Reticulated polyurethane was chosen as the preceramic material for preparing the porous preform using the replication process. The immersing and sintering processes were each performed twice for fabricating a high-por...Reticulated polyurethane was chosen as the preceramic material for preparing the porous preform using the replication process. The immersing and sintering processes were each performed twice for fabricating a high-porosity and super-strong skeleton. The aluminum magnesium matrix composites reinforced with three-dimensional network structure were prepared using the infiltration technique by pressure assisting and vacuum driving. Light interfacial reactions have played a profitable role in most of the ceramic-metal systems. The metal matrix composites interpenetrated with the ceramic phase have a higher wear resistance than the metal matrix phase. The volume fraction of ceramic reinforcement has a significant effect on the abrasive wear, and the wear rate can be decreased with the increase of the volume fraction of reinforcement.展开更多
A novel three dimensional network complex polymer [Cu_4(oxen)_2(N_3)_3]_n(ClO_4)_n·2nH_2O, where oxen is N,N' -bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide dianion, has been synthesized. It crystallizes in triclinic system, spac...A novel three dimensional network complex polymer [Cu_4(oxen)_2(N_3)_3]_n(ClO_4)_n·2nH_2O, where oxen is N,N' -bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide dianion, has been synthesized. It crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P, with a=11.486(2), b=11.706(3), c=12.291(3) , α=77.42(2), β=67.59(2), γ=77.96(2)°, and z=2. The least-square refinements converged at R=0.047, with 3416 observed unique reflections. The complex has a pronounced three-dimensional character and can be viewed as the tetranuclear asymmetric repeating units through inversion and translation operations to extend a three-dimensional network. The structure of Cu_4 asymmetric unit consists of two square planar and two square pyramidal Cu central atoms linked by both azide ligands in end-on and end-to-end bonding modes, and oxamidate bridge in trans conformation.展开更多
In this study,melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment.Subsequent high-temperature calcination yiel...In this study,melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment.Subsequent high-temperature calcination yielded a novel brush-like three-dimensional carbon nitride.The brush-like 3D architecture was found to expose more accessible active sites,markedly accelerate electron transfer,and suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.The resulting superoxide(O_(2)^(-·))and hydroxyl(·OH)radicals generated via electron reduction were identified as the key reactive species in the photocatalytic process.Moreover,the surface of the brush-like structure is enriched with nitrogen vacancies,which enhance the catalyst’s ability to harvest visible light.The photocatalytic performance of the brush-like CNS-650 catalyst was evaluated for rhodamine B(RhB)degradation.Under red-light irradiation(660 nm),its degradation rate was 7.4 times higher than that of bulk CN.This work provides valuable insights into the design and application of efficient metal-free 3D photocatalysts.展开更多
Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-c...Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation.Moreover,traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM,and limits the observation of thicker samples.To address these limitations,we developed FO-3DSIM,a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM.FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds.It retains the high-fidelity,low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM.Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning,we achieved large field-of-view(FOV)3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin,covering a region of 0.453 mm×0.453 mm×2.75μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction.Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM.Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction,allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers.We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time,large FOV 6D imaging,encompassing xyz super-resolution,multi-color,long-term,and polarization imaging with less photodamage,removed defocused backgrounds,and reduced reconstruction time.展开更多
Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is an essential super-resolution imaging technique for visualizing volumetric subcellular structures at the nanoscale,capable of doubling both lateral and axi...Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is an essential super-resolution imaging technique for visualizing volumetric subcellular structures at the nanoscale,capable of doubling both lateral and axial resolution beyond the diffraction limit.However,high-quality 3DSIM reconstruction is often hindered by uncertainties in experimental parameters,such as optical aberrations and fluorescence density heterogeneity.Here,we present PCA-3DSIM,a novel 3DSIM reconstruction framework that extends principal component analysis(PCA)from two-dimensional(2D)to three-dimensional(3D)super-resolution microscopy.To further compensate spatial nonuniformities of illumination parameters,PCA-3DSIM can be implemented in an adaptive tiled-block manner.By segmenting raw volumetric data into localized subsets,PCA-3DSIM enables accurate parameter estimation and effective interference rejection for high-fidelity,artifact-free 3D super-resolution reconstruction,with the inherent efficiency of PCA supporting the tiled reconstruction with limited computational burden.Experimental results demonstrate that PCA-3DSIM provides reliable reconstruction performance and improved robustness across diverse imaging scenarios,from custom-built platforms to commercial systems.These results establish PCA-3DSIM as a flexible and practical tool for super-resolved volumetric imaging of subcellular structures,with broad potential applications in biomedical research.展开更多
