On August 20,the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Studies Center held a book launch event“Hand in Hand,Heart to Heart-Toward a Shared Future”for Stories of the SCO in the New Era in Beijing.China's Assistant Mini...On August 20,the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Studies Center held a book launch event“Hand in Hand,Heart to Heart-Toward a Shared Future”for Stories of the SCO in the New Era in Beijing.China's Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Liu Bin and Deputy Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)Ahmad Saidmurodzoda delivered speeches at the event,which was also attended by Zhang Deguang,China's former Vice Foreign Minister and the SCO's inaugural Secretary-General.展开更多
This study examined the positive changes that water-based nail treatments can bring to emotions and behavior in children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children.Children who do not attend...This study examined the positive changes that water-based nail treatments can bring to emotions and behavior in children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children.Children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children were given water-based nail treatments about once a week for three months.In addition,the parents of these children were asked to respond to questions about their children’s daily activities.The results showed that natural communication through nail treatments significantly increased positive emotions.However,continued nail treatments did not reduce the children’s problem behaviors.Some children returned to school,while others continued not attending school.Increased frequency of visits and number of treatments confirmed the promotion of communication.It was suggested that building positive relationships with family and supporters is important for achieving sustained effects from nail treatments.This study showed that nail treatments are a useful tool for promoting positive emotions,self-acceptance,and social skills,and may contribute to the emotional growth and social interest of children who do not attend school.展开更多
The Book of Changes is a huge system, including （1） Taiji Yin-yang five elements system; （2） Taiji-2 status-4 images-8 hexagrams--64 hexagrams, internal 8 hexagrams and external 8 hexagrams; （3） moral system, ＂...The Book of Changes is a huge system, including （1） Taiji Yin-yang five elements system; （2） Taiji-2 status-4 images-8 hexagrams--64 hexagrams, internal 8 hexagrams and external 8 hexagrams; （3） moral system, ＂Tao generates one, one generates two, two generate three and three generate everything＂; （4） heavenly stems and earthly branches system; （5） Hetu, Luoshu and 9 grid pattern systems; （6） 60 Jiazi system （a cycle of 60 years） of year, month, day and hour; （7） TCM five evolutive phases and six climatic factors system, including host evolutive phase and host climatic factor, vip evolutive phase and vip climatic factor. The Book of Changes is stemmed fi＇om accurate recognition and description on life system and movement, e.g. it can （1） describe the structure, movements and changes of life core system--five abdominal Zang organs and five abdominal Fu organs with Yin-yang four-season five elements, 10 heavenly stems, Hetu, internal 8 hexagrams and host evolutive phase of five evolutive phases; （2） describe the structure, movements and changes of outside system of life form with Yin-yang six climatic factors five elements, 12 earthly branches, Luoshu, external 8 hexagrams, host climatic factor of six climatic factors; （3） describe the system of life form core structure combined with outside system with 12 energy channels system and 64 hexagrams system; （4） describe the four gradations in life form with Taiji-2 status-4 images-8 hexagrams system and moral system; （5） describe the power system of development and growth--longitudinal four seasons of life form via 60 Jiazi system （a cycle of 60 years） of year, month, day and hour; （6） the horizontal four-season movements of life form generate TCM host evolutive phase and host climatic factor, whilst the longitudinal four-season movements generate TCM vip evolutive phase and vip climatic factor. With the disclosing of origin of The Book of Changes, the universe secretes are being fully discovered.展开更多
Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related...Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,展开更多
Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of i...Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.展开更多
Back pain is a worldwide health problem, adding a tremendous burden to modern societies. However, little information on back health is available in China, even though a quarter of the world＇s population is Chinese. T...Back pain is a worldwide health problem, adding a tremendous burden to modern societies. However, little information on back health is available in China, even though a quarter of the world＇s population is Chinese. To enhance knowledge in this area, we designed and initiated the Hangzhou Lumbar Spine Study, which is a cross-sectional study of a general sample of mainland Chinese with focusing on disc degeneration, Modic changes, endplate lesions, and back pain. The study consists of a structured questionnaire to measure back pain history and lifetime exposure to suspected risk factors, magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine, bone mineral density study of the spine and hip, and DNA sample analysis. Here we briefly introduce the study methodology, report the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire, and describe the cohort profile to date. Since May 2014, 301 randomly selected subjects（male/female, 122/179; mean age, 51.0 years; range, 20–87 years） have been recruited. Tests-retests of the questionnaire, completed by 40 participants, revealed good reliability. To our knowledge, the Hangzhou Lumbar Spine Study is the first population-based epidemiological study conducted to characterize lumbar spinal phenotypes and back pain, their interaction, and their associations with lifetime environmental exposure, in mainland Chinese. Epidemiological information obtained from a reliable questionnaire, magnetic resonance（MR） imaging data, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry（DXA） measurements, and DNA analysis may serve as a valuable reference for future studies on back health, particularly for mainland Chinese.展开更多
