This paper presents a numerical study of the flow topologies of three-dimensional （3D） flows in a high pressure compressor stator blade row without and with boundary layer aspiration on the hub wall. The stator blad...This paper presents a numerical study of the flow topologies of three-dimensional （3D） flows in a high pressure compressor stator blade row without and with boundary layer aspiration on the hub wall. The stator blade is representative of the first stage operating under transonic inlet conditions and the blade design encourages development of highly complex 3D flows. The blade has a small tip clearance. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） studies show progressive increase of hub corner stall with the increase in incidence. Aspiration is implemented on the hub wall via a slot in the comer between the hub wall and the suction surface. The CFD studies show aspiration to be sensitive to the suction flow rate; lower rate leads to very complex flow struc- tures and increased level of losses whereas higher rate renders aspiration effective for control of hub comer separation. The flow topologies are studied by trace of skin friction lines on the walls. The nature of flow can be explained by the topological rules of closed separation. Furthermore, a deeper analysis is done for a particular case with advanced criterion to test the non-degeneracy of critical points in the flow field.展开更多
The increasing performance demands of modern aero engines necessitate the integrated design of compressor transition ducts with upstream components to reduce the axial length of the engine.However,this design approach...The increasing performance demands of modern aero engines necessitate the integrated design of compressor transition ducts with upstream components to reduce the axial length of the engine.However,this design approach narrows the spacing between the stator and the strut,making traditional research on transition ducts only with struts unsuitable.The numerical results and experimental oil flow visualization results were utilized to reconstruct the three-dimensional flow structures in the stator passages under various operating conditions.Additionally,numerical methods were employed to analyze the mechanisms of the strut's effect on the upstream stator in an aggressive transition duct.The results show that the strut potential field increases the load on the upstream stator,leading to severe blade surface separation and corner separation/stall,and redistributes the inflow angle of the upstream stators circumferentially,resulting in significant differences in the flow structures within the stator passages on both sides.The separation flows within the stator passages mainly manifest in five types:pressure surface separation vortex,suction surface concentrated shedding vortex,suction surface separation vortex,suction surface-corner stall separation vortex,and suction surface separation vortex pair.Under different operating conditions,the separation flows within the stator passages are always composed of a part of these five types or a transitional state between two of them.展开更多
Long-duration energy storage has become critical for renewable energy integration.While redox flow batteries,especially vanadium-based systems,are scaling up in capacity,their performance at the stack level remains in...Long-duration energy storage has become critical for renewable energy integration.While redox flow batteries,especially vanadium-based systems,are scaling up in capacity,their performance at the stack level remains insufficiently optimized,demanding more profound mechanistic studies and engineering refinements.To address the difficulties in resolving the flow inhomogeneity at the stack scale,this study establishes a multi-physics field coupling model and analyzes the pressure distributions,flow rate differences,active substance concentration,and electrochemical characteristics.The results show that the uneven cell pressure distribution is a key factor affecting the consistency of the system performance,and the increase in the flow rate improves the reactant homogeneity,with both the average concentration and the uniformity factor increasing with the flow rate.In contrast,high current densities lead to an increased imbalance between electrochemical depletion and reactant replenishment,resulting in a significant decrease in reactant concentration in the under-ribs region.In addition,a higher flow rate can expand the high-current-density region where the stack operates efficiently.This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of the stack components.展开更多
Convectively unstable processes caused by dense water subsidence are common occurrences in high-latitude oceanic regions,and significantly modulate mass and heat transport and mixing processes in the ocean.An idealize...Convectively unstable processes caused by dense water subsidence are common occurrences in high-latitude oceanic regions,and significantly modulate mass and heat transport and mixing processes in the ocean.An idealized numerical experiment using the large eddy simulation method was conducted to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure and the mechanism for dense water subsidence.Specifically,a negative salt flux is set at the sea surface,in which salt flux enters the sea surface to simulate the icing and salting-out phenomena that occur at high latitudes.Results show that the mean-state 3D flow field of dense water subsidence exhibits a hollow conical distribution.The horizontal flow field is characterized by a cyclonic vortex that driven primarily by the pressure gradient and influenced by the Coriolis effect.Moreover,the inverse vertical pressure gradient generated by this vortex inhibits the sinking of the plume,leading to its off-axis deflection and the development of an anticyclonic precession.In addition,the impact of rotation on the structure of a sinking plume within a stratified environment is discussed.Both horizontal vortex intensity and cone angle of the hollow cone flow field are increased with increasing rotation rate,resulting in a decrease in the plume’s maximum sinking depth.Variances in rotation direction cause the horizontal vortex and sinking plumes of dense water in the northern and southern hemispheres to rotate in opposite directions.展开更多
