Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio ac...Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,...The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.展开更多
Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges...Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).展开更多
Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the im...Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.展开更多
A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforat...A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforation can release part of the in-plane thermal expansion to weaken the softening effect of thermal stress.Introducing precurved components to the perforated structure will stop the decrement of the bandgap frequency in thermal environment,and even make the frequency higher with appropriate structural parameters.The bending stiffness of the heated plate is enhanced by the thermal deflection induced stiffening effect of the pre-curved components.The segmented pre-curved component presents a strong ability to resist the thermal influence on the flexural wave bandgap.A simplified model is established for the local structure of the precurved component.The theoretical calculations explain the thermally induced frequency increment of the bandgap and the discrepancy in the thermal response between the two pre-curved models.The transmittance of flexural wave validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the She...Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.展开更多
Global grassland degradation necessitates the identification of sustainable grazing management strategies.In semi-arid regions,grazing exclusion(GE),cold-season grazing(CG),and free grazing(FG)represent common practic...Global grassland degradation necessitates the identification of sustainable grazing management strategies.In semi-arid regions,grazing exclusion(GE),cold-season grazing(CG),and free grazing(FG)represent common practices in grassland ecosystems,yet the long-term ecological consequences of these patterns on plant community structure and soil aggregate stability remain inadequately elucidated.In this study,we evaluated the effects of GE,CG,and FG on soil organic carbon,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil aggregates,and vegetation indicators in Xilamuren steppe,a semi-arid grassland in northern China through field sampling and laboratory analyses in 2024.Our findings revealed that,compared to CG and FG,GE significantly enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass,species diversity,and soil physical-chemical properties in the 0–30 cm layer.The dominant plant species in GE and CG sites were Stipa krylovii,Leymus chinensis,and Agropyron cristatum,whereas Stipa krylovii,Artemisia frigida,and Leymus chinensis were predominant in FG site.Different grazing patterns led to distinct soil aggregate distributions,with>2.00 and<0.25 mm aggregates exhibiting the highest content in different soil layers depending on the grazing patterns.All grazing management strategies significantly improved soil aggregate stability,with the overall stability following the order:GE>CG>FG.Furthermore,random forest modeling identified plant species diversity,plant growth traits,and grazing patterns as the primary determinants of soil aggregate stability.Collectively,these results offer valuable insights into the sustainable management and ecological restoration of semi-arid grasslands under different grazing pressures.展开更多
Enamel,the inorganic tissue covering the crowns of teeth,is known for its remarkable resilience and hardness.These properties originate from its high proportion of mineralized matrix and complex internal microarchitec...Enamel,the inorganic tissue covering the crowns of teeth,is known for its remarkable resilience and hardness.These properties originate from its high proportion of mineralized matrix and complex internal microarchitecture.On an ultrastructural level,it consists of directionally arranged enamel prisms.Continuously growing rodent incisors are an exemplary case of this phenomenon.Their enamel has a consistent decussation pattern,providing teeth with extremely high resistance and ensuring they remain constantly sharp.While the decussation pattern has been described in detail,mechanisms behind its formation have not been experimentally proven.Here,we show that the highly organized enamel micropattern is generated by directional epithelial sliding of enamel-forming ameloblasts in vivo.Our results detail how enamel micropatterning stems from individual cell cluster segregation and subsequent reciprocal interweaving.Based on this determination,we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a new model of enamel decussation pattern formation.展开更多
Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of mineral...Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.展开更多
Frequent pattern mining discovers sets of items that frequently appear together in a transactional database; these can serve valuable economic and research purposes. However, if the database contains sensitive data （...Frequent pattern mining discovers sets of items that frequently appear together in a transactional database; these can serve valuable economic and research purposes. However, if the database contains sensitive data （e.g., user behavior records, electronic health records）, directly releas- ing the discovered frequent patterns with support counts will carry significant risk to the privacy of individuals. In this pa- per, we study the problem of how to accurately find the top-k frequent patterns with noisy support counts on transactional databases while satisfying differential privacy. We propose an algorithm, called differentially private frequent pattern （DFP- Growth）, that integrates a Laplace mechanism and an expo- nential mechanism to avoid privacy leakage. We theoretically prove that the proposed method is （λ, δ）-useful and differ- entially private. To boost the accuracy of the returned noisy support counts, we take consistency constraints into account to conduct constrained inference in the post-processing step. Extensive experiments, using several real datasets, confirm that our algorithm generates highly accurate noisy support counts and top-k frequent patterns.展开更多
The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and...The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and mixed reality applications.Alongside the controlled synthesis of high-performance QDs,a reliable QD patterning technology is crucial in overcoming this challenge.Among the various methods available,photolithography-based patterning technologies show great potentials in producing ultra-fine QD patterns at micron scale.This review article presents the recent advancements in the field of QD patterning using photolithography techniques and explores their applications in micro-display technology.Firstly,we discuss QD patterning through photolithography techniques employing photoresist(PR),which falls into two categories:PRassisted photolithography and photolithography of QDPR.Subsequently,direct photolithography techniques based on photo-induced crosslinking of photosensitive groups and photo-induced ligand cleavage mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed.Meanwhile,we assess the performance of QD arrays fabricated using these photolithography techniques and their integration into QD light emitting diode display devices as well as color conversionbased micro light emitting diode display devices.Lastly,we summarize the most recent developments in this field and outline future prospects.展开更多
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examine...Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province (2022ZX02C13)。
文摘Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4501200),National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332018)Science and Technology Program(2024NSFTD0031,2024YFHZ0339 and 2025ZNSFSC0497).
