During radiotherapy to kill femoral hydatid tapeworms, the sciatic nerve surrounding the focus can be easily damaged by the treatment. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the effects of ra- diotherapy on the surrou...During radiotherapy to kill femoral hydatid tapeworms, the sciatic nerve surrounding the focus can be easily damaged by the treatment. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the effects of ra- diotherapy on the surrounding nervous tissue. In the present study, we used three-dimensional, conformal, intensity-modulated radiation therapy to treat bilateral femoral hydatid disease in Meriones meridiani. The focus of the hydatid disease on the left femur was subiected to radio- therapy （40 Gy） for 14 days, and the right femur received sham irradiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling assays on the left femurs showed that the left sciatic nerve cell structure was normal, with no ob- vious apoptosis after radiation. Trypan blue staining demonstrated that the overall protoscolex structure in bone parasitized with Echinococcus granulosus disappeared in the left femur of the animals after treatment. The mortality of the protoscolex was higher in the left side than in the right side. The succinate dehydrogenase activity in the protoscolex in bone parasitized with Echi- nococcus granulosus was lower in the left femur than in the right femur. These results suggest that three-dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiation therapy achieves good therapeutic effects on the secondary bone in hydatid disease in Meriones meridiani without damaging the morphology or function of the sciatic nerve.展开更多
This article addresses the three-dimensional stretched flow of the Jeffrey fluid with thermal radiation. The thermal conductivity of the fluid varies linearly with respect to temperature. Computations are performed fo...This article addresses the three-dimensional stretched flow of the Jeffrey fluid with thermal radiation. The thermal conductivity of the fluid varies linearly with respect to temperature. Computations are performed for the velocity and temperature fields. Graphs for the velocity and temperature are plotted to examine the behaviors with different parameters. Numerical values of the local Nusselt number are presented and discussed. The present results are compared with the existing limiting solutions, showing good agreement with each other.展开更多
Seismic waves generated in elastic media by ellipsoidal cavities driven by low frequency pressure can be solved by Eshelby′s method. In this paper we prove that this method, originally presented for elastostatic elli...Seismic waves generated in elastic media by ellipsoidal cavities driven by low frequency pressure can be solved by Eshelby′s method. In this paper we prove that this method, originally presented for elastostatic ellipsoidal inclusion problems, can also be applied to dynamic problems on the assumption that wavelengths are much longer than the dimensions of cavities. Comparison between the approximate solution for spherical cavities and its relevant precise solution shows that this method may be used for radii of cavities smaller than 100 m and for frequencies below 10 Hz. By this approach we show that, for low frequency seismic waves in the far field an explosive load on an ellipsoidal cavity can be equivalent to three dipoles oriented along the principal axes of that cavity. Seismic radiation patterns are given analytically and results thus obtained show that an explosion detonated in an ellipsoidal cavity may radiate significant S waves.展开更多
A theoretical analysis of three-dimensional Couette flow with radiation effect on temperature distribution has been analysed, when the injection of the fluid at the lower stationary plate is a transverse sinusoidat on...A theoretical analysis of three-dimensional Couette flow with radiation effect on temperature distribution has been analysed, when the injection of the fluid at the lower stationary plate is a transverse sinusoidat one and its corresponding removal by constant suction through the upper porous plate is in uniform motion. Due to this type of injection velocity, the flow becomes three-dimensional. The effect of Prandtl number, radiation parameter and injection parameter on rate of heat transfer has been examined by the help of graphs. The Prandtl number has a much greater effect on the.temperature distribution than the injection or radiation parameter.展开更多
The shortcoming of Wi-Fi networks is that one user can access the router at a time.This drawback limits the system throughput and delay.This paper proposes a concept of Simultaneously Different Tx/Rx(SDTR)radiation pa...The shortcoming of Wi-Fi networks is that one user can access the router at a time.This drawback limits the system throughput and delay.This paper proposes a concept of Simultaneously Different Tx/Rx(SDTR)radiation patterns with only one antenna set at the router.Furthermore,these two patterns have to be simultaneously operated at the same time so that the system delay can be eased.An omni-directional pattern is employed at router for receiving mode so that the router can sense carrier signal from all directions.At the same time,the router launches a directional beam pointed to another user.A proposed circuit allows these two modes to be able to operate the same time.To evaluate the SDTR concept,a prototype is constructed for testing in real circumstance comparing to computer simulation.As a result,the SDTR concept can improve the system throughput while decreasing the system delay comparing to conventional system.展开更多
Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall intensity.Howev...Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall intensity.However,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further investigation.To address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding soil.Three series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall duration.Four rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the slope.The computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return period.The extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatme...BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.展开更多
The anatomic relationship of oral and maxillofacial region is very com-plex,due to the large number of sinuses,cavities and spaces,and also closely related to the brain.The diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions ...The anatomic relationship of oral and maxillofacial region is very com-plex,due to the large number of sinuses,cavities and spaces,and also closely related to the brain.The diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions usually depends on the imaging examination.The conventional imaging methods are common CT and X-ray plain films.In recent years,with the rapid development of medical science and technology,more intuitive and vivid three-dimensional images have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases.Therefore,CT three-dimensional imaging technology has been widely used in clinical practice.This paper reviews this topic.展开更多
Through the introduction of disaster situation of Qiang Culture after Wenchuan Earthquake, the paper emphasized that carriers of Qiang Culture had been seriously damaged, the inheritance of Qiang Culture had been affe...Through the introduction of disaster situation of Qiang Culture after Wenchuan Earthquake, the paper emphasized that carriers of Qiang Culture had been seriously damaged, the inheritance of Qiang Culture had been affected, and the environment for Qiang Culture was difficult to recover. It highlighted that three-dimensional reconstruction of Qiang Culture should stress the core task and timely and effectively rescue endangered cultural heritages of Qiang Nationality from the perspectives of material and spiritual life. It had explained focuses of three-dimensional pattern construction in detail. In terms of spatial reconstruction, it should reconstruct native culture and history while material culture was constructed, and reconstruct Qiang culture highland by depending on aborigines; in terms of cluster reconstruction, it should give support to large tourism enterprises and perfect tourism chain; in terms of ecological reconstruction, it should enhance construction and demonstration of "ecological protection pilot area of Qiang culture"; in terms of development reconstruction, it should realize coordinated unity between protection and development according to classification protection, characteristic protection and key protection, so as to form the virtuous circle of post-disaster recovery protection and sustainable development.展开更多
An automatic three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction method based on four-view stereo vision using checkerboard pattern is presented. Mismatches easily exist in traditional binocular stereo matching due to the repeatable...An automatic three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction method based on four-view stereo vision using checkerboard pattern is presented. Mismatches easily exist in traditional binocular stereo matching due to the repeatable or similar features of binocular images. In order to reduce the probability of mismatching and improve the measure precision, a four-camera measurement system which can add extra matching constraints and offer multiple measurements is applied in this work. Moreover, a series of different checkerboard patterns are projected onto the object to obtain dense feature points and remove mismatched points. Finally, the 3D model is generated by performing Delaunay triangulation and texture mapping on the point cloud obtained by four-view matching. This method was tested on the 3D reconstruction of a terracotta soldier sculpture and the Buddhas in the Mogao Grottoes. Their point clouds without mismatched points were obtained and less processing time was consumed in most cases relative to binocular matching. These good reconstructed models show the effectiveness of the method.展开更多
Propagation of the surface waves along a two-dimensional plasma column and the far-field radiation patterns are studied in thin column approximation. Wave phase and attenuation coefficients are calculated for various ...Propagation of the surface waves along a two-dimensional plasma column and the far-field radiation patterns are studied in thin column approximation. Wave phase and attenuation coefficients are calculated for various plasma parameters. The radiation patterns are shown. Results show that the radiation patterns are controllable by flexibly changing the plasma length and other parameters in comparison to the metal monopole antenna. It is meaningful and instructional for the optimization of the plasma antenna design.展开更多