Background: Forest management decisions are based on expectations of future developments. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developments and to account for their i...Background: Forest management decisions are based on expectations of future developments. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developments and to account for their inherent uncertainty,for example the impact of climate change on forests. Changing climatic conditions affect forest productivity and alter the risk profile of forests and forest enterprises. Intensifying drought stress is seen as one major risk factor threatening forest management in the north German lowlands. Drought stress reduces tree growth and vitality and might even trigger mortality. But so far, it is not possible to quantify effects of a persistent dryer climate on forest productivity at a level suitable for forest management.Methods: We apply a well-established single-tree forest growth simulator to quantify the effect of persistent dryer climates on future forest productivity. We analyse the growth of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech(Fagus sylvatico L.) and oak(Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.) in two forest regions in the north German lowlands for a time interval of 60 years until 2070. The growth response under three different climate projections is compared to a baseline scenario.Results: The results show clear differences in volume increment to persistent dryer climates between tree species. The findings exhibit regional differences and temporal trends. While mean annual increment at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak predominantly benefits from the projected climate conditions until 2070, beech might suffer losses of up to 3 m^3·ha^(-1)yr^(-1) depending on climate scenario and region. However, in the projection period2051 to 2070 the uncertainty ranges comprise positive as well as negative climatic effects for all species.Conclusions: The projected changes in forest growth serve as quantitative contributions to provide decision support in the evaluation of, for example, species future site suitability and timber supply assessments. The analysis of productivity changes under persistent dryer climate complements the drought vulnerability assessment which is applied in practical forestry in northwestern Germany today. The projected species' productivity has strong implications for forest management and the inherent uncertainty needs to be accounted for.展开更多
1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.
The North East China Transect (NECT) is an exemplary region of landmass running along the line of 43°30′ North Latitude and caught between 112° and 130°30′ East Longtitude, and is being sampled by the...The North East China Transect (NECT) is an exemplary region of landmass running along the line of 43°30′ North Latitude and caught between 112° and 130°30′ East Longtitude, and is being sampled by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) for today’s study on global change. So far, it has already been listed in the first set of IGBP-sponsored transects, becoming a key theatre and "hot spot" for probing terrestrial ecosystems. In terms of biota, the nearly 1,600-kilometre-long tract is located in a mid-latitude zone, featuring a vegetational transition from a temperate timberland of evergreen coniferous forests and broadleaved deciduous forests to a mild-temperate steppe. According to the norms of biome types, it consists of three subzones: meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe in a continuous east-to-west spatial sequence. There are four ecological stations supported by a great number of permanent samples, long-term plots and an enormous build-up of experimental data along展开更多
The study area is located between the cities of Comitan (16°10'43"N and 92°04'20''W) a city with 150,000 inhabitants and La Esperanza (16°9'15''N and 91°...The study area is located between the cities of Comitan (16°10'43"N and 92°04'20''W) a city with 150,000 inhabitants and La Esperanza (16°9'15''N and 91°52'5''W) a town with 3000 inhabitants. Both weather stations are 30 km from each other in the Chiapas State, México. 54 years of daily records of the series of maximum (<em>t</em><sub>max</sub>) and minimum temperatures (<em>t</em><sub>min</sub>) of the weather station 07205 Comitan that is on top of a house and 30 years of daily records of the weather station 07374 La Esperanza were analyzed. The objective is to analyze the evidence of climate change in the Comitan valley. 2.07% and 19.04% of missing data were filled, respectively, with the WS method. In order to verify homogeneity three methods were used: Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), the Von Neumann method and the Buishand method. The heterogeneous series were homogenized using climatol. The trends of <em>t</em><sub>max</sub> and <em>t</em><sub>min</sub> for both weather stations were analyzed by simple linear regression, Sperman’s rho and Mann-Kendall tests. The Mann-Kendal test method confirmed the warming trend at the Comitan station for both variables with <em>Z<sub>MK</sub></em> statistic values equal to 1.57 (statistically not significant) and 4.64 (statistically significant). However, for the Esperanza station, it determined a cooling trend for tmin and a slight non-significant warming for <em>t</em><sub>max</sub> with a <em>Z</em><sub><em>MK</em></sub> statistic of -2.27 (statistically significant) and 1.16 (statistically not significant), for a significance level <em>α</em> = 0.05.展开更多
