Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade compone...Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.展开更多
In this study, shaking table tests were performed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a mold transformer. Based on the test results, rotary friction dampers were developed to mitigate the excessive lateral d...In this study, shaking table tests were performed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a mold transformer. Based on the test results, rotary friction dampers were developed to mitigate the excessive lateral displacement that occurred along the direction of the weak stiffness axis of the mold transformer. In addition, shaking table tests were performed by attaching friction dampers to both sides of the mold transformer. Based on the shaking table test results, the natural frequency, mode vector, and damping ratio of the mold transformer were derived using the transfer function and half-power bandwidth. The test results indicated that the use of friction dampers can decrease the displacement and acceleration response of the mold transformer. Finally, dynamic structural models were established considering the component connectivity and mass distribution of the mold transformer. In addition, a numerical strategy was proposed to calibrate the stiffness coefficients of the mold transformer, thereby facilitating the relationship between generalized mass and stiffness. The results indicated that the analytical model based on the calibration strategy of stiffness coefficients can reasonably simulate the dynamic behavior of the mold transformer using friction dampers with regard to transfer function, displacement, and acceleration response.展开更多
Seismicity resulting from the near-or in-field fault activation significantly affects the stability of large-scale underground caverns that are operating under high-stress conditions.A comprehensive scientific assessm...Seismicity resulting from the near-or in-field fault activation significantly affects the stability of large-scale underground caverns that are operating under high-stress conditions.A comprehensive scientific assessment of the operational safety of such caverns requires an in-depth understanding of the response characteristics of the rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbances.To address this issue,we conducted true triaxial modeling tests and dynamic numerical simulations on large underground caverns to investigate the impact of static stress levels,dynamic load parameters,and input directions on the response characteristics of the surrounding rock mass.The findings reveal that:(1)When subjected to identical incident stress waves and static loads,the surrounding rock mass exhibits the greatest stress response during horizontal incidence.When the incident direction is fixed,the mechanical response is more pronounced at the cavern wall parallel to the direction of dynamic loading.(2)A high initial static stress level specifically enhances the impact of dynamic loading.(3)The response of the surrounding rock mass is directly linked to the amplitude of the incident stress wave.High amplitude results in tensile damage in regions experiencing tensile stress concentration under static loading and shear damage in regions experiencing compressive stress concentration.These results have significant implications for the evaluation and prevention of dynamic disasters in the surrounding rock of underground caverns experiencing dynamic disturbances.展开更多
Ocean temperature is an important physical variable in marine ecosystems,and ocean temperature prediction is an important research objective in ocean-related fields.Currently,one of the commonly used methods for ocean...Ocean temperature is an important physical variable in marine ecosystems,and ocean temperature prediction is an important research objective in ocean-related fields.Currently,one of the commonly used methods for ocean temperature prediction is based on data-driven,but research on this method is mostly limited to the sea surface,with few studies on the prediction of internal ocean temperature.Existing graph neural network-based methods usually use predefined graphs or learned static graphs,which cannot capture the dynamic associations among data.In this study,we propose a novel dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network(DSTGN)to predict threedimensional ocean temperature(3D-OT),which combines static graph learning and dynamic graph learning to automatically mine two unknown dependencies between sequences based on the original 3D-OT data without prior knowledge.Temporal and spatial dependencies in the time series were then captured using temporal and graph convolutions.We also integrated dynamic graph learning,static graph learning,graph convolution,and temporal convolution into an end-to-end framework for 3D-OT prediction using time-series grid data.In this study,we conducted prediction experiments using high-resolution 3D-OT from the Copernicus global ocean physical reanalysis,with data covering the vertical variation of temperature from the sea surface to 1000 m below the sea surface.We compared five mainstream models that are commonly used for ocean temperature prediction,and the results showed that the method achieved the best prediction results at all prediction scales.展开更多
To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test ...To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established.According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values,the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.展开更多
The generalized rheological tests on sandstone were conducted under both dynamic stress and seepage fields.The results demonstrate that the rheological strain of the specimen under increased stress conditions is great...The generalized rheological tests on sandstone were conducted under both dynamic stress and seepage fields.The results demonstrate that the rheological strain of the specimen under increased stress conditions is greater than that under creep conditions,indicating that the dynamic stress field significantly influences the rheological behaviours of sandstone.Following the rheological tests,the number of small pores in the sandstone decreased,while the number of medium-sized pores increased,forming new seepage channels.The high initial rheological stress accelerated fracture compression and the closure of seepage channels,resulting in reduction in the permeability of sandstone.Based on the principles of generalized rheology and the experimental findings,a novel rock rheological constitutive model incorporating both the dynamic stress field and seepage properties has been developed.Numerical simulations of surrounding rock deformation in geotechnical engineering were carried out using a secondary development version of this model,which confirmed the applicability of the generalized rheological numerical simulation method.These results provide theoretical support for the long-term stability evaluation of engineering rock masses and for predicting the deformation of surrounding rock.展开更多
The Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor is prone to numerous active faults and frequent strong earthquakes.While extensive studies have individually explored the effect of active faults and strong earthquakes on di...The Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor is prone to numerous active faults and frequent strong earthquakes.While extensive studies have individually explored the effect of active faults and strong earthquakes on different engineering structures,their combined effect remains unclear.This research employed multiple physical model tests to investigate the dynamic response of various engineering structures,including tunnels,bridges,and embankments,under the simultaneous influence of cumulative earthquakes and stick-slip misalignment of an active fault.The prototype selected for this study was the Kanding No.2 tunnel,which crosses the Yunongxi fault zone within the Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor.The results demonstrated that the tunnel,bridge,and embankment exhibited amplification in response to the input seismic wave,with the amplification effect gradually decreasing as the input peak ground acceleration(PGA)increased.The PGAs of different engineering structures were weakened by the fault rupture zone.Nevertheless,the misalignment of the active fault may decrease the overall stiffness of the engineering structure,leading to more severe damage,with a small contribution from seismic vibration.Additionally,the seismic vibration effect might be enlarged with the height of the engineering structure,and the tunnel is supposed to have a smaller PGA and lower dynamic earth pressure compared to bridges and embankments in strong earthquake zones crossing active faults.The findings contribute valuable insights for evaluating the dynamic response of various engineering structures crossing an active fault and provide an experimental reference for secure engineering design in the challenging conditions of the Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor.展开更多
Dynamic compression experiments were conducted on red sandstone utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)to study the loading rate and high temperatures on their mechanically deformed properties and ultimate fail...Dynamic compression experiments were conducted on red sandstone utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)to study the loading rate and high temperatures on their mechanically deformed properties and ultimate failure modes,and to analyze the correlation between the strain rate,temperature,peak strength,and ultimate failure modes.The results show that the mass decreases with the increase of treatment temperature,and the pattern of the stress−strain curves is not impacted by the increase of impact velocity.Under a fixed temperature,the higher the impact velocity,the higher the strain rate and dynamical compression strength,indicating a strain rate hardening effect for red sandstone.With an increasing treatment temperature,the strain rate gradually increases when the impact loading remains unchanged,suggesting a rise in the deformability of red sandstone under high-temperature environment.Raise in both impact velocity and treatment temperature leads to an intensification of the damage features of the red sandstone.Similarly,higher strain rates lead to the intensification of the final damage mode of red sandstone regardless of the change in treatment temperature.Moreover,a dynamic damage constitutive model that considers the impacts of strain rate and temperature is proposed based on experimental results.展开更多
The influence of FT(freeze-thaw)cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance,energy evolution characteristics,and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests.Results disp...The influence of FT(freeze-thaw)cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance,energy evolution characteristics,and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests.Results displayed that the FT damage process of samples can be divided into three stages based on the changes in weight,porosity,and P-wave velocity.The dynamic peak strength,dynamic elastic modulus,and strength ratio decreased with increasing FT cycles,and increased with increasing average strain rate.Moreover,the average strain rate reduced the influence of FT cycles on dynamic peak strength.In general,the incident energy,reflected energy and dissipated energy increased with increasing average strain rate,the transmitted energy was negligibly affected by the average strain rate,and the energy dissipation ratio decreased with increasing average strain rate.In addition,the influence of FT cycles on each type of energy and energy dissipation ratio during sample failure was smaller than that of average strain rate.The average size of fragments can accurately demonstrate the impact of FT damage and average strain rate on dynamic peak strength and failure mode,and quantitatively evaluate the sample’s fragmentation degree.Fractal dimension varies with FT cycles and average strain rate,and the threshold is between 148.30 and 242.57 s^(-1).If the average strain rate is in the threshold range,the relationship between the fractal dimension and dynamic peak strength is more regular,otherwise,it will become complicated.The results reveal the dynamic failure mechanism of white sandstone samples,providing assistance for dynamic rock-breaking and disaster prevention in cold regions.展开更多
This work examines the impact of incorporating the physiological conditions of human cancellous bone,by integrating similar porosity of porous Fe with the cancellous bone under dynamic immersion test.All of the porous...This work examines the impact of incorporating the physiological conditions of human cancellous bone,by integrating similar porosity of porous Fe with the cancellous bone under dynamic immersion test.All of the porous Fe specimens with~80%porosity were immersed in Simulated Body Fluid(SBF)with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min integrated with cancellous bone for 7,14 and 28 days.Porous Fe with the lowest surface area has the highest degradation rate despite having the lowest relative weight loss.The relationship between fluid induced shear stress and weight loss of specimens have been established.展开更多
For strapdown stabilized platform used in automatic vertical drilling system,a new dynamic measurement algorithm based on three-axis accelerometer and three-axis fluxgate measurement signals is proposed and simulated ...For strapdown stabilized platform used in automatic vertical drilling system,a new dynamic measurement algorithm based on three-axis accelerometer and three-axis fluxgate measurement signals is proposed and simulated under the condition of small inclination dynamic rotation.The error compensation algorithm is also proposed.The bench test of strapdown stabilized platform is designed and carried out.The results show that:When the azimuth angle is the same,the larger the inclination angle is,the greater the error of the measurement results will be.When the inclination angle is the same,the measurement error is the largest when the azimuth angle is 90°and 270°,and the measurement error curve presents a sinusoidal change with the change of azimuth angle.After the error function compensation,the error curve between the calculation results and the true value is basically not affected by the inclination angle and the azimuth angle,and the calculation accuracy is signifi cantly improved.Under the random rotating speed of 0-180 rpm,the minimum error of the measured well inclination value was no more than 0.03°and the maximum was no more than 1.58°.The feasibility of the proposed dynamic azimuth measurement algorithm is verifi ed.This article provides a technical reference for the strapdown automatic drilling system.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the extended Bose-Hubbard model using a three-dimensional cubic lattice.In the framework of the dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field theory,we identify a checkerboard supersolid phase.By consid...We theoretically investigate the extended Bose-Hubbard model using a three-dimensional cubic lattice.In the framework of the dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field theory,we identify a checkerboard supersolid phase.By considering the repulsive interactions between next-nearest-neighbor lattice sites,we further discover an exotic type of supersolid state,whose site occupancies show a stereoscopically arrayed and staggered distribution rather than checkerboard ordering.Intriguingly,if the physical observations of two neighboring layers were superimposed,they would give rise to a checkerboard configuration.This novel structure is convincingly induced by the simultaneous existence of nearest-neighbor and nextnearest-neighbor interactions.We also identify arrayed stripes in the ground state,as well as arrayed holes in the pattern of occupancies.展开更多