Some compensation methods have been pro- posed to mitigate the degradation of radiation characteris- tics caused by composite material radomes, however most of them are complex and not applicable for large radomes, fo...Some compensation methods have been pro- posed to mitigate the degradation of radiation characteris- tics caused by composite material radomes, however most of them are complex and not applicable for large radomes, for example, the modification of geometric shape by grinding process. A novel and simple compensation strat- egy based on phase modification is proposed for large reflector antenna-radome systems. Through moving the feed or sub-reflector along axial direction opportunely, the modification of phase distribution in the original aperture of an enclosed reflector antenna can be used to reduce the phase shift caused by composite material radomes. The distortion of far-field pattern can be minimized. The modification formulas are proposed, and the limitation of their application is also discussed. Numerical simulations for a one-piece composite materials sandwich radome and a 40 m multipartite composite materials sandwich radome verify that the novel compensation strategy achieves sat- isfactory compensated results, and improves the distortion of the far-field pattern for the composite material radomes. For one-piece dielectric radome, more than 60% phasedifference caused by radome is reduced. For multipartite radome, the sidelobe level improves about 1.2 dB, the nulling depth improves about 3 dB. The improvement of far-field pattern could be obtained effectively and simply by moving the feed or sub-reflector according to phase shift of the radome.展开更多
The acoustic wave propagation from a two-dimensional subwavelength slit surrounded by metal plates decorated with Helmholtz resonators （HRs） is investigated both numerically and experimentally in this work. Owing to...The acoustic wave propagation from a two-dimensional subwavelength slit surrounded by metal plates decorated with Helmholtz resonators （HRs） is investigated both numerically and experimentally in this work. Owing to the presence of HRs, the effective impedance of metal surface boundary can be manipulated. By optimizing the distribution of HRs, the asymmetric effective impedance boundary will be obtained, which contributes to generating tunable acoustic radiation pattern such as directional acoustic beaming. These dipole-like radiation patterns have high radiation efficiency, no finger- print of sidelobes, and a wide tunable range of the radiation pattern directivity angle which can be steered by the spatial displacements of HRs.展开更多
Along with the introduction of the concept of dual-channel communication,we utilized the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method to simulate and measure the radiation pattern under certain plasma densities and pl...Along with the introduction of the concept of dual-channel communication,we utilized the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method to simulate and measure the radiation pattern under certain plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies.Results show that under certain settings,the radiation pattern of a plasma antenna resembles that of a metallic antenna.In contrast to a metallic antenna,a plasma antenna possesses other functionalities,such as dynamic reconfiguration and digital controllability.The data from simulation are similar to the measurement results,indicating that column plasma antenna can realize dual-channel communication.This work confirms the viability of realizing dual-channel communication by column plasma antenna,which adds a new but promising method for modern intelligent communication.展开更多
The measurement of the far-field radiation pattern is an important factor in describing the character-istics of the antenna.The measurement process is time consuming and expensive.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel...The measurement of the far-field radiation pattern is an important factor in describing the character-istics of the antenna.The measurement process is time consuming and expensive.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel method to reduce the number of samples required for radiation pattern measurement by adopting com-pressed sensing theory.This method reconstructs the radiation pattern from data measured by a few sensors,and the positions of these sensors are generated via the m-sequence.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reconstruct the complete radiation pattern by using the 50%samples.展开更多
Cerenkov radiation(CR)can serve as a source of internal light to overcome the limited tissue penetration of external light in conventional photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,insufficient luminescence intensity hinders ...Cerenkov radiation(CR)can serve as a source of internal light to overcome the limited tissue penetration of external light in conventional photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,insufficient luminescence intensity hinders the clinical application of CR-PDT.Here,we developed a glutathione-responsive biomimetic nanoplatform by fusing cancer cell membranes and liposomes loaded with photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether(HMME)and a radiation energy amplifier Eu^(3+),named HMME-Eu@LEV.Colloidal Eu^(3+)convertsγ-radiation and CR from radioisotopes into fluorescence to enhance antitumor effects.Sequential administration ensures co-localization of HMME-Eu@LEV and radiopharmaceutical^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)at the tumor site,triggering enhanced CR-PDT and immunogenic cell death.Our observations indicated that luminescence resonance energy transfer between Eu^(3+)and HMME was efficient,and Cerenkov luminescence from Eu@LEV+FDG was approximately 5.6-fold higher in intensity than that from FDG alone.As a result,abundant ROS were generated,and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were polarized from M2 to M1.In addition,the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment could be reversed by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.The activated immune system effectively inhibited the growth of primary tumors and spread of distant metastases.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of CR-PDT without an external light source and the critical role of nanomaterials in personalized medicine.展开更多
Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities.However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challe...Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities.However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challenges.In this work,we demonstrate for the firs time that the coherent radiation farfiel patterns from laser–foil interactions can serve as an in situ,real-time,and easy-to-implement diagnostic for an ultraintense laser focus.The laser-driven electron sheets,curved by the spatially varying laser fiel and leaving the targets at nearly the speed of light,produce doughnut-shaped patterns depending on the shapes of the focal spot and the absolute laser intensities.Assisted by particle-in-cell simulations,we can achieve measurements of the intensity and the focal spot,and provide immediate feedback to optimize the focal spots for extremely high intensity.展开更多
Circular aperture antenna recently has been regarded as a nature source to generate high power radio orbital angular momentum (OAM) in millimeter (mm) wave; however, the radiation pattern was not investigated. Theoret...Circular aperture antenna recently has been regarded as a nature source to generate high power radio orbital angular momentum (OAM) in millimeter (mm) wave; however, the radiation pattern was not investigated. Theoretical derivation of radiation pattern of circular aperture OAM antenna is conducted to evaluate the performance. Extensive simulations verify the validity of the theoretical result. Furthermore, performance of such antenna excited by orthogonal TE and TM modes is compared, which shows the potential application for TEgl mode to create pure OAM g-1 mode in a practical system, providing guidance for generation of twisted radio waves in mm-wave bands.展开更多
In this paper, we describe 2 kinds of printed dipole arrays and compare the performances of these arrays in term of reflexion coefficient, radiation pattern and dimensions. It is interesting to design array in order t...In this paper, we describe 2 kinds of printed dipole arrays and compare the performances of these arrays in term of reflexion coefficient, radiation pattern and dimensions. It is interesting to design array in order to obtain better performances in term of omnidirectional radiation pattern in comparison with single element. We choose this elementary source in order to obtain compact array with good performances. These antenna arrays are designed to have omnidirectional radiation pattern with horizontal polarization. We present an application dedicated to compact base station in the last section.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81360276a grant from the Science and Technology Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China,No.2013911129+2 种基金a grant from the Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talents Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region-Young Doctor Talents Training Project,No.2013731013the Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,No.2012211B34the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2014M552566XB
文摘During radiotherapy to kill femoral hydatid tapeworms, the sciatic nerve surrounding the focus can be easily damaged by the treatment. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the effects of ra- diotherapy on the surrounding nervous tissue. In the present study, we used three-dimensional, conformal, intensity-modulated radiation therapy to treat bilateral femoral hydatid disease in Meriones meridiani. The focus of the hydatid disease on the left femur was subiected to radio- therapy （40 Gy） for 14 days, and the right femur received sham irradiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling assays on the left femurs showed that the left sciatic nerve cell structure was normal, with no ob- vious apoptosis after radiation. Trypan blue staining demonstrated that the overall protoscolex structure in bone parasitized with Echinococcus granulosus disappeared in the left femur of the animals after treatment. The mortality of the protoscolex was higher in the left side than in the right side. The succinate dehydrogenase activity in the protoscolex in bone parasitized with Echi- nococcus granulosus was lower in the left femur than in the right femur. These results suggest that three-dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiation therapy achieves good therapeutic effects on the secondary bone in hydatid disease in Meriones meridiani without damaging the morphology or function of the sciatic nerve.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia (No. 2-135/HiCi)
文摘This article addresses the three-dimensional stretched flow of the Jeffrey fluid with thermal radiation. The thermal conductivity of the fluid varies linearly with respect to temperature. Computations are performed for the velocity and temperature fields. Graphs for the velocity and temperature are plotted to examine the behaviors with different parameters. Numerical values of the local Nusselt number are presented and discussed. The present results are compared with the existing limiting solutions, showing good agreement with each other.
