterpenoids,and will promote the development of Z.bungeanum germplasm for targeted breeding and quality improvement.展开更多
Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a potent antioxidant with antimicrobial,antiviral,and metabolic regulatory properties,plays multifunctional roles in apple fruit by enhancing postharvest quality,extending shelf life through oxid...Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a potent antioxidant with antimicrobial,antiviral,and metabolic regulatory properties,plays multifunctional roles in apple fruit by enhancing postharvest quality,extending shelf life through oxidative stress reduction,and inhibiting enzymatic browning to preserve color,flavor,and nutritional integrity.Despite the established role of hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT)as a rate-limiting enzyme in CGA biosynthesis,the specific HCT gene responsible for this process and its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.To address this knowledge gap,we systematically investigated CGA accumulation dynamics during apple storage and functionally characterized MdHCT6,a candidate gene within the HCT family.We found that the chlorogenic acid content in apple fruit increased significantly during postharvest storage compared with the initial storage.Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression level of MdHCT6 was significantly higher than that of other HCT homologues,which was consistent with the reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)results.In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that MdHCT6 catalyzes the synthesis of chlorogenic acid using shikimic acid and quinic acid as precursors,while genetic evidence confirmed its role as a key positive regulator of chlorogenic acid accumulation in apples.Furthermore,we identified the transcription factor MdMYB93 as a direct upstream activator of MdHCT6,establishing a regulatory cascade that governs CGA production.This work not only deciphers the molecular hierarchy of CGA biosynthesis in apples but also provides actionable targets for genetic improvement of antioxidant capacity and postharvest resilience in apple germplasm.展开更多
Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revea...Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revealed that 9 out of the 10 mitochondrial genes, except for atp6, showed no difference in different tissues of the corresponding materials of NCα CMS system and that they might be constitutively expressed genes. Eight genes, such as orf139, orf222, atpl, cox1, cox2, cob, rm5S, and rm26S, showed no difference among the three tissues of all the materials detected. So the expression of these eight genes was not regulated by nuclear genes and was not tissue-specific. The transcripts of atp9 were identical among different tissues, but diverse among different materials, indicating that transcription of atp9 was neither controlled by nuclear gene nor tissue-specific. Gene atp6 displayed similar transcripts with the same size among different tissues of all the materials but differed in abundance among tissues of corresponding materials and its expression might be tissue-specific under regulation of nuclear gene. Moreover, three transcripts of orf222 were detected in the floral buds of NCa cms and fertile F1, but no transcript was detected in floral buds of the maintainer line.The transcription of orf139 was similar to that of orf222 but only two transcripts of 0.8 kb and 0.6 kb were produced. The atp9 probe detected a single transcript of 0.6 kb in NCa cms and in maintainer line and an additional transcript of 1.2 kb in fertile F1. The relationship of expression of orf222, orf139, and atp9 with NCa sterility was discussed.展开更多
Atherosclerosis is a progressive human pathology that encompasses several stages of development. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early sign of lesion within the vasculature. A number of risk factors for atherosc...Atherosclerosis is a progressive human pathology that encompasses several stages of development. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early sign of lesion within the vasculature. A number of risk factors for atherosclero- sis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, target the vascular endothelium by re-programming its transcriptome. These profound alterations taking place on the chromatin rely on the interplay between sequence specific transcription factors and the epigenetic machinery. The epigenetic machinery, in turn, tailor individual transcription events key to atherogenesis to intrinsic and extrinsic insults dictating the development of atheroscle- rotic lesions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the involvement of the epigenetic machinery in endothelial injury during atherogenesis.展开更多
Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the most important food crops in the world,and starch is the main component of its endosperm.Transcriptional regulation plays a vital role in starch biosynthesis.However,it is not well unde...Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the most important food crops in the world,and starch is the main component of its endosperm.Transcriptional regulation plays a vital role in starch biosynthesis.However,it is not well understood in maize.We report the identification of the transcription factor ZmNAC126 and its role in regulation of starch synthesis in maize.Transcriptional expression of ZmNAC126 was higher in maize endosperm and kernels than in roots or stems.ZmNAC126 shared a similar expression pattern with starch synthesis genes during seed development,and its expression pattern was also consistent with the accumulation of starch.ZmNAC126 is a typical transcription factor with a transactivation domain between positions 201 and 227 of the amino acid sequence,is located in the nucleus,and binds to CACG repeats in vitro.Yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that ZmNAC126 bound the promoters of ZmGBSSI,ZmSSIIa,ZmSSIV,ZmISA1,and ZmISA2.Transient overexpression of ZmNAC126 in maize endosperm increased the activities of promoters pZmSh2,pZmBt2,pZmGBSSI,pZmSSIIIa,and pZmBT1 but inhibited the activities of pZmISA1 and pZmISA2.ZmNAC126 thus acts in starch synthesis by transcriptionally regulating targeted starch synthesis-related genes in maize kernels.展开更多
Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord...Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.展开更多
Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biol...Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.展开更多