This paper presents a dynamic modeling method to test and examine the minimum mass of pressurized pore-gas for triggering landslides in stable gentle soil slopes.A stable gentle soil slope model is constructed with a ...This paper presents a dynamic modeling method to test and examine the minimum mass of pressurized pore-gas for triggering landslides in stable gentle soil slopes.A stable gentle soil slope model is constructed with a dry cement powder core,a saturated clay middle layer,and a dry sand upper layer.The test injects H_(2)O_(2)solution into the cement core to produce new pore-gas.The model test includes three identical H_(2)O_(2)injections.The small mass of generated oxygen gas(0.07%of slope soil mass and landslide body)from the first injection can build sufficient pore-gas pressure to cause soil upheaval and slide.Meanwhile,despite the first injection causing leak paths in the clay layer,the generated small mass of gas from the second and third injections can further trigger the landslide.A dynamic theoretical analysis of the slope failure is carried out and the required minimum pore-gas pressure for the landslide is calculated.The mass and pressure of generated gas in the model test are also estimated based on the calibration test for oxygen generation from H_(2)O_(2)solution in cement powder.The results indicate that the minimum mass of the generated gas for triggering the landslide is 2 ppm to 0.07%of the landslide body.Furthermore,the small mass of gas can provide sufficient pressure to cause soil upheaval and soil sliding in dynamic analysis.展开更多
Morphing technology is considered a crucial direction for the future development of aircraft.However,conventional morphing aircraft often employ complex actuation mechanisms and actuators to drive the morphing process...Morphing technology is considered a crucial direction for the future development of aircraft.However,conventional morphing aircraft often employ complex actuation mechanisms and actuators to drive the morphing process.The associated costs in terms of structural weight increase and space occupancy are prohibitively high,even exceeding the benefit of morphing.Especially for high aspect ratio aircraft with large root bending moments,it is very difficult for actuators to directly drive wing deformation.To address this issue,aerodynamic forces generated by control surface deflection can be utilized as an alternative to actuator-driven morphing.This approach reduces the overall cost of morphing while enhancing its benefits.This novel aerodynamic-driven morphing technique imposes new requirements and challenges on the aerodynamic design of aircraft.With a combination of flight experiments and numerical simulations,this article analyzes the variations in aerodynamic forces during the aerodynamic-driven process.Using a high aspect ratio longendurance UAV as the design baseline,the design method of the control surface for aerodynamic-driven morphing is also discussed.展开更多
Experimental studies were conducted on two high-strength steel plate-frame structures with different truss spacings under various impact velocities to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of hull plate-frame ...Experimental studies were conducted on two high-strength steel plate-frame structures with different truss spacings under various impact velocities to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of hull plate-frame structures under drop weight impact.The results showed that decreasing the main beam spacing can effectively increase the structural stiffness,reduce the maximum deformation,and increase the damage range.Furthermore,to simulate the impact tests accurately,static and dynamic tensile tests at different strain rates were carried out,and the Cowper-Symonds model parameters were fitted via experimental data.The material properties obtained from the tensile tests were used as inputs for numerical simulations with the numerical results coincide with the experimental results.A systematic analysis and discussion were conducted on the effects of truss spacing and truss width on the dynamic response of the reinforced plates,and an optimal range for the ratio of truss spacing to truss width was proposed.In addition,a mesh size sensitivity analysis for ship hull plate frame collision simulations was performed.The applicability of the EPS,MMC,and RTCL failure criteria in the simulation of plate-frame structures was investigated via finite element simulations of falling weight impact tests.The research findings provide a reference for ship hull structure design and resilience assessment.展开更多
The turning performance of a ship is an important aspect of its maneuverability,and accurately predicting the hydrodynamic forces during ship turning motion is of great significance for the safe maneuvering design of ...The turning performance of a ship is an important aspect of its maneuverability,and accurately predicting the hydrodynamic forces during ship turning motion is of great significance for the safe maneuvering design of ships.This paper investigated the hydrodynamic performance of a KRISO container ship in steady turning using experimental and numerical approaches.The rotating arm tests were carried out in rotating arm basin of Zhejiang University,while the numerical simulations were conducted in commercial computational fluid dynamics software.Hydrodynamic forces and moments,hull surface wave height,wave patterns,and vorticity are studied under different velocities,radii,and drift angles.The results show that the increase in velocity has a significant impact on the forces and moments of the hull.The changes in longitudinal and transverse forces reflect the complex fluid dynamic interactions between the hull and water.Under conditions of small radius and large drift angle,the hull experiences greater forces and moments,indicating that stability and maneuverability will be more challenged during sudden turns.This study can provide experimental data and numerical simulation references for the research of ship turning maneuvers.展开更多
