Based on CT scanning pictures from a volunteer＇s knee joint, a three-dimensional finite element model of the healthy human knee joint is constructed including complete femur, tibia, fibular, patellar and the main car...Based on CT scanning pictures from a volunteer＇s knee joint, a three-dimensional finite element model of the healthy human knee joint is constructed including complete femur, tibia, fibular, patellar and the main cartilage and ligaments. This model was validated using experimental and numerical results obtained from other authors. The pressure distribution of contact surfaces of knee joint are calculated and analyzed under the load action of ‘heel strike＇, ‘single limb stance＇ and ‘toe-off＇. The results of the gait cycle are that the contact areas of medial cartilage are larger than that of lateral cartilage; the contact force and contact areas would grow larger with the load increasing; the pressure of lateral meniscus is steady, relative to the significant variation of peak pressure in medial meniscus; and the peak value of contact pressure on all components are usually found at about 4570 of the gait cycle.展开更多
In the repair of peripheral nerve injury using autologous or synthetic nerve grafting, the mag- nitude of tensile forces at the anastomosis affects its response to physiological stress and the ultimate success of the ...In the repair of peripheral nerve injury using autologous or synthetic nerve grafting, the mag- nitude of tensile forces at the anastomosis affects its response to physiological stress and the ultimate success of the treatment. One-dimensional stretching is commonly used to measure changes in tensile stress and strain; however, the accuracy of this simple method is limited. There- fore, in the present study, we established three-dimensional finite element models of sciatic nerve defects repaired by autologous nerve grafts. Using PRO E 5.0 finite element simulation software, we calculated the maximum stress and displacement of an anastomosis under a 5 N load in 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-mm long autologous nerve grafts. We found that maximum displacement increased with graft length, consistent with specimen force. These findings indicate that three-dimensional finite element simulation is a feasible method for analyzing stress and displacement at the anas- tomosis after autologous nerve grafting.展开更多
The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil i...The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.展开更多
An optimized device structure for reducing the RESET current of phase-change random access memory （PCRAM） with blade-type like （BTL） phase change layer is proposed. The electrical thermal analysis of the BTL cell ...An optimized device structure for reducing the RESET current of phase-change random access memory （PCRAM） with blade-type like （BTL） phase change layer is proposed. The electrical thermal analysis of the BTL cell and the blade heater contactor structure by three-dimensional finite element modeling are compared with each other during RESET operation. The simulation results show that the programming region of the phase change layer in the BTL cell is much smaller, and thermal electrical distributions of the BTL cell are more concentrated on the TiN/GST interface. The results indicate that the BTL cell has the superiorities of increasing the heating efficiency, decreasing the power consumption and reducing the RESET current from 0.67mA to 0.32mA. Therefore, the BTL cell will be appropriate for high performance PCRAM device with lower power consumption and lower RESET current.展开更多
In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination...In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination of the cracking direction constitutes a great challenge.In most cases,the local stress state provides the fundamental criterion to judge the presence of cracks and the direction of crack propagation.However,in the case of three-dimensional analysis,the coordination relationship between grid elements due to occurrence of cracks becomes a difficult problem for this method.In this paper,based on the extended finite element method,the stress-related function field is introduced into the calculation domain,and then the boundary value problem of the function is solved.Subsequently,the envelope surface of all propagation directions can be obtained at one time.At last,the possible surface can be selected as the direction of crack development.Based on the aforementioned procedure,such method greatly reduces the programming complexity of tracking the crack propagation.As a suitable method for simulating tension-induced failure,it can simulate multiple cracks simultaneously.展开更多
The application of a combined finite-discrete element modeling approach to simu late the three-dimensional microscopic compaction behavior of single-layer met al powder system was described. The process was treated as...The application of a combined finite-discrete element modeling approach to simu late the three-dimensional microscopic compaction behavior of single-layer met al powder system was described. The process was treated as a static problem,wit h kinematical component being neglected. Due to ill condition,Cholesky’s metho d failed to solve the system equations,while conjugate gradient method was trie d and yielded good results. Deformation of the particles was examined and compar ed with the results of physical modeling experiments. In both cases,the inner p articles were deformed from sphere to polygonal column,with the edges turning f rom arc to straight line. The edge number of a particle was equal to the number of particles surrounding it. And the experiments show that the ductile metal par ticles can be densified only by their plastic deformation without the occurrence of rearrangement phenomenon.展开更多
