One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly int...One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly into inclusive educational settings,thereby hindering their social adaptation and overall development.This study adopted a single-case design focusing on a first-grade student with autism enrolled in a mainstream class at Xiangxue Primary School,Huangpu District,Guangzhou.Functional behavior assessment was conducted to systematically observe and analyze the student’s repetitive motor behaviors in class,on the basis of which an intervention plan was developed and implemented.The intervention incorporated antecedent control,replacement behavior training,and consequence management,supplemented by collaboration between school and family.The findings indicated that the frequency of repetitive motor behaviors decreased significantly after the intervention,while the student demonstrated improved classroom participation and peer interaction;these positive effects were maintained during the follow-up phase.The study suggests that in inclusive education settings,interventions guided by functional behavior assessment can effectively reduce problem behaviors in children with autism and enhance their classroom engagement and learning adaptability.展开更多
Behavioral adjustment plays an important role in the treatment and relapse of drug addiction. Nonetheless,few studies have examined behavioral adjustment and its plasticity following error commission in methamphetamin...Behavioral adjustment plays an important role in the treatment and relapse of drug addiction. Nonetheless,few studies have examined behavioral adjustment and its plasticity following error commission in methamphetamine（METH） dependence, which is detrimental to human health. Thus, we investigated the behavioral adjustment performance following error commission in long-term METH addicts and how it varied with the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（DLPFC）. Twenty-nine male long-term METH addicts（for [ 3 years） were randomly assigned to high-frequency（10 Hz, n = 15） or sham（n = 14） r TMS of the left DLPFC during a two-choice oddball task. Twenty-six age-matched, healthy male adults participated in the two-choice oddball task pretest to establish normal performance for comparison. The results showed that 10 Hz r TMS over the left DLPFC significantly decreased the post-error slowing effect in response times of METH addicts. In addition, the 10 Hz r TMS intervention remarkably reduced the reaction times during post-error trials but not post-correct trials. While the 10 Hz r TMS group showed a more pronounced post-error slowing effect than the healthy participants during the pretest, the posterror slowing effect in the posttest of this sample was similar to that in the healthy participants. These results suggest that high-frequency r TMS over the left DLPFC is a useful protocol for the improvement of behavioral adjustment after error commission in long-term METH addicts.展开更多
Compacted layers of expansive soils are used in different engineering projects,such as subgrades,engineered clay barriers,and buffers for radioactive waste disposal.These layers are exposed to a variety of stresses an...Compacted layers of expansive soils are used in different engineering projects,such as subgrades,engineered clay barriers,and buffers for radioactive waste disposal.These layers are exposed to a variety of stresses and wetting conditions during field serviceability.Coupling between hydraulic and mechanical repeated loading provides insight understanding to the induced progressive deformation of expansive clay.This study was conducted to investigate the hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated compacted expansive clay under repeated loadingeunloading(RLU)conditions.Two series of onedimensional(1D)oedometer tests were conducted under controlled matric suction up to 1500 kPa using the axis translation technique(Fredlund soil-water characteristic curve device,SWC-150).The first test series was carried out at different levels of controlled matric suction for non-repeated loading eunloading(NRLU)cycles.RLU cycles were applied in the second test series at different repetitivestress levels and under different levels of matric suction.The results indicated increasing axial wetting strainε_(a)(s),axial swell pressure ss(s),compression index C_(c)(s),and swell index C_(s)(s)with suction reduction.The estimated loadecollapse(LC)curves obtained from NRLU series(LCN)and RLU series(LCR)indicated increasing yield stress sy(s)with increasing suction.This is attributed to the developed apparent cohesion between soil particles,which in turn rigidifies the material response.Applying repetitive loading induced a notable reduction of compression index C_(c)(s)at the same level of suction,whereas swell index C_(s)(s)seems to be independent of repetitive loading.Finally,repetitive loading exceeding initial yield stresses results in plastic hardening and,hence,enlargement of yield stress locus(i.e.LCR curve).展开更多
Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on cognitive function in alcohol-dependent patients.Methods Data from 285 alcohol-dependent pa...Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on cognitive function in alcohol-dependent patients.Methods Data from 285 alcohol-dependent patients were collected from Mudanjiang Medical University and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University between 2019 and 2021.The patients were divided into groups depending on alcohol abstinence and non-abstinence.There were 43 patients in the alcohol consumption(AC)group.The patients in the abstinence group were randomly assigned to treatment regimens with different combinations of rTMS and CBT using the Elton system.There were 49 patients in the TB+C0 group,36 in the TB+C1 group,44 in the TL+C0 group,36 in the TL+C1 group,37 in the TR+C0 group,and 40 in the TR+C1 group.Cognitive function was assessed by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).Results The proportion of patients with cognitive impairment in the AC group at 24 weeks was higher than that at baseline(P<0.05),whereas the proportion of cognitive impairment in the other groups did not differ significantly over time.The percentage of patients with cognitive impairment at 24 weeks was 52.3%in the TL+C0 group and 47.2%in the TL+C1 group,which was significantly lower than that in the AC group(P<0.05).MoCA scores at different time points in the AC group were significantly higher than those in the TB+C0,TL+C0,TL+C1,TR+C0,and TR+C1 groups,respectively.MoCA scores were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the TB+C0,TL+C0,TL+C1,TR+C0,and TR+C1 groups(P<0.05),and similar changes were observed at 24 weeks.The MoCA scores in the TL+C1 and TL+C0 groups were higher than those in the TR+C0 group at 12 weeks after the intervention(P<0.05).Furthermore,MoCA scores in each of the TB+C1,TL+C1,TL+C0,TR+C1,and TR+C0 groups were higher than those in the AC group at 24 weeks(P<0.05).Conclusion Alcohol consumption impairs cognitive function,as evidenced by a significantly higher proportion of cognitive impairment after 24 weeks of non-abstinence.Most of the tested treatment regimens improved cognitive function.High frequency rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)was associated with a greater improvement in cognitive function than that of the right DLPFC in alcohol-dependent patients at 12 weeks of abstinence.There does not appear to be a therapeutic advantage of CBT for cognitive impairment in alcohol-dependent patients.Screening for impaired cognitive function should be seriously considered for patients who engage in heavy drinking,and measures should be taken to reduce the risk of dementia induced by alcohol dependence.展开更多
Grooming,as an evolutionarily conserved repetitive behavior,is common in various animals,including humans,and serves essential functions including,but not limited to,hygiene maintenance,thermoregulation,de-arousal,str...Grooming,as an evolutionarily conserved repetitive behavior,is common in various animals,including humans,and serves essential functions including,but not limited to,hygiene maintenance,thermoregulation,de-arousal,stress reduction,and social behaviors.In rodents,grooming involves a patterned and sequenced structure,known as the syntactic chain with four phases that comprise repeated stereotyped movements happening in a cephalocaudal progression style,beginning from the nose to the face,to the head,and finally ending with body licking.The context-dependent occurrence of grooming behavior indicates its adaptive significance.This review briefly summarizes the neural substrates responsible for rodent grooming behavior and explores its relevance in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with aberrant grooming phenotypes.We further emphasize the utility of rodent grooming as a reliable measure of repetitive behavior in neuropsychiatric models,holding promise for translational psychiatry.Herein,we mainly focus on rodent self-grooming.Allogrooming(grooming being applied on one animal by its conspecifics via licking or carefully nibbling)and heterogrooming(a form of grooming behavior directing towards another animal,which occurs in other contexts,such as maternal,sexual,aggressive,or social behaviors)are not covered due to space constraints.展开更多
Consuming a high-fat diet(HFD)is widely recognized to cause obesity and result in chronic brain inflammation that impairs cognitive function.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has shown effectiveness in...Consuming a high-fat diet(HFD)is widely recognized to cause obesity and result in chronic brain inflammation that impairs cognitive function.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has shown effectiveness in both weight loss and cognitive improvement,although the exact mechanism is still unknown.Our study examined the effects of rTMS on the brain and intestinal microecological dysfunction.rTMS successfully reduced cognitive decline caused by an HFD in behavioral assessments involving the Y maze and novel object recognition.This was accompanied by an increase in the number of new neurons and the transcription level of genes related to synaptic plasticity(spindlin 1,synaptophysin,and postsynaptic protein-95)in the hippocampus.It was reached that rTMS decreased the release of high mobility group box 1,activation of microglia,and inflammation in the brains of HFD rats.rTMS also reduced hypothalamic hypocretin levels and improved peripheral blood lipid metabolism.In addition,rTMS recovered the HFD-induced gut microbiome imbalances,metabolic disorders,and,in particular,reduced levels of the microvirus.Our research emphasized that rTMS enhanced cognitive abilities,resulting in positive impacts on brain inflammation,neurodegeneration,and the microbiota in the gut,indicating the potential connection between the brain and gut,proposing that rTMS could be a new approach to addressing cognitive deficits linked to obesity.展开更多