This paper aims to numerically explore the characteristics of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil,with a focus on vorticity attributes.The simulation utilizes a homogeneous mixture model coupled with ...This paper aims to numerically explore the characteristics of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil,with a focus on vorticity attributes.The simulation utilizes a homogeneous mixture model coupled with a filter-based density correction turbulence model and a modified Zwart cavitation model.The study investigates the dynamic cavitation features of the thermal fluid around the hydrofoil at various incoming flow velocities.It systematically elucidates the evolution of cavitation and vortex dynamics corresponding to each velocity condition.The results indicate that with increasing incoming flow velocity,distinct cavitation processes take place in the flow field.展开更多
Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising techn...Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool wear.However,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet machining.In addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray corrosion.This paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy parts.Based on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively constrained.TB6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was machined.The machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining defects.The machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark discharge.The research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
Cloud cavitation that forms around a two-dimensional hydrofoil may exhibit three-dimensional characteristics.This study investigates the spanwise variations of cloud-cavitating flows through comprehensive analyses of ...Cloud cavitation that forms around a two-dimensional hydrofoil may exhibit three-dimensional characteristics.This study investigates the spanwise variations of cloud-cavitating flows through comprehensive analyses of both numerical results and experimental snapshots.Experiments were conducted in the cavitation tunnel,utilizing high-speed cameras to record the evolution of cavitation,while the cavitating flow of the same configuration was simulated using detached eddy simulation(DES).The three-dimensional shedding phenomena of cloud cavitation,characterized by spanwise variations,are observed in both numerical and experimental results,impacting on the oscillation of hydrodynamic forces.According to the investigation on the spatial-temporal evolution of flow field,two distinct patterns in terms of spanwise shedding of cloud cavitation,namely complete and incomplete shedding,are identified.展开更多
A new continuous-flow process for the enzymatic synthesis of optically pureγ-lactones,which are used as flavors and fragrances in the food and cosmetic industries,was developed in a three-dimensional microfluidic rea...A new continuous-flow process for the enzymatic synthesis of optically pureγ-lactones,which are used as flavors and fragrances in the food and cosmetic industries,was developed in a three-dimensional microfluidic reactor.The microchannels(175 mm in length,0.9 mm in depth,and 1.72 mL in volume)were carved precisely inside a single borosilicate glass(90 mm×75 mm×12 mm)with ultrafast femtosecond laser micromachining.The flow field analysis and reaction simulation showed that the mixing of substrates and enzymes was enhanced,allowing the adjustment of residence time in a wide window.SmCR_(V4),a carbonyl reductase with excellent catalytic activity and enantioselectivity towardγ/δ-keto acids,was employed for the asymmetric synthesis of various chiral lactones.30 mmol/L(R)-γ-decalactone(3g)can be obtained in 26 s with a space-time yield(STY)up to 16,877 g L^(-1)d^(-1),which is 14.4 times higher than the highest STY of batch reaction reported previously.This continuous-flow process was applied to the synthesis of 6 chiral lactones.In addition,the scaled-up synthesis of 3g was carried out in 6 cascade microreactors continuously for 6 h,demonstrating the feasibility and stability of the 3D continuous-flow process in enzymatic synthesis of optically pure compounds.展开更多
The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated cata...The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.展开更多
Three-Dimensional(3D)swirling flow structures,generated by a counter-rotating dualstage swirler in a confined chamber with a confinement ratio of 1.53,were experimentally investigated at Re=2.3×10^(5)using Tomogr...Three-Dimensional(3D)swirling flow structures,generated by a counter-rotating dualstage swirler in a confined chamber with a confinement ratio of 1.53,were experimentally investigated at Re=2.3×10^(5)using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry(Tomo-PIV)and planar Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).Based on the analysis of the 3D time-averaged swirling flow structures and 3D Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD)of the Tomo-PIV data,typical coherent flow structures,including the Corner Recirculation Zone(CRZ),Central Recirculation Zone(CTRZ),and Lip Recirculation Zone(LRZ),were extracted.The counter-rotating dual-stage swirler with a Venturi flare generates the independence process of vortex breakdown from the main stage and pilot stage,leading to the formation of an LRZ and a smaller CTRZ near the nozzle outlet.The confinement squeezes the CRZ to the corner and causes a reverse rotation flow to limit the shape of the CTRZ.A large-scale flow structure caused by the main stage features an explosive breakup,flapping,and Precessing Vortex Core(PVC).The explosive breakup mode dominates the swirling flow structures owing to the expansion and construction of the main jet,whereas the flapping mode is related to the wake perturbation.Confinement limits the expansion of PVC and causes it to contract after the impacting area.展开更多