Rewiring and reprogramming of transcriptional regulation took place during bacterial speciation. The mechanistic alterations among tran- scription factors, cis-regulatory elements and target genes confer bacteria nove...Rewiring and reprogramming of transcriptional regulation took place during bacterial speciation. The mechanistic alterations among tran- scription factors, cis-regulatory elements and target genes confer bacteria novel ability to adapt to stochastic environmental changes. This process is critical to their survival, especially for bacterial pathogens subjected to accelerated evolution. In the past two decades, the investigators not only completed the sequences of numerous bacterial genomes, but also made great progress in understanding the molecular basis of evolution. Here we briefly reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanistic changes among orthologous, paralogous and xenogenic regulatory circuits, which were caused by genetic recombinations such as gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, transposable elements and different genetic contexts. We also discussed the potential impact of this area on theoretical and applied studies of microbes.展开更多
The factor in the germline alpha(figla), as a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family, has been reported to be involved in ovary development in mammals and teleosts. However, the regulatory mechanisms of figla in ...The factor in the germline alpha(figla), as a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family, has been reported to be involved in ovary development in mammals and teleosts. However, the regulatory mechanisms of figla in teleosts remain unclear. Here,figla in P. olivaceus(Pofigla) was characterized with encoding a 202 amino acid protein that contains a conserved basic region and helix-loop-helix(HLH) domain. Amino acids alignment and synteny analysis revealed that Pofigla was conserved with the orthologous gene sequences in other vertebrates. The results of qRT-PCR showed Pofigla was maternally inherited during embryonic development. For tissue distribution, Pofigla showed a sexually dimorphic gene expression in the gonad of different genders, with a higher expression in ovary than in testis. In situ hybridization(ISH) results demonstrated Pofigla was specifically expressed in germ cells including oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. By screening and analyzing two proximal regions(-2966/-2126 and-772/-444) with high promoter activity, we found SOX5, LEF1, FOXP1 and GATA1 may play important roles in the transcriptional regulation of Pofigla. Furthermore, we observed the co-localization between Figla and LEF1 in HEK 293T cells. And the significant up-regulation effect of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the expression of Pofigla was found in cultured ovarian cells. This study provided the first evidence that figla not only has an important function in ovary development, but also plays some potential roles in testis development and/or male germ cell differentiation during early testis development in P. olivaceus. The results provide valuable reference in exploring the regulatory network of figla in teleost.展开更多
Self-rooted apple stock is widely used for apple production.However,the shallowness of the adventitious roots in self-rooted apple stock leads to poor performance in the barren orchards of China.This is because of the...Self-rooted apple stock is widely used for apple production.However,the shallowness of the adventitious roots in self-rooted apple stock leads to poor performance in the barren orchards of China.This is because of the considerable difference in the development of a gravitropic set-point angle(GSA)between self-rooted apple stock and seedling rootstock.Therefore,it is crucial to study the molecular mechanism of adventitious root GSA in self-rooted apple stock for breeding self-rooted and deep-rooted apple rootstock cultivars.An apple auxin response factor MdARF19 functioned to establish the adventitious root GSA of self-rooted apple stock in response to gravity and auxin signals.MdARF19 bound directly to the MdPIN7 promoter,activating its transcriptional expression and thus regulating the formation of the adventitious root GSA in 12-2 self-rooted apple stock.However,MdARF19 influenced the expression of auxin efflux carriers(MdPIN3 and MdPIN10)and the establishment of adventitious root GSA of self-rooted apple stock in response to gravity signals by direct activation of MdFLP.Our findings provide new information on the transcriptional regulation of MdPIN7 by auxin response factor MdARF19 in the regulation of the adventitious root GSA of self-rooted apple stock in response to gravity and auxin signals.展开更多
The protein HTRP (human transcription regulator protein) is encoded by the differential gene htrp and induced by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in KMB-17 cells.HTRP was found to interact with SAP30 (mSi...The protein HTRP (human transcription regulator protein) is encoded by the differential gene htrp and induced by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in KMB-17 cells.HTRP was found to interact with SAP30 (mSin3A Association Protein),one of the components of co-repressor complex mSin3A,which is part of the deacetylation transfer enzyme HDAC.To reveal the biological significance of the interaction between HTRP and SAP30,real-time PCR and a dual-luciferase detecting system was used.The results indicate that HTRP could inhibit the transcription of a viral promoter,whose interaction with SAP30 synergistically affects transcriptional inhibition of the viral genes,and is related to HDAC enzyme activity.ChIP experiments demonstrate that HTRP could promote HDAC activity by increasing the deacetylation level of lysine 14 and lysine 9 in histone H3.展开更多
The molecular modifications of Herpes Simplex Virus Type I （HSV-1） proteins represented by acetylation and phosphorylation are essential to its biological functions. The cellular chromatin-remodeling/ assembly is in...The molecular modifications of Herpes Simplex Virus Type I （HSV-1） proteins represented by acetylation and phosphorylation are essential to its biological functions. The cellular chromatin-remodeling/ assembly is involved in HSV-1 associated gene transcriptional regulation in human cells harboring HSV-1 lytic or latent infections. Further investigation on these biological events would provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of HSV-1 viral gene transcriptional regulation展开更多