BACKGROUND The role of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in early cognitive impairment and dementia has become increasingly recognized.Furthermore,pathological changes in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dement...BACKGROUND The role of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in early cognitive impairment and dementia has become increasingly recognized.Furthermore,pathological changes in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are almost always associated with cerebral hemodynamic deficits.AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)assessment of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in combination with relevant plasma biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment(MCI).METHODS This study selected 50 patients with non-amnestic MCI(na-MCI group),52 patients with amnestic MCI(a-MCI group),and 55 healthy elderly controls(control group).The Chinese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),auditory verbal learning test(AVLT),Hamilton anxiety/depression scale(HAMA/HAMD),and activity of daily living(ADL)scales were used to analyze the characteristics of mental and behavioral symptoms of patients with MCI.The DCE-MRI technique was used to assess the contrast enhancement kinetics.The Patlak model was utilized to analyze the BBB permeability(volume transfer constants).Further,fasting blood was was used to quantify plasma homocysteine(Hcy),β-amyloid protein(Aβ)40,Aβ42,human phosphorylated tau-181 protein(p-tau181),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)levels,as well as serum neurofilament light chain(NFL)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentrations.RESULTS The na-MCI and a-MCI groups demonstrated significantly lower MoCA and AVLT-Huashan version scores,and statistically higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the control group.Moreover,the a-MCI group showed notably higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the na-MCI group.Cranial MRI results revealed significant disparities in cerebral blood flow in the left and right frontal lobes,temporal lobes,hippocampi,cuneus,precuneus,parietal lobes,basal ganglia,and occipital lobes between the a-MCI and na-MCI groups.Compared to healthy controls,patients with MCI demonstrated a smaller amplitude of hippocampal contrast enhancement kinetics and a slower decay rate,indicating smaller vascular volume and increased BBB permeability.Further,Hcy,p-tau181,ICAM-1,VCAM-1,PAI-1,and NFL levels were substantially higher in the a-MCI group than in the na-MCI group,whereas the Aβ42 level was significantly lower.We did not observe any significant differences in Aβ40 and GFAP levels.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI may have experienced cerebrovascular system changes in the hippocampal region.Disorders associated with changes in cerebral blood supply may begin before pathophysiological changes are visible by imaging,which provides references for the assessment and treatment of patients with cognitive disorders.Further,DCE-MRI provides a noninvasive approach to diagnose subtle BBB leakage associated with cerebrovascular pathology.展开更多
The wheel-rail dynamic load(WRL)and its vibration energy transfer(VET)are foundational for studying ballastless track dynamics in high-speed railways.In this study,the higher-order modal parameters of track beds with ...The wheel-rail dynamic load(WRL)and its vibration energy transfer(VET)are foundational for studying ballastless track dynamics in high-speed railways.In this study,the higher-order modal parameters of track beds with different isolating layers were identified experimentally and a vehicle-track coupled dynamic model considering track bed broadband vibrations(TBBVs)was established.The WRL and its VET were investigated,and the contribution law as well as the influence mechanism of TBBVs on them was determined.The results showed the WRL and track bed vibration energy exhibited significant resonances,with more prominent high-frequency resonance peaks in the track bed vibration energy.TBBVs had a significant effect on low-frequency WRLs,and markedly influenced the VET across various frequency bands.Intense low-frequency and weak high-frequency intermodulation effects between the wheel-rail and track beds were observed.The effect of track bed vibrations can be disregarded when focusing on high-frequency WRLs above 200 Hz.Variations in the isolating layer stiffness have more significant effects on the track bed vibration energy than the WRL.Rational stiffness of the isolating layer should be selected to avoid mode-coupling resonance from track beds to the wheel-rail subsystem.展开更多
A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,...A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the acquisition of full-process data of the fragment scattering process.However,mismatches between camera frame rates and target velocities can lead to long motion blur tails of high-speed fragment targets,resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios and rendering conventional detection algorithms ineffective in dynamic strong interference testing environments.In this study,we propose a detection framework centered on dynamic strong interference disturbance signal separation and suppression.We introduce a mixture Gaussian model constrained under a joint spatialtemporal-transform domain Dirichlet process,combined with total variation regularization to achieve disturbance signal suppression.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed disturbance suppression method can be integrated with certain conventional motion target detection tasks,enabling adaptation to real-world data to a certain extent.Moreover,we provide a specific implementation of this process,which achieves a detection rate close to 100%with an approximate 0%false alarm rate in multiple sets of real target field test data.This research effectively advances the development of the field of damage parameter testing.展开更多
For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study prop...For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study proposes to investigate the stability and accuracy of the central difference method(CDM)for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient.First,the theory of the CDM for RTDST is presented.Next,the stability and accuracy of the CDM for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient are investigated.Finally,numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of the method.The study indicates that the stability of the algorithm is affected by the mass participation coefficient of the specimen,and the stability limit first increases and then decreases as the mass participation coefficient increases.In most cases,the mass participation coefficient will increase the stability limit of the algorithm,but in specific circumstances,the algorithm may lose its stability.The stability and accuracy of the CDM considering the mass participation coefficient are verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests on a three-story frame structure with a tuned liquid damper.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372071 and 12372070)the Aeronautical Science Fund of China(No.2022Z055052001)the Foundation of China Scholarship Council(No.202306830079)。
文摘Currently,there are a limited number of dynamic models available for braided composite plates with large overall motions,despite the incorporation of three-dimensional(3D)braided composites into rotating blade components.In this paper,a dynamic model of 3D 4-directional braided composite thin plates considering braiding directions is established.Based on Kirchhoff's plate assumptions,the displacement variables of the plate are expressed.By incorporating the braiding directions into the constitutive equation of the braided composites,the dynamic model of the plate considering braiding directions is obtained.The effects of the speeds,braiding directions,and braided angles on the responses of the plate with fixed-axis rotation and translational motion,respectively,are investigated.This paper presents a dynamic theory for calculating the deformation of 3D braided composite structures undergoing both translational and rotational motions.It also provides a simulation method for investigating the dynamic behavior of non-isotropic material plates in various applications.