In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring t...In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major...BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels remains a substantial clinical challenge.Traditionally,these cases often require open abdominal surgery or combined organ resections,and in some instances,the tumors are considered unresectable.Currently,no reports have described the resection of such tumors via laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after the incidental discovery of a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion.Imaging revealed a mass with the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery passing through it.A neurogenic tumor was suspected,with ganglioneuroma being the most likely diagnosis.Following comprehensive preoperative preparation,the retroperitoneal tumor was resected using a three-dimensional laparoscopy combined with an organ suspension technique.The surgical approach involved incising the tumor along the vascular axis and conducting meticulous,vascular-preserving tumor excision.The operation lasted approximately 458 minutes,with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL.The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day.A transient liver injury occurred after surgery but improved rapidly.After 11 months of postoperative follow-up,no complications or tumor recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the feasibility of minimally invasive laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels.展开更多
Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of t...Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of thermal invisibility schemes,they still face two limitations in practical applications.First,objects are typically completely enclosed in traditional cloaks,making them difficult to use and unsuitable for objects with heat sources.Second,although some theoretical proposals have been put forth to change the thermal conductivity of materials to achieve dynamic invisibility,their designs are complex and rigid,making them unsuitable for large-scale use in real threedimensional(3D)spaces.Here,we propose a concept of a thermal dome to achieve 3D invisibility.Our scheme includes an open functional area,greatly enhancing its usability and applicability.It features a reconfigurable structure,constructed with simple isotropic natural materials,making it suitable for dynamic requirements.The performance of our reconfigurable thermal dome has been confirmed through simulations and experiments,consistent with the theory.The introduction of this concept can greatly advance the development of thermal invisibility technology from theory to engineering and provide inspiration for other physical domains,such as direct current electric fields and magnetic fields.展开更多
The three-dimensional spectral analysis method was applied to airglow data from September 2023 to August 2024 derivedfrom an OH airglow imager located at the Hejing station (42.79°N, 83.73°E) to study the pr...The three-dimensional spectral analysis method was applied to airglow data from September 2023 to August 2024 derivedfrom an OH airglow imager located at the Hejing station (42.79°N, 83.73°E) to study the propagation characteristics of gravity waves(GWs) over Northwest China. We found that obvious seasonal variations occur in the propagation of GWs. In spring, GWs mainlypropagate in the northeast direction. In summer and autumn, GWs mainly propagate in the north direction. However, GWs mainlypropagate in the south direction in winter. The direction of GW propagation in the zonal direction is controlled by the wind-filteringeffect, whereas the north–south meridional direction is mainly determined by the location of the wave source. We found that the averageenergy spectrum exhibits a 10%–20% higher intensity in summer and winter compared with spring and autumn. For the first time, wereport the seasonal variation characteristics of GWs over the inland areas of Northwest China, which is of great significance forunderstanding the regional distribution characteristics of GWs.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With ...Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are ne...BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.展开更多
In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understandin...In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.展开更多
文摘This paper presents a numerical study of the flow topologies of three-dimensional （3D） flows in a high pressure compressor stator blade row without and with boundary layer aspiration on the hub wall. The stator blade is representative of the first stage operating under transonic inlet conditions and the blade design encourages development of highly complex 3D flows. The blade has a small tip clearance. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） studies show progressive increase of hub corner stall with the increase in incidence. Aspiration is implemented on the hub wall via a slot in the comer between the hub wall and the suction surface. The CFD studies show aspiration to be sensitive to the suction flow rate; lower rate leads to very complex flow struc- tures and increased level of losses whereas higher rate renders aspiration effective for control of hub comer separation. The flow topologies are studied by trace of skin friction lines on the walls. The nature of flow can be explained by the topological rules of closed separation. Furthermore, a deeper analysis is done for a particular case with advanced criterion to test the non-degeneracy of critical points in the flow field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52276025)the Science Center for Gas Turbine Project of China(Nos.P2022-A-Ⅱ-001-001,P2022-A-Ⅱ-002-001 and P2022-B-Ⅱ-002-001)。