Using atom force microscopy (AFM), in vitro transcription, PAGE and other experimental technologies, it is observed that, in active genes of mice (Balb/c) nuclear DNA fragments of non-transcriptional state, only regul...Using atom force microscopy (AFM), in vitro transcription, PAGE and other experimental technologies, it is observed that, in active genes of mice (Balb/c) nuclear DNA fragments of non-transcriptional state, only regulation sequences at both ends are associated with scaffold proteins (indissociable proteins) and some transcriptional factors such as complexes (dissociable proteins) made of gene-coding proteins and specific auxiliary small molecules, while there are no combining proteins in intermediate coding sequences. However, in active genes of transcriptional state, both regulation sequences and intermediate coding sequences are associated with active transcriptional factors by non-covalent bonds.This paper shows the prospective application of AFM observation and in vitro transcription in the research on gene expression and regulation. It also offers some theoretical basis for localization of specific genes in human genomes.展开更多
Fruit ripening,which is modulated by the up-and downregulation of numerous genes,is a sophisticated physiological event determining consumer acceptability.While many positive regulators have been known to regulate fru...Fruit ripening,which is modulated by the up-and downregulation of numerous genes,is a sophisticated physiological event determining consumer acceptability.While many positive regulators have been known to regulate fruit ripening,relatively less information is associated with the negative regulators in the process.Here,a negative regulator,MaMADS31,was characterized according to the banana fruit ripening transcriptome,which displayed nuclear localization and inhibitory transactivation activity.MaMADS31 suppresses the transcription of the cell wall modification gene MaPL15 and the ethylene biosynthesis-related gene MaACO13 by directly recognizing the CArG-box element in their promoters.Transient expression of MaMADS31 in banana fruit brought about downregulation of MaPL15 and MaACO13,thereby delaying fruit ripening.Importantly,MaMADS31 interacts with MaBZR2 to synergistically strengthen the transcriptional inhibition of MaPL15 and MaACO13.Overall,MaMADS31-MaBZR2 plays a negative role in fruit ripening by downregulating the MaPL15 and MaACO13 transcription,which provides new insights for innovating approaches for prolonging the postharvest life of horticultural plants.展开更多
In climacteric fruits,the role of ethylene in promoting ripening process and its molecular regulatory mechanisms have been well elucidated.However,research into ethylene's roles in non-climacteric fruits has only ...In climacteric fruits,the role of ethylene in promoting ripening process and its molecular regulatory mechanisms have been well elucidated.However,research into ethylene's roles in non-climacteric fruits has only advanced in recent years,largely because these fruits produce much less ethylene than climacteric fruits.Consequently,reports on its molecular regulatory involvement are still limited.Grape(Vitis vinifera L.),one of the most economically valuable fruits,is regarded as a classical non-climacteric fruit.In this study,an enzyme participating in the last step of ethylene biosynthesis,VvACO1,has been identified as a key enzyme controlling ethylene release in grape fruits(Vitis vinifera‘Jingyan’and‘Red Balado’)using correlation analysis and enzymatic experiments.The transcriptional regulation of VvACO1 was investigated by integrating multiple methods such as DNA pull-down assays,co-expression analysis,dual luciferase reporting system,yeast one-hybrid assays,and transgenic experiments.Our findings revealed that the upregulation of VvACO1 in grape fruits was primarily caused by the removal of transcriptional inhibition.Remarkably,seven transcription factors(TFs)were identified as inhibitors of VvACO1,including VvHY5 from bZIP family,VvWIP2 from C2H2 family,VvBLH1 from Homeobox family,VvAG1 and VvCMB1 from MADS-box family,VvASIL1 and VvASIL2 from Trihelix family.These seven TFs were located in nuclei and exhibited transcriptional inhibition activity.Notably,VvAG1 and VvASIL2 could inhibit VvACO1 expression when overexpressed in grape leaves.Our findings provided theoretical clues for differences of ethylene release regulation between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits,also the identified seven TFs could be potential targets for grape molecular breeding.展开更多
Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors,and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthoc...Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors,and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation,but the functional differences of homologous MYB transcription factors in regulating anthocyanin content are still unclear.In strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 are highly homologous MYB transcription factors localized in the nucleus and can be significantly induced by weak light.However,they differ in their effects on anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits.FaMYB44.1 inhibits anthocyanin synthesis by transcriptionally suppressing FaF3H,which is essential for anthocyanin regulation,in the‘BeniHoppe'and‘JianDe-Hong'strawberry varieties.In contrast,FaMYB44.3 does not affect anthocyanin levels.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 in anthocyanin regulation in strawberry fruits.By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation,this study enhances our understanding of how the interactions between genetic and environmental factors control fruit pigmentation and enhance the nutritional value of the fruit.展开更多
Auxins were the first of the major plant hormones and played key roles in plant growth and development.Auxin triggered gene expression through several mechanisms.The canonical textbook model is that auxin binds to TIR...Auxins were the first of the major plant hormones and played key roles in plant growth and development.Auxin triggered gene expression through several mechanisms.The canonical textbook model is that auxin binds to TIR1/AFB receptors and stabilizes their interaction with Aux/IAA repressors,leading to their ubiquitination and degradation,which results in activation of ARFs transcription factors.The recent study published in Nature by JiíFriml and co-authors updated the view on gene expression regulated by auxin.The role of TIR-produced cAMP was confirmed to be the second messenger in transcriptional auxin signaling.The conclusions raised in this Nature article shift the paradigm about the regulation of plant growth and development by auxin to the modulation of cAMP production and its interaction with candidate targets.展开更多