文摘Seismic waves generated in elastic media by ellipsoidal cavities driven by low frequency pressure can be solved by Eshelby′s method. In this paper we prove that this method, originally presented for elastostatic ellipsoidal inclusion problems, can also be applied to dynamic problems on the assumption that wavelengths are much longer than the dimensions of cavities. Comparison between the approximate solution for spherical cavities and its relevant precise solution shows that this method may be used for radii of cavities smaller than 100 m and for frequencies below 10 Hz. By this approach we show that, for low frequency seismic waves in the far field an explosive load on an ellipsoidal cavity can be equivalent to three dipoles oriented along the principal axes of that cavity. Seismic radiation patterns are given analytically and results thus obtained show that an explosion detonated in an ellipsoidal cavity may radiate significant S waves.
文摘A theoretical analysis of three-dimensional Couette flow with radiation effect on temperature distribution has been analysed, when the injection of the fluid at the lower stationary plate is a transverse sinusoidat one and its corresponding removal by constant suction through the upper porous plate is in uniform motion. Due to this type of injection velocity, the flow becomes three-dimensional. The effect of Prandtl number, radiation parameter and injection parameter on rate of heat transfer has been examined by the help of graphs. The Prandtl number has a much greater effect on the.temperature distribution than the injection or radiation parameter.
基金This work is financially supported from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.program(Grant No.PHD/0118/2558)。
文摘The shortcoming of Wi-Fi networks is that one user can access the router at a time.This drawback limits the system throughput and delay.This paper proposes a concept of Simultaneously Different Tx/Rx(SDTR)radiation patterns with only one antenna set at the router.Furthermore,these two patterns have to be simultaneously operated at the same time so that the system delay can be eased.An omni-directional pattern is employed at router for receiving mode so that the router can sense carrier signal from all directions.At the same time,the router launches a directional beam pointed to another user.A proposed circuit allows these two modes to be able to operate the same time.To evaluate the SDTR concept,a prototype is constructed for testing in real circumstance comparing to computer simulation.As a result,the SDTR concept can improve the system throughput while decreasing the system delay comparing to conventional system.
文摘Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall intensity.However,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further investigation.To address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding soil.Three series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall duration.Four rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the slope.The computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return period.The extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.
文摘BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.
文摘The anatomic relationship of oral and maxillofacial region is very com-plex,due to the large number of sinuses,cavities and spaces,and also closely related to the brain.The diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial lesions usually depends on the imaging examination.The conventional imaging methods are common CT and X-ray plain films.In recent years,with the rapid development of medical science and technology,more intuitive and vivid three-dimensional images have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases.Therefore,CT three-dimensional imaging technology has been widely used in clinical practice.This paper reviews this topic.
文摘Through the introduction of disaster situation of Qiang Culture after Wenchuan Earthquake, the paper emphasized that carriers of Qiang Culture had been seriously damaged, the inheritance of Qiang Culture had been affected, and the environment for Qiang Culture was difficult to recover. It highlighted that three-dimensional reconstruction of Qiang Culture should stress the core task and timely and effectively rescue endangered cultural heritages of Qiang Nationality from the perspectives of material and spiritual life. It had explained focuses of three-dimensional pattern construction in detail. In terms of spatial reconstruction, it should reconstruct native culture and history while material culture was constructed, and reconstruct Qiang culture highland by depending on aborigines; in terms of cluster reconstruction, it should give support to large tourism enterprises and perfect tourism chain; in terms of ecological reconstruction, it should enhance construction and demonstration of "ecological protection pilot area of Qiang culture"; in terms of development reconstruction, it should realize coordinated unity between protection and development according to classification protection, characteristic protection and key protection, so as to form the virtuous circle of post-disaster recovery protection and sustainable development.