In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine ...In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine layers in the vertical and the model variables are represented in the horizontal as truncated expansions of the surface spherical harmonics with rhomboidal truncation at wave number 15. The model involves comparatively complete physical processes and parameterizations with mountains.Using the above model, two experimental schemes are designed, namely control case and anomalous sea surface temperature case. The above two schemes are respectively integrated for forty days and the simulated results are obtained from the last 30-day averaged simulations.The simulations show that positive SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific weakens Indian monsoon circulation,decreases precipitation in Indian sub-continent whereas it intensifies East Asian monsoon circulation and increases precipitation in East Asian area. All these results reflect the characteristics of Asian summer monsoon during the El Nino period. In this paper, SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific have a direct influence on the intensity and position of subtropical high via the wave train over Northern Hemisphere, which is similar to that suggested by Nitta(1987) and the wave train over Southern Hemisphere has an influence on the intensity of Muscarene high and Australia high resulting in affecting cross equatorial flow. As a result, atmospheric interior heat sources and sinks are redistributed because of the change of cross equatorial flow. And the response of atmosphere to the new heat source and sink has a significant influence on Asian summer monsoon.展开更多
Change in valency of Nb-oxide in MnO-SiO_2-Nb_2O_5 system was studied with the electrochemical method using ZrO_2 as the solid electrolyte.Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the only possible reaction that could ta...Change in valency of Nb-oxide in MnO-SiO_2-Nb_2O_5 system was studied with the electrochemical method using ZrO_2 as the solid electrolyte.Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the only possible reaction that could take place at the working elec- trode is:2(Nb_2O_5)=2(Nb_2O_4)+O_2 with the a_0 values experimentally evaluated,values of a Nb_2O:/a Nb_2O:were calculated and isoactivity-ratio curves drawn in MnO-SiO_2-Nb_2O_5 triangles at 1418 and 1585K.The simultaneous existence of tetra-and penta-valent Nb mineral constituents in industrial Nb-bearing slags was thus verified experimentally.展开更多
Nowadays, more and more educators have affirmed that picture book plays an important significance in the development of children and thought that reading picture book is indispensable to the education of lower grades ...Nowadays, more and more educators have affirmed that picture book plays an important significance in the development of children and thought that reading picture book is indispensable to the education of lower grades of elementary school.However, the teaching of reading in English, most teachers have not realized the satisfactory teaching effect, it is necessary to analyze the theoretical basis of English picture book and its application in the teaching of English reading in lower grades of elementary school and dig its value.展开更多
Objective To investigate the changing regularity of thoracic pedicle screw channel (PSC) in different transverse screw angle(TSA).Methods CT scan images of thoracic vertebrae of a healthy adult ware digitally analyzed...Objective To investigate the changing regularity of thoracic pedicle screw channel (PSC) in different transverse screw angle(TSA).Methods CT scan images of thoracic vertebrae of a healthy adult ware digitally analyzed by Mimics 10.01展开更多
Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in Chi...Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020were recruited in this multicenter study.Two indices(i.e.,hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration[HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime.Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.Results The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility.Specifically,a 1 ℃ increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090(95% confidence interval[CI]:–0.0147,–0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094(95% CI:–0.0160,–0.0029).HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021(95% CI:–0.0040,–0.0003) and 0.0023(95% CI:–0.0043,–0.0002),respectively.Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.展开更多
This prospective study aimed to investigate the associations of untreated cholesterol levels and their longitudinal changes,especially low levels,with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in different populations.Pa...This prospective study aimed to investigate the associations of untreated cholesterol levels and their longitudinal changes,especially low levels,with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in different populations.Participants were drawn from two Chinese cohorts and the UK Biobank,excluding those with lipid-lowering medications,coronary heart disease(CHD),stroke,cancer,clinically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,low body mass index(<18.5 kg·m^(-2))at baseline,and deaths within the first two years to minimize reverse causality.Individual cholesterol changes were assessed in a subset who attended the resurvey after over four