The Hengduan Mountains,situated on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are the longest and widest north-south-oriented mountain range in China,exerting a significant influence on the ecological and geog...The Hengduan Mountains,situated on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are the longest and widest north-south-oriented mountain range in China,exerting a significant influence on the ecological and geographical pattern.Understanding the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of the Hengduan Mountains is fundamental and crucial for research in related fields such as ecology,geography,and sustainability.In this study,Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data were utilized to extract and analyze the topography and geomorphology(TG)pattern.TG maps have been developed to quantitatively classify the TG types in the Hengduan Mountains by combining the five factors of elevation,slope,aspect,relief and landform.The spatial distribution and quantitative characteristics of these factors were mapped and investigated using geographic information systems.The results revealed that:(1)The Hengduan Mountains exhibit an elongated north-south distribution,with an average elevation of approximately 3746 m,an average slope of around 25°,and an average relief of about 266 m.(2)The Hengduan Mountains display significant elevation differences,with an overall high elevation,characterized by a trend of lower elevation in the east and higher elevation in the west,as well as irregular orientations of various aspects.(3)The 19 landform types were identified,the landform types of the Hengduan Mountains are primarily composed of low-relief high-mountains(42.0618%),low-relief mid-mountains(22.4624%),and high-elevation hills(20.5839%).The results of the study can provide data and information support for the ecology,environmental protection and sustainable development of the Hengduan Mountains.展开更多
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examine...Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.展开更多
Rock fractures or faults could be reactivated by the thermal stress generated during the decay process of the high-level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories(DGRs).Understanding thermoshearing behavior an...Rock fractures or faults could be reactivated by the thermal stress generated during the decay process of the high-level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories(DGRs).Understanding thermoshearing behavior and its influencing factors are important for the long-term performance assessment of DGRs.We designed multistage mechanical(M)shear tests and thermomechanical(TM)shear tests on three 100 mm-cubic granite specimens,each containing a single inclined sawcut fracture with distinct microroughness of 8-15μm.M test results have shown that the static friction coefficient of the granite fracture decreases in proportion to the increase in the logarithm of the loading rate within the range of 1-15 kPa/s.For the given heating and boundary conditions,thermal loading rate,i.e.,thermal stress increment with heating time,is measured to be around 1 kPa/s in the fractured granite.Thermoshearing can be well predicted by the linear Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope deduced from M shear tests employing a loading rate that is comparable with the thermal loading rate.The granite fractures exhibited two distinct slip patterns during the mechanical shearing,i.e.,stick-slip observed in the smooth fracture and stable sliding in the relatively rough surface.In contrast,the mechanical loading rate(1-15 kPa/s)investigated in this study appears to not influence the slip pattern.Unlike those in M shear tests,thermoshearing in both smooth and relatively rough fractures show stable sliding with a very slow peak velocity of around 0.002μm/s.展开更多
In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience...In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.展开更多
The isolated fracture-vug systems controlled by small-scale strike-slip faults within ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim Basin exhibit significant exploration potential.The study employs a novel training set inco...The isolated fracture-vug systems controlled by small-scale strike-slip faults within ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim Basin exhibit significant exploration potential.The study employs a novel training set incorporating innovative fault labels to train a U-Net-structured CNN model,enabling effective identification of small-scale strike-slip faults through seismic data interpretation.Based on the CNN faults,we analyze the distribution patterns of small-scale strike-slip faults.The small-scale strike-slip faults can be categorized into NNW-trending and NE-trending groups with strike lengths ranging 200–5000 m.The development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults in the Lower Yingshan Member notably exceeds that in the Upper Member.The Lower and Upper Yingshan members are two distinct mechanical layers with contrasting brittleness characteristics,separated by a low-brittleness layer.The superior brittleness of the Lower Yingshan Member enhances the development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults compared to the upper member,while the low-brittleness layer exerts restrictive effects on vertical fault propagation.Fracture-vug systems formed by interactions of two or more small-scale strike-slip faults demonstrate larger sizes than those controlled by individual faults.All fracture-vug system sizes show positive correlations with the vertical extents of associated small-scale strike-slip faults,particularly intersection and approaching fracture-vug systems exhibit accelerated size increases proportional to the vertical extents.展开更多