文摘The increasing performance demands of modern aero engines necessitate the integrated design of compressor transition ducts with upstream components to reduce the axial length of the engine.However,this design approach narrows the spacing between the stator and the strut,making traditional research on transition ducts only with struts unsuitable.The numerical results and experimental oil flow visualization results were utilized to reconstruct the three-dimensional flow structures in the stator passages under various operating conditions.Additionally,numerical methods were employed to analyze the mechanisms of the strut's effect on the upstream stator in an aggressive transition duct.The results show that the strut potential field increases the load on the upstream stator,leading to severe blade surface separation and corner separation/stall,and redistributes the inflow angle of the upstream stators circumferentially,resulting in significant differences in the flow structures within the stator passages on both sides.The separation flows within the stator passages mainly manifest in five types:pressure surface separation vortex,suction surface concentrated shedding vortex,suction surface separation vortex,suction surface-corner stall separation vortex,and suction surface separation vortex pair.Under different operating conditions,the separation flows within the stator passages are always composed of a part of these five types or a transitional state between two of them.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.524B2078,12426307,51906203)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2023B0303000002)+6 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023B1515120005)Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(JCYJ20241202125327036,JCYJ20240813100103005)Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Redox Flow Battery for Energy Storage(XMHT20230208003)Research Project on Medium-and Long-Duration Flow Battery Energy Storage Technology(2024KJTW0015)China Association for Science and Technology(OR2308010)High level of special funds(G03034K001)supported by the Center for Computational Science and Engineering at the Southern University of Science and Technology.
文摘Long-duration energy storage has become critical for renewable energy integration.While redox flow batteries,especially vanadium-based systems,are scaling up in capacity,their performance at the stack level remains insufficiently optimized,demanding more profound mechanistic studies and engineering refinements.To address the difficulties in resolving the flow inhomogeneity at the stack scale,this study establishes a multi-physics field coupling model and analyzes the pressure distributions,flow rate differences,active substance concentration,and electrochemical characteristics.The results show that the uneven cell pressure distribution is a key factor affecting the consistency of the system performance,and the increase in the flow rate improves the reactant homogeneity,with both the average concentration and the uniformity factor increasing with the flow rate.In contrast,high current densities lead to an increased imbalance between electrochemical depletion and reactant replenishment,resulting in a significant decrease in reactant concentration in the under-ribs region.In addition,a higher flow rate can expand the high-current-density region where the stack operates efficiently.This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of the stack components.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42250710152,42192562)the Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering(Guangdong Zhuhai)(No.SML 2020 SP 007)。
文摘Convectively unstable processes caused by dense water subsidence are common occurrences in high-latitude oceanic regions,and significantly modulate mass and heat transport and mixing processes in the ocean.An idealized numerical experiment using the large eddy simulation method was conducted to analyze the three-dimensional flow field structure and the mechanism for dense water subsidence.Specifically,a negative salt flux is set at the sea surface,in which salt flux enters the sea surface to simulate the icing and salting-out phenomena that occur at high latitudes.Results show that the mean-state 3D flow field of dense water subsidence exhibits a hollow conical distribution.The horizontal flow field is characterized by a cyclonic vortex that driven primarily by the pressure gradient and influenced by the Coriolis effect.Moreover,the inverse vertical pressure gradient generated by this vortex inhibits the sinking of the plume,leading to its off-axis deflection and the development of an anticyclonic precession.In addition,the impact of rotation on the structure of a sinking plume within a stratified environment is discussed.Both horizontal vortex intensity and cone angle of the hollow cone flow field are increased with increasing rotation rate,resulting in a decrease in the plume’s maximum sinking depth.Variances in rotation direction cause the horizontal vortex and sinking plumes of dense water in the northern and southern hemispheres to rotate in opposite directions.