A new method of three-dimensional remeshing is proposed for rigid-plastic finiteelement analysis of a complicated forging process.The forging process of a cylindricalhousing has been simulated to show the effectivenes...A new method of three-dimensional remeshing is proposed for rigid-plastic finiteelement analysis of a complicated forging process.The forging process of a cylindricalhousing has been simulated to show the effectiveness of the scheme.The result ofsimulation shows that the computation can be effectively carried out by using the des-cribed remeshing scheme.展开更多
Petroleum science has made remarkable progress in organic geochcmistry and in the research into the theories of petroleum origin, its transport and accumulation. In estimating the oil-gas resources of a basin, the kno...Petroleum science has made remarkable progress in organic geochcmistry and in the research into the theories of petroleum origin, its transport and accumulation. In estimating the oil-gas resources of a basin, the knowledge of its evolutionary history and especially the numerical computation of fluid flow and the history of its changes under heat is vital. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differentical equations with initial-boundary value problems. This thesis, from actual conditions such as the effect of fluid compressibility and the three-dimensional characteristic of large-scale science-engineering computation, we put forward a kind of characteristic finite element alternating-direction schemes and obtain optimal order estimates in L^2 norm for the error in the approximate assumption.展开更多
In this paper,a composite numerical scheme is proposed to solve the threedimensional Darcy-Forchheimer miscible displacement problem with positive semi-definite assumptions.A mixed finite element is used for the fow e...In this paper,a composite numerical scheme is proposed to solve the threedimensional Darcy-Forchheimer miscible displacement problem with positive semi-definite assumptions.A mixed finite element is used for the fow equation.The velocity and pressure are computed simultaneously.The accuracy of velocity is improved one order.The concentration equation is solved by using mixed finite element,multi-step difference and upwind approximation.A multi-step method is used to approximate time derivative for improving the accuracy.The upwind approximation and an expanded mixed finite element are adopted to solve the convection and diffusion,respectively.The composite method could compute the diffusion flux and its gradient.It possibly becomes an eficient tool for solving convection-dominated diffusion problems.Firstly,the conservation of mass holds.Secondly,the multi-step method has high accuracy.Thirdly,the upwind approximation could avoid numerical dispersion.Using numerical analysis of a priori estimates and special techniques of differential equations,we give an error estimates for a positive definite problem.Numerical experiments illustrate its computational efficiency and feasibility of application.展开更多
Three-dimensional simulations of ferroelectric hysteresis and butterfly loops are carried out based on solving the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations using a finite volume method. The influence of externally mec...Three-dimensional simulations of ferroelectric hysteresis and butterfly loops are carried out based on solving the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations using a finite volume method. The influence of externally mechanical loadings with a tensile strain and a compressive strain on the hysteresis and butterfly loops is studied numerically. Different from the traditional finite element and finite difference methods, the finite volume method is applicable to simulate the ferroelectric phase transitions and properties of ferroelectric materials even for more realistic and physical problems.展开更多
Two full 3D steady mathematical models are developed by finite element method （FEM） to calcalate coupled physics fields. the electro-magnetic model is built and solved first and so is the fluid motion model with the...Two full 3D steady mathematical models are developed by finite element method （FEM） to calcalate coupled physics fields. the electro-magnetic model is built and solved first and so is the fluid motion model with the acquired electromagnetic force as source body forces in Navier-Stokes equations. Effects caused by the ferromagnetic shell, busbar system around, and open boundary problem as well as inside induced current were considered in terms of the magnetic field. Furthermore, a new modeling method is found to set up solid models and then mesh them entirely with so-called structuralized grids, namely hex-mesh. Examples of 75kA prebaked cell with two kinds of busbar arrangements are presented. Results agree with those disclosed in the literature and confirm that the coupled simulation is valid. It is also concluded that the usage of these models facilitates the consistent analysis of the electric field to magnetic field and then flow motion to the greater extent, local distributions of current density and magnetic flux density are very much dependent on the cell structure, the steel shell is a shield to reduce the magnetic field and flow pattern is two dimensional in the main body of the metal pad.展开更多