years.Mortality data were linked to registries,and risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.A total of 163115 Chinese and 317305 UK adults were included(mean age,49-61 years),with 43%,81%,and 44%males in Dongfeng-Tongji,Kailuan,and UK Biobank cohorts,respectively.During a median follow-up of 9.7-12.9 years,9553 and 15760 deaths were documented in the Chinese cohorts and UK Biobank,respectively.After multivariate adjustments,nonlinear relationships were observed between total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels and mortality.In both populations,high cholesterol was primarily associated with CHD mortality,while low cholesterol associated with all-cause and cancer mortality(Pnonlinear≤0.0161).The optimal levels for all-cause mortality risk in Chinese adults(TC:200 mg·dL^(-1);LDL-C:130 mg·dL^(-1);non-HDL-C:155 mg·dL^(-1))were lower than those in the UK Biobank but consistent with guideline recommendation.Additionally,decreasing cholesterol levels over four years were associated with higher all-cause and cancer mortality in the Chinese cohorts(P_(nonlinear)≤0.0100).Participants with low TC,LDL-C,or non-HDL-C levels at both baseline and resurvey experienced elevated all-cause mortality risks in both populations,as did those with low/medium baseline levels and>20%reductions over time in Chinese adults.In conclusion,higher TC,LDL-C,and non-HDL-C levels are associated with elevated CHD mortality.Importantly,low and/or longitudinally decreasing cholesterol levels are robustly associated with increased all-cause and cancer mortality,potentially serving as markers of premature death.Regular cholesterol monitoring,with attention to both high and low levels,is recommended to inform guideline updates and clinical strategies.展开更多
Background： The fragile landscapes of the Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, and there is ongoing concern about current and potential climate change impacts. This study provides background in...Background： The fragile landscapes of the Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, and there is ongoing concern about current and potential climate change impacts. This study provides background information on India＇s Western Himalayas and reviews evidence of warming as well as variability in precipitation and extreme events.Methods： Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change on Himalayan forest ecosystems and the services they provide to people are critical. Efforts to develop and implement effective policies and management strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation requires particular new research initiatives. The various studies initiated and conducted in the region are compiled here.Results： Several new initiatives taken by the Himalayan Forest Research Institute in Shimla are described. This includes new permanent observational field studies, some with mapped trees, in high altitude transitional zones for continuous monitoring of vegetation response. We have also presented new strategies for mitigating potential climate change effects in Himalayan forest ecosystems.Conclusions： Assessment of the ecological and genetic diversity of the Himalayan conifers is required to evaluate potential responses to changing climatic conditions. Conservation strategies for the important temperate medicinal plants need to be developed. The impact of climate change on insects and pathogens in the Himalayas also need to be assessed. Coordinated efforts are necessary to develop effective strategies for adaptation and mitigation.展开更多
Arterial stiffness is considered an important indicator reflecting age-related changes in the vascular wall[1]and the risk of developing comorbidities,[2]primarily cardiovascular diseases.[3]Cardiovascular diseases re...Arterial stiffness is considered an important indicator reflecting age-related changes in the vascular wall[1]and the risk of developing comorbidities,[2]primarily cardiovascular diseases.[3]Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide.Many factors influence the rate of arterial aging.Research results have confirmed that arterial wall stiffness increases with an increasing number of risk factors,[4]as each of them acts independently through various mechanisms,adversely affecting the structure and function of the cardiovascular system.展开更多
The impact of climate change on streamflow in the Xitiaoxi catchment is assessed by using VIC （variable infiltration capacity） model coupled with PRECIS （providing regional climate for impacts studies）. Results sh...The impact of climate change on streamflow in the Xitiaoxi catchment is assessed by using VIC （variable infiltration capacity） model coupled with PRECIS （providing regional climate for impacts studies）. Results show that the VIC model is adaptable for the study area. Both deterministic coefficient and NashSuttcliffe efficiency coefficient are greater than 0.75, with a good agreement between observed and simulated discharge. The runoff will increase in the future, especially during flood seasons. The magnitude of floods in the future （2021-2050） under A2 and B2 scenarios will be greater than that during the baseline period （1961-1990）, but it may not exceed that during the 1990s.展开更多
文摘On August 20,the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy Studies Center held a book launch event“Hand in Hand,Heart to Heart-Toward a Shared Future”for Stories of the SCO in the New Era in Beijing.China's Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Liu Bin and Deputy Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)Ahmad Saidmurodzoda delivered speeches at the event,which was also attended by Zhang Deguang,China's former Vice Foreign Minister and the SCO's inaugural Secretary-General.
基金supported by a research grant from the Hoyu Science Foundation in 2023.