基金Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea under Grant Nos.NRF-2020R1A6A1A03044977 and NRF2022R1A2C2004351。
文摘In this study, shaking table tests were performed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a mold transformer. Based on the test results, rotary friction dampers were developed to mitigate the excessive lateral displacement that occurred along the direction of the weak stiffness axis of the mold transformer. In addition, shaking table tests were performed by attaching friction dampers to both sides of the mold transformer. Based on the shaking table test results, the natural frequency, mode vector, and damping ratio of the mold transformer were derived using the transfer function and half-power bandwidth. The test results indicated that the use of friction dampers can decrease the displacement and acceleration response of the mold transformer. Finally, dynamic structural models were established considering the component connectivity and mass distribution of the mold transformer. In addition, a numerical strategy was proposed to calibrate the stiffness coefficients of the mold transformer, thereby facilitating the relationship between generalized mass and stiffness. The results indicated that the analytical model based on the calibration strategy of stiffness coefficients can reasonably simulate the dynamic behavior of the mold transformer using friction dampers with regard to transfer function, displacement, and acceleration response.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52279116)the Key Projects of the Yalong River Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U1865203).
文摘Seismicity resulting from the near-or in-field fault activation significantly affects the stability of large-scale underground caverns that are operating under high-stress conditions.A comprehensive scientific assessment of the operational safety of such caverns requires an in-depth understanding of the response characteristics of the rock mass subjected to dynamic disturbances.To address this issue,we conducted true triaxial modeling tests and dynamic numerical simulations on large underground caverns to investigate the impact of static stress levels,dynamic load parameters,and input directions on the response characteristics of the surrounding rock mass.The findings reveal that:(1)When subjected to identical incident stress waves and static loads,the surrounding rock mass exhibits the greatest stress response during horizontal incidence.When the incident direction is fixed,the mechanical response is more pronounced at the cavern wall parallel to the direction of dynamic loading.(2)A high initial static stress level specifically enhances the impact of dynamic loading.(3)The response of the surrounding rock mass is directly linked to the amplitude of the incident stress wave.High amplitude results in tensile damage in regions experiencing tensile stress concentration under static loading and shear damage in regions experiencing compressive stress concentration.These results have significant implications for the evaluation and prevention of dynamic disasters in the surrounding rock of underground caverns experiencing dynamic disturbances.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2021YFC3101603.
文摘Ocean temperature is an important physical variable in marine ecosystems,and ocean temperature prediction is an important research objective in ocean-related fields.Currently,one of the commonly used methods for ocean temperature prediction is based on data-driven,but research on this method is mostly limited to the sea surface,with few studies on the prediction of internal ocean temperature.Existing graph neural network-based methods usually use predefined graphs or learned static graphs,which cannot capture the dynamic associations among data.In this study,we propose a novel dynamic spatiotemporal graph neural network(DSTGN)to predict threedimensional ocean temperature(3D-OT),which combines static graph learning and dynamic graph learning to automatically mine two unknown dependencies between sequences based on the original 3D-OT data without prior knowledge.Temporal and spatial dependencies in the time series were then captured using temporal and graph convolutions.We also integrated dynamic graph learning,static graph learning,graph convolution,and temporal convolution into an end-to-end framework for 3D-OT prediction using time-series grid data.In this study,we conducted prediction experiments using high-resolution 3D-OT from the Copernicus global ocean physical reanalysis,with data covering the vertical variation of temperature from the sea surface to 1000 m below the sea surface.We compared five mainstream models that are commonly used for ocean temperature prediction,and the results showed that the method achieved the best prediction results at all prediction scales.
基金supported by Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62073256, 61773305)the Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province (No.2020GY-125)Xi’an Science and Technology Innovation talent service enterprise project (No.2020KJRC0041)。
文摘To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established.According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values,the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.