Research in different areas of orthopedic and trauma surgery requires a methodology that allows both a more economic approach and the ability to reproduce different situations in an easy way. Simulation models have be...Research in different areas of orthopedic and trauma surgery requires a methodology that allows both a more economic approach and the ability to reproduce different situations in an easy way. Simulation models have been introduced recently in bioengineering and could become an essential tool in the study of any physiological unity, regardless of its complexity. The main problem in modeling with finite elements simulation is to achieve an accurate reproduction of the anatomy and a perfect correlation of the different structures, in any region of the human body. Authors have developed a mixed technique, joining the use of a three-dimensional laser scanner Roland Picza captured together with computed tomography(CT) and 3D CT images, to achieve a perfect reproduction of the anatomy. Finite element(FE) simulation lets us know the biomechanical changes that take place after hipprostheses or osteosynthesis implantation and biological responses of bone to biomechanical changes. The simulation models are able to predict changes in bone stress distribution around the implant, so allowing preventing future pathologies. The development of a FE model of lumbar spine is another interesting application of the simulation. The model allows research on the lumbar spine, not only in physiological conditions but also simulating different load conditions, to assess the impact on biomechanics. Different degrees of disc degeneration can also be simulated to determine the impact on adjacent anatomical elements. Finally, FE models may be useful to test different fixation systems, i.e., pedicular screws, interbody devices or rigid fixations compared with the dynamic ones. We have also developed models of lumbar spine and hip joint to predict the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, based on densitometric determinations and specific biomechanical models, including approaches from damage and fracture mechanics. FE simulations also allow us to predict the behavior of orthopedic splints applied to the correction of deformities, providing the recovering force-displacement and angle-moment curves that characterize the mechanical behavior of the splint in the overall range of movement.展开更多
A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-indu...A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects.The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model.There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model.The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss.Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline.Within the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are induced.It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect.展开更多
The evolution of microstructure in the drawing process of commercially pure aluminum wire （CPAW） does not only depend on the nature of materials, but also on the stress profile. In this study, the effect of stress p...The evolution of microstructure in the drawing process of commercially pure aluminum wire （CPAW） does not only depend on the nature of materials, but also on the stress profile. In this study, the effect of stress profile on the texture evolution of the CPAW was systematically investigated by combining the numerical simulation and the microstructure observation. The results show that the tensile stress at the wire center promotes the formation of 〈111〉 texture, whereas the shear stress nearby the rim makes little contribution to the texture formation. Therefore, the 〈111 〉 texture at the wire center is stronger than that in the surface layer, which also results in a higher microhardness at the center of the CPAW under axial loading.2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science ＆ Technology.展开更多
To investigate the effects of billet geometry on the cold precision forging process of a helical gear, six different billet geometries were designed utilizing the relief-hole principle. And the influences of the bille...To investigate the effects of billet geometry on the cold precision forging process of a helical gear, six different billet geometries were designed utilizing the relief-hole principle. And the influences of the billet geometry on the forming load and the deformation uniformity were analyzed by three-dimensional （3D） finite element method （FEM） under the commercial software DEFORM 3D. The billet geometry was optimized to meet lower forming load and better deformation uniformity requirement. Deformation mechanism was studied through the distribution of flow velocity field and effective strain field. The forging experiments of the helical gear were successfully performed using lead material as a model material under the same process conditions used in the FE simulations. The results show that the forming load decreases as the diameter of relief-hole do increases, but the effect of do on the deformation uniformity is very complicated. The forming load is lower and the deformation is more uniform when do is 10 mm.展开更多