The compositions and contents of soluble sugars highly determine the flavor and quality of fleshy fruits.In the present study,we found that the overexpression of transcription factor MdWRKY126 localized on the nucleus...The compositions and contents of soluble sugars highly determine the flavor and quality of fleshy fruits.In the present study,we found that the overexpression of transcription factor MdWRKY126 localized on the nucleus enhanced sucrose concentration while decreased fructose and glucose concentration in transgenic apple calli and ripening tomato fruits.To comprehensively understand the effects of the MdWRKY126 on the content of various soluble sugars in apple and tomato fruits,enzyme activities and related essential genes associated with the sugar metabolism and transportation pathway in MdWRKY126-overrexpressed apple and tomato lines were analyzed.The results indicated that the overexpression of MdWRKY126 upregulated sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity and the gene expression levels of SPS and sucrose transporter SUT,which was conducive to a large accumulation of sucrose in fruit cells.Meanwhile,MdWRKY126 overexpression downregulated the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose decomposition including cell wall invertase(CWINV),sucrose synthase(SUSY)and the corresponding gene expressions,as well as inhibited the expression levels of hexose transporter(HTs)and tonoplast sugar transporter(TSTs)that transport hexose into vacuoles,resulting in a reduced hexose level in apple calli and tomato fruit.These findings enrich our understanding of the metabolism and regulation of soluble sugars in apple fruits.展开更多
Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their c...Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes.Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary.This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science,focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs,particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance,metabolic regulation,and plant developmental processes.Advances in genomic technologies,such as transcriptomics,genome editing,and comparative phylogenetics,have considerably enhanced our understanding of MYB-mediated regulatory mechanisms.These tools have facilitated the identification and functional characterization of MYB genes across model and non-model plant species.Key findings underscore the multifaceted roles of MYB TFs in enhancing stress resilience,modulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis,and contributing to yield-related traits,thereby highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.However,critical gaps exist in understanding MYB interactions within complex regulatory networks,particularly in underrepresented plant species and ecological contexts.This review consolidates current knowledge as well as identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the understanding and application of MYB TFs.The insights derived from this study underscore their transformative potential in addressing global challenges including food security and climate resilience through innovative agricultural practices.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)expresses abundant glycolytic enzymes and displays comprehensive glucose metabolism reprogramming.Aldolase A(ALDOA)plays a prominent role in glycolysis;however,little is known about its ro...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)expresses abundant glycolytic enzymes and displays comprehensive glucose metabolism reprogramming.Aldolase A(ALDOA)plays a prominent role in glycolysis;however,little is known about its role in HCC development.In the present study,we aim to explore how ALDOA is involved in HCC proliferation.HCC proliferation was markedly suppressed both in vitro and in vivo following ALDOA knockout,which is consistent with ALDOA overexpression encouraging HCC proliferation.Mechanistically,ALDOA knockout partially limits the glycolytic flux in HCC cells.Meanwhile,ALDOA translocated to nuclei and directly interacted with c-Jun to facilitate its Thr93 phosphorylation by P21-activated protein kinase;ALDOA knockout markedly diminished c-Jun Thr93 phosphorylation and then dampened c-Jun transcription function.A crucial site Y364 mutation in ALDOA disrupted its interaction with c-Jun,and Y364S ALDOA expression failed to rescue cell proliferation in ALDOA deletion cells.In HCC patients,the expression level of ALDOA was correlated with the phosphorylation level of c-Jun(Thr93)and poor prognosis.Remarkably,hepatic ALDOA was significantly upregulated in the promotion and progression stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC models,and the knockdown of Aldoa strikingly decreased HCC development in vivo.Our study demonstrated that ALDOA is a vital driver for HCC development by activating c-Jun-mediated oncogene transcription,opening additional avenues for anti-cancer therapies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872706)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019 YFD1000603).
文摘Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an economically important crop worldwide due to its high content of aroma-producing monoterpenoids,and development of varieties with enhanced flavor and overall quality is a crucial research area.However,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying monoterpenoid synthesis in Z.bungeanum remain unclear,hindering these breeding efforts.In this study,RNA sequencing,gas chromatography–mass spectrometry,and other molecular biology techniques were used to identify the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanisms.Two transcription factors,ZbbHLH2 and ZbERF6,were identified as key regulators of monoterpenoid synthesis in Z.bungeanum that upregulate various monoterpenoid synthesis-associated genes and are novel transcriptional activators of ZbIDI,which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in plant monoterpenoid synthesis.Functional analysis revealed that the expression of three genes[1]modulates monoterpenoid accumulation in Z.bungeanum peel.These findings provide novel insights into the metabolic regulatory network of monoterpenoid synthesis in Z.bungeanum peel,offer potential strategies for the biofortification of specific monoterpenoids,and will promote the development of Z.bungeanum germplasm for targeted breeding and quality improvement.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFD2301000,2022YFD2100102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32302616)+1 种基金Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023QC032)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023CXGC010709).