The transport of suspended particulate matter is a crucial aspect of studies on sediment source-to-sink processes.However,research on its transport patterns in high-erosion areas of low-latitude seas remains limited.T...The transport of suspended particulate matter is a crucial aspect of studies on sediment source-to-sink processes.However,research on its transport patterns in high-erosion areas of low-latitude seas remains limited.To elucidate modern land-sea interaction processes controlled by the monsoon climate,this study investigates the seasonal transport patterns and control mechanisms of suspended particulate matter in the western Sunda Shelf.Results reveal significant seasonal variations in the spatial distribution of suspended particulate matter concentrations,with elevated levels observed during autumn compared with spring.These differences are directly attributed to the East Asian monsoon,including seasonal monsoon precipitation and the associated transport dynamics.During the northeast monsoon,the Malay Peninsula serves as a primary source for the western sea area,with terrestrial materials from its rivers transported to the northern Gulf of Thailand.This transport pattern shifts to an S-shaped,clockwise circulation during upwelling events.Conversely,in the southwest monsoon,rivers in the northern Gulf of Thailand become the predominant sources for the Sunda Shelf,with terrestrial materials carried by clockwise currents toward the eastern Malay Peninsula.When upwelling occurs off the southern Indochina Peninsula,one branch heads toward the South China Sea and the other toward the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.The seasonal variation in material sources is further supported by the distribution of clay minerals and the discrimination results of rare earth element proxies,including(La/Sm)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCCand(La/Yb)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCC,in surface sediments from the Sunda Shelf and surrounding marine areas.展开更多
Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guang...Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.展开更多
Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potentia...Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.展开更多
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, an...Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.展开更多
This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking an...This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.展开更多
China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rur...China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rural planning at the present stage.This study takes the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration,which is rich in historical and cultural heritage,as a specific case,analyzes the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of its historical and cultural resources.The results show that the distribution structure of historical and cultural element resources within the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration presents significant regional agglomeration and combination characteristics.In response to the analysis results,the study formulates an optimization strategy for the regional development pattern supported by the protection and development of historical and cultural resources,and initially proposes a matching spatial development pattern plan and policy recommendations for coordinated development.展开更多
In contemporary China,some domestic films are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,contributing to more and more excellent film&TV programs,among which,the styling inspired by animal patterns on Late Shang...In contemporary China,some domestic films are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,contributing to more and more excellent film&TV programs,among which,the styling inspired by animal patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware has given strong vitality to the film&TV programs.This paper is intended to compile and understand the cultural value and artistic features of the patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware as well as its value in the traditional pattern application.It provides certain references regarding the role of film&TV styling in the inheritance and application of traditional patterns,if we analyze the cognition and status quo of the Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware patterns in the contemporary film&TV styling,and if we go deep into its artistic value and its application within such makeup design and identify the problems and laws in current design cases.Such analysis also provides a way of thinking for the application of traditional patterns in current film&TV costume design.展开更多
In the production and life of ancient Chinese folk artists,through the abstract and geometric arrangement of things,they formed many meaningful patterns.These patterns are widely used in a variety of decorations,refle...In the production and life of ancient Chinese folk artists,through the abstract and geometric arrangement of things,they formed many meaningful patterns.These patterns are widely used in a variety of decorations,reflecting the most simple artistic ideas in the life of the working people,and are also an important embodiment of folk art aesthetics.Many elements of folk patterns have been preserved to this day,and they have an important role in inspiring and guiding today’s art design.This paper mainly analyzes the folk pattern elements and their artistic value,and elaborates on the application of folk pattern elements in architectural design and the specific design methods,to provide certain references for the combination of modern architectural design and traditional folk patterns.展开更多
In July 2021,a catastrophic extreme precipitation(EP)event occurred in Henan Province,China,resulting in considerable human and economic losses.The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive,characterized by th...In July 2021,a catastrophic extreme precipitation(EP)event occurred in Henan Province,China,resulting in considerable human and economic losses.The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive,characterized by the presence of two typhoons and substantial water transport into Henan.However,a favorable synoptic pattern only does not guarantee the occurrence of heavy precipitation in Henan.This study investigates the key environmental features critical for EP under similar synoptic patterns to the 2021 Henan extreme event.It is found that cold clouds are better aggregated on EP days,accompanied by beneficial environment features like enhanced moisture conditions,stronger updrafts,and greater atmospheric instability.The temporal evolution of these environmental features shows a leading signal by one to three days.These results suggest the importance of combining the synoptic pattern and environmental features in the forecasting of heavy precipitation events.展开更多