文摘This study examined the positive changes that water-based nail treatments can bring to emotions and behavior in children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children.Children who do not attend school and use a place for school-refusing children were given water-based nail treatments about once a week for three months.In addition,the parents of these children were asked to respond to questions about their children’s daily activities.The results showed that natural communication through nail treatments significantly increased positive emotions.However,continued nail treatments did not reduce the children’s problem behaviors.Some children returned to school,while others continued not attending school.Increased frequency of visits and number of treatments confirmed the promotion of communication.It was suggested that building positive relationships with family and supporters is important for achieving sustained effects from nail treatments.This study showed that nail treatments are a useful tool for promoting positive emotions,self-acceptance,and social skills,and may contribute to the emotional growth and social interest of children who do not attend school.
文摘The Book of Changes is a huge system, including （1） Taiji Yin-yang five elements system; （2） Taiji-2 status-4 images-8 hexagrams--64 hexagrams, internal 8 hexagrams and external 8 hexagrams; （3） moral system, ＂Tao generates one, one generates two, two generate three and three generate everything＂; （4） heavenly stems and earthly branches system; （5） Hetu, Luoshu and 9 grid pattern systems; （6） 60 Jiazi system （a cycle of 60 years） of year, month, day and hour; （7） TCM five evolutive phases and six climatic factors system, including host evolutive phase and host climatic factor, vip evolutive phase and vip climatic factor. The Book of Changes is stemmed fi＇om accurate recognition and description on life system and movement, e.g. it can （1） describe the structure, movements and changes of life core system--five abdominal Zang organs and five abdominal Fu organs with Yin-yang four-season five elements, 10 heavenly stems, Hetu, internal 8 hexagrams and host evolutive phase of five evolutive phases; （2） describe the structure, movements and changes of outside system of life form with Yin-yang six climatic factors five elements, 12 earthly branches, Luoshu, external 8 hexagrams, host climatic factor of six climatic factors; （3） describe the system of life form core structure combined with outside system with 12 energy channels system and 64 hexagrams system; （4） describe the four gradations in life form with Taiji-2 status-4 images-8 hexagrams system and moral system; （5） describe the power system of development and growth--longitudinal four seasons of life form via 60 Jiazi system （a cycle of 60 years） of year, month, day and hour; （6） the horizontal four-season movements of life form generate TCM host evolutive phase and host climatic factor, whilst the longitudinal four-season movements generate TCM vip evolutive phase and vip climatic factor. With the disclosing of origin of The Book of Changes, the universe secretes are being fully discovered.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, No. 2012R1A1B4003477
文摘Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2017-I2M-1-004,2019-I2M-2-003)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2017YFC0211700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91843302).The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
文摘Background The relationships between dietary intake of soybean products and incident hypertension were still uncertain.This study aimed to illustrate the associations between intake of soybean products with risks of incident hypertension and longitudinal changes of blood pressure in a prospective cohort study.Methods We included 67,499 general Chinese adults from the Project of Prediction for Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China(China-PAR).Information about soybean products consumption was collected by standardized questionnaires,and study participants were categorized into the ideal(≥125 g/day)or non-ideal(<125 g/day)group.Hazard ratios(HRs)and corresponding 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)for incident hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazard models.Among participants with repeated measures of blood pressure,generalized linear models were used to examine the relationships between soybean products consumption and blood pressure changes.Results During a median follow-up of 7.4 years,compared with participants who consumed<125 g of soybean products per day,multivariable adjusted HR for those in the ideal group was 0.73(0.67-0.80).This inverse association remained robust across most subgroups while significant interactions were tested between soybean products intake and age,sex,urbanization and geographic region(P values for interaction<0.05).The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were 1.05(0.71-1.39)mmHg and 0.44(0.22-0.66)mmHg lower among participants in the ideal group than those in the non-ideal group.Conclusions Our study showed that intake of soybean products might reduce the long-term blood pressure levels and hypertension incidence among Chinese population,which has important public health implications for primary prevention of hypertension.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81371995)the Key Platform Project of the Health Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2015ZDA014)the 2015 Qianjiang Talent Program of Zhejiang Province,China
文摘Back pain is a worldwide health problem, adding a tremendous burden to modern societies. However, little information on back health is available in China, even though a quarter of the world＇s population is Chinese. To enhance knowledge in this area, we designed and initiated the Hangzhou Lumbar Spine Study, which is a cross-sectional study of a general sample of mainland Chinese with focusing on disc degeneration, Modic changes, endplate lesions, and back pain. The study consists of a structured questionnaire to measure back pain history and lifetime exposure to suspected risk factors, magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine, bone mineral density study of the spine and hip, and DNA sample analysis. Here we briefly introduce the study methodology, report the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire, and describe the cohort profile to date. Since May 2014, 301 randomly selected subjects（male/female, 122/179; mean age, 51.0 years; range, 20–87 years） have been recruited. Tests-retests of the questionnaire, completed by 40 participants, revealed good reliability. To our knowledge, the Hangzhou Lumbar Spine Study is the first population-based epidemiological study conducted to characterize lumbar spinal phenotypes and back pain, their interaction, and their associations with lifetime environmental exposure, in mainland Chinese. Epidemiological information obtained from a reliable questionnaire, magnetic resonance（MR） imaging data, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry（DXA） measurements, and DNA analysis may serve as a valuable reference for future studies on back health, particularly for mainland Chinese.