文摘This paper aims to numerically explore the characteristics of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil,with a focus on vorticity attributes.The simulation utilizes a homogeneous mixture model coupled with a filter-based density correction turbulence model and a modified Zwart cavitation model.The study investigates the dynamic cavitation features of the thermal fluid around the hydrofoil at various incoming flow velocities.It systematically elucidates the evolution of cavitation and vortex dynamics corresponding to each velocity condition.The results indicate that with increasing incoming flow velocity,distinct cavitation processes take place in the flow field.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205468)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710061 and No.2023T160277)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210755)。
文摘Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool wear.However,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet machining.In addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray corrosion.This paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy parts.Based on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively constrained.TB6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was machined.The machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining defects.The machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark discharge.The research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金Project supported by the Fundamental Research Project(GrantNo.9091203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92252205,12402286 and 12172219).
文摘Cloud cavitation that forms around a two-dimensional hydrofoil may exhibit three-dimensional characteristics.This study investigates the spanwise variations of cloud-cavitating flows through comprehensive analyses of both numerical results and experimental snapshots.Experiments were conducted in the cavitation tunnel,utilizing high-speed cameras to record the evolution of cavitation,while the cavitating flow of the same configuration was simulated using detached eddy simulation(DES).The three-dimensional shedding phenomena of cloud cavitation,characterized by spanwise variations,are observed in both numerical and experimental results,impacting on the oscillation of hydrodynamic forces.According to the investigation on the spatial-temporal evolution of flow field,two distinct patterns in terms of spanwise shedding of cloud cavitation,namely complete and incomplete shedding,are identified.
基金financially sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2102804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22078096)。
文摘A new continuous-flow process for the enzymatic synthesis of optically pureγ-lactones,which are used as flavors and fragrances in the food and cosmetic industries,was developed in a three-dimensional microfluidic reactor.The microchannels(175 mm in length,0.9 mm in depth,and 1.72 mL in volume)were carved precisely inside a single borosilicate glass(90 mm×75 mm×12 mm)with ultrafast femtosecond laser micromachining.The flow field analysis and reaction simulation showed that the mixing of substrates and enzymes was enhanced,allowing the adjustment of residence time in a wide window.SmCR_(V4),a carbonyl reductase with excellent catalytic activity and enantioselectivity towardγ/δ-keto acids,was employed for the asymmetric synthesis of various chiral lactones.30 mmol/L(R)-γ-decalactone(3g)can be obtained in 26 s with a space-time yield(STY)up to 16,877 g L^(-1)d^(-1),which is 14.4 times higher than the highest STY of batch reaction reported previously.This continuous-flow process was applied to the synthesis of 6 chiral lactones.In addition,the scaled-up synthesis of 3g was carried out in 6 cascade microreactors continuously for 6 h,demonstrating the feasibility and stability of the 3D continuous-flow process in enzymatic synthesis of optically pure compounds.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA23073008)Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction(Wuhan University)(No.2023–05)Nanning Innovation and Entrepreneur Leading Talent Project(No.2021001).