文摘The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(RCEECA),the construction and joint research for the China-Tajikistan“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use(2024YFE0214200)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Partnership and International Technology Cooperation Plan of Science and Technology Projects(2023E01018,2025E01056)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(2024VBC0006).
文摘Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971256)。
文摘Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102321 and 52192633)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2025JCYBMS-050)。
文摘A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforation can release part of the in-plane thermal expansion to weaken the softening effect of thermal stress.Introducing precurved components to the perforated structure will stop the decrement of the bandgap frequency in thermal environment,and even make the frequency higher with appropriate structural parameters.The bending stiffness of the heated plate is enhanced by the thermal deflection induced stiffening effect of the pre-curved components.The segmented pre-curved component presents a strong ability to resist the thermal influence on the flexural wave bandgap.A simplified model is established for the local structure of the precurved component.The theoretical calculations explain the thermally induced frequency increment of the bandgap and the discrepancy in the thermal response between the two pre-curved models.The transmittance of flexural wave validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.India,under grant No.BT/Coord.II/10/02/2016/22.03.2018the Indian Council of Social Science Research,New Delhi,India,for providing a short-term doctoral fellowship(RFD/Short-Term/2022-23/ENV/ST/66).
文摘Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1306305)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Project(2025QN03106)+1 种基金the Research Start-up Project for the Introduction of High-level and Outstanding Doctoral Talent at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(NDYB2024-42)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201012).
文摘Global grassland degradation necessitates the identification of sustainable grazing management strategies.In semi-arid regions,grazing exclusion(GE),cold-season grazing(CG),and free grazing(FG)represent common practices in grassland ecosystems,yet the long-term ecological consequences of these patterns on plant community structure and soil aggregate stability remain inadequately elucidated.In this study,we evaluated the effects of GE,CG,and FG on soil organic carbon,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil aggregates,and vegetation indicators in Xilamuren steppe,a semi-arid grassland in northern China through field sampling and laboratory analyses in 2024.Our findings revealed that,compared to CG and FG,GE significantly enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass,species diversity,and soil physical-chemical properties in the 0–30 cm layer.The dominant plant species in GE and CG sites were Stipa krylovii,Leymus chinensis,and Agropyron cristatum,whereas Stipa krylovii,Artemisia frigida,and Leymus chinensis were predominant in FG site.Different grazing patterns led to distinct soil aggregate distributions,with>2.00 and<0.25 mm aggregates exhibiting the highest content in different soil layers depending on the grazing patterns.All grazing management strategies significantly improved soil aggregate stability,with the overall stability following the order:GE>CG>FG.Furthermore,random forest modeling identified plant species diversity,plant growth traits,and grazing patterns as the primary determinants of soil aggregate stability.Collectively,these results offer valuable insights into the sustainable management and ecological restoration of semi-arid grasslands under different grazing pressures.
基金supported by the Czech Science Foundation (23-06160S)by the Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University (MUNI/A/1738/2024)。
文摘Enamel,the inorganic tissue covering the crowns of teeth,is known for its remarkable resilience and hardness.These properties originate from its high proportion of mineralized matrix and complex internal microarchitecture.On an ultrastructural level,it consists of directionally arranged enamel prisms.Continuously growing rodent incisors are an exemplary case of this phenomenon.Their enamel has a consistent decussation pattern,providing teeth with extremely high resistance and ensuring they remain constantly sharp.While the decussation pattern has been described in detail,mechanisms behind its formation have not been experimentally proven.Here,we show that the highly organized enamel micropattern is generated by directional epithelial sliding of enamel-forming ameloblasts in vivo.Our results detail how enamel micropatterning stems from individual cell cluster segregation and subsequent reciprocal interweaving.Based on this determination,we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a new model of enamel decussation pattern formation.