The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation...The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation between the SCA pattern and SEP over the ESTP,with a correlation coefficient of-0.57.Moisture budget analysis showed that the dynamic component anomalies of both the zonal and vertical moisture advection induced by the SCA pattern play the dominant roles in extreme precipitation variability over the ESTP.These anomalies are solely linked to variations in zonal wind and vertical velocity.The anomalies of the SCA pattern propagate downstream through Rossby waves,leading to the formation of cyclonic circulations over northern East Asia and the Iranian Plateau.The westerlies on the southern side of these cyclonic circulations play a crucial role in influencing the development of significant anomalous westerlies over the ESTP.The anomalous westerlies bring climatologically moist air from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)to the ESTP,resulting in positive zonal moisture advection anomalies over the area.Furthermore,these anomalous westerlies transport climatologically warm air from the TP to the ESTP,leading to significant warm advection anomalies and vertical upward motion anomalies over the ESTP.The upward motion carries lower-tropospheric moisture upward,resulting in positive vertical moisture advection anomalies over the ESTP.The combination of these positive zonal and vertical moisture advection anomalies eventually leads to excessive SEP.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation between five flavors(Wuwei)and the chemical substances of Chinese herbal medicines in Lamiaceae and to establish five flavors identification models.METHODS:A total of 245 herbs belon...OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation between five flavors(Wuwei)and the chemical substances of Chinese herbal medicines in Lamiaceae and to establish five flavors identification models.METHODS:A total of 245 herbs belonging to the Lamiaceae family were selected from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 and Chinese Materia Medica.A database of the chemical substances of these herbs was constructed,with the chemical substances obtained from the professional literature and databases.A three-level classification system of the material components was established on the basis of the molecular structure and biosynthetic pathway of these substances.Apriori association rule analysis and feature selection were employed to obtain the material basis of the five flavors.A multiple logistic regression analysis method was employed to establish identification models for the five flavors.RESULTS:The association rule analysis revealed 34 high-value groups and 30 specific groups for the main flavors,and 39 high-value groups and 36 specific groups for the combined flavors.Sixteen groups of chemical components were the decisive groups for the main flavors,and 13 groups were the decisive groups for the combined flavors.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to successfully establish identification models with an overall accuracy of 88.8%for the main flavors and 87%for the combined flavors.CONCLUSIONS:Five flavors are often characterized by the interaction of multiple classes of substances,and a single class of substances cannot be used to characterize flavors.The organic combination of multiple classes of substances is the material basis of the five flavors,both the main and combined flavors.Significant differences exist in the material basis of the main and combined flavors,suggesting that the“natural flavor”and“functional flavor”may have different material bases.展开更多
The ionosphere is an important component of the near Earth space environment.The three common methods for detecting the ionosphere with high frequency(HF)radio signals are vertical detection,oblique detection,and obli...The ionosphere is an important component of the near Earth space environment.The three common methods for detecting the ionosphere with high frequency(HF)radio signals are vertical detection,oblique detection,and oblique backscatter detection.The ionograms obtained by these detection methods can effectively reflect a large amount of effective information in the ionosphere.The focus of this article is on the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained by oblique backscatter detection.By extracting the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram,effective information in the ionosphere can be inverted.The key issue is how to accurately obtain the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram.In recent years,the application of pattern recognition has become increasingly widespread,and the YOLO model is one of the best fast object detection algorithms in one-stage.Therefore,the core idea of this article is to use the newer YOLOX object detection algorithm in the YOLO family to perform pattern recognition on the F and E_(s) layers echoes in the oblique backscatter ionogram.After image processing,a single-layer oblique backscatter echoes are obtained.It can be found that the leading edge extraction of the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained after pattern recognition and image processing by the YOLOX model is more fitting to the actual oblique backscatter leading edge.展开更多