This study describes the details of how to construct a three-dimensional （3D） finite element model of a maxillary first premolar tooth based on micro-CT data acquisition technique, MIMICS soft- ware and ANSYS softwa...This study describes the details of how to construct a three-dimensional （3D） finite element model of a maxillary first premolar tooth based on micro-CT data acquisition technique, MIMICS soft- ware and ANSYS software. The tooth was scanned by micro-CT, in which 1295 slices were obtained and then 648 slices were selected for modeling. The 3D surface mesh models of enamel and dentin were created by MIMICS （STL file）. The solid mesh model was constructed by ANSYS. After the material properties and boundary conditions were set, a loading analysis was performed to demonstrate the ap- plicableness of the resulting model. The first and third principal stresses were then evaluated. The re- suits showed that the number of nodes and elements of the finite element model were 56 618 and 311801, respectively. The geometric form of the model was highly consistent with that of the true tooth, and the deviation between them was ~）.28%. The loading analysis revealed the typical stress patterns in the contour map. The maximum compressive stress existed in the contact points and the maximum tensile stress existed in the deep fissure between the two cusps. It is concluded that by using the micro-CT and highly integrated software, construction of the 3D finite element model with high quality will not be difficult for clinical researchers.展开更多
To study the hot deformation behavior of Mg-8.3 Gd-4.4 Y-1.5 Zn-0.8 Mn(wt%) alloy,hot compression tests were conducted using a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator at temperatures ranging from 653 to773 K,true strain rates ...To study the hot deformation behavior of Mg-8.3 Gd-4.4 Y-1.5 Zn-0.8 Mn(wt%) alloy,hot compression tests were conducted using a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator at temperatures ranging from 653 to773 K,true strain rates of 0.001-1 s^(-1),and a deformation degree of 60%.Results of hot compression experiments show that the flow stress of the alloy increases with the strain rate.The true stress-true strain curves are corrected by correcting the effect of temperature rise in the deformation process.Activation energy,Q,equal to 287380 J/mol and material constant,n,equal to 4.59 were calculated by fitting the true stress-true strain curves.Then,the constitutive equation was established and verified via finite element simulation.Results of the hot processing map show that the probability of material instability increases with the degree of deformation,which indicates that the material is not suitable for large deformation in a single pass.On the whole,the alloy is appropriate for multipass processing with small deformation and a suitable processing temperature and strain rate are 733 K and 0.01 s-1,respectively.展开更多
Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a goo...Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a good approach was proposed to extract the plastic properties or constitutive equations of metals from nanoindentation test combining finite element simulation. Firstly, without consideration of strain hardening, the representative stress was determined by varying assumed representative stress over a wide range until a good agreement was reached between the computed and experimental loading curves. Similarly, the corresponding representative strain was determined with different hypothetical values of strain hardening exponent in the range of 0-0.6. Through modulating assumed strain hardening exponent values to make the computed unloading curve coincide with that of the experiment, the real strain hardening exponent was acquired. Once the strain hardening exponent was determined, the initial yield stress ay of metals could be obtained by the power law constitution. The validity of the proposed methodology was verified by three real metals： AISI 304 steel, Fe andA1 alloy.展开更多
A thermo-mechanical coupling.finite element model was built to investigate the inertia friction welding of GH4169 bars. The remeshing and map solution techniques were adopted. Ttle whole welding process was investigat...A thermo-mechanical coupling.finite element model was built to investigate the inertia friction welding of GH4169 bars. The remeshing and map solution techniques were adopted. Ttle whole welding process was investigated by adopting an innovative heat generation model and the flywheel rotational speed measured via the experiment. The simulated evolution of axial shortening shows a good agreement with the experiment. In addition, extensive .strain concentration presents in the interface and flash, and the largest ,strain exists near the flash root. Moreover, an intere.sting thermal reflux phenomenon during the cooling stage was found.展开更多
Being aimed at the ground subsidence due to underground coal mining,a numerical model of rock was established and an appropriate method of numerical simulation was put forward.Using the measured subsidence data on the...Being aimed at the ground subsidence due to underground coal mining,a numerical model of rock was established and an appropriate method of numerical simulation was put forward.Using the measured subsidence data on the ground,the equivalent mechanical parameters of the rock stratums can be back-calculated by the properly treatment of coal excavation area,then the ground subsidence of other coal mining area can be predicted by FFM.It provided reference for the treatment of the buildings on the ground of this colliery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10702048).
