An online algorithm for training LS-SVM (Least Square Support VectorMachines) was proposed for the application of function estimation and classification. Online LS-SVMmeans that LS-SVM can be trained in an incremental...An online algorithm for training LS-SVM (Least Square Support VectorMachines) was proposed for the application of function estimation and classification. Online LS-SVMmeans that LS-SVM can be trained in an incremental way, and can be pruned to get sparseapproximation in a decremental way. When a SV (Support Vector) is added or removed, the onlinealgorithm avoids computing large-scale matrix inverse. Thus the computation cost is reduced. Onlinealgorithm is especially useful to realistic function estimation problem such as systemidentification. The experiments with benchmark function estimation problem and classificationproblem show the validity of this online algorithm.展开更多
Objective To evaluate left atrial function in essential hypertension patients with different patterns of left ventricular geometric models by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography （RT-3DE） and left atrial tra...Objective To evaluate left atrial function in essential hypertension patients with different patterns of left ventricular geometric models by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography （RT-3DE） and left atrial tracking （EAT）.展开更多
BACKGROUND The quality of life in patients who develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after surgery for mid-low rectal cancer is seriously impaired.The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of LARS has not bee...BACKGROUND The quality of life in patients who develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after surgery for mid-low rectal cancer is seriously impaired.The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of LARS has not been fully investigated.AIM To assess anorectal function of mid-low rectal cancer patients developing LARS perioperatively.METHODS Patients diagnosed with mid-low rectal cancer were included.The LARS score was used to evaluate defecation symptoms 3 and 6 mo after anterior resection or a stoma reversal procedure.Anorectal functions were assessed by threedimensional high resolution anorectal manometry preoperatively and 3-6 mo after surgery.RESULTS The study population consisted of 24 patients.The total LARS score was decreased at 6 mo compared with 3 mo after surgery(P<0.05),but 58.3%(14/24)lasted as major LARS at 6 mo after surgery.The length of the high-pressure zone of the anal sphincter was significantly shorter,the mean resting pressure and maximal squeeze pressure of the anus were significantly lower than those before surgery in allpatients (P < 0.05), especially in the neoadjuvant therapy group after surgery (n = 18). The focalpressure defects of the anal canal were detected in 70.8% of patients, and those patients had higherLARS scores at 3 mo postoperatively than those without focal pressure defects (P < 0.05). Spasticperistaltic contractions from the new rectum to anus were detected in 45.8% of patients, whichwere associated with a higher LARS score at 3 mo postoperatively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe LARS score decreases over time after surgery in the majority of patients with mid-low rectalcancer. Anorectal dysfunctions, especially focal pressure defects of the anal canal and spasticperistaltic contractions from the new rectum to anus postoperatively, might be the majorpathophysiological mechanisms of LARS.展开更多
A three-dimensional size-dependent layered model for simply-supported and func- tionally graded magnetoelectroelastic plates is presented based on the modified couple-stress theory. The functionally graded material is...A three-dimensional size-dependent layered model for simply-supported and func- tionally graded magnetoelectroelastic plates is presented based on the modified couple-stress theory. The functionally graded material is assumed to be exponential in the thickness direc- tion of the plate. The final governing equations are reduced to an eigensystem by expressing the extended displacements in terms of two-dimensional Fourier series. Using the propagator matrix method, the exact solutions of the magnetic, electric and mechanical fields of sandwich nanoplates with couple-stress effect and under the surface loads are derived. Numerical examples for two functionally graded sandwich plates made of piezoelectric BaTiO3 and magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 materials are presented to demonstrate the effect of the functional gradient factor and material length-scale parameter on the induced fields. The exact solutions presented in this work can also serve as benchmarks to various numerical methods for analyzing the size-dependent features in layered systems.展开更多
The optimal plane for measurement of the right ventricular (RV) volumes by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was determined and the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE in studying RV systolic function...The optimal plane for measurement of the right ventricular (RV) volumes by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was determined and the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE in studying RV systolic function was assessed. RV “Full volume” images were acquired by RT3DE in 22 healthy subjects. RV end-diastolic volumes (RVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (RVESV) were outlined using apical biplane, 4-plane, 8-plane, 16-plane offline separately. RVSV and RVEF were calculated. Meanwhile tricuspid annual systolic excursion (TASE) was measured by M-mode echo. LVSV was outlined by 2-D echo according to the biplane Simpson's rule. The results showed: (1) There was a good correlation between RVSV measured from series planes and LVSV from 2-D echo (r=0.73; r=0.69; r=0.63; r=0.66, P<0.25—0.0025); (2) There were significant differences between RVEDV in biplane and those in 4-, 8-, 16-plane (P<0.001). There was also difference between RV volume in 4-plane and that in 8-plane (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between RV volume in 8-plane and that in 16-plane (P>0.05); (3) Inter-observers and intro-observers variability analysis showed that there were close agreements and relations for RV volumes (r=0.986, P<0.001; r=0.93, P<0.001); (4) There was a significantly positive correlation of TASE to RVSV and RVEF from RT3DE (r=0.83; r=0.90). So RV volume measures with RT3DE are rapid, accurate and reproducible. In view of RV's complex shape, apical 8-plane method is better in clinical use. It may allow early detection of RV systolic function.展开更多