Mêdog,located at the entrance of the water vapour channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon,and it has the highest rainfall and lowest elevation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The droplet size distribution(DSD)and m...Mêdog,located at the entrance of the water vapour channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon,and it has the highest rainfall and lowest elevation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The droplet size distribution(DSD)and microphysical processes associated with rainfall usually exhibit different characteristics under different synoptic patterns.In this study,an objective classification method is used to categorize the synoptic patterns that affect heavy rainfall(daily rainfall amounts>10 mm)in Mêdog into four patterns:southwest airflow(SWA),southern-branch trough(SBT),intense baroclinicity(IBC),and terrain-forced precipitation(TFP).SWA occurs most frequently(approximately 70%)with a mean daily rainfall of~22 mm,while TFP has the lowest occurrence frequency(7.7%)but the highest mean daily rainfall(29 mm).Both SBT and IBC exhibit occurrence frequencies around 12%.Among these patterns,the SWA pattern predominantly occurs during the monsoon season with abundant moisture and the lowest concentration of small raindrops.In contrast,the TFP pattern exhibits the highest concentration of large raindrops and the widest DSD spectrum,which can be attributed to the frequent convective activities in this area.As a result,compared with those of the other three synoptic patterns,the TFP pattern exhibits a larger mass-weighted mean diameter(D_(m))and higher rain rate(R).For stratiform rainfall,the difference in D_(m)among the four synoptic patterns can be neglected.The largest(smallest)average lgNW-value is observed in the SWA(IBC)pattern.Regarding convective rainfall,IBC dominated by northerly cold air exhibits mixed-phase processes characterized by larger raindrops and lower concentrations,resembling continental-like rainfall.In contrast,SWA occurring in monsoon season shows high concentrations of small raindrops,deeming it similar to maritime-like rainfall.In terms of the derived relationships,there are significant differences in the D_(m)-R andμ-Λrelationships among the four synoptic patterns.In addition,the diurnal variation in the DSD is analyzed in terms of the four synoptic patterns.These findings can improve the understanding of the microphysical processes of heavy rainfall events under different synoptic patterns and provide a reference for microphysical parameterizations of numerical models.展开更多
Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced b...Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.展开更多
The genetic regulation of hair density in animals remains poorly understood.The Dazu black goat,characterized by its black coarse hair and white skin,provides a unique model for dissecting coarse hair density(CHD).Usi...The genetic regulation of hair density in animals remains poorly understood.The Dazu black goat,characterized by its black coarse hair and white skin,provides a unique model for dissecting coarse hair density(CHD).Using high-resolution micro-camera imaging,this study analyzed 905 skin images,33 skin transcriptomes,272 whole-genome sequences,and 182 downloaded transcriptomes.Morphological assessment from juvenile to adult stages revealed the thickening of hair shafts accompanied by a progressive decline in density,largely attributable to rapid surface expansion of the trunk skin.Transcriptomic comparison between high-and low-CHD individuals identified 572 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A genome-wide association study detected 25 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms(P<9.07e-8)and mapped 48 annotated genes,with the most prominent association signal located near GJA1 on chr9.15931585-18621011.Literature review and Venn analysis highlighted six genes(GJA1,GPRC5D,CD1D,CD207,TFAM,and CXCL12)with documented roles in skin and hair biology,and three genes(GJA1,GPRC5D,and ATP6V1B1)overlapped with DEGs.Multiple-tissue transcriptomic profiling,western blotting,immunohistochemical staining,and skin single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that GJA1 and GPRC5D were highly and specifically expressed in skin,particularly within hair follicles.Expression was localized predominantly to follicular stem cells and dermal papilla cells,suggesting a significant role in folliculogenesis and structural maintenance.Cross-validation using four public datasets further demonstrated positive correlations between GJA1 and GPRC5D expression and hair follicle density.The innovative micro-camera application allowed the elucidation of spatiotemporal patterns and genes associated with CHD,thereby addressing a significant knowledge gap in animal hair density.展开更多
基金funded by the Yunnan Provincial Basic Research Joint Special Fund Project(2019FH001(-052))Cangshan Mountain Synthetic Scientific Expeditions Fund.
文摘The Hengduan Mountains,situated on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,are the longest and widest north-south-oriented mountain range in China,exerting a significant influence on the ecological and geographical pattern.Understanding the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of the Hengduan Mountains is fundamental and crucial for research in related fields such as ecology,geography,and sustainability.In this study,Digital Elevation Model(DEM)data were utilized to extract and analyze the topography and geomorphology(TG)pattern.TG maps have been developed to quantitatively classify the TG types in the Hengduan Mountains by combining the five factors of elevation,slope,aspect,relief and landform.The spatial distribution and quantitative characteristics of these factors were mapped and investigated using geographic information systems.The results revealed that:(1)The Hengduan Mountains exhibit an elongated north-south distribution,with an average elevation of approximately 3746 m,an average slope of around 25°,and an average relief of about 266 m.(2)The Hengduan Mountains display significant elevation differences,with an overall high elevation,characterized by a trend of lower elevation in the east and higher elevation in the west,as well as irregular orientations of various aspects.(3)The 19 landform types were identified,the landform types of the Hengduan Mountains are primarily composed of low-relief high-mountains(42.0618%),low-relief mid-mountains(22.4624%),and high-elevation hills(20.5839%).The results of the study can provide data and information support for the ecology,environmental protection and sustainable development of the Hengduan Mountains.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research project (No.2020B0301030004)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B1111360003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42105103)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2022A1515011554).
文摘Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
基金supported by the International Collaborative Research Program(fundamental research,2021-2023)funded by Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology(KICT).