The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including...The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including in the article title,graphical abstract,the summary,and the main text.Second,in Figure 1A,“iFFT”should be written as“FFT.”Third,in Video S2,the labels“FO”and“Open”were placed incorrectly;FO is the high-quality reconstruction result,while Open contains reconstruction artifact.展开更多
Non-stoichiometric carbides have been proven to be effective electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials.In this study,phase and morphology of XZnC(X=Fe/Co/Cu)loaded on a three dimensional(3D)network structure melami...Non-stoichiometric carbides have been proven to be effective electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials.In this study,phase and morphology of XZnC(X=Fe/Co/Cu)loaded on a three dimensional(3D)network structure melamine sponge(MS)carbon composites were investigated through vacuum filtration followed by calcination.The FeZnC/CoZnC/CuZnC with carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were uniformly dispersed on the surface of melamine sponge carbon skeleton and Co-containing sample exhibits the highest CNTs concentration.The minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of the CoZnC/MS composite(m_(composite):m_(paraffin)=1:1,m represents mass)reached-33.60 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)reached 9.60 GHz.The outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)properties of the CoZnC/MS composite can be attributed to its unique hollow structure,which leads to multiple reflections and scattering.The formed conductive network improves dielectric and conductive loss.The incorporation of Co enhances the magnetic loss capability and optimizes interfacial polarization and dipole polarization.By simultaneously improving dielectric and magnetic losses,ex-cellent impedance matching performance is achieved.The clarification of element replacement in XZnC/MS composites provides an effi-cient design perspective for high-performance non-stoichiometric carbide EMW absorbers.展开更多
Modern molecular biology began with the discovery of the DNA double helix,revealing the physical basis of genetics.Whereas genes carry genetic information in one-dimension,living cells'functional activities are pe...Modern molecular biology began with the discovery of the DNA double helix,revealing the physical basis of genetics.Whereas genes carry genetic information in one-dimension,living cells'functional activities are performed by proteins in the form of three-dimensional structures.About 240,000 experimentally determined protein structures have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank(PDB).With the newly developed artificial intelligence(AI)tool Alpha Fold,essentially the whole protein universe has been reliably predicted.This perspective explores the genetic features of protein structures.展开更多
Polarization-based detection technologies have broad applications across various fields.Integrating polarization with interferometric imaging holds significant promise for simultaneously capturing three-dimensional st...Polarization-based detection technologies have broad applications across various fields.Integrating polarization with interferometric imaging holds significant promise for simultaneously capturing three-dimensional structure and polarization information.However,existing interferometric polarization measurement methods often rely on complex setups and sacrifice the acquisition rate or axial imaging range for parameter diversity.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Graphene,a groundbreaking two-dimensional(2D)material,has attracted significant attention across various fields due to its exceptional properties.However,2D graphene sheets tend to restack or agglomerate,re...CONSPECTUS:Graphene,a groundbreaking two-dimensional(2D)material,has attracted significant attention across various fields due to its exceptional properties.However,2D graphene sheets tend to restack or agglomerate,reducing their performance and active surface area.To overcome these limitations and expand graphene’s potential applications,researchers have developed threedimensional(3D)graphene structures with diverse architectures,including 3D graphene fibers,foams,aerogels,hydrogels,tubes,and cages.These structures,along with modifications such as functionalization,doping,preintercalation,and compositing,prevent stacking and enhance specific properties for targeted applications.展开更多
The demands for better energy storage devices due to fast development of electric vehicles(EVs) have raised increasing attention on lithium ion batteries(LIBs) with high power and energy densities. In this paper, we p...The demands for better energy storage devices due to fast development of electric vehicles(EVs) have raised increasing attention on lithium ion batteries(LIBs) with high power and energy densities. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress in graphene-based electrode materials. Graphene with its great electrical conductivity and mechanical properties have apparently improved the performance of traditional electrode materials. The methods and electrochemical properties of advanced graphene composite as cathode and anode for LIBs are reviewed. Two novel kinds of graphene hybrid materials are specially highlighted: three-dimensional porous and flexible binder-free graphene-based materials. Challenges for LIBs and future research trend in the development of high-performance electrode materials are further discussed.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Y2006F03).