文摘Chlorogenic acid(CGA),a potent antioxidant with antimicrobial,antiviral,and metabolic regulatory properties,plays multifunctional roles in apple fruit by enhancing postharvest quality,extending shelf life through oxidative stress reduction,and inhibiting enzymatic browning to preserve color,flavor,and nutritional integrity.Despite the established role of hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT)as a rate-limiting enzyme in CGA biosynthesis,the specific HCT gene responsible for this process and its regulatory mechanisms remain elusive.To address this knowledge gap,we systematically investigated CGA accumulation dynamics during apple storage and functionally characterized MdHCT6,a candidate gene within the HCT family.We found that the chlorogenic acid content in apple fruit increased significantly during postharvest storage compared with the initial storage.Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression level of MdHCT6 was significantly higher than that of other HCT homologues,which was consistent with the reverse transcription quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)results.In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that MdHCT6 catalyzes the synthesis of chlorogenic acid using shikimic acid and quinic acid as precursors,while genetic evidence confirmed its role as a key positive regulator of chlorogenic acid accumulation in apples.Furthermore,we identified the transcription factor MdMYB93 as a direct upstream activator of MdHCT6,establishing a regulatory cascade that governs CGA production.This work not only deciphers the molecular hierarchy of CGA biosynthesis in apples but also provides actionable targets for genetic improvement of antioxidant capacity and postharvest resilience in apple germplasm.
基金This work was supported by the National High Technology R&D Project of China (No.2002AA207009) and Wuhan Dawn Project for Youth (No. 20035002016-36).
文摘Northern blot analysis was conducted with mitochondrial RNA from seedling leaves, floral buds, and developing seeds of NCa CMS, maintainer line and fertile F1 using ten mitochondrial genes as probes. The results revealed that 9 out of the 10 mitochondrial genes, except for atp6, showed no difference in different tissues of the corresponding materials of NCα CMS system and that they might be constitutively expressed genes. Eight genes, such as orf139, orf222, atpl, cox1, cox2, cob, rm5S, and rm26S, showed no difference among the three tissues of all the materials detected. So the expression of these eight genes was not regulated by nuclear genes and was not tissue-specific. The transcripts of atp9 were identical among different tissues, but diverse among different materials, indicating that transcription of atp9 was neither controlled by nuclear gene nor tissue-specific. Gene atp6 displayed similar transcripts with the same size among different tissues of all the materials but differed in abundance among tissues of corresponding materials and its expression might be tissue-specific under regulation of nuclear gene. Moreover, three transcripts of orf222 were detected in the floral buds of NCa cms and fertile F1, but no transcript was detected in floral buds of the maintainer line.The transcription of orf139 was similar to that of orf222 but only two transcripts of 0.8 kb and 0.6 kb were produced. The atp9 probe detected a single transcript of 0.6 kb in NCa cms and in maintainer line and an additional transcript of 1.2 kb in fertile F1. The relationship of expression of orf222, orf139, and atp9 with NCa sterility was discussed.
文摘Atherosclerosis is a progressive human pathology that encompasses several stages of development. Endothelial dysfunction represents an early sign of lesion within the vasculature. A number of risk factors for atherosclero- sis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension, target the vascular endothelium by re-programming its transcriptome. These profound alterations taking place on the chromatin rely on the interplay between sequence specific transcription factors and the epigenetic machinery. The epigenetic machinery, in turn, tailor individual transcription events key to atherogenesis to intrinsic and extrinsic insults dictating the development of atheroscle- rotic lesions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the involvement of the epigenetic machinery in endothelial injury during atherogenesis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571757)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2014CB138202)。
文摘Maize(Zea mays L.)is one of the most important food crops in the world,and starch is the main component of its endosperm.Transcriptional regulation plays a vital role in starch biosynthesis.However,it is not well understood in maize.We report the identification of the transcription factor ZmNAC126 and its role in regulation of starch synthesis in maize.Transcriptional expression of ZmNAC126 was higher in maize endosperm and kernels than in roots or stems.ZmNAC126 shared a similar expression pattern with starch synthesis genes during seed development,and its expression pattern was also consistent with the accumulation of starch.ZmNAC126 is a typical transcription factor with a transactivation domain between positions 201 and 227 of the amino acid sequence,is located in the nucleus,and binds to CACG repeats in vitro.Yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that ZmNAC126 bound the promoters of ZmGBSSI,ZmSSIIa,ZmSSIV,ZmISA1,and ZmISA2.Transient overexpression of ZmNAC126 in maize endosperm increased the activities of promoters pZmSh2,pZmBt2,pZmGBSSI,pZmSSIIIa,and pZmBT1 but inhibited the activities of pZmISA1 and pZmISA2.ZmNAC126 thus acts in starch synthesis by transcriptionally regulating targeted starch synthesis-related genes in maize kernels.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund,No.2021A1515011299(to KT)。
文摘Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.BK20201492)the Key Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.K2019002)the Clinical Capacity Improvement Project of Jiangsu Province People's Hospital(Grant No.JSPH-MA-2021-8).