A method for data classification will influence the efficiency of classification. Attributes reduction based on discernibility matrix and discernibility function in rough sets can use in data classification, so we put...A method for data classification will influence the efficiency of classification. Attributes reduction based on discernibility matrix and discernibility function in rough sets can use in data classification, so we put forward a method for data classification. Namely, firstly, we use discernibility matrix and discernibility function to delete superfluous attributes in formation system and get a necessary attribute set. Secondly, we delete superfluous attribute values and get decision rules. Finally, we classify data by means of decision rules. The experiments show that data classification using this method is simpler in the structure, and can improve the efficiency of classification.展开更多
A three-dimensional analysis of a simply-supported functionally graded rectangular plate with an arbitrary distribution of material properties is made using a simple and effective method based on the Haar wavelet. Wit...A three-dimensional analysis of a simply-supported functionally graded rectangular plate with an arbitrary distribution of material properties is made using a simple and effective method based on the Haar wavelet. With good features in treating singularities, Haar series solution converges rapidly for arbitrary distributions, especially for the case where the material properties change rapidly in some regions. Through numerical examples the influences of the ratio of material constants on the top and bottom surfaces and different material gradient distributions on the structural response of the plate to mechanical stimuli are studied.展开更多
The three-dimensional（3D） visualization of the functional bundles in the peripheral nerve provides direct and detailed intraneural spatial information. It is useful for selecting suitable surgical methods to repair ...The three-dimensional（3D） visualization of the functional bundles in the peripheral nerve provides direct and detailed intraneural spatial information. It is useful for selecting suitable surgical methods to repair nerve defects and in optimizing the construction of tissue-engineered nerve grafts. However, there remain major technical hurdles in obtaining, registering and interpreting 2D images, as well as in establishing 3D models. Moreover, the 3D models are plagued by poor accuracy and lack of detail and cannot completely reflect the stereoscopic microstructure inside the nerve. To explore and help resolve these key technical problems of 3D reconstruction, in the present study, we designed a novel method based on re-imaging techniques and computer image layer processing technology. A 20-cm ulnar nerve segment from the upper arm of a fresh adult cadaver was used for acetylcholinesterase（ACh E） staining. Then, 2D panoramic images were obtained before and after ACh E staining under the stereomicroscope. Using layer processing techniques in Photoshop, a space transformation method was used to fulfill automatic registration. The contours were outlined, and the 3D rendering of functional fascicular groups in the long-segment ulnar nerve was performed with Amira 4.1 software. The re-imaging technique based on layer processing in Photoshop produced an image that was detailed and accurate. The merging of images was accurate, and the whole procedure was simple and fast. The least square support vector machine was accurate, with an error rate of only 8.25%. The 3D reconstruction directly revealed changes in the fusion of different nerve functional fascicular groups. In conclusion. The technique is fast with satisfactory visual reconstruction.展开更多
The relationship between the importance of criterion and the criterion aggregation function is discussed, criterion＇s weight and combinational weights between some criteria are defined, and a multi-criteria classific...The relationship between the importance of criterion and the criterion aggregation function is discussed, criterion＇s weight and combinational weights between some criteria are defined, and a multi-criteria classification method with incomplete certain information and polynomial aggregation function is proposed. First, linear programming is constructed by classification to reference alternative set （assignment examples） and incomplete certain information on criterion＇s weights. Then the coefficient of the polynomial aggregation function and thresholds of categories are gained by solving the linear programming. And the consistency index of alternatives is obtained, the classification of the alternatives is achieved. The certain criteria＇s values of categories and uncertain criteria＇s values of categories are discussed in the method. Finally, an example shows the feasibility and availability of this method.展开更多
Multi-Valued Neuron (MVN) was proposed for pattern classification. It operates with complex-valued inputs, outputs, and weights, and its learning algorithm is based on error-correcting rule. The activation function of...Multi-Valued Neuron (MVN) was proposed for pattern classification. It operates with complex-valued inputs, outputs, and weights, and its learning algorithm is based on error-correcting rule. The activation function of MVN is not differentiable. Therefore, we can not apply backpropagation when constructing multilayer structures. In this paper, we propose a new neuron model, MVN-sig, to simulate the mechanism of MVN with differentiable activation function. We expect MVN-sig to achieve higher performance than MVN. We run several classification benchmark datasets to compare the performance of MVN-sig with that of MVN. The experimental results show a good potential to develop a multilayer networks based on MVN-sig.展开更多