文摘Reticulated polyurethane was chosen as the preceramic material for preparing the porous preform using the replication process. The immersing and sintering processes were each performed twice for fabricating a high-porosity and super-strong skeleton. The aluminum magnesium matrix composites reinforced with three-dimensional network structure were prepared using the infiltration technique by pressure assisting and vacuum driving. Light interfacial reactions have played a profitable role in most of the ceramic-metal systems. The metal matrix composites interpenetrated with the ceramic phase have a higher wear resistance than the metal matrix phase. The volume fraction of ceramic reinforcement has a significant effect on the abrasive wear, and the wear rate can be decreased with the increase of the volume fraction of reinforcement.
文摘A novel three dimensional network complex polymer [Cu_4(oxen)_2(N_3)_3]_n(ClO_4)_n·2nH_2O, where oxen is N,N' -bis(2-aminoethyl)oxamide dianion, has been synthesized. It crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P, with a=11.486(2), b=11.706(3), c=12.291(3) , α=77.42(2), β=67.59(2), γ=77.96(2)°, and z=2. The least-square refinements converged at R=0.047, with 3416 observed unique reflections. The complex has a pronounced three-dimensional character and can be viewed as the tetranuclear asymmetric repeating units through inversion and translation operations to extend a three-dimensional network. The structure of Cu_4 asymmetric unit consists of two square planar and two square pyramidal Cu central atoms linked by both azide ligands in end-on and end-to-end bonding modes, and oxamidate bridge in trans conformation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22578376,52374283)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant BK20240332)。
文摘In this study,melamine and cyanuric acid were used as precursors to form supramolecular crystals via hydrogen-bond-assisted self-assembly followed by hydrothermal treatment.Subsequent high-temperature calcination yielded a novel brush-like three-dimensional carbon nitride.The brush-like 3D architecture was found to expose more accessible active sites,markedly accelerate electron transfer,and suppress the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.The resulting superoxide(O_(2)^(-·))and hydroxyl(·OH)radicals generated via electron reduction were identified as the key reactive species in the photocatalytic process.Moreover,the surface of the brush-like structure is enriched with nitrogen vacancies,which enhance the catalyst’s ability to harvest visible light.The photocatalytic performance of the brush-like CNS-650 catalyst was evaluated for rhodamine B(RhB)degradation.Under red-light irradiation(660 nm),its degradation rate was 7.4 times higher than that of bulk CN.This work provides valuable insights into the design and application of efficient metal-free 3D photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3401100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(624B2009,62405010,62335008,62025501,92150301,and 62411540238).
文摘Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation.Moreover,traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM,and limits the observation of thicker samples.To address these limitations,we developed FO-3DSIM,a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM.FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds.It retains the high-fidelity,low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM.Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning,we achieved large field-of-view(FOV)3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin,covering a region of 0.453 mm×0.453 mm×2.75μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction.Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM.Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction,allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers.We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time,large FOV 6D imaging,encompassing xyz super-resolution,multi-color,long-term,and polarization imaging with less photodamage,removed defocused backgrounds,and reduced reconstruction time.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62405136,62275125,62275121,12204239,62175109)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20240486,2024M754141)+3 种基金Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241466,BK20220946)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB671)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30925010309,30922010313,2023102001)Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense(JSGPCXZNGZ202402,JSGP202201).
文摘Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is an essential super-resolution imaging technique for visualizing volumetric subcellular structures at the nanoscale,capable of doubling both lateral and axial resolution beyond the diffraction limit.However,high-quality 3DSIM reconstruction is often hindered by uncertainties in experimental parameters,such as optical aberrations and fluorescence density heterogeneity.Here,we present PCA-3DSIM,a novel 3DSIM reconstruction framework that extends principal component analysis(PCA)from two-dimensional(2D)to three-dimensional(3D)super-resolution microscopy.To further compensate spatial nonuniformities of illumination parameters,PCA-3DSIM can be implemented in an adaptive tiled-block manner.By segmenting raw volumetric data into localized subsets,PCA-3DSIM enables accurate parameter estimation and effective interference rejection for high-fidelity,artifact-free 3D super-resolution reconstruction,with the inherent efficiency of PCA supporting the tiled reconstruction with limited computational burden.Experimental results demonstrate that PCA-3DSIM provides reliable reconstruction performance and improved robustness across diverse imaging scenarios,from custom-built platforms to commercial systems.These results establish PCA-3DSIM as a flexible and practical tool for super-resolved volumetric imaging of subcellular structures,with broad potential applications in biomedical research.