文摘Liquid-liquid phase separation,a novel biochemical phenomenon,has been increasingly studied for its medical applications.It underlies the formation of membrane-less organelles and is involved in many cellular and biological processes.During transcriptional regulation,dynamic condensates are formed through interactions between transcriptional elements,such as transcription factors,coactivators,and mediators.Cancer is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,but the precise mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis often remain to be elucidated.Emerging evidence has linked abnormal transcriptional condensates to several diseases,especially cancer,implying that phase separation plays an important role in tumorigenesis.Condensates formed by phase separation may have an effect on gene transcription in tumors.In the present review,we focus on the correlation between phase separation and transcriptional regulation,as well as how this phenomenon contributes to cancer development.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program(No.2011CB 100700)of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30771401 and 31070081)the Startup Fund from the Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Rewiring and reprogramming of transcriptional regulation took place during bacterial speciation. The mechanistic alterations among tran- scription factors, cis-regulatory elements and target genes confer bacteria novel ability to adapt to stochastic environmental changes. This process is critical to their survival, especially for bacterial pathogens subjected to accelerated evolution. In the past two decades, the investigators not only completed the sequences of numerous bacterial genomes, but also made great progress in understanding the molecular basis of evolution. Here we briefly reviewed the current knowledge on the mechanistic changes among orthologous, paralogous and xenogenic regulatory circuits, which were caused by genetic recombinations such as gene duplication, horizontal gene transfer, transposable elements and different genetic contexts. We also discussed the potential impact of this area on theoretical and applied studies of microbes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFD0901205)
文摘The factor in the germline alpha(figla), as a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family, has been reported to be involved in ovary development in mammals and teleosts. However, the regulatory mechanisms of figla in teleosts remain unclear. Here,figla in P. olivaceus(Pofigla) was characterized with encoding a 202 amino acid protein that contains a conserved basic region and helix-loop-helix(HLH) domain. Amino acids alignment and synteny analysis revealed that Pofigla was conserved with the orthologous gene sequences in other vertebrates. The results of qRT-PCR showed Pofigla was maternally inherited during embryonic development. For tissue distribution, Pofigla showed a sexually dimorphic gene expression in the gonad of different genders, with a higher expression in ovary than in testis. In situ hybridization(ISH) results demonstrated Pofigla was specifically expressed in germ cells including oocytes, spermatogonia and spermatocytes. By screening and analyzing two proximal regions(-2966/-2126 and-772/-444) with high promoter activity, we found SOX5, LEF1, FOXP1 and GATA1 may play important roles in the transcriptional regulation of Pofigla. Furthermore, we observed the co-localization between Figla and LEF1 in HEK 293T cells. And the significant up-regulation effect of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway on the expression of Pofigla was found in cultured ovarian cells. This study provided the first evidence that figla not only has an important function in ovary development, but also plays some potential roles in testis development and/or male germ cell differentiation during early testis development in P. olivaceus. The results provide valuable reference in exploring the regulatory network of figla in teleost.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102310,32202484,and 32072520)the Shandong Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant Nos.2021LZGC007 and 2022TZXD009).
文摘Self-rooted apple stock is widely used for apple production.However,the shallowness of the adventitious roots in self-rooted apple stock leads to poor performance in the barren orchards of China.This is because of the considerable difference in the development of a gravitropic set-point angle(GSA)between self-rooted apple stock and seedling rootstock.Therefore,it is crucial to study the molecular mechanism of adventitious root GSA in self-rooted apple stock for breeding self-rooted and deep-rooted apple rootstock cultivars.An apple auxin response factor MdARF19 functioned to establish the adventitious root GSA of self-rooted apple stock in response to gravity and auxin signals.MdARF19 bound directly to the MdPIN7 promoter,activating its transcriptional expression and thus regulating the formation of the adventitious root GSA in 12-2 self-rooted apple stock.However,MdARF19 influenced the expression of auxin efflux carriers(MdPIN3 and MdPIN10)and the establishment of adventitious root GSA of self-rooted apple stock in response to gravity signals by direct activation of MdFLP.Our findings provide new information on the transcriptional regulation of MdPIN7 by auxin response factor MdARF19 in the regulation of the adventitious root GSA of self-rooted apple stock in response to gravity and auxin signals.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670094)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (20060023008)
文摘The protein HTRP (human transcription regulator protein) is encoded by the differential gene htrp and induced by Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in KMB-17 cells.HTRP was found to interact with SAP30 (mSin3A Association Protein),one of the components of co-repressor complex mSin3A,which is part of the deacetylation transfer enzyme HDAC.To reveal the biological significance of the interaction between HTRP and SAP30,real-time PCR and a dual-luciferase detecting system was used.The results indicate that HTRP could inhibit the transcription of a viral promoter,whose interaction with SAP30 synergistically affects transcriptional inhibition of the viral genes,and is related to HDAC enzyme activity.ChIP experiments demonstrate that HTRP could promote HDAC activity by increasing the deacetylation level of lysine 14 and lysine 9 in histone H3.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670094,30700028)