We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder a...We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder and back for 5 days, and weakness of his left shoulder for 2 days before admission. Eiectromyography revealed denervation discharges from the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, which was compatible with radiculopathy showing after zoster infection. The patient was examined in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and treated with range-of-movement and strengthening exercises as well as activities of daily living and social participation. At 14 months after the onset of the condition, muscle strength had returned to normal. Electromyography revealed that motor unit action potentials were largely normal. These results indicate that the rehabilitation of paresis caused by herpes zoster can obtain positive results with suitable movement training.展开更多
A versatile and effective method for incorporating functional groups on the pore wall of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous cross-linked polystyrene（3DOM CLPS） by hydrophilic spacer arm has been investigated.Th...A versatile and effective method for incorporating functional groups on the pore wall of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous cross-linked polystyrene（3DOM CLPS） by hydrophilic spacer arm has been investigated.The 3DOM CLPS with pore size 865 nm was prepared by sacrifice template method.The hydrophilic spacer arm（polyethylene glycol,molecular weight is 600） was grafted to the 3DOM CLPS via nucleophilic substitution reaction.The other side of active hydroxyl can be further converted into a lot of other functional groups.In this report,the chelating ligand 2-mercaptobenzothiazole（MBZ） group was introduced on the end of the PGE chain to evidence the versatile functionalization approach.The functionalized ordered macroporous materials were characterized by FT-IR,element analyzer,SEM.The results reveal that the pores were successfully bonded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole groups via hydrophilic spacer arms and the original morphology of ordered macroporous materials were remained after functionalization.The MBZ group density is 0.052 mmol/m^2.The functionalized 3DOM CLPS are expected to application as heavy metal ions adsorbent.展开更多
The functional differentiations of stomach cancer specimens from 121 patients were investigated by enzyme-,mucin-,affinity-and immunohistochemical methods, and the stomach cancers were divided into five functionally d...The functional differentiations of stomach cancer specimens from 121 patients were investigated by enzyme-,mucin-,affinity-and immunohistochemical methods, and the stomach cancers were divided into five functionally differentiated types : 1 ) Absorptive Function Differentiation Type (AFDT), 19. 8% ; 2) Mucin Secreting Function Differentiation Type(MSFDT) , 24. 0% ; 3) Absorptive and Mucin-Producing Function Differentiation Type(AMPFDT) , 47. 1%; 4 ) Special Function Differentiation Type(SFDT) , 0. 8 %; and 5) Non-Function Differentiation Type(NFDT) , 8. 3%. The results indicate that stomach cancer tissues of the same histological type often display differing functional differentiation, and these functionally differentiated types have different invasive and metastatic characteristics. In addition, the functionally differentiated types have particular organic affinities of metastasis and different clinical prognoses. This study suggests that this new functional classification may supplement histological classification. The mechanisms of liver and ovary metastases of stomach cancer are also dis-cussed.展开更多
In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination...In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination of the cracking direction constitutes a great challenge.In most cases,the local stress state provides the fundamental criterion to judge the presence of cracks and the direction of crack propagation.However,in the case of three-dimensional analysis,the coordination relationship between grid elements due to occurrence of cracks becomes a difficult problem for this method.In this paper,based on the extended finite element method,the stress-related function field is introduced into the calculation domain,and then the boundary value problem of the function is solved.Subsequently,the envelope surface of all propagation directions can be obtained at one time.At last,the possible surface can be selected as the direction of crack development.Based on the aforementioned procedure,such method greatly reduces the programming complexity of tracking the crack propagation.As a suitable method for simulating tension-induced failure,it can simulate multiple cracks simultaneously.展开更多
In this paper, a new hybrid model of amino acid substitution is developed and compared with the others in previous works. The results show that the new hybrid model can characterize the protein sequences very well by ...In this paper, a new hybrid model of amino acid substitution is developed and compared with the others in previous works. The results show that the new hybrid model can characterize the protein sequences very well by calculating Fisher weights, which can denote how much the variants contribute to the classification.展开更多
The classification of urban functional areas plays an important role in urban planning and resource management.Although previous studies have confirmed that different urban func-tional areas have different morphologic...The classification of urban functional areas plays an important role in urban planning and resource management.Although previous studies have confirmed that different urban func-tional areas have different morphological structures and Land Surface Temperature(LST)characteristics,these two types of characteristics have rarely been fully integrated and used for functional area classification.In this paper,a new framework for classifying urban functional areas is proposed by combining urban morphological features and LST features.First,metrics are constructed from three levels,namely,building,road and region,which are used to portray urban morphology;LST is retrieved using thermal infrared remote sensing to reflect LST features with four