基金funded by the German Federal Ministry of Fducation and Research under research grant 033L029H and is part of the interdisciplinary research project"Sustainable land-use management in the North German lowlands"
文摘Background: Forest management decisions are based on expectations of future developments. For sound decisions it is essential to accurately predict the expected values in future developments and to account for their inherent uncertainty,for example the impact of climate change on forests. Changing climatic conditions affect forest productivity and alter the risk profile of forests and forest enterprises. Intensifying drought stress is seen as one major risk factor threatening forest management in the north German lowlands. Drought stress reduces tree growth and vitality and might even trigger mortality. But so far, it is not possible to quantify effects of a persistent dryer climate on forest productivity at a level suitable for forest management.Methods: We apply a well-established single-tree forest growth simulator to quantify the effect of persistent dryer climates on future forest productivity. We analyse the growth of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech(Fagus sylvatico L.) and oak(Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl.) in two forest regions in the north German lowlands for a time interval of 60 years until 2070. The growth response under three different climate projections is compared to a baseline scenario.Results: The results show clear differences in volume increment to persistent dryer climates between tree species. The findings exhibit regional differences and temporal trends. While mean annual increment at biological rotation age of Scots pine and oak predominantly benefits from the projected climate conditions until 2070, beech might suffer losses of up to 3 m^3·ha^(-1)yr^(-1) depending on climate scenario and region. However, in the projection period2051 to 2070 the uncertainty ranges comprise positive as well as negative climatic effects for all species.Conclusions: The projected changes in forest growth serve as quantitative contributions to provide decision support in the evaluation of, for example, species future site suitability and timber supply assessments. The analysis of productivity changes under persistent dryer climate complements the drought vulnerability assessment which is applied in practical forestry in northwestern Germany today. The projected species' productivity has strong implications for forest management and the inherent uncertainty needs to be accounted for.
基金supported by funding the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) and the grant number is 2014CB239000
文摘1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.
基金This research work is jointly subsidied by two research projects entitled"A Predictive Study on the Changing Trend of Life-supporting Environment in China Over the Next 20-50 YearsA Modeling Research on the Responses of China's Terrestrial Ecosys
文摘The North East China Transect (NECT) is an exemplary region of landmass running along the line of 43°30′ North Latitude and caught between 112° and 130°30′ East Longtitude, and is being sampled by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) for today’s study on global change. So far, it has already been listed in the first set of IGBP-sponsored transects, becoming a key theatre and "hot spot" for probing terrestrial ecosystems. In terms of biota, the nearly 1,600-kilometre-long tract is located in a mid-latitude zone, featuring a vegetational transition from a temperate timberland of evergreen coniferous forests and broadleaved deciduous forests to a mild-temperate steppe. According to the norms of biome types, it consists of three subzones: meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe in a continuous east-to-west spatial sequence. There are four ecological stations supported by a great number of permanent samples, long-term plots and an enormous build-up of experimental data along
文摘The study area is located between the cities of Comitan (16°10'43"N and 92°04'20''W) a city with 150,000 inhabitants and La Esperanza (16°9'15''N and 91°52'5''W) a town with 3000 inhabitants. Both weather stations are 30 km from each other in the Chiapas State, México. 54 years of daily records of the series of maximum (<em>t</em><sub>max</sub>) and minimum temperatures (<em>t</em><sub>min</sub>) of the weather station 07205 Comitan that is on top of a house and 30 years of daily records of the weather station 07374 La Esperanza were analyzed. The objective is to analyze the evidence of climate change in the Comitan valley. 2.07% and 19.04% of missing data were filled, respectively, with the WS method. In order to verify homogeneity three methods were used: Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT), the Von Neumann method and the Buishand method. The heterogeneous series were homogenized using climatol. The trends of <em>t</em><sub>max</sub> and <em>t</em><sub>min</sub> for both weather stations were analyzed by simple linear regression, Sperman’s rho and Mann-Kendall tests. The Mann-Kendal test method confirmed the warming trend at the Comitan station for both variables with <em>Z<sub>MK</sub></em> statistic values equal to 1.57 (statistically not significant) and 4.64 (statistically significant). However, for the Esperanza station, it determined a cooling trend for tmin and a slight non-significant warming for <em>t</em><sub>max</sub> with a <em>Z</em><sub><em>MK</em></sub> statistic of -2.27 (statistically significant) and 1.16 (statistically not significant), for a significance level <em>α</em> = 0.05.