基金supported and financed by Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology (No.2024yjrc96)Anhui Provincial University Excellent Research and Innovation Team Support Project (No.2022AH010053)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2023YFC2907602 and 2022YFF1303302)Anhui Provincial Major Science and Technology Project (No.202203a07020011)Open Foundation of Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining (No.EC2023020)。
文摘The generalized rheological tests on sandstone were conducted under both dynamic stress and seepage fields.The results demonstrate that the rheological strain of the specimen under increased stress conditions is greater than that under creep conditions,indicating that the dynamic stress field significantly influences the rheological behaviours of sandstone.Following the rheological tests,the number of small pores in the sandstone decreased,while the number of medium-sized pores increased,forming new seepage channels.The high initial rheological stress accelerated fracture compression and the closure of seepage channels,resulting in reduction in the permeability of sandstone.Based on the principles of generalized rheology and the experimental findings,a novel rock rheological constitutive model incorporating both the dynamic stress field and seepage properties has been developed.Numerical simulations of surrounding rock deformation in geotechnical engineering were carried out using a secondary development version of this model,which confirmed the applicability of the generalized rheological numerical simulation method.These results provide theoretical support for the long-term stability evaluation of engineering rock masses and for predicting the deformation of surrounding rock.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41825018,41977248,42207219)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2019QZKK0904)。
文摘The Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor is prone to numerous active faults and frequent strong earthquakes.While extensive studies have individually explored the effect of active faults and strong earthquakes on different engineering structures,their combined effect remains unclear.This research employed multiple physical model tests to investigate the dynamic response of various engineering structures,including tunnels,bridges,and embankments,under the simultaneous influence of cumulative earthquakes and stick-slip misalignment of an active fault.The prototype selected for this study was the Kanding No.2 tunnel,which crosses the Yunongxi fault zone within the Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor.The results demonstrated that the tunnel,bridge,and embankment exhibited amplification in response to the input seismic wave,with the amplification effect gradually decreasing as the input peak ground acceleration(PGA)increased.The PGAs of different engineering structures were weakened by the fault rupture zone.Nevertheless,the misalignment of the active fault may decrease the overall stiffness of the engineering structure,leading to more severe damage,with a small contribution from seismic vibration.Additionally,the seismic vibration effect might be enlarged with the height of the engineering structure,and the tunnel is supposed to have a smaller PGA and lower dynamic earth pressure compared to bridges and embankments in strong earthquake zones crossing active faults.The findings contribute valuable insights for evaluating the dynamic response of various engineering structures crossing an active fault and provide an experimental reference for secure engineering design in the challenging conditions of the Sichuan-Xizang transportation corridor.
基金Project(BZ2024023)supported by the Jiangsu Province International Collaboration Program-Key National Industrial Technology Research and Development Cooperation,China。
文摘Dynamic compression experiments were conducted on red sandstone utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)to study the loading rate and high temperatures on their mechanically deformed properties and ultimate failure modes,and to analyze the correlation between the strain rate,temperature,peak strength,and ultimate failure modes.The results show that the mass decreases with the increase of treatment temperature,and the pattern of the stress−strain curves is not impacted by the increase of impact velocity.Under a fixed temperature,the higher the impact velocity,the higher the strain rate and dynamical compression strength,indicating a strain rate hardening effect for red sandstone.With an increasing treatment temperature,the strain rate gradually increases when the impact loading remains unchanged,suggesting a rise in the deformability of red sandstone under high-temperature environment.Raise in both impact velocity and treatment temperature leads to an intensification of the damage features of the red sandstone.Similarly,higher strain rates lead to the intensification of the final damage mode of red sandstone regardless of the change in treatment temperature.Moreover,a dynamic damage constitutive model that considers the impacts of strain rate and temperature is proposed based on experimental results.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174088,42277154)the Independent Innovation Research Fund Graduate Free Exploration Project for the Wuhan University of Technology(No.104972024JYS0007)。
文摘The influence of FT(freeze-thaw)cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance,energy evolution characteristics,and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests.Results displayed that the FT damage process of samples can be divided into three stages based on the changes in weight,porosity,and P-wave velocity.The dynamic peak strength,dynamic elastic modulus,and strength ratio decreased with increasing FT cycles,and increased with increasing average strain rate.Moreover,the average strain rate reduced the influence of FT cycles on dynamic peak strength.In general,the incident energy,reflected energy and dissipated energy increased with increasing average strain rate,the transmitted energy was negligibly affected by the average strain rate,and the energy dissipation ratio decreased with increasing average strain rate.In addition,the influence of FT cycles on each type of energy and energy dissipation ratio during sample failure was smaller than that of average strain rate.The average size of fragments can accurately demonstrate the impact of FT damage and average strain rate on dynamic peak strength and failure mode,and quantitatively evaluate the sample’s fragmentation degree.Fractal dimension varies with FT cycles and average strain rate,and the threshold is between 148.30 and 242.57 s^(-1).If the average strain rate is in the threshold range,the relationship between the fractal dimension and dynamic peak strength is more regular,otherwise,it will become complicated.The results reveal the dynamic failure mechanism of white sandstone samples,providing assistance for dynamic rock-breaking and disaster prevention in cold regions.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2018/TK03/UTM/02/8).
文摘This work examines the impact of incorporating the physiological conditions of human cancellous bone,by integrating similar porosity of porous Fe with the cancellous bone under dynamic immersion test.All of the porous Fe specimens with~80%porosity were immersed in Simulated Body Fluid(SBF)with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min integrated with cancellous bone for 7,14 and 28 days.Porous Fe with the lowest surface area has the highest degradation rate despite having the lowest relative weight loss.The relationship between fluid induced shear stress and weight loss of specimens have been established.
基金The financial supports from National key plan project for research and development of China (2019YFA0708300) and (2023YFC3009200)。
文摘For strapdown stabilized platform used in automatic vertical drilling system,a new dynamic measurement algorithm based on three-axis accelerometer and three-axis fluxgate measurement signals is proposed and simulated under the condition of small inclination dynamic rotation.The error compensation algorithm is also proposed.The bench test of strapdown stabilized platform is designed and carried out.The results show that:When the azimuth angle is the same,the larger the inclination angle is,the greater the error of the measurement results will be.When the inclination angle is the same,the measurement error is the largest when the azimuth angle is 90°and 270°,and the measurement error curve presents a sinusoidal change with the change of azimuth angle.After the error function compensation,the error curve between the calculation results and the true value is basically not affected by the inclination angle and the azimuth angle,and the calculation accuracy is signifi cantly improved.Under the random rotating speed of 0-180 rpm,the minimum error of the measured well inclination value was no more than 0.03°and the maximum was no more than 1.58°.The feasibility of the proposed dynamic azimuth measurement algorithm is verifi ed.This article provides a technical reference for the strapdown automatic drilling system.