文摘Based on CT scanning pictures from a volunteer＇s knee joint, a three-dimensional finite element model of the healthy human knee joint is constructed including complete femur, tibia, fibular, patellar and the main cartilage and ligaments. This model was validated using experimental and numerical results obtained from other authors. The pressure distribution of contact surfaces of knee joint are calculated and analyzed under the load action of ‘heel strike＇, ‘single limb stance＇ and ‘toe-off＇. The results of the gait cycle are that the contact areas of medial cartilage are larger than that of lateral cartilage; the contact force and contact areas would grow larger with the load increasing; the pressure of lateral meniscus is steady, relative to the significant variation of peak pressure in medial meniscus; and the peak value of contact pressure on all components are usually found at about 4570 of the gait cycle.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province in China,No.20110492
文摘In the repair of peripheral nerve injury using autologous or synthetic nerve grafting, the mag- nitude of tensile forces at the anastomosis affects its response to physiological stress and the ultimate success of the treatment. One-dimensional stretching is commonly used to measure changes in tensile stress and strain; however, the accuracy of this simple method is limited. There- fore, in the present study, we established three-dimensional finite element models of sciatic nerve defects repaired by autologous nerve grafts. Using PRO E 5.0 finite element simulation software, we calculated the maximum stress and displacement of an anastomosis under a 5 N load in 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-mm long autologous nerve grafts. We found that maximum displacement increased with graft length, consistent with specimen force. These findings indicate that three-dimensional finite element simulation is a feasible method for analyzing stress and displacement at the anas- tomosis after autologous nerve grafting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41174157)
文摘The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDA09020402the National Integrate Circuit Research Program of China under Grant No 2009ZX02023-003+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61261160500,61376006,61401444 and 61504157the Science and Technology Council of Shanghai under Grant Nos 14DZ2294900,15DZ2270900 and 14ZR1447500
文摘An optimized device structure for reducing the RESET current of phase-change random access memory （PCRAM） with blade-type like （BTL） phase change layer is proposed. The electrical thermal analysis of the BTL cell and the blade heater contactor structure by three-dimensional finite element modeling are compared with each other during RESET operation. The simulation results show that the programming region of the phase change layer in the BTL cell is much smaller, and thermal electrical distributions of the BTL cell are more concentrated on the TiN/GST interface. The results indicate that the BTL cell has the superiorities of increasing the heating efficiency, decreasing the power consumption and reducing the RESET current from 0.67mA to 0.32mA. Therefore, the BTL cell will be appropriate for high performance PCRAM device with lower power consumption and lower RESET current.
基金Project(2017YFC0404802)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(U1965206,51979143)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In the finite element method,the numerical simulation of three-dimensional crack propagation is relatively rare,and it is often realized by commercial programs.In addition to the geometric complexity,the determination of the cracking direction constitutes a great challenge.In most cases,the local stress state provides the fundamental criterion to judge the presence of cracks and the direction of crack propagation.However,in the case of three-dimensional analysis,the coordination relationship between grid elements due to occurrence of cracks becomes a difficult problem for this method.In this paper,based on the extended finite element method,the stress-related function field is introduced into the calculation domain,and then the boundary value problem of the function is solved.Subsequently,the envelope surface of all propagation directions can be obtained at one time.At last,the possible surface can be selected as the direction of crack development.Based on the aforementioned procedure,such method greatly reduces the programming complexity of tracking the crack propagation.As a suitable method for simulating tension-induced failure,it can simulate multiple cracks simultaneously.