文摘The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including in the article title,graphical abstract,the summary,and the main text.Second,in Figure 1A,“iFFT”should be written as“FFT.”Third,in Video S2,the labels“FO”and“Open”were placed incorrectly;FO is the high-quality reconstruction result,while Open contains reconstruction artifact.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101274,52377026 and 52472131)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province,China(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Nos.ZR2020QE011 and ZR2022ME089)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution,China(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites)Youth Top Talent Foundation of Yantai University,China(No.2219008)Graduate Innovation Foundation of Yantai University,China(No.GIFYTU2240)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project,China(No.202311066088).
文摘Non-stoichiometric carbides have been proven to be effective electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials.In this study,phase and morphology of XZnC(X=Fe/Co/Cu)loaded on a three dimensional(3D)network structure melamine sponge(MS)carbon composites were investigated through vacuum filtration followed by calcination.The FeZnC/CoZnC/CuZnC with carbon nanotubes(CNTs)were uniformly dispersed on the surface of melamine sponge carbon skeleton and Co-containing sample exhibits the highest CNTs concentration.The minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of the CoZnC/MS composite(m_(composite):m_(paraffin)=1:1,m represents mass)reached-33.60 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)reached 9.60 GHz.The outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption(EMWA)properties of the CoZnC/MS composite can be attributed to its unique hollow structure,which leads to multiple reflections and scattering.The formed conductive network improves dielectric and conductive loss.The incorporation of Co enhances the magnetic loss capability and optimizes interfacial polarization and dipole polarization.By simultaneously improving dielectric and magnetic losses,ex-cellent impedance matching performance is achieved.The clarification of element replacement in XZnC/MS composites provides an effi-cient design perspective for high-performance non-stoichiometric carbide EMW absorbers.
文摘Modern molecular biology began with the discovery of the DNA double helix,revealing the physical basis of genetics.Whereas genes carry genetic information in one-dimension,living cells'functional activities are performed by proteins in the form of three-dimensional structures.About 240,000 experimentally determined protein structures have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank(PDB).With the newly developed artificial intelligence(AI)tool Alpha Fold,essentially the whole protein universe has been reliably predicted.This perspective explores the genetic features of protein structures.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404345,62375144)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(22JCZDJC00160)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(63241331)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M731787)。
文摘Polarization-based detection technologies have broad applications across various fields.Integrating polarization with interferometric imaging holds significant promise for simultaneously capturing three-dimensional structure and polarization information.However,existing interferometric polarization measurement methods often rely on complex setups and sacrifice the acquisition rate or axial imaging range for parameter diversity.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)No.RS-2020-NR049543 and RS-2025-00553591.
文摘CONSPECTUS:Graphene,a groundbreaking two-dimensional(2D)material,has attracted significant attention across various fields due to its exceptional properties.However,2D graphene sheets tend to restack or agglomerate,reducing their performance and active surface area.To overcome these limitations and expand graphene’s potential applications,researchers have developed threedimensional(3D)graphene structures with diverse architectures,including 3D graphene fibers,foams,aerogels,hydrogels,tubes,and cages.These structures,along with modifications such as functionalization,doping,preintercalation,and compositing,prevent stacking and enhance specific properties for targeted applications.
基金supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China("863"Project)(Grant No.2012CB932303)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.13ZR1463600&13XD1403900)
文摘The demands for better energy storage devices due to fast development of electric vehicles(EVs) have raised increasing attention on lithium ion batteries(LIBs) with high power and energy densities. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress in graphene-based electrode materials. Graphene with its great electrical conductivity and mechanical properties have apparently improved the performance of traditional electrode materials. The methods and electrochemical properties of advanced graphene composite as cathode and anode for LIBs are reviewed. Two novel kinds of graphene hybrid materials are specially highlighted: three-dimensional porous and flexible binder-free graphene-based materials. Challenges for LIBs and future research trend in the development of high-performance electrode materials are further discussed.