基金Project(2012CB725301)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(201412015)supported by the National Special Fund for Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Scientific Research in the Public Welfare of ChinaProject(212000168)supported by the Basic Survey-Mapping Program of National Administration of Surveying,Mapping and Geoinformation of China
文摘An automatic three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction method based on four-view stereo vision using checkerboard pattern is presented. Mismatches easily exist in traditional binocular stereo matching due to the repeatable or similar features of binocular images. In order to reduce the probability of mismatching and improve the measure precision, a four-camera measurement system which can add extra matching constraints and offer multiple measurements is applied in this work. Moreover, a series of different checkerboard patterns are projected onto the object to obtain dense feature points and remove mismatched points. Finally, the 3D model is generated by performing Delaunay triangulation and texture mapping on the point cloud obtained by four-view matching. This method was tested on the 3D reconstruction of a terracotta soldier sculpture and the Buddhas in the Mogao Grottoes. Their point clouds without mismatched points were obtained and less processing time was consumed in most cases relative to binocular matching. These good reconstructed models show the effectiveness of the method.
文摘Propagation of the surface waves along a two-dimensional plasma column and the far-field radiation patterns are studied in thin column approximation. Wave phase and attenuation coefficients are calculated for various plasma parameters. The radiation patterns are shown. Results show that the radiation patterns are controllable by flexibly changing the plasma length and other parameters in comparison to the metal monopole antenna. It is meaningful and instructional for the optimization of the plasma antenna design.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51475348,51305322 and 51490660)Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions(SKLMT-KFKT-201409)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘Some compensation methods have been pro- posed to mitigate the degradation of radiation characteris- tics caused by composite material radomes, however most of them are complex and not applicable for large radomes, for example, the modification of geometric shape by grinding process. A novel and simple compensation strat- egy based on phase modification is proposed for large reflector antenna-radome systems. Through moving the feed or sub-reflector along axial direction opportunely, the modification of phase distribution in the original aperture of an enclosed reflector antenna can be used to reduce the phase shift caused by composite material radomes. The distortion of far-field pattern can be minimized. The modification formulas are proposed, and the limitation of their application is also discussed. Numerical simulations for a one-piece composite materials sandwich radome and a 40 m multipartite composite materials sandwich radome verify that the novel compensation strategy achieves sat- isfactory compensated results, and improves the distortion of the far-field pattern for the composite material radomes. For one-piece dielectric radome, more than 60% phasedifference caused by radome is reduced. For multipartite radome, the sidelobe level improves about 1.2 dB, the nulling depth improves about 3 dB. The improvement of far-field pattern could be obtained effectively and simply by moving the feed or sub-reflector according to phase shift of the radome.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB921504 and 2011CB707902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11474160)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,China(Grant No.020414380001)the State Key Laboratory of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SKLOA201401)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry
文摘The acoustic wave propagation from a two-dimensional subwavelength slit surrounded by metal plates decorated with Helmholtz resonators （HRs） is investigated both numerically and experimentally in this work. Owing to the presence of HRs, the effective impedance of metal surface boundary can be manipulated. By optimizing the distribution of HRs, the asymmetric effective impedance boundary will be obtained, which contributes to generating tunable acoustic radiation pattern such as directional acoustic beaming. These dipole-like radiation patterns have high radiation efficiency, no finger- print of sidelobes, and a wide tunable range of the radiation pattern directivity angle which can be steered by the spatial displacements of HRs.
文摘Along with the introduction of the concept of dual-channel communication,we utilized the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） method to simulate and measure the radiation pattern under certain plasma densities and plasma collision frequencies.Results show that under certain settings,the radiation pattern of a plasma antenna resembles that of a metallic antenna.In contrast to a metallic antenna,a plasma antenna possesses other functionalities,such as dynamic reconfiguration and digital controllability.The data from simulation are similar to the measurement results,indicating that column plasma antenna can realize dual-channel communication.This work confirms the viability of realizing dual-channel communication by column plasma antenna,which adds a new but promising method for modern intelligent communication.