metrics:the average temperature,maximum temperature,temperature difference and standard deviation of temperature.Then,the functional areas are classified into four categories:service/public land,commercial land,residential land and industrial land.A random forest algorithm is used to effectively fuse the features of these two categories and classify the functional areas.The effectiveness of the proposed framework is tested in the study area of Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province.The results show that the combined classification accuracy of the proposed classification method is 0.85,which is 0.26 higher than that of the classification model based on urban morphology and 0.1 higher than that of the classification model based on LST features.The proposed framework verifies that the integration of LST features into urban functional area classification is reliable and effectively combines urban morphology and LST features for functional area classification.展开更多
The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theore...The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theoretical results on this function, and then its application in classification using a computer program we have developed. This approach leads to clear decisions, even in cases where the extension to several classes of Fisher’s linear discriminant function fails to be effective.展开更多
BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)is one of the primary clinical treatment options for patients with obstructive jaundice.In recent years,PTBD assisted by three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction t...BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)is one of the primary clinical treatment options for patients with obstructive jaundice.In recent years,PTBD assisted by three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology has been widely implemented,but its advantages over traditional methods remains inconclusive.Thus,a discussion is warranted.AIM To explore the safety and efficacy of 3D reconstruction technology-assisted PTBD.METHODS We systematically searched the databases including the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.The search period extended from the establishment of each database to November,2024.We screened the literature according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed the quality of the studies,and extracted data.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4.1 software.RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included,involving 1434 patients.The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the traditional group,the overall post-operative complications rate in the 3D reconstruction technology group was significantly lower[odds ratio=0.25;95%confidence interval(CI):0.17-0.36,P<0.00001].The overall puncture success rate in the 3D reconstruction group was better than those in the traditional group(odds ratio=3.61;95%CI:1.98-6.55,P<0.0001).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduction levels of postoperative total bilirubin(mean difference=-1.38;95%CI:-3.29 to 0.53,P=0.16).Subgroup analysis were conducted on the surgery time according to guidance stages of the 3D reconstruction,3D reconstruction imaging modalities,and types of studies.The results were stable,with no significant changes observed.CONCLUSION 3D reconstruction technology significantly improves the puncture success rate and safety of PTBD.However,it has no significant advantage in bile drainage effectiveness.Continued research is warranted to further explore its clinical value and optimize its application.展开更多
The highly efficient electrochemical treatment technology for dye-polluted wastewater is one of hot research topics in industrial wastewater treatment.This study reported a three-dimensional electrochemical treatment ...The highly efficient electrochemical treatment technology for dye-polluted wastewater is one of hot research topics in industrial wastewater treatment.This study reported a three-dimensional electrochemical treatment process integrating graphite intercalation compound(GIC)adsorption,direct anodic oxidation,and·OH oxidation for decolourising Reactive Black 5(RB5)from aqueous solutions.The electrochemical process was optimised using the novel progressive central composite design-response surface methodology(CCD-NPRSM),hybrid artificial neural network-extreme gradient boosting(hybrid ANN-XGBoost),and classification and regression trees(CART).CCD-NPRSM and hybrid ANN-XGBoost were employed to minimise errors in evaluating the electrochemical process involving three manipulated operational parameters:current density,electrolysis(treatment)time,and initial dye concentration.The optimised decolourisation efficiencies were 99.30%,96.63%,and 99.14%for CCD-NPRSM,hybrid ANN-XGBoost,and CART,respectively,compared to the 98.46%RB5 removal rate observed experimentally under optimum conditions:approximately 20 mA/cm^(2) of current density,20 min of electrolysis time,and 65 mg/L of RB5.The optimised mineralisation efficiencies ranged between 89%and 92%for different models based on total organic carbon(TOC).Experimental studies confirmed that the predictive efficiency of optimised models ranked in the descending order of hybrid ANN-XGBoost,CCD-NPRSM,and CART.Model validation using analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed that hybrid ANN-XGBoost had a mean squared error(MSE)and a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of approximately 0.014 and 0.998,respectively,for the RB5 removal efficiency,outperforming CCD-NPRSM with MSE and R^(2) of 0.518 and 0.998,respectively.Overall,the hybrid ANN-XGBoost approach is the most feasible technique for assessing the electrochemical treatment efficiency in RB5 dye wastewater decolourisation.展开更多