文摘Rock fractures or faults could be reactivated by the thermal stress generated during the decay process of the high-level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories(DGRs).Understanding thermoshearing behavior and its influencing factors are important for the long-term performance assessment of DGRs.We designed multistage mechanical(M)shear tests and thermomechanical(TM)shear tests on three 100 mm-cubic granite specimens,each containing a single inclined sawcut fracture with distinct microroughness of 8-15μm.M test results have shown that the static friction coefficient of the granite fracture decreases in proportion to the increase in the logarithm of the loading rate within the range of 1-15 kPa/s.For the given heating and boundary conditions,thermal loading rate,i.e.,thermal stress increment with heating time,is measured to be around 1 kPa/s in the fractured granite.Thermoshearing can be well predicted by the linear Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope deduced from M shear tests employing a loading rate that is comparable with the thermal loading rate.The granite fractures exhibited two distinct slip patterns during the mechanical shearing,i.e.,stick-slip observed in the smooth fracture and stable sliding in the relatively rough surface.In contrast,the mechanical loading rate(1-15 kPa/s)investigated in this study appears to not influence the slip pattern.Unlike those in M shear tests,thermoshearing in both smooth and relatively rough fractures show stable sliding with a very slow peak velocity of around 0.002μm/s.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42471205)the General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(No.2024JYTYB12)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(No.23NDJC109YB)。
文摘In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21B2062).
文摘The isolated fracture-vug systems controlled by small-scale strike-slip faults within ultra-deep carbonate rocks of the Tarim Basin exhibit significant exploration potential.The study employs a novel training set incorporating innovative fault labels to train a U-Net-structured CNN model,enabling effective identification of small-scale strike-slip faults through seismic data interpretation.Based on the CNN faults,we analyze the distribution patterns of small-scale strike-slip faults.The small-scale strike-slip faults can be categorized into NNW-trending and NE-trending groups with strike lengths ranging 200–5000 m.The development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults in the Lower Yingshan Member notably exceeds that in the Upper Member.The Lower and Upper Yingshan members are two distinct mechanical layers with contrasting brittleness characteristics,separated by a low-brittleness layer.The superior brittleness of the Lower Yingshan Member enhances the development intensity of small-scale strike-slip faults compared to the upper member,while the low-brittleness layer exerts restrictive effects on vertical fault propagation.Fracture-vug systems formed by interactions of two or more small-scale strike-slip faults demonstrate larger sizes than those controlled by individual faults.All fracture-vug system sizes show positive correlations with the vertical extents of associated small-scale strike-slip faults,particularly intersection and approaching fracture-vug systems exhibit accelerated size increases proportional to the vertical extents.
基金the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(No.2023Q03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42476078,42306091)+2 种基金the National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(Nos.GASI-04-HYDZ-02,GASI-02-SCS-CJB01)the China-Malaysia Cooperation Project‘Effect on Variability of Seasonal Monsoon on Sedimentary Process in Peninsular Malaysia Waters’the China-Thailand Cooperation Project‘Research on Vulnerability of Coastal Zone’。
文摘The transport of suspended particulate matter is a crucial aspect of studies on sediment source-to-sink processes.However,research on its transport patterns in high-erosion areas of low-latitude seas remains limited.To elucidate modern land-sea interaction processes controlled by the monsoon climate,this study investigates the seasonal transport patterns and control mechanisms of suspended particulate matter in the western Sunda Shelf.Results reveal significant seasonal variations in the spatial distribution of suspended particulate matter concentrations,with elevated levels observed during autumn compared with spring.These differences are directly attributed to the East Asian monsoon,including seasonal monsoon precipitation and the associated transport dynamics.During the northeast monsoon,the Malay Peninsula serves as a primary source for the western sea area,with terrestrial materials from its rivers transported to the northern Gulf of Thailand.This transport pattern shifts to an S-shaped,clockwise circulation during upwelling events.Conversely,in the southwest monsoon,rivers in the northern Gulf of Thailand become the predominant sources for the Sunda Shelf,with terrestrial materials carried by clockwise currents toward the eastern Malay Peninsula.When upwelling occurs off the southern Indochina Peninsula,one branch heads toward the South China Sea and the other toward the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.The seasonal variation in material sources is further supported by the distribution of clay minerals and the discrimination results of rare earth element proxies,including(La/Sm)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCCand(La/Yb)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCC,in surface sediments from the Sunda Shelf and surrounding marine areas.
基金National Social Science Foundation Program,No.22VRC163National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42061043+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX24_1008Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.YCSW2024473。
文摘Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.