文摘The molecular modifications of Herpes Simplex Virus Type I （HSV-1） proteins represented by acetylation and phosphorylation are essential to its biological functions. The cellular chromatin-remodeling/ assembly is involved in HSV-1 associated gene transcriptional regulation in human cells harboring HSV-1 lytic or latent infections. Further investigation on these biological events would provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of HSV-1 viral gene transcriptional regulation
文摘Using atom force microscopy (AFM), in vitro transcription, PAGE and other experimental technologies, it is observed that, in active genes of mice (Balb/c) nuclear DNA fragments of non-transcriptional state, only regulation sequences at both ends are associated with scaffold proteins (indissociable proteins) and some transcriptional factors such as complexes (dissociable proteins) made of gene-coding proteins and specific auxiliary small molecules, while there are no combining proteins in intermediate coding sequences. However, in active genes of transcriptional state, both regulation sequences and intermediate coding sequences are associated with active transcriptional factors by non-covalent bonds.This paper shows the prospective application of AFM observation and in vitro transcription in the research on gene expression and regulation. It also offers some theoretical basis for localization of specific genes in human genomes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD2100102)China Agriculture Research System of Ministry of Finance(MOF)and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(MARA)(Grant No.CARS-31)。
文摘Fruit ripening,which is modulated by the up-and downregulation of numerous genes,is a sophisticated physiological event determining consumer acceptability.While many positive regulators have been known to regulate fruit ripening,relatively less information is associated with the negative regulators in the process.Here,a negative regulator,MaMADS31,was characterized according to the banana fruit ripening transcriptome,which displayed nuclear localization and inhibitory transactivation activity.MaMADS31 suppresses the transcription of the cell wall modification gene MaPL15 and the ethylene biosynthesis-related gene MaACO13 by directly recognizing the CArG-box element in their promoters.Transient expression of MaMADS31 in banana fruit brought about downregulation of MaPL15 and MaACO13,thereby delaying fruit ripening.Importantly,MaMADS31 interacts with MaBZR2 to synergistically strengthen the transcriptional inhibition of MaPL15 and MaACO13.Overall,MaMADS31-MaBZR2 plays a negative role in fruit ripening by downregulating the MaPL15 and MaACO13 transcription,which provides new insights for innovating approaches for prolonging the postharvest life of horticultural plants.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32025032 and 32202415)the Agricultural Breeding Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.NXNYYZ20210104)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0116400).
文摘In climacteric fruits,the role of ethylene in promoting ripening process and its molecular regulatory mechanisms have been well elucidated.However,research into ethylene's roles in non-climacteric fruits has only advanced in recent years,largely because these fruits produce much less ethylene than climacteric fruits.Consequently,reports on its molecular regulatory involvement are still limited.Grape(Vitis vinifera L.),one of the most economically valuable fruits,is regarded as a classical non-climacteric fruit.In this study,an enzyme participating in the last step of ethylene biosynthesis,VvACO1,has been identified as a key enzyme controlling ethylene release in grape fruits(Vitis vinifera‘Jingyan’and‘Red Balado’)using correlation analysis and enzymatic experiments.The transcriptional regulation of VvACO1 was investigated by integrating multiple methods such as DNA pull-down assays,co-expression analysis,dual luciferase reporting system,yeast one-hybrid assays,and transgenic experiments.Our findings revealed that the upregulation of VvACO1 in grape fruits was primarily caused by the removal of transcriptional inhibition.Remarkably,seven transcription factors(TFs)were identified as inhibitors of VvACO1,including VvHY5 from bZIP family,VvWIP2 from C2H2 family,VvBLH1 from Homeobox family,VvAG1 and VvCMB1 from MADS-box family,VvASIL1 and VvASIL2 from Trihelix family.These seven TFs were located in nuclei and exhibited transcriptional inhibition activity.Notably,VvAG1 and VvASIL2 could inhibit VvACO1 expression when overexpressed in grape leaves.Our findings provided theoretical clues for differences of ethylene release regulation between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits,also the identified seven TFs could be potential targets for grape molecular breeding.
基金sponsored by the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory Grant,China(ZSBBL-KY2023-08)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20230572)the Basic Sciences(Natural Sciences)Research Project in Universities of Jiangsu Province,China(23KJB210015)。
文摘Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments responsible for vibrant fruit and flower colors,and they also play key roles in both plant physiology and human health.MYB transcription factors are crucial regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation,but the functional differences of homologous MYB transcription factors in regulating anthocyanin content are still unclear.In strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa),FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 are highly homologous MYB transcription factors localized in the nucleus and can be significantly induced by weak light.However,they differ in their effects on anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits.FaMYB44.1 inhibits anthocyanin synthesis by transcriptionally suppressing FaF3H,which is essential for anthocyanin regulation,in the‘BeniHoppe'and‘JianDe-Hong'strawberry varieties.In contrast,FaMYB44.3 does not affect anthocyanin levels.This study provides a comprehensive overview of the roles of FaMYB44.1 and FaMYB44.3 in anthocyanin regulation in strawberry fruits.By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying their regulation,this study enhances our understanding of how the interactions between genetic and environmental factors control fruit pigmentation and enhance the nutritional value of the fruit.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0102300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470578)to Chunli Chen+1 种基金the funding support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Program No.2662023LXPY003)to Sisi LiuDr.Junli Liu from Durham University for his reviewing on the manuscript.