The core sampling experiments were conducted after hydraulic fracturing in the three-dimensional development zone of Fuling shale gas.Six coring wells of different well types were systematically designed.Based on the ...The core sampling experiments were conducted after hydraulic fracturing in the three-dimensional development zone of Fuling shale gas.Six coring wells of different well types were systematically designed.Based on the integrated engineering technology of post-fracturing drilling,coring and monitoring of shale and the analysis of fracture source tracing,the evaluation of the fracture network after fracturing in the three-dimensional development of shale gas was conducted.The data of core fractures after fracturing indicate that three major types of fractures are formed after fracturing:natural fractures,hydraulic fractures,and fractures induced by external mechanical force,which are further classified into six subcategories:natural structural fractures,natural bedding fractures,hydraulic fractures,hydraulically activated fractures,drilling induced fractures,and fractures induced by core transportation.The forms of the artificial fracture network after fracturing are complex.Hydraulic fractures and hydraulically activated fractures interweave with each other,presenting eight forms of artificial fracture networks,among which the“一”-shaped fracture is the most common,accounting for approximately 70%of the total fractures.When the distance to the fractured wellbore is less than 35 m,the density of the artificial fracture network is relatively high;when it is 35–100 m,the density is lower;and when it is beyond 100 m,the density gradually increases.The results of the fracture tracing in the core sampling area confirm that the current fracturing technology can essentially achieve the differential transformation of the reservoir in the main area of Jiaoshiba block in Fuling.The three-layer three-dimensional development model can efficiently utilize shale gas reserves,although there is still room for improvement in the complexity and propagation uniformity of fractures.It is necessary to further optimize technologies such as close-cutting combined with temporary blocking and deflection within fractures or at fracture mouths,as well as limited flow perforation techniques,to promote the balanced initiation and extension of fractures.展开更多
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 69889050)
文摘An online algorithm for training LS-SVM (Least Square Support VectorMachines) was proposed for the application of function estimation and classification. Online LS-SVMmeans that LS-SVM can be trained in an incremental way, and can be pruned to get sparseapproximation in a decremental way. When a SV (Support Vector) is added or removed, the onlinealgorithm avoids computing large-scale matrix inverse. Thus the computation cost is reduced. Onlinealgorithm is especially useful to realistic function estimation problem such as systemidentification. The experiments with benchmark function estimation problem and classificationproblem show the validity of this online algorithm.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning ProvinceChina(2013023010)
文摘Objective To evaluate left atrial function in essential hypertension patients with different patterns of left ventricular geometric models by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography （RT-3DE） and left atrial tracking （EAT）.
基金Supported by the National High-tech R&D Program (“863” Program) of China,No. 2010AA023007
文摘BACKGROUND The quality of life in patients who develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after surgery for mid-low rectal cancer is seriously impaired.The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of LARS has not been fully investigated.AIM To assess anorectal function of mid-low rectal cancer patients developing LARS perioperatively.METHODS Patients diagnosed with mid-low rectal cancer were included.The LARS score was used to evaluate defecation symptoms 3 and 6 mo after anterior resection or a stoma reversal procedure.Anorectal functions were assessed by threedimensional high resolution anorectal manometry preoperatively and 3-6 mo after surgery.RESULTS The study population consisted of 24 patients.The total LARS score was decreased at 6 mo compared with 3 mo after surgery(P<0.05),but 58.3%(14/24)lasted as major LARS at 6 mo after surgery.The length of the high-pressure zone of the anal sphincter was significantly shorter,the mean resting pressure and maximal squeeze pressure of the anus were significantly lower than those before surgery in allpatients (P < 0.05), especially in the neoadjuvant therapy group after surgery (n = 18). The focalpressure defects of the anal canal were detected in 70.8% of patients, and those patients had higherLARS scores at 3 mo postoperatively than those without focal pressure defects (P < 0.05). Spasticperistaltic contractions from the new rectum to anus were detected in 45.8% of patients, whichwere associated with a higher LARS score at 3 mo postoperatively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe LARS score decreases over time after surgery in the majority of patients with mid-low rectalcancer. Anorectal dysfunctions, especially focal pressure defects of the anal canal and spasticperistaltic contractions from the new rectum to anus postoperatively, might be the majorpathophysiological mechanisms of LARS.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 11262012, 11502123, 11172273） and the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China （Grant No. 2015JQ01）.
文摘A three-dimensional size-dependent layered model for simply-supported and func- tionally graded magnetoelectroelastic plates is presented based on the modified couple-stress theory. The functionally graded material is assumed to be exponential in the thickness direc- tion of the plate. The final governing equations are reduced to an eigensystem by expressing the extended displacements in terms of two-dimensional Fourier series. Using the propagator matrix method, the exact solutions of the magnetic, electric and mechanical fields of sandwich nanoplates with couple-stress effect and under the surface loads are derived. Numerical examples for two functionally graded sandwich plates made of piezoelectric BaTiO3 and magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 materials are presented to demonstrate the effect of the functional gradient factor and material length-scale parameter on the induced fields. The exact solutions presented in this work can also serve as benchmarks to various numerical methods for analyzing the size-dependent features in layered systems.