文摘Chaoshan drawnwork handkerchief design exhibits self-similarity and fractal characteristics due to their grid-based structure,overall symmetry,and the way local motifs reflect the whole pattern.To explore the potential of fractals in traditional textile design,a fractal-based generative framework was proposed for efficiently creating drawnwork patterns suitable for practical handicraft production.The research was initiated with an analysis of the structural composition of center,skeleton,and filler motifs extracted from a pattern sample library.Based on this hierarchical classification,the box-counting method was employed to calculate their respective fractal dimensions.Building on fractal art theory,generative algorithms,and studies on the application of Ultra Fractal,a Chaoshan drawnwork fractal design model was established.Using this model,51 drawnwork fractal patterns and 153 handkerchief patterns were generated.These patterns were subsequently applied in real-world production to validate the feasibility and value of fractal techniques in textile design.
文摘Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52268008)。
文摘This study focuses on urgent research on restoring and enhancing carbon storage capacity in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomer-ation of China,a key area in the‘Belt and Road’Initiative,which aligns with carbon peaking and neutrality goals.This research ana-lyzes the spatial characteristics of carbon metabolism from 2000 to 2020 and uses models to identify stable carbon sink areas,positive carbon flow corridors,and carbon sequestration nodes.The goal is to construct a carbon metabolism spatial security pattern(CMSSP)and propose territorial ecological restoration strategies under different development demand scenarios.The results show the following:1)in 2020,the study area’s carbon sink decreased by 8.29×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2010 and by 10.83×10^(4) t C/yr compared with that in 2000.High-carbon sinks were found mainly in mountainous areas,whereas low-carbon sinks are concentrated in urban con-struction land,rural residential areas,and land margins.2)From 2000 to 2020,the spatial security pattern of carbon metabolism tended to be‘high in the middle of the east and west and low in the gulf.’In 2000,2010,and 2020,16 stable carbon sinks were identified.The carbon energy flow density in Guangxi was greater than that in Guangdong and Hainan,with positive carbon flow corridors located primarily in Guangxi and Guangdong.The number of carbon sequestration nodes remained stable at approximately 15,mainly in Guangxi and Hainan.3)Scenario simulations revealed that under the Nature-based mild restoration scenario,the carbon sink rate will reach 611.85×10^(4) t C/yr by 2030 and increase to 612.45×10^(4) t C/yr by 2060,with stable carbon sinks increasing to 18.In the restora-tion scenario based on Anti-globalization,the carbon sink will decrease from 610.24×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 605.19×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with the disappearance of some positive carbon flow corridors and stable carbon sinks.Under the Human-based sustainable restoration scenario,the carbon sink area will decrease from 607.00×10^(4) t C/yr in 2030 to 596.39×10^(4) t C/yr in 2060,with carbon sink areas frag-menting and positive carbon flow corridors becoming less dense.4)On the basis of the current and predicted CMSSPs,this study ex-plores spatial ecological restoration strategies for high-carbon storage areas in bay urban agglomerations at four levels:the land control region,urban agglomeration structure system,carbon sink structure and bay structure control region.
基金Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(24&ZD148).
文摘China is one of the countries with the longest history in the world.The protection and development of historical and cultural resources is an issue worthy of attention in the fields of economic geography and urban-rural planning at the present stage.This study takes the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration,which is rich in historical and cultural heritage,as a specific case,analyzes the characteristics of the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of its historical and cultural resources.The results show that the distribution structure of historical and cultural element resources within the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration presents significant regional agglomeration and combination characteristics.In response to the analysis results,the study formulates an optimization strategy for the regional development pattern supported by the protection and development of historical and cultural resources,and initially proposes a matching spatial development pattern plan and policy recommendations for coordinated development.
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Reform Program,Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology.
文摘In contemporary China,some domestic films are deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture,contributing to more and more excellent film&TV programs,among which,the styling inspired by animal patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware has given strong vitality to the film&TV programs.This paper is intended to compile and understand the cultural value and artistic features of the patterns on Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware as well as its value in the traditional pattern application.It provides certain references regarding the role of film&TV styling in the inheritance and application of traditional patterns,if we analyze the cognition and status quo of the Late Shang Dynasty bronze ware patterns in the contemporary film&TV styling,and if we go deep into its artistic value and its application within such makeup design and identify the problems and laws in current design cases.Such analysis also provides a way of thinking for the application of traditional patterns in current film&TV costume design.
文摘In the production and life of ancient Chinese folk artists,through the abstract and geometric arrangement of things,they formed many meaningful patterns.These patterns are widely used in a variety of decorations,reflecting the most simple artistic ideas in the life of the working people,and are also an important embodiment of folk art aesthetics.Many elements of folk patterns have been preserved to this day,and they have an important role in inspiring and guiding today’s art design.This paper mainly analyzes the folk pattern elements and their artistic value,and elaborates on the application of folk pattern elements in architectural design and the specific design methods,to provide certain references for the combination of modern architectural design and traditional folk patterns.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003902)the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42075146 and 42275006).