文摘In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine layers in the vertical and the model variables are represented in the horizontal as truncated expansions of the surface spherical harmonics with rhomboidal truncation at wave number 15. The model involves comparatively complete physical processes and parameterizations with mountains.Using the above model, two experimental schemes are designed, namely control case and anomalous sea surface temperature case. The above two schemes are respectively integrated for forty days and the simulated results are obtained from the last 30-day averaged simulations.The simulations show that positive SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific weakens Indian monsoon circulation,decreases precipitation in Indian sub-continent whereas it intensifies East Asian monsoon circulation and increases precipitation in East Asian area. All these results reflect the characteristics of Asian summer monsoon during the El Nino period. In this paper, SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific have a direct influence on the intensity and position of subtropical high via the wave train over Northern Hemisphere, which is similar to that suggested by Nitta(1987) and the wave train over Southern Hemisphere has an influence on the intensity of Muscarene high and Australia high resulting in affecting cross equatorial flow. As a result, atmospheric interior heat sources and sinks are redistributed because of the change of cross equatorial flow. And the response of atmosphere to the new heat source and sink has a significant influence on Asian summer monsoon.
文摘Change in valency of Nb-oxide in MnO-SiO_2-Nb_2O_5 system was studied with the electrochemical method using ZrO_2 as the solid electrolyte.Thermodynamic analysis has shown that the only possible reaction that could take place at the working elec- trode is:2(Nb_2O_5)=2(Nb_2O_4)+O_2 with the a_0 values experimentally evaluated,values of a Nb_2O:/a Nb_2O:were calculated and isoactivity-ratio curves drawn in MnO-SiO_2-Nb_2O_5 triangles at 1418 and 1585K.The simultaneous existence of tetra-and penta-valent Nb mineral constituents in industrial Nb-bearing slags was thus verified experimentally.
文摘Nowadays, more and more educators have affirmed that picture book plays an important significance in the development of children and thought that reading picture book is indispensable to the education of lower grades of elementary school.However, the teaching of reading in English, most teachers have not realized the satisfactory teaching effect, it is necessary to analyze the theoretical basis of English picture book and its application in the teaching of English reading in lower grades of elementary school and dig its value.
文摘Objective To investigate the changing regularity of thoracic pedicle screw channel (PSC) in different transverse screw angle(TSA).Methods CT scan images of thoracic vertebrae of a healthy adult ware digitally analyzed by Mimics 10.01
基金funded by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2022A1515011517).
文摘Objective To explore and quantify the association of hot night exposure during the sperm development period(0–90 lag days) with semen quality.Methods A total of 6,640 male sperm donors from 6 human sperm banks in China during 2014–2020were recruited in this multicenter study.Two indices(i.e.,hot night excess [HNE] and hot night duration[HND]) were used to estimate the heat intensity and duration during nighttime.Linear mixed models were used to examine the association between hot nights and semen quality parameters.Results The exposure-response relationship revealed that HNE and HND during 0–90 days before semen collection had a significantly inverse association with sperm motility.Specifically,a 1 ℃ increase in HNE was associated with decreased sperm progressive motility of 0.0090(95% confidence interval[CI]:–0.0147,–0.0033) and decreased total motility of 0.0094(95% CI:–0.0160,–0.0029).HND was significantly associated with reduced sperm progressive motility and total motility of 0.0021(95% CI:–0.0040,–0.0003) and 0.0023(95% CI:–0.0043,–0.0002),respectively.Consistent results were observed at different temperature thresholds on hot nights.Conclusion Our findings highlight the need to mitigate nocturnal heat exposure during spermatogenesis to maintain optimal semen quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82021005,82192903,81930092)the Chief Scientist Research Project of Hubei Shizhen Laboratory(HSL2024SX0003)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019kfyXMBZ015)the 111 Project and the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University.