文摘The application of a combined finite-discrete element modeling approach to simu late the three-dimensional microscopic compaction behavior of single-layer met al powder system was described. The process was treated as a static problem,wit h kinematical component being neglected. Due to ill condition,Cholesky’s metho d failed to solve the system equations,while conjugate gradient method was trie d and yielded good results. Deformation of the particles was examined and compar ed with the results of physical modeling experiments. In both cases,the inner p articles were deformed from sphere to polygonal column,with the edges turning f rom arc to straight line. The edge number of a particle was equal to the number of particles surrounding it. And the experiments show that the ductile metal par ticles can be densified only by their plastic deformation without the occurrence of rearrangement phenomenon.
文摘A new method of three-dimensional remeshing is proposed for rigid-plastic finiteelement analysis of a complicated forging process.The forging process of a cylindricalhousing has been simulated to show the effectiveness of the scheme.The result ofsimulation shows that the computation can be effectively carried out by using the des-cribed remeshing scheme.
基金Project supported by the National Science Foundation,the National Scaling Programthe Doctoral Foundation of the National Education Commission
文摘Petroleum science has made remarkable progress in organic geochcmistry and in the research into the theories of petroleum origin, its transport and accumulation. In estimating the oil-gas resources of a basin, the knowledge of its evolutionary history and especially the numerical computation of fluid flow and the history of its changes under heat is vital. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differentical equations with initial-boundary value problems. This thesis, from actual conditions such as the effect of fluid compressibility and the three-dimensional characteristic of large-scale science-engineering computation, we put forward a kind of characteristic finite element alternating-direction schemes and obtain optimal order estimates in L^2 norm for the error in the approximate assumption.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MA019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11871312)。
文摘In this paper,a composite numerical scheme is proposed to solve the threedimensional Darcy-Forchheimer miscible displacement problem with positive semi-definite assumptions.A mixed finite element is used for the fow equation.The velocity and pressure are computed simultaneously.The accuracy of velocity is improved one order.The concentration equation is solved by using mixed finite element,multi-step difference and upwind approximation.A multi-step method is used to approximate time derivative for improving the accuracy.The upwind approximation and an expanded mixed finite element are adopted to solve the convection and diffusion,respectively.The composite method could compute the diffusion flux and its gradient.It possibly becomes an eficient tool for solving convection-dominated diffusion problems.Firstly,the conservation of mass holds.Secondly,the multi-step method has high accuracy.Thirdly,the upwind approximation could avoid numerical dispersion.Using numerical analysis of a priori estimates and special techniques of differential equations,we give an error estimates for a positive definite problem.Numerical experiments illustrate its computational efficiency and feasibility of application.
基金Supported by the Research Starting Funds for Imported Talents of Ningxia University under Grant No BQD2012011
文摘Three-dimensional simulations of ferroelectric hysteresis and butterfly loops are carried out based on solving the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations using a finite volume method. The influence of externally mechanical loadings with a tensile strain and a compressive strain on the hysteresis and butterfly loops is studied numerically. Different from the traditional finite element and finite difference methods, the finite volume method is applicable to simulate the ferroelectric phase transitions and properties of ferroelectric materials even for more realistic and physical problems.
基金the National High Technical Reasearch and Development Programme of China （No. 2003AA327140） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 50374081）.