文摘In July 2021,a catastrophic extreme precipitation(EP)event occurred in Henan Province,China,resulting in considerable human and economic losses.The synoptic pattern during this event is distinctive,characterized by the presence of two typhoons and substantial water transport into Henan.However,a favorable synoptic pattern only does not guarantee the occurrence of heavy precipitation in Henan.This study investigates the key environmental features critical for EP under similar synoptic patterns to the 2021 Henan extreme event.It is found that cold clouds are better aggregated on EP days,accompanied by beneficial environment features like enhanced moisture conditions,stronger updrafts,and greater atmospheric instability.The temporal evolution of these environmental features shows a leading signal by one to three days.These results suggest the importance of combining the synoptic pattern and environmental features in the forecasting of heavy precipitation events.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A2097,U2442210 and 42175042)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2024NSFTD0017)。
文摘The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation between the SCA pattern and SEP over the ESTP,with a correlation coefficient of-0.57.Moisture budget analysis showed that the dynamic component anomalies of both the zonal and vertical moisture advection induced by the SCA pattern play the dominant roles in extreme precipitation variability over the ESTP.These anomalies are solely linked to variations in zonal wind and vertical velocity.The anomalies of the SCA pattern propagate downstream through Rossby waves,leading to the formation of cyclonic circulations over northern East Asia and the Iranian Plateau.The westerlies on the southern side of these cyclonic circulations play a crucial role in influencing the development of significant anomalous westerlies over the ESTP.The anomalous westerlies bring climatologically moist air from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)to the ESTP,resulting in positive zonal moisture advection anomalies over the area.Furthermore,these anomalous westerlies transport climatologically warm air from the TP to the ESTP,leading to significant warm advection anomalies and vertical upward motion anomalies over the ESTP.The upward motion carries lower-tropospheric moisture upward,resulting in positive vertical moisture advection anomalies over the ESTP.The combination of these positive zonal and vertical moisture advection anomalies eventually leads to excessive SEP.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China:Research on the Identification of Cold-Hot Properties in Lamiaceae Herbs based on Infrared Spectroscopy Holistic Component Characteristic Markers(No.81673622)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation:Research on the Extraction and Identification of Holistic Compositional Characteristics of Warm-Hot Properties of Lamiaceae Herbs(No.1508085MH202)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education:Research on the Material Basis of Cold-Hot Properties of Lamiaceae Herbs based on Pattern Recognition and Energy Metabolism(No.2023AH050773)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the correlation between five flavors(Wuwei)and the chemical substances of Chinese herbal medicines in Lamiaceae and to establish five flavors identification models.METHODS:A total of 245 herbs belonging to the Lamiaceae family were selected from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 and Chinese Materia Medica.A database of the chemical substances of these herbs was constructed,with the chemical substances obtained from the professional literature and databases.A three-level classification system of the material components was established on the basis of the molecular structure and biosynthetic pathway of these substances.Apriori association rule analysis and feature selection were employed to obtain the material basis of the five flavors.A multiple logistic regression analysis method was employed to establish identification models for the five flavors.RESULTS:The association rule analysis revealed 34 high-value groups and 30 specific groups for the main flavors,and 39 high-value groups and 36 specific groups for the combined flavors.Sixteen groups of chemical components were the decisive groups for the main flavors,and 13 groups were the decisive groups for the combined flavors.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to successfully establish identification models with an overall accuracy of 88.8%for the main flavors and 87%for the combined flavors.CONCLUSIONS:Five flavors are often characterized by the interaction of multiple classes of substances,and a single class of substances cannot be used to characterize flavors.The organic combination of multiple classes of substances is the material basis of the five flavors,both the main and combined flavors.Significant differences exist in the material basis of the main and combined flavors,suggesting that the“natural flavor”and“functional flavor”may have different material bases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42104151,42074184,42188101,41727804)。
文摘The ionosphere is an important component of the near Earth space environment.The three common methods for detecting the ionosphere with high frequency(HF)radio signals are vertical detection,oblique detection,and oblique backscatter detection.The ionograms obtained by these detection methods can effectively reflect a large amount of effective information in the ionosphere.The focus of this article is on the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained by oblique backscatter detection.By extracting the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram,effective information in the ionosphere can be inverted.The key issue is how to accurately obtain the leading edge of the oblique backscatter ionogram.In recent years,the application of pattern recognition has become increasingly widespread,and the YOLO model is one of the best fast object detection algorithms in one-stage.Therefore,the core idea of this article is to use the newer YOLOX object detection algorithm in the YOLO family to perform pattern recognition on the F and E_(s) layers echoes in the oblique backscatter ionogram.After image processing,a single-layer oblique backscatter echoes are obtained.It can be found that the leading edge extraction of the oblique backscatter ionogram obtained after pattern recognition and image processing by the YOLOX model is more fitting to the actual oblique backscatter leading edge.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program,Grant No.2019QZKK0105Basic Research Fund of CAMS(2023Z009)Science and Technology Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023KJ041).