基金funded by geological survey project of China Geological Survey(DD20211404)。
文摘Mineral resources in Asia continent and its mining industry play a significant role in the economic growth and industrialization of both Asia and the world.Asia continent boasts the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,with reserves of at least 38 of over 80 widely used minerals worldwide accounting for more than30%of the global total reserves.Asia continent experienced three main tectonic evolution and mineralization stages:The Precambrian,the Paleozoic,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic.The abundant mineral resources in this continent can be divided into seven first-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic domains),18 second-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic provinces),61 third-order metallogenic belts(metallogenic zones),and nine main minerogenetic series.Asia continent exhibits the most significant metallogenic specialization among all continents.Specifically,granite belts of Asia continent manifest pronounced metallogenic specialization of tin,rare metals,and porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits.Its maficultramafic rock belts and ophiolite belts display notable metallogenic specialization of lateritic nickel deposits and magmatic type chromite deposits,while its Mesozoic to Cenozoic basalt belts show remarkable metallogenic specialization of lateritic bauxite deposits.Consequently,many giant metallogenic belts were formed,including the Southeast Asian tin belt,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau rare metal metallogenic belt,the Tethyan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the circum-Pacific porphyry Cu-Au-Mo metallogenic belt,the Southeast Asian lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt,the Deccan Plateau lateritic bauxite metallogenic belt in India,the Southeast Asian lateritic nickel metallogenic belt,and the Tethyan magmatic type chromite metallogenic belt—all of which are significant metallogenic belts in Asia continent.Future mineral exploration in Asia should focus primarily on the Precambrian mineralization of ancient cratons,the Paleozoic mineralization of the Central Asian-Mongolian orogenic belt,and the Mesozoic to Cenozoic mineralization of the Tethyan and circum-Pacific mobile belts.Asia's mining industry not only underpins its own economic growth but also propels global economic development and industrialization,contributing significantly to the world economy.Asia boasts the highest production value of minerals,the largest annual production of minerals,and the greatest trade value of mineral products among all the continents,having emerged as the trade center of global mineral products and the center of the mining industry economy.China is identified as one of the few countries that possess the most comprehensive kinds of minerals,and its mining industry has supported and driven the economic development and industrialization of Asia and even the world.Standing as the largest mineral producer worldwide,China ranked first in the production of 28 mineral commodities in the world in 2022.Besides,China exhibits the highest annual production value of minerals and the largest trade value of mineral products among all countries.Therefore,China's demand for global mineral products influences the global supply and demand patterns of minerals and the world economic situation.
基金This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61379050, 91224008）, the National 863 High-tech Program （2013AA013204）, Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education（20130004130001）
文摘Frequent pattern mining discovers sets of items that frequently appear together in a transactional database; these can serve valuable economic and research purposes. However, if the database contains sensitive data （e.g., user behavior records, electronic health records）, directly releas- ing the discovered frequent patterns with support counts will carry significant risk to the privacy of individuals. In this pa- per, we study the problem of how to accurately find the top-k frequent patterns with noisy support counts on transactional databases while satisfying differential privacy. We propose an algorithm, called differentially private frequent pattern （DFP- Growth）, that integrates a Laplace mechanism and an expo- nential mechanism to avoid privacy leakage. We theoretically prove that the proposed method is （λ, δ）-useful and differ- entially private. To boost the accuracy of the returned noisy support counts, we take consistency constraints into account to conduct constrained inference in the post-processing step. Extensive experiments, using several real datasets, confirm that our algorithm generates highly accurate noisy support counts and top-k frequent patterns.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374142,12175189 and 11904302)External Cooperation Program of Fujian(2022I0004)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720190005 and 20720220085)Major Science and Technology Project of Xiamen in China(3502Z20191015).
文摘The preparation of red,green,and blue quantum dot(QD)pixelated arrays with high precision,resolution,and brightness poses a significant challenge on the development of advanced micro-displays for virtual,augmented,and mixed reality applications.Alongside the controlled synthesis of high-performance QDs,a reliable QD patterning technology is crucial in overcoming this challenge.Among the various methods available,photolithography-based patterning technologies show great potentials in producing ultra-fine QD patterns at micron scale.This review article presents the recent advancements in the field of QD patterning using photolithography techniques and explores their applications in micro-display technology.Firstly,we discuss QD patterning through photolithography techniques employing photoresist(PR),which falls into two categories:PRassisted photolithography and photolithography of QDPR.Subsequently,direct photolithography techniques based on photo-induced crosslinking of photosensitive groups and photo-induced ligand cleavage mechanisms are thoroughly reviewed.Meanwhile,we assess the performance of QD arrays fabricated using these photolithography techniques and their integration into QD light emitting diode display devices as well as color conversionbased micro light emitting diode display devices.Lastly,we summarize the most recent developments in this field and outline future prospects.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research project (No.2020B0301030004)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B1111360003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42105103)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2022A1515011554).
文摘Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