基金supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.525QN342)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(Grant No.RHDRC202301).
文摘We theoretically investigate the extended Bose-Hubbard model using a three-dimensional cubic lattice.In the framework of the dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field theory,we identify a checkerboard supersolid phase.By considering the repulsive interactions between next-nearest-neighbor lattice sites,we further discover an exotic type of supersolid state,whose site occupancies show a stereoscopically arrayed and staggered distribution rather than checkerboard ordering.Intriguingly,if the physical observations of two neighboring layers were superimposed,they would give rise to a checkerboard configuration.This novel structure is convincingly induced by the simultaneous existence of nearest-neighbor and nextnearest-neighbor interactions.We also identify arrayed stripes in the ground state,as well as arrayed holes in the pattern of occupancies.
基金supported by grants from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.HKU 17207518).
文摘This paper presents a dynamic modeling method to test and examine the minimum mass of pressurized pore-gas for triggering landslides in stable gentle soil slopes.A stable gentle soil slope model is constructed with a dry cement powder core,a saturated clay middle layer,and a dry sand upper layer.The test injects H_(2)O_(2)solution into the cement core to produce new pore-gas.The model test includes three identical H_(2)O_(2)injections.The small mass of generated oxygen gas(0.07%of slope soil mass and landslide body)from the first injection can build sufficient pore-gas pressure to cause soil upheaval and slide.Meanwhile,despite the first injection causing leak paths in the clay layer,the generated small mass of gas from the second and third injections can further trigger the landslide.A dynamic theoretical analysis of the slope failure is carried out and the required minimum pore-gas pressure for the landslide is calculated.The mass and pressure of generated gas in the model test are also estimated based on the calibration test for oxygen generation from H_(2)O_(2)solution in cement powder.The results indicate that the minimum mass of the generated gas for triggering the landslide is 2 ppm to 0.07%of the landslide body.Furthermore,the small mass of gas can provide sufficient pressure to cause soil upheaval and soil sliding in dynamic analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92741205).
文摘Morphing technology is considered a crucial direction for the future development of aircraft.However,conventional morphing aircraft often employ complex actuation mechanisms and actuators to drive the morphing process.The associated costs in terms of structural weight increase and space occupancy are prohibitively high,even exceeding the benefit of morphing.Especially for high aspect ratio aircraft with large root bending moments,it is very difficult for actuators to directly drive wing deformation.To address this issue,aerodynamic forces generated by control surface deflection can be utilized as an alternative to actuator-driven morphing.This approach reduces the overall cost of morphing while enhancing its benefits.This novel aerodynamic-driven morphing technique imposes new requirements and challenges on the aerodynamic design of aircraft.With a combination of flight experiments and numerical simulations,this article analyzes the variations in aerodynamic forces during the aerodynamic-driven process.Using a high aspect ratio longendurance UAV as the design baseline,the design method of the control surface for aerodynamic-driven morphing is also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52171311 and 5227127).
文摘Experimental studies were conducted on two high-strength steel plate-frame structures with different truss spacings under various impact velocities to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of hull plate-frame structures under drop weight impact.The results showed that decreasing the main beam spacing can effectively increase the structural stiffness,reduce the maximum deformation,and increase the damage range.Furthermore,to simulate the impact tests accurately,static and dynamic tensile tests at different strain rates were carried out,and the Cowper-Symonds model parameters were fitted via experimental data.The material properties obtained from the tensile tests were used as inputs for numerical simulations with the numerical results coincide with the experimental results.A systematic analysis and discussion were conducted on the effects of truss spacing and truss width on the dynamic response of the reinforced plates,and an optimal range for the ratio of truss spacing to truss width was proposed.In addition,a mesh size sensitivity analysis for ship hull plate frame collision simulations was performed.The applicability of the EPS,MMC,and RTCL failure criteria in the simulation of plate-frame structures was investigated via finite element simulations of falling weight impact tests.The research findings provide a reference for ship hull structure design and resilience assessment.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202306320084).
文摘The turning performance of a ship is an important aspect of its maneuverability,and accurately predicting the hydrodynamic forces during ship turning motion is of great significance for the safe maneuvering design of ships.This paper investigated the hydrodynamic performance of a KRISO container ship in steady turning using experimental and numerical approaches.The rotating arm tests were carried out in rotating arm basin of Zhejiang University,while the numerical simulations were conducted in commercial computational fluid dynamics software.Hydrodynamic forces and moments,hull surface wave height,wave patterns,and vorticity are studied under different velocities,radii,and drift angles.The results show that the increase in velocity has a significant impact on the forces and moments of the hull.The changes in longitudinal and transverse forces reflect the complex fluid dynamic interactions between the hull and water.Under conditions of small radius and large drift angle,the hull experiences greater forces and moments,indicating that stability and maneuverability will be more challenged during sudden turns.This study can provide experimental data and numerical simulation references for the research of ship turning maneuvers.