文摘The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12232002,12072017,12002199,and 11721202)。
文摘Three-Dimensional(3D)swirling flow structures,generated by a counter-rotating dualstage swirler in a confined chamber with a confinement ratio of 1.53,were experimentally investigated at Re=2.3×10^(5)using Tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry(Tomo-PIV)and planar Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).Based on the analysis of the 3D time-averaged swirling flow structures and 3D Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD)of the Tomo-PIV data,typical coherent flow structures,including the Corner Recirculation Zone(CRZ),Central Recirculation Zone(CTRZ),and Lip Recirculation Zone(LRZ),were extracted.The counter-rotating dual-stage swirler with a Venturi flare generates the independence process of vortex breakdown from the main stage and pilot stage,leading to the formation of an LRZ and a smaller CTRZ near the nozzle outlet.The confinement squeezes the CRZ to the corner and causes a reverse rotation flow to limit the shape of the CTRZ.A large-scale flow structure caused by the main stage features an explosive breakup,flapping,and Precessing Vortex Core(PVC).The explosive breakup mode dominates the swirling flow structures owing to the expansion and construction of the main jet,whereas the flapping mode is related to the wake perturbation.Confinement limits the expansion of PVC and causes it to contract after the impacting area.
基金Sponsored by the Project of Sichuan Landscape and Recreation Research Center(JGYQ2020037).
文摘In this study,CiteSpace software is used to carry out visual analysis on the three-dimensional research literature on urban recreation space from the perspective of compact city theory in the past 20 years,exploring the scientific development trend and research hotspots in this field.The results show that the number of published documents shows a fluctuating upward trend,and the significant growth rate reflects the role of policy orientation in promoting the concept of compact city.The co-occurrence analysis of keywords reveals the research hotspots of“compact city”,“recreation space”and“urban park”,while the emergence of new keywords such as“vertical city”and“spatial justice”indicates the new trend of recent research.The cluster analysis and timeline map further show the evolution of research themes,with“compact city”being the largest cluster and having rich connections with other themes such as“urban design”and“urban park”.
基金Supported by the Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2022KY1325 and No.2023KY381Public Welfare Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Plan,No.2023-4-084Major Project of Jinhua Science and Technology Plan,No.2023-3-066.
文摘BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma is a rare,well-differentiated,slow-growing benign tumor of the peripheral nerves,with surgical resection being the only curative treatment.Surgical resection of ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels remains a substantial clinical challenge.Traditionally,these cases often require open abdominal surgery or combined organ resections,and in some instances,the tumors are considered unresectable.Currently,no reports have described the resection of such tumors via laparoscopy.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital after the incidental discovery of a retroperitoneal space-occupying lesion.Imaging revealed a mass with the celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery passing through it.A neurogenic tumor was suspected,with ganglioneuroma being the most likely diagnosis.Following comprehensive preoperative preparation,the retroperitoneal tumor was resected using a three-dimensional laparoscopy combined with an organ suspension technique.The surgical approach involved incising the tumor along the vascular axis and conducting meticulous,vascular-preserving tumor excision.The operation lasted approximately 458 minutes,with an estimated blood loss of 50 mL.The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day.A transient liver injury occurred after surgery but improved rapidly.After 11 months of postoperative follow-up,no complications or tumor recurrence were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the feasibility of minimally invasive laparoscopic resection for retroperitoneal ganglioneuromas encasing major blood vessels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Jiping Huang(12035004 and 12320101004)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission to Jiping Huang(2023ZKZD06)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Ying Li(92163123 and 52250191)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China to Ying Li(LZ24A050002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Liujun Xu(12375040,12088101,and U2330401).