文摘Auxins were the first of the major plant hormones and played key roles in plant growth and development.Auxin triggered gene expression through several mechanisms.The canonical textbook model is that auxin binds to TIR1/AFB receptors and stabilizes their interaction with Aux/IAA repressors,leading to their ubiquitination and degradation,which results in activation of ARFs transcription factors.The recent study published in Nature by JiíFriml and co-authors updated the view on gene expression regulated by auxin.The role of TIR-produced cAMP was confirmed to be the second messenger in transcriptional auxin signaling.The conclusions raised in this Nature article shift the paradigm about the regulation of plant growth and development by auxin to the modulation of cAMP production and its interaction with candidate targets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32172521)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.YQ2023C006)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023MD744175)the Talent Introduction Programof Northeast Agricultural University of China,and the Collaborative Innovation System of the Agricultural Bioeconomy in Heilongjiang Province,China.
文摘The compositions and contents of soluble sugars highly determine the flavor and quality of fleshy fruits.In the present study,we found that the overexpression of transcription factor MdWRKY126 localized on the nucleus enhanced sucrose concentration while decreased fructose and glucose concentration in transgenic apple calli and ripening tomato fruits.To comprehensively understand the effects of the MdWRKY126 on the content of various soluble sugars in apple and tomato fruits,enzyme activities and related essential genes associated with the sugar metabolism and transportation pathway in MdWRKY126-overrexpressed apple and tomato lines were analyzed.The results indicated that the overexpression of MdWRKY126 upregulated sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)activity and the gene expression levels of SPS and sucrose transporter SUT,which was conducive to a large accumulation of sucrose in fruit cells.Meanwhile,MdWRKY126 overexpression downregulated the activity of enzymes involved in sucrose decomposition including cell wall invertase(CWINV),sucrose synthase(SUSY)and the corresponding gene expressions,as well as inhibited the expression levels of hexose transporter(HTs)and tonoplast sugar transporter(TSTs)that transport hexose into vacuoles,resulting in a reduced hexose level in apple calli and tomato fruit.These findings enrich our understanding of the metabolism and regulation of soluble sugars in apple fruits.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(Grant No.FRGS/1/2023/STG03/UM/02/2)Universiti Malaya RU Grant(RU002-2025B).
文摘Myeloblastosis(MYB)transcription factors(TFs)are evolutionarily conserved regulatory proteins that are crucial for plantgrowth,development,secondarymetabolism,andstress adaptation.Recent studieshavehighlighted their crucial role in coordinating growth–defense trade-offs through transcriptional regulation of key biosynthetic and stress-response genes.Despite extensive functional characterization in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana,systematically evaluating the broader functional landscape of MYB TFs across diverse species and contexts remains necessary.This systematic review integrates results from 24 peer-reviewed studies sourced from Scopus and Web of Science,focusing on the functional diversity of MYB TFs,particularly in relation to abiotic stress tolerance,metabolic regulation,and plant developmental processes.Advances in genomic technologies,such as transcriptomics,genome editing,and comparative phylogenetics,have considerably enhanced our understanding of MYB-mediated regulatory mechanisms.These tools have facilitated the identification and functional characterization of MYB genes across model and non-model plant species.Key findings underscore the multifaceted roles of MYB TFs in enhancing stress resilience,modulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis,and contributing to yield-related traits,thereby highlighting their potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.However,critical gaps exist in understanding MYB interactions within complex regulatory networks,particularly in underrepresented plant species and ecological contexts.This review consolidates current knowledge as well as identifies research gaps and proposes future directions to advance the understanding and application of MYB TFs.The insights derived from this study underscore their transformative potential in addressing global challenges including food security and climate resilience through innovative agricultural practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81473329)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.:2023-JC-JQ-61)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Province in China(Grant No.:2022YWZX-PG-01)the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant Nos.:2019-GJ-JC012,2021-04-ZZ-001,2021-QYPT-003,and 2022-SLRH-YQ-004).
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)expresses abundant glycolytic enzymes and displays comprehensive glucose metabolism reprogramming.Aldolase A(ALDOA)plays a prominent role in glycolysis;however,little is known about its role in HCC development.In the present study,we aim to explore how ALDOA is involved in HCC proliferation.HCC proliferation was markedly suppressed both in vitro and in vivo following ALDOA knockout,which is consistent with ALDOA overexpression encouraging HCC proliferation.Mechanistically,ALDOA knockout partially limits the glycolytic flux in HCC cells.Meanwhile,ALDOA translocated to nuclei and directly interacted with c-Jun to facilitate its Thr93 phosphorylation by P21-activated protein kinase;ALDOA knockout markedly diminished c-Jun Thr93 phosphorylation and then dampened c-Jun transcription function.A crucial site Y364 mutation in ALDOA disrupted its interaction with c-Jun,and Y364S ALDOA expression failed to rescue cell proliferation in ALDOA deletion cells.In HCC patients,the expression level of ALDOA was correlated with the phosphorylation level of c-Jun(Thr93)and poor prognosis.Remarkably,hepatic ALDOA was significantly upregulated in the promotion and progression stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC models,and the knockdown of Aldoa strikingly decreased HCC development in vivo.Our study demonstrated that ALDOA is a vital driver for HCC development by activating c-Jun-mediated oncogene transcription,opening additional avenues for anti-cancer therapies.