文摘The optimal plane for measurement of the right ventricular (RV) volumes by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was determined and the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE in studying RV systolic function was assessed. RV “Full volume” images were acquired by RT3DE in 22 healthy subjects. RV end-diastolic volumes (RVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (RVESV) were outlined using apical biplane, 4-plane, 8-plane, 16-plane offline separately. RVSV and RVEF were calculated. Meanwhile tricuspid annual systolic excursion (TASE) was measured by M-mode echo. LVSV was outlined by 2-D echo according to the biplane Simpson's rule. The results showed: (1) There was a good correlation between RVSV measured from series planes and LVSV from 2-D echo (r=0.73; r=0.69; r=0.63; r=0.66, P<0.25—0.0025); (2) There were significant differences between RVEDV in biplane and those in 4-, 8-, 16-plane (P<0.001). There was also difference between RV volume in 4-plane and that in 8-plane (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between RV volume in 8-plane and that in 16-plane (P>0.05); (3) Inter-observers and intro-observers variability analysis showed that there were close agreements and relations for RV volumes (r=0.986, P<0.001; r=0.93, P<0.001); (4) There was a significantly positive correlation of TASE to RVSV and RVEF from RT3DE (r=0.83; r=0.90). So RV volume measures with RT3DE are rapid, accurate and reproducible. In view of RV's complex shape, apical 8-plane method is better in clinical use. It may allow early detection of RV systolic function.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(60474022)
文摘A method for data classification will influence the efficiency of classification. Attributes reduction based on discernibility matrix and discernibility function in rough sets can use in data classification, so we put forward a method for data classification. Namely, firstly, we use discernibility matrix and discernibility function to delete superfluous attributes in formation system and get a necessary attribute set. Secondly, we delete superfluous attribute values and get decision rules. Finally, we classify data by means of decision rules. The experiments show that data classification using this method is simpler in the structure, and can improve the efficiency of classification.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.10432030).
文摘A three-dimensional analysis of a simply-supported functionally graded rectangular plate with an arbitrary distribution of material properties is made using a simple and effective method based on the Haar wavelet. With good features in treating singularities, Haar series solution converges rapidly for arbitrary distributions, especially for the case where the material properties change rapidly in some regions. Through numerical examples the influences of the ratio of material constants on the top and bottom surfaces and different material gradient distributions on the structural response of the plate to mechanical stimuli are studied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30571913a grant from the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province of China,No.2013B010404019+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.9151008901000006the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.A2009173
文摘The three-dimensional（3D） visualization of the functional bundles in the peripheral nerve provides direct and detailed intraneural spatial information. It is useful for selecting suitable surgical methods to repair nerve defects and in optimizing the construction of tissue-engineered nerve grafts. However, there remain major technical hurdles in obtaining, registering and interpreting 2D images, as well as in establishing 3D models. Moreover, the 3D models are plagued by poor accuracy and lack of detail and cannot completely reflect the stereoscopic microstructure inside the nerve. To explore and help resolve these key technical problems of 3D reconstruction, in the present study, we designed a novel method based on re-imaging techniques and computer image layer processing technology. A 20-cm ulnar nerve segment from the upper arm of a fresh adult cadaver was used for acetylcholinesterase（ACh E） staining. Then, 2D panoramic images were obtained before and after ACh E staining under the stereomicroscope. Using layer processing techniques in Photoshop, a space transformation method was used to fulfill automatic registration. The contours were outlined, and the 3D rendering of functional fascicular groups in the long-segment ulnar nerve was performed with Amira 4.1 software. The re-imaging technique based on layer processing in Photoshop produced an image that was detailed and accurate. The merging of images was accurate, and the whole procedure was simple and fast. The least square support vector machine was accurate, with an error rate of only 8.25%. The 3D reconstruction directly revealed changes in the fusion of different nerve functional fascicular groups. In conclusion. The technique is fast with satisfactory visual reconstruction.
基金This project was supported by the Social Science Foundation of Hunan(05YB74)
文摘The relationship between the importance of criterion and the criterion aggregation function is discussed, criterion＇s weight and combinational weights between some criteria are defined, and a multi-criteria classification method with incomplete certain information and polynomial aggregation function is proposed. First, linear programming is constructed by classification to reference alternative set （assignment examples） and incomplete certain information on criterion＇s weights. Then the coefficient of the polynomial aggregation function and thresholds of categories are gained by solving the linear programming. And the consistency index of alternatives is obtained, the classification of the alternatives is achieved. The certain criteria＇s values of categories and uncertain criteria＇s values of categories are discussed in the method. Finally, an example shows the feasibility and availability of this method.
文摘Multi-Valued Neuron (MVN) was proposed for pattern classification. It operates with complex-valued inputs, outputs, and weights, and its learning algorithm is based on error-correcting rule. The activation function of MVN is not differentiable. Therefore, we can not apply backpropagation when constructing multilayer structures. In this paper, we propose a new neuron model, MVN-sig, to simulate the mechanism of MVN with differentiable activation function. We expect MVN-sig to achieve higher performance than MVN. We run several classification benchmark datasets to compare the performance of MVN-sig with that of MVN. The experimental results show a good potential to develop a multilayer networks based on MVN-sig.
文摘We describe the case of a 73-year-old man with left shoulder paresis caused by a herpes zoster infection of the left C5 dermatomes. The patient had been affected by pain for 10 days, a skin rash on his left shoulder and back for 5 days, and weakness of his left shoulder for 2 days before admission. Eiectromyography revealed denervation discharges from the left supraspinatus, infraspinatus and deltoid muscles, which was compatible with radiculopathy showing after zoster infection. The patient was examined in accordance with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and treated with range-of-movement and strengthening exercises as well as activities of daily living and social participation. At 14 months after the onset of the condition, muscle strength had returned to normal. Electromyography revealed that motor unit action potentials were largely normal. These results indicate that the rehabilitation of paresis caused by herpes zoster can obtain positive results with suitable movement training.