文摘This prospective study aimed to investigate the associations of untreated cholesterol levels and their longitudinal changes,especially low levels,with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in different populations.Participants were drawn from two Chinese cohorts and the UK Biobank,excluding those with lipid-lowering medications,coronary heart disease(CHD),stroke,cancer,clinically diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,low body mass index(<18.5 kg·m^(-2))at baseline,and deaths within the first two years to minimize reverse causality.Individual cholesterol changes were assessed in a subset who attended the resurvey after over four years.Mortality data were linked to registries,and risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.A total of 163115 Chinese and 317305 UK adults were included(mean age,49-61 years),with 43%,81%,and 44%males in Dongfeng-Tongji,Kailuan,and UK Biobank cohorts,respectively.During a median follow-up of 9.7-12.9 years,9553 and 15760 deaths were documented in the Chinese cohorts and UK Biobank,respectively.After multivariate adjustments,nonlinear relationships were observed between total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels and mortality.In both populations,high cholesterol was primarily associated with CHD mortality,while low cholesterol associated with all-cause and cancer mortality(Pnonlinear≤0.0161).The optimal levels for all-cause mortality risk in Chinese adults(TC:200 mg·dL^(-1);LDL-C:130 mg·dL^(-1);non-HDL-C:155 mg·dL^(-1))were lower than those in the UK Biobank but consistent with guideline recommendation.Additionally,decreasing cholesterol levels over four years were associated with higher all-cause and cancer mortality in the Chinese cohorts(P_(nonlinear)≤0.0100).Participants with low TC,LDL-C,or non-HDL-C levels at both baseline and resurvey experienced elevated all-cause mortality risks in both populations,as did those with low/medium baseline levels and>20%reductions over time in Chinese adults.In conclusion,higher TC,LDL-C,and non-HDL-C levels are associated with elevated CHD mortality.Importantly,low and/or longitudinally decreasing cholesterol levels are robustly associated with increased all-cause and cancer mortality,potentially serving as markers of premature death.Regular cholesterol monitoring,with attention to both high and low levels,is recommended to inform guideline updates and clinical strategies.
文摘Background： The fragile landscapes of the Himalayan region are highly susceptible to natural hazards, and there is ongoing concern about current and potential climate change impacts. This study provides background information on India＇s Western Himalayas and reviews evidence of warming as well as variability in precipitation and extreme events.Methods： Understanding and anticipating the impacts of climate change on Himalayan forest ecosystems and the services they provide to people are critical. Efforts to develop and implement effective policies and management strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation requires particular new research initiatives. The various studies initiated and conducted in the region are compiled here.Results： Several new initiatives taken by the Himalayan Forest Research Institute in Shimla are described. This includes new permanent observational field studies, some with mapped trees, in high altitude transitional zones for continuous monitoring of vegetation response. We have also presented new strategies for mitigating potential climate change effects in Himalayan forest ecosystems.Conclusions： Assessment of the ecological and genetic diversity of the Himalayan conifers is required to evaluate potential responses to changing climatic conditions. Conservation strategies for the important temperate medicinal plants need to be developed. The impact of climate change on insects and pathogens in the Himalayas also need to be assessed. Coordinated efforts are necessary to develop effective strategies for adaptation and mitigation.
文摘Arterial stiffness is considered an important indicator reflecting age-related changes in the vascular wall[1]and the risk of developing comorbidities,[2]primarily cardiovascular diseases.[3]Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide.Many factors influence the rate of arterial aging.Research results have confirmed that arterial wall stiffness increases with an increasing number of risk factors,[4]as each of them acts independently through various mechanisms,adversely affecting the structure and function of the cardiovascular system.
基金Supported by China/UK Scientific Cooperation Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006DFA71390)Open Research Foundation of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-power Research
文摘The impact of climate change on streamflow in the Xitiaoxi catchment is assessed by using VIC （variable infiltration capacity） model coupled with PRECIS （providing regional climate for impacts studies）. Results show that the VIC model is adaptable for the study area. Both deterministic coefficient and NashSuttcliffe efficiency coefficient are greater than 0.75, with a good agreement between observed and simulated discharge. The runoff will increase in the future, especially during flood seasons. The magnitude of floods in the future （2021-2050） under A2 and B2 scenarios will be greater than that during the baseline period （1961-1990）, but it may not exceed that during the 1990s.