文摘BACKGROUND The role of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in early cognitive impairment and dementia has become increasingly recognized.Furthermore,pathological changes in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are almost always associated with cerebral hemodynamic deficits.AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)assessment of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in combination with relevant plasma biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment(MCI).METHODS This study selected 50 patients with non-amnestic MCI(na-MCI group),52 patients with amnestic MCI(a-MCI group),and 55 healthy elderly controls(control group).The Chinese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),auditory verbal learning test(AVLT),Hamilton anxiety/depression scale(HAMA/HAMD),and activity of daily living(ADL)scales were used to analyze the characteristics of mental and behavioral symptoms of patients with MCI.The DCE-MRI technique was used to assess the contrast enhancement kinetics.The Patlak model was utilized to analyze the BBB permeability(volume transfer constants).Further,fasting blood was was used to quantify plasma homocysteine(Hcy),β-amyloid protein(Aβ)40,Aβ42,human phosphorylated tau-181 protein(p-tau181),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)levels,as well as serum neurofilament light chain(NFL)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentrations.RESULTS The na-MCI and a-MCI groups demonstrated significantly lower MoCA and AVLT-Huashan version scores,and statistically higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the control group.Moreover,the a-MCI group showed notably higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the na-MCI group.Cranial MRI results revealed significant disparities in cerebral blood flow in the left and right frontal lobes,temporal lobes,hippocampi,cuneus,precuneus,parietal lobes,basal ganglia,and occipital lobes between the a-MCI and na-MCI groups.Compared to healthy controls,patients with MCI demonstrated a smaller amplitude of hippocampal contrast enhancement kinetics and a slower decay rate,indicating smaller vascular volume and increased BBB permeability.Further,Hcy,p-tau181,ICAM-1,VCAM-1,PAI-1,and NFL levels were substantially higher in the a-MCI group than in the na-MCI group,whereas the Aβ42 level was significantly lower.We did not observe any significant differences in Aβ40 and GFAP levels.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI may have experienced cerebrovascular system changes in the hippocampal region.Disorders associated with changes in cerebral blood supply may begin before pathophysiological changes are visible by imaging,which provides references for the assessment and treatment of patients with cognitive disorders.Further,DCE-MRI provides a noninvasive approach to diagnose subtle BBB leakage associated with cerebrovascular pathology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308468)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M723390)the Jiangsu Provincial Excellent Postdoctoral Program(No.2023ZB020),China.
文摘The wheel-rail dynamic load(WRL)and its vibration energy transfer(VET)are foundational for studying ballastless track dynamics in high-speed railways.In this study,the higher-order modal parameters of track beds with different isolating layers were identified experimentally and a vehicle-track coupled dynamic model considering track bed broadband vibrations(TBBVs)was established.The WRL and its VET were investigated,and the contribution law as well as the influence mechanism of TBBVs on them was determined.The results showed the WRL and track bed vibration energy exhibited significant resonances,with more prominent high-frequency resonance peaks in the track bed vibration energy.TBBVs had a significant effect on low-frequency WRLs,and markedly influenced the VET across various frequency bands.Intense low-frequency and weak high-frequency intermodulation effects between the wheel-rail and track beds were observed.The effect of track bed vibrations can be disregarded when focusing on high-frequency WRLs above 200 Hz.Variations in the isolating layer stiffness have more significant effects on the track bed vibration energy than the WRL.Rational stiffness of the isolating layer should be selected to avoid mode-coupling resonance from track beds to the wheel-rail subsystem.
文摘A measurement system for the scattering characteristics of warhead fragments based on high-speed imaging systems offers advantages such as simple deployment,flexible maneuverability,and high spatiotemporal resolution,enabling the acquisition of full-process data of the fragment scattering process.However,mismatches between camera frame rates and target velocities can lead to long motion blur tails of high-speed fragment targets,resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios and rendering conventional detection algorithms ineffective in dynamic strong interference testing environments.In this study,we propose a detection framework centered on dynamic strong interference disturbance signal separation and suppression.We introduce a mixture Gaussian model constrained under a joint spatialtemporal-transform domain Dirichlet process,combined with total variation regularization to achieve disturbance signal suppression.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed disturbance suppression method can be integrated with certain conventional motion target detection tasks,enabling adaptation to real-world data to a certain extent.Moreover,we provide a specific implementation of this process,which achieves a detection rate close to 100%with an approximate 0%false alarm rate in multiple sets of real target field test data.This research effectively advances the development of the field of damage parameter testing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51978213 and 51778190the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant Nos.2017YFC0703605 and 2016YFC0701106。
文摘For real-time dynamic substructure testing(RTDST),the influence of the inertia force of fluid specimens on the stability and accuracy of the integration algorithms has never been investigated.Therefore,this study proposes to investigate the stability and accuracy of the central difference method(CDM)for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient.First,the theory of the CDM for RTDST is presented.Next,the stability and accuracy of the CDM for RTDST considering the specimen mass participation coefficient are investigated.Finally,numerical simulations and experimental tests are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of the method.The study indicates that the stability of the algorithm is affected by the mass participation coefficient of the specimen,and the stability limit first increases and then decreases as the mass participation coefficient increases.In most cases,the mass participation coefficient will increase the stability limit of the algorithm,but in specific circumstances,the algorithm may lose its stability.The stability and accuracy of the CDM considering the mass participation coefficient are verified by numerical simulations and experimental tests on a three-story frame structure with a tuned liquid damper.