基金supported by National Natural Science Funds for Young Scholar(No.50903027)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2010000058)Education Department Science Research Plan of Hebei Province(No.2007307).
文摘A versatile and effective method for incorporating functional groups on the pore wall of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous cross-linked polystyrene（3DOM CLPS） by hydrophilic spacer arm has been investigated.The 3DOM CLPS with pore size 865 nm was prepared by sacrifice template method.The hydrophilic spacer arm（polyethylene glycol,molecular weight is 600） was grafted to the 3DOM CLPS via nucleophilic substitution reaction.The other side of active hydroxyl can be further converted into a lot of other functional groups.In this report,the chelating ligand 2-mercaptobenzothiazole（MBZ） group was introduced on the end of the PGE chain to evidence the versatile functionalization approach.The functionalized ordered macroporous materials were characterized by FT-IR,element analyzer,SEM.The results reveal that the pores were successfully bonded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole groups via hydrophilic spacer arms and the original morphology of ordered macroporous materials were remained after functionalization.The MBZ group density is 0.052 mmol/m^2.The functionalized 3DOM CLPS are expected to application as heavy metal ions adsorbent.
文摘The functional differentiations of stomach cancer specimens from 121 patients were investigated by enzyme-,mucin-,affinity-and immunohistochemical methods, and the stomach cancers were divided into five functionally differentiated types : 1 ) Absorptive Function Differentiation Type (AFDT), 19. 8% ; 2) Mucin Secreting Function Differentiation Type(MSFDT) , 24. 0% ; 3) Absorptive and Mucin-Producing Function Differentiation Type(AMPFDT) , 47. 1%; 4 ) Special Function Differentiation Type(SFDT) , 0. 8 %; and 5) Non-Function Differentiation Type(NFDT) , 8. 3%. The results indicate that stomach cancer tissues of the same histological type often display differing functional differentiation, and these functionally differentiated types have different invasive and metastatic characteristics. In addition, the functionally differentiated types have particular organic affinities of metastasis and different clinical prognoses. This study suggests that this new functional classification may supplement histological classification. The mechanisms of liver and ovary metastases of stomach cancer are also dis-cussed.
基金Project(2017YFC0404802)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(U1965206,51979143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination of the cracking direction constitutes a great challenge.In most cases,the local stress state provides the fundamental criterion to judge the presence of cracks and the direction of crack propagation.However,in the case of three-dimensional analysis,the coordination relationship between grid elements due to occurrence of cracks becomes a difficult problem for this method.In this paper,based on the extended finite element method,the stress-related function field is introduced into the calculation domain,and then the boundary value problem of the function is solved.Subsequently,the envelope surface of all propagation directions can be obtained at one time.At last,the possible surface can be selected as the direction of crack development.Based on the aforementioned procedure,such method greatly reduces the programming complexity of tracking the crack propagation.As a suitable method for simulating tension-induced failure,it can simulate multiple cracks simultaneously.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 29877016).
文摘In this paper, a new hybrid model of amino acid substitution is developed and compared with the others in previous works. The results show that the new hybrid model can characterize the protein sequences very well by calculating Fisher weights, which can denote how much the variants contribute to the classification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant Nos 41971406,41871292]the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province[grant number 2018B020207002]the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China[grant number 201803030034].
文摘The classification of urban functional areas plays an important role in urban planning and resource management.Although previous studies have confirmed that different urban func-tional areas have different morphological structures and Land Surface Temperature(LST)characteristics,these two types of characteristics have rarely been fully integrated and used for functional area classification.In this paper,a new framework for classifying urban functional areas is proposed by combining urban morphological features and LST features.First,metrics are constructed from three levels,namely,building,road and region,which are used to portray urban morphology;LST is retrieved using thermal infrared remote sensing to reflect LST features with four metrics:the average temperature,maximum temperature,temperature difference and standard deviation of temperature.Then,the functional areas are classified into four categories:service/public land,commercial land,residential land and industrial land.A random forest algorithm is used to effectively fuse the features of these two categories and classify the functional areas.The effectiveness of the proposed framework is tested in the study area of Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province.The results show that the combined classification accuracy of the proposed classification method is 0.85,which is 0.26 higher than that of the classification model based on urban morphology and 0.1 higher than that of the classification model based on LST features.The proposed framework verifies that the integration of LST features into urban functional area classification is reliable and effectively combines urban morphology and LST features for functional area classification.
文摘The maximum of k numerical functions defined on , , by , ??is used here in Statistical classification. Previously, it has been used in Statistical Discrimination [1] and in Clustering [2]. We present first some theoretical results on this function, and then its application in classification using a computer program we have developed. This approach leads to clear decisions, even in cases where the extension to several classes of Fisher’s linear discriminant function fails to be effective.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2022J011442.