文摘Thermal metamaterial represents a groundbreaking approach to control heat conduction,and,as a crucial component,thermal invisibility is of utmost importance for heat management.Despite the flourishing development of thermal invisibility schemes,they still face two limitations in practical applications.First,objects are typically completely enclosed in traditional cloaks,making them difficult to use and unsuitable for objects with heat sources.Second,although some theoretical proposals have been put forth to change the thermal conductivity of materials to achieve dynamic invisibility,their designs are complex and rigid,making them unsuitable for large-scale use in real threedimensional(3D)spaces.Here,we propose a concept of a thermal dome to achieve 3D invisibility.Our scheme includes an open functional area,greatly enhancing its usability and applicability.It features a reconfigurable structure,constructed with simple isotropic natural materials,making it suitable for dynamic requirements.The performance of our reconfigurable thermal dome has been confirmed through simulations and experiments,consistent with the theory.The introduction of this concept can greatly advance the development of thermal invisibility technology from theory to engineering and provide inspiration for other physical domains,such as direct current electric fields and magnetic fields.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42374205 and 41974179)the Specialized Research Fund of the National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.E4PD3010)supported by the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories.
文摘The three-dimensional spectral analysis method was applied to airglow data from September 2023 to August 2024 derivedfrom an OH airglow imager located at the Hejing station (42.79°N, 83.73°E) to study the propagation characteristics of gravity waves(GWs) over Northwest China. We found that obvious seasonal variations occur in the propagation of GWs. In spring, GWs mainlypropagate in the northeast direction. In summer and autumn, GWs mainly propagate in the north direction. However, GWs mainlypropagate in the south direction in winter. The direction of GW propagation in the zonal direction is controlled by the wind-filteringeffect, whereas the north–south meridional direction is mainly determined by the location of the wave source. We found that the averageenergy spectrum exhibits a 10%–20% higher intensity in summer and winter compared with spring and autumn. For the first time, wereport the seasonal variation characteristics of GWs over the inland areas of Northwest China, which is of great significance forunderstanding the regional distribution characteristics of GWs.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
文摘Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.
基金Supported by the 2022 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2022sx031the 2023 Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Higher Education Institutions,No.2023jyxm1071.
文摘BACKGROUND Inguinal hernias are common after surgery.Tension-free repair is widely accepted as the main method for managing inguinal hernias.Adequate exposure,coverage,and repair of the myopectineal orifice(MPO)are necessary.However,due to differences in race and sex,people’s body shapes vary.According to European guidelines,the patch should measure 10 cm×15 cm.If any part of the MPO is dissected,injury to the nerves,vascular network,or organs may occur during surgery,thereby leading to inguinal discomfort,pain,and seroma formation after surgery.Therefore,accurate localization and measurement of the boundary of the MPO are crucial for selecting the optimal patch for inguinal hernia repair.AIM To compare the size of the MPO measured on three-dimensional multislice spiral computed tomography(CT)with that measured via laparoscopy and explore the relevant factors influencing the size of the MPO.METHODS Clinical data from 74 patients who underwent laparoscopic tension-free inguinal hernia repair at the General Surgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology between September 2022 and July 2024 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Transabdominal preperitoneal was performed.Sixty-four males and 10 females,with an average age of 58.30±12.32 years,were included.The clinical data of the patients were collected.The boundary of the MPO was measured on three-dimensional CT images before surgery and then again during transabdominal preperitoneal.All the preoperative and intraoperative data were analyzed via paired t-tests.A t-test was used for comparisons of age,body mass index,and sex between the groups.In the comparative analysis,a P value less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference.RESULTS The boundaries of the MPO on 3-dimensional CT images measured 7.05±0.47 cm and 6.27±0.61 cm,and the area of the MPO was 19.54±3.33 cm^(2).The boundaries of the MPO during surgery were 7.18±0.51 cm and 6.17±0.40 cm.The errors were not statistically significant.However,the intraoperative BD(the width of the MPO,P=0.024,P<0.05)and preoperative AC(the length of the MPO,P=0.045,P<0.05)significantly differed according to sex.The AC and BD measurements before and during surgery were not significantly different according to age,body mass index,hernia side or hernia type(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The application of this technology can aid in determining the most appropriate dissection range and patch size.
基金support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E2ET0411X2).
文摘In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.