文摘Two full 3D steady mathematical models are developed by finite element method （FEM） to calcalate coupled physics fields. the electro-magnetic model is built and solved first and so is the fluid motion model with the acquired electromagnetic force as source body forces in Navier-Stokes equations. Effects caused by the ferromagnetic shell, busbar system around, and open boundary problem as well as inside induced current were considered in terms of the magnetic field. Furthermore, a new modeling method is found to set up solid models and then mesh them entirely with so-called structuralized grids, namely hex-mesh. Examples of 75kA prebaked cell with two kinds of busbar arrangements are presented. Results agree with those disclosed in the literature and confirm that the coupled simulation is valid. It is also concluded that the usage of these models facilitates the consistent analysis of the electric field to magnetic field and then flow motion to the greater extent, local distributions of current density and magnetic flux density are very much dependent on the cell structure, the steel shell is a shield to reduce the magnetic field and flow pattern is two dimensional in the main body of the metal pad.
文摘Research in different areas of orthopedic and trauma surgery requires a methodology that allows both a more economic approach and the ability to reproduce different situations in an easy way. Simulation models have been introduced recently in bioengineering and could become an essential tool in the study of any physiological unity, regardless of its complexity. The main problem in modeling with finite elements simulation is to achieve an accurate reproduction of the anatomy and a perfect correlation of the different structures, in any region of the human body. Authors have developed a mixed technique, joining the use of a three-dimensional laser scanner Roland Picza captured together with computed tomography(CT) and 3D CT images, to achieve a perfect reproduction of the anatomy. Finite element(FE) simulation lets us know the biomechanical changes that take place after hipprostheses or osteosynthesis implantation and biological responses of bone to biomechanical changes. The simulation models are able to predict changes in bone stress distribution around the implant, so allowing preventing future pathologies. The development of a FE model of lumbar spine is another interesting application of the simulation. The model allows research on the lumbar spine, not only in physiological conditions but also simulating different load conditions, to assess the impact on biomechanics. Different degrees of disc degeneration can also be simulated to determine the impact on adjacent anatomical elements. Finally, FE models may be useful to test different fixation systems, i.e., pedicular screws, interbody devices or rigid fixations compared with the dynamic ones. We have also developed models of lumbar spine and hip joint to predict the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, based on densitometric determinations and specific biomechanical models, including approaches from damage and fracture mechanics. FE simulations also allow us to predict the behavior of orthopedic splints applied to the correction of deformities, providing the recovering force-displacement and angle-moment curves that characterize the mechanical behavior of the splint in the overall range of movement.
文摘A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects.The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model.There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model.The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss.Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline.Within the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are induced.It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect.
基金financially supported by the State Grid Corporation of China (No. 52110416001z)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51331007)
文摘The evolution of microstructure in the drawing process of commercially pure aluminum wire （CPAW） does not only depend on the nature of materials, but also on the stress profile. In this study, the effect of stress profile on the texture evolution of the CPAW was systematically investigated by combining the numerical simulation and the microstructure observation. The results show that the tensile stress at the wire center promotes the formation of 〈111〉 texture, whereas the shear stress nearby the rim makes little contribution to the texture formation. Therefore, the 〈111 〉 texture at the wire center is stronger than that in the surface layer, which also results in a higher microhardness at the center of the CPAW under axial loading.2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science ＆ Technology.
基金Project(51105287)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘To investigate the effects of billet geometry on the cold precision forging process of a helical gear, six different billet geometries were designed utilizing the relief-hole principle. And the influences of the billet geometry on the forming load and the deformation uniformity were analyzed by three-dimensional （3D） finite element method （FEM） under the commercial software DEFORM 3D. The billet geometry was optimized to meet lower forming load and better deformation uniformity requirement. Deformation mechanism was studied through the distribution of flow velocity field and effective strain field. The forging experiments of the helical gear were successfully performed using lead material as a model material under the same process conditions used in the FE simulations. The results show that the forming load decreases as the diameter of relief-hole do increases, but the effect of do on the deformation uniformity is very complicated. The forming load is lower and the deformation is more uniform when do is 10 mm.