文摘BACKGROUND Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage(PTBD)is one of the primary clinical treatment options for patients with obstructive jaundice.In recent years,PTBD assisted by three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology has been widely implemented,but its advantages over traditional methods remains inconclusive.Thus,a discussion is warranted.AIM To explore the safety and efficacy of 3D reconstruction technology-assisted PTBD.METHODS We systematically searched the databases including the Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.The search period extended from the establishment of each database to November,2024.We screened the literature according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,assessed the quality of the studies,and extracted data.Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4.1 software.RESULTS A total of 15 studies were included,involving 1434 patients.The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the traditional group,the overall post-operative complications rate in the 3D reconstruction technology group was significantly lower[odds ratio=0.25;95%confidence interval(CI):0.17-0.36,P<0.00001].The overall puncture success rate in the 3D reconstruction group was better than those in the traditional group(odds ratio=3.61;95%CI:1.98-6.55,P<0.0001).However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in the reduction levels of postoperative total bilirubin(mean difference=-1.38;95%CI:-3.29 to 0.53,P=0.16).Subgroup analysis were conducted on the surgery time according to guidance stages of the 3D reconstruction,3D reconstruction imaging modalities,and types of studies.The results were stable,with no significant changes observed.CONCLUSION 3D reconstruction technology significantly improves the puncture success rate and safety of PTBD.However,it has no significant advantage in bile drainage effectiveness.Continued research is warranted to further explore its clinical value and optimize its application.
文摘The highly efficient electrochemical treatment technology for dye-polluted wastewater is one of hot research topics in industrial wastewater treatment.This study reported a three-dimensional electrochemical treatment process integrating graphite intercalation compound(GIC)adsorption,direct anodic oxidation,and·OH oxidation for decolourising Reactive Black 5(RB5)from aqueous solutions.The electrochemical process was optimised using the novel progressive central composite design-response surface methodology(CCD-NPRSM),hybrid artificial neural network-extreme gradient boosting(hybrid ANN-XGBoost),and classification and regression trees(CART).CCD-NPRSM and hybrid ANN-XGBoost were employed to minimise errors in evaluating the electrochemical process involving three manipulated operational parameters:current density,electrolysis(treatment)time,and initial dye concentration.The optimised decolourisation efficiencies were 99.30%,96.63%,and 99.14%for CCD-NPRSM,hybrid ANN-XGBoost,and CART,respectively,compared to the 98.46%RB5 removal rate observed experimentally under optimum conditions:approximately 20 mA/cm^(2) of current density,20 min of electrolysis time,and 65 mg/L of RB5.The optimised mineralisation efficiencies ranged between 89%and 92%for different models based on total organic carbon(TOC).Experimental studies confirmed that the predictive efficiency of optimised models ranked in the descending order of hybrid ANN-XGBoost,CCD-NPRSM,and CART.Model validation using analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed that hybrid ANN-XGBoost had a mean squared error(MSE)and a coefficient of determination(R^(2))of approximately 0.014 and 0.998,respectively,for the RB5 removal efficiency,outperforming CCD-NPRSM with MSE and R^(2) of 0.518 and 0.998,respectively.Overall,the hybrid ANN-XGBoost approach is the most feasible technique for assessing the electrochemical treatment efficiency in RB5 dye wastewater decolourisation.
文摘The core sampling experiments were conducted after hydraulic fracturing in the three-dimensional development zone of Fuling shale gas.Six coring wells of different well types were systematically designed.Based on the integrated engineering technology of post-fracturing drilling,coring and monitoring of shale and the analysis of fracture source tracing,the evaluation of the fracture network after fracturing in the three-dimensional development of shale gas was conducted.The data of core fractures after fracturing indicate that three major types of fractures are formed after fracturing:natural fractures,hydraulic fractures,and fractures induced by external mechanical force,which are further classified into six subcategories:natural structural fractures,natural bedding fractures,hydraulic fractures,hydraulically activated fractures,drilling induced fractures,and fractures induced by core transportation.The forms of the artificial fracture network after fracturing are complex.Hydraulic fractures and hydraulically activated fractures interweave with each other,presenting eight forms of artificial fracture networks,among which the“一”-shaped fracture is the most common,accounting for approximately 70%of the total fractures.When the distance to the fractured wellbore is less than 35 m,the density of the artificial fracture network is relatively high;when it is 35–100 m,the density is lower;and when it is beyond 100 m,the density gradually increases.The results of the fracture tracing in the core sampling area confirm that the current fracturing technology can essentially achieve the differential transformation of the reservoir in the main area of Jiaoshiba block in Fuling.The three-layer three-dimensional development model can efficiently utilize shale gas reserves,although there is still room for improvement in the complexity and propagation uniformity of fractures.It is necessary to further optimize technologies such as close-cutting combined with temporary blocking and deflection within fractures or at fracture mouths,as well as limited flow perforation techniques,to promote the balanced initiation and extension of fractures.