基金the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.61571146)。
文摘The measurement of the far-field radiation pattern is an important factor in describing the character-istics of the antenna.The measurement process is time consuming and expensive.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel method to reduce the number of samples required for radiation pattern measurement by adopting com-pressed sensing theory.This method reconstructs the radiation pattern from data measured by a few sensors,and the positions of these sensors are generated via the m-sequence.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reconstruct the complete radiation pattern by using the 50%samples.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province(No.221100310100)co-construction Project of Henan Medical Science and Technology(LHGJ20230286).
文摘Cerenkov radiation(CR)can serve as a source of internal light to overcome the limited tissue penetration of external light in conventional photodynamic therapy(PDT).However,insufficient luminescence intensity hinders the clinical application of CR-PDT.Here,we developed a glutathione-responsive biomimetic nanoplatform by fusing cancer cell membranes and liposomes loaded with photosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether(HMME)and a radiation energy amplifier Eu^(3+),named HMME-Eu@LEV.Colloidal Eu^(3+)convertsγ-radiation and CR from radioisotopes into fluorescence to enhance antitumor effects.Sequential administration ensures co-localization of HMME-Eu@LEV and radiopharmaceutical^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)at the tumor site,triggering enhanced CR-PDT and immunogenic cell death.Our observations indicated that luminescence resonance energy transfer between Eu^(3+)and HMME was efficient,and Cerenkov luminescence from Eu@LEV+FDG was approximately 5.6-fold higher in intensity than that from FDG alone.As a result,abundant ROS were generated,and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment were polarized from M2 to M1.In addition,the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment could be reversed by promoting the maturation of dendritic cells and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.The activated immune system effectively inhibited the growth of primary tumors and spread of distant metastases.Our work demonstrates the feasibility of CR-PDT without an external light source and the critical role of nanomaterials in personalized medicine.
基金supported by the Guangdong High Level Innovation Research Institute(Grant No.2021B0909050006)the National Grand Instrument Project(Grant No.2019YFF01014402)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12205008)support from the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.12225501)。
文摘Experimental validation of laser intensity is particularly important for the study of fundamental physics at extremely high intensities.However,reliable diagnosis of the focal spot and peak intensity faces huge challenges.In this work,we demonstrate for the firs time that the coherent radiation farfiel patterns from laser–foil interactions can serve as an in situ,real-time,and easy-to-implement diagnostic for an ultraintense laser focus.The laser-driven electron sheets,curved by the spatially varying laser fiel and leaving the targets at nearly the speed of light,produce doughnut-shaped patterns depending on the shapes of the focal spot and the absolute laser intensities.Assisted by particle-in-cell simulations,we can achieve measurements of the intensity and the focal spot,and provide immediate feedback to optimize the focal spots for extremely high intensity.
文摘Circular aperture antenna recently has been regarded as a nature source to generate high power radio orbital angular momentum (OAM) in millimeter (mm) wave; however, the radiation pattern was not investigated. Theoretical derivation of radiation pattern of circular aperture OAM antenna is conducted to evaluate the performance. Extensive simulations verify the validity of the theoretical result. Furthermore, performance of such antenna excited by orthogonal TE and TM modes is compared, which shows the potential application for TEgl mode to create pure OAM g-1 mode in a practical system, providing guidance for generation of twisted radio waves in mm-wave bands.
文摘In this paper, we describe 2 kinds of printed dipole arrays and compare the performances of these arrays in term of reflexion coefficient, radiation pattern and dimensions. It is interesting to design array in order to obtain better performances in term of omnidirectional radiation pattern in comparison with single element. We choose this elementary source in order to obtain compact array with good performances. These antenna arrays are designed to have omnidirectional radiation pattern with horizontal polarization. We present an application dedicated to compact base station in the last section.
基金Supported by Shantou University Medical College Clinical Research Enhancement Initiative,and Research and Travel Grants from the Science and Technology Key Project of Shantou City,China,2012,No.2012-165-131
文摘AIM: To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) in esophageal cancer (EC).