文摘Mêdog,located at the entrance of the water vapour channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon,and it has the highest rainfall and lowest elevation on the Tibetan Plateau(TP).The droplet size distribution(DSD)and microphysical processes associated with rainfall usually exhibit different characteristics under different synoptic patterns.In this study,an objective classification method is used to categorize the synoptic patterns that affect heavy rainfall(daily rainfall amounts>10 mm)in Mêdog into four patterns:southwest airflow(SWA),southern-branch trough(SBT),intense baroclinicity(IBC),and terrain-forced precipitation(TFP).SWA occurs most frequently(approximately 70%)with a mean daily rainfall of~22 mm,while TFP has the lowest occurrence frequency(7.7%)but the highest mean daily rainfall(29 mm).Both SBT and IBC exhibit occurrence frequencies around 12%.Among these patterns,the SWA pattern predominantly occurs during the monsoon season with abundant moisture and the lowest concentration of small raindrops.In contrast,the TFP pattern exhibits the highest concentration of large raindrops and the widest DSD spectrum,which can be attributed to the frequent convective activities in this area.As a result,compared with those of the other three synoptic patterns,the TFP pattern exhibits a larger mass-weighted mean diameter(D_(m))and higher rain rate(R).For stratiform rainfall,the difference in D_(m)among the four synoptic patterns can be neglected.The largest(smallest)average lgNW-value is observed in the SWA(IBC)pattern.Regarding convective rainfall,IBC dominated by northerly cold air exhibits mixed-phase processes characterized by larger raindrops and lower concentrations,resembling continental-like rainfall.In contrast,SWA occurring in monsoon season shows high concentrations of small raindrops,deeming it similar to maritime-like rainfall.In terms of the derived relationships,there are significant differences in the D_(m)-R andμ-Λrelationships among the four synoptic patterns.In addition,the diurnal variation in the DSD is analyzed in terms of the four synoptic patterns.These findings can improve the understanding of the microphysical processes of heavy rainfall events under different synoptic patterns and provide a reference for microphysical parameterizations of numerical models.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.
文摘Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300202)Collection,Utilization,and Innovation of Animal Resources by Research Institutes and Enterprises of Chongqing(Cqnyncw-kqlhtxm),Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CQMAITS202413)National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates(S202310635040)。
文摘The genetic regulation of hair density in animals remains poorly understood.The Dazu black goat,characterized by its black coarse hair and white skin,provides a unique model for dissecting coarse hair density(CHD).Using high-resolution micro-camera imaging,this study analyzed 905 skin images,33 skin transcriptomes,272 whole-genome sequences,and 182 downloaded transcriptomes.Morphological assessment from juvenile to adult stages revealed the thickening of hair shafts accompanied by a progressive decline in density,largely attributable to rapid surface expansion of the trunk skin.Transcriptomic comparison between high-and low-CHD individuals identified 572 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).A genome-wide association study detected 25 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms(P<9.07e-8)and mapped 48 annotated genes,with the most prominent association signal located near GJA1 on chr9.15931585-18621011.Literature review and Venn analysis highlighted six genes(GJA1,GPRC5D,CD1D,CD207,TFAM,and CXCL12)with documented roles in skin and hair biology,and three genes(GJA1,GPRC5D,and ATP6V1B1)overlapped with DEGs.Multiple-tissue transcriptomic profiling,western blotting,immunohistochemical staining,and skin single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that GJA1 and GPRC5D were highly and specifically expressed in skin,particularly within hair follicles.Expression was localized predominantly to follicular stem cells and dermal papilla cells,suggesting a significant role in folliculogenesis and structural maintenance.Cross-validation using four public datasets further demonstrated positive correlations between GJA1 and GPRC5D expression and hair follicle density.The innovative micro-camera application allowed the elucidation of spatiotemporal patterns and genes associated with CHD,thereby addressing a significant knowledge gap in animal hair density.