文摘This study describes the details of how to construct a three-dimensional （3D） finite element model of a maxillary first premolar tooth based on micro-CT data acquisition technique, MIMICS soft- ware and ANSYS software. The tooth was scanned by micro-CT, in which 1295 slices were obtained and then 648 slices were selected for modeling. The 3D surface mesh models of enamel and dentin were created by MIMICS （STL file）. The solid mesh model was constructed by ANSYS. After the material properties and boundary conditions were set, a loading analysis was performed to demonstrate the ap- plicableness of the resulting model. The first and third principal stresses were then evaluated. The re- suits showed that the number of nodes and elements of the finite element model were 56 618 and 311801, respectively. The geometric form of the model was highly consistent with that of the true tooth, and the deviation between them was ~）.28%. The loading analysis revealed the typical stress patterns in the contour map. The maximum compressive stress existed in the contact points and the maximum tensile stress existed in the deep fissure between the two cusps. It is concluded that by using the micro-CT and highly integrated software, construction of the 3D finite element model with high quality will not be difficult for clinical researchers.
基金Project supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (51874062)。
文摘To study the hot deformation behavior of Mg-8.3 Gd-4.4 Y-1.5 Zn-0.8 Mn(wt%) alloy,hot compression tests were conducted using a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator at temperatures ranging from 653 to773 K,true strain rates of 0.001-1 s^(-1),and a deformation degree of 60%.Results of hot compression experiments show that the flow stress of the alloy increases with the strain rate.The true stress-true strain curves are corrected by correcting the effect of temperature rise in the deformation process.Activation energy,Q,equal to 287380 J/mol and material constant,n,equal to 4.59 were calculated by fitting the true stress-true strain curves.Then,the constitutive equation was established and verified via finite element simulation.Results of the hot processing map show that the probability of material instability increases with the degree of deformation,which indicates that the material is not suitable for large deformation in a single pass.On the whole,the alloy is appropriate for multipass processing with small deformation and a suitable processing temperature and strain rate are 733 K and 0.01 s-1,respectively.
基金Project （51171125） supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project （20110321051 ） supported by the Science and Technology Key Project of Shanxi Province, China
文摘Materials with the same elastic modulus E and representative stress and strain （σr,εr） present similar indentation-loading curves, whatever the value of strain hardening exponent n. Based on this definition, a good approach was proposed to extract the plastic properties or constitutive equations of metals from nanoindentation test combining finite element simulation. Firstly, without consideration of strain hardening, the representative stress was determined by varying assumed representative stress over a wide range until a good agreement was reached between the computed and experimental loading curves. Similarly, the corresponding representative strain was determined with different hypothetical values of strain hardening exponent in the range of 0-0.6. Through modulating assumed strain hardening exponent values to make the computed unloading curve coincide with that of the experiment, the real strain hardening exponent was acquired. Once the strain hardening exponent was determined, the initial yield stress ay of metals could be obtained by the power law constitution. The validity of the proposed methodology was verified by three real metals： AISI 304 steel, Fe andA1 alloy.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of＂ China （51005180）.
文摘A thermo-mechanical coupling.finite element model was built to investigate the inertia friction welding of GH4169 bars. The remeshing and map solution techniques were adopted. Ttle whole welding process was investigated by adopting an innovative heat generation model and the flywheel rotational speed measured via the experiment. The simulated evolution of axial shortening shows a good agreement with the experiment. In addition, extensive .strain concentration presents in the interface and flash, and the largest ,strain exists near the flash root. Moreover, an intere.sting thermal reflux phenomenon during the cooling stage was found.
文摘Being aimed at the ground subsidence due to underground coal mining,a numerical model of rock was established and an appropriate method of numerical simulation was put forward.Using the measured subsidence data on the ground,the equivalent mechanical parameters of the rock stratums can be back-calculated by the properly treatment of coal excavation area,then the ground subsidence of other coal mining area can be predicted by FFM.It provided reference for the treatment of the buildings on the ground of this colliery.