To observe therapcutic results of acupuncture combining with behavior medicine therapy in treating repetitive strain injury(RS1).150 patients were randomly divided into two groups with 90 cases in the treatment group ...To observe therapcutic results of acupuncture combining with behavior medicine therapy in treating repetitive strain injury(RS1).150 patients were randomly divided into two groups with 90 cases in the treatment group and 60 cases in the control group.Statistic analysis and comprehensive therapeutic evaluation were given on pain severity.functional condition,course of treatment and recurrent rate before and after treatment.The differences were significant in course of treatment and the recurrent rate in the two groups(P<0.01).Acupuncture combining with behavior medicine therapy was effective in treating RSI and adjusting bad behavior habits.展开更多
目的:研究酒依赖的戒断行为与自律行为的关系,基于重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)技术治疗依从性的调节作用,以期为酒依赖治疗探索新的治疗思路。方法:回顾...目的:研究酒依赖的戒断行为与自律行为的关系,基于重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)技术治疗依从性的调节作用,以期为酒依赖治疗探索新的治疗思路。方法:回顾性选取2022年1月至2023年3月医院治疗的108例酒依赖患者作为研究对象,通过量表调查、病历资料等收集年龄、性别、婚姻状态、职业等基础信息,同时应用临床酒精戒断状态评定量表(clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol-alcohol withdrawal scale,CIWA-Ar)、自我控制量表(self-control scale,SCS)、自知力与治疗态度问卷相关成熟量表(insight and treatment attitudes questionnaires,ITAQ)收集戒断行为、自律行为、TMS-EEG技术治疗依从性的相关评分。结果:干预后,ITAQ评分上升,SCS评分、CIWA-Ar评分下降,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。CIWA-Ar评分与SCS评分为正相关关系,与ITAQ评分为负相关关系,而SCS与ITAQ评分为负相关关系,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。基于TMS-EEG技术治疗依从性可在自律行为对戒断行为的影响关系中起到调节作用。结论:基于TMS-EEG技术治疗依从性可调节酒依赖者自律行为与戒断行为的关系,值得临床应用和推广。展开更多
文摘One of the core challenges faced by children with autism is repetitive motor behavior,which not only undermines their learning efficiency in the classroom but also makes it difficult for them to integrate smoothly into inclusive educational settings,thereby hindering their social adaptation and overall development.This study adopted a single-case design focusing on a first-grade student with autism enrolled in a mainstream class at Xiangxue Primary School,Huangpu District,Guangzhou.Functional behavior assessment was conducted to systematically observe and analyze the student’s repetitive motor behaviors in class,on the basis of which an intervention plan was developed and implemented.The intervention incorporated antecedent control,replacement behavior training,and consequence management,supplemented by collaboration between school and family.The findings indicated that the frequency of repetitive motor behaviors decreased significantly after the intervention,while the student demonstrated improved classroom participation and peer interaction;these positive effects were maintained during the follow-up phase.The study suggests that in inclusive education settings,interventions guided by functional behavior assessment can effectively reduce problem behaviors in children with autism and enhance their classroom engagement and learning adaptability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371042, 31400906 and 31600886)the Key Program of the Higher Education Institutions of Henan Province, China (17AJ90002)
文摘Behavioral adjustment plays an important role in the treatment and relapse of drug addiction. Nonetheless,few studies have examined behavioral adjustment and its plasticity following error commission in methamphetamine（METH） dependence, which is detrimental to human health. Thus, we investigated the behavioral adjustment performance following error commission in long-term METH addicts and how it varied with the application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex（DLPFC）. Twenty-nine male long-term METH addicts（for [ 3 years） were randomly assigned to high-frequency（10 Hz, n = 15） or sham（n = 14） r TMS of the left DLPFC during a two-choice oddball task. Twenty-six age-matched, healthy male adults participated in the two-choice oddball task pretest to establish normal performance for comparison. The results showed that 10 Hz r TMS over the left DLPFC significantly decreased the post-error slowing effect in response times of METH addicts. In addition, the 10 Hz r TMS intervention remarkably reduced the reaction times during post-error trials but not post-correct trials. While the 10 Hz r TMS group showed a more pronounced post-error slowing effect than the healthy participants during the pretest, the posterror slowing effect in the posttest of this sample was similar to that in the healthy participants. These results suggest that high-frequency r TMS over the left DLPFC is a useful protocol for the improvement of behavioral adjustment after error commission in long-term METH addicts.
文摘Compacted layers of expansive soils are used in different engineering projects,such as subgrades,engineered clay barriers,and buffers for radioactive waste disposal.These layers are exposed to a variety of stresses and wetting conditions during field serviceability.Coupling between hydraulic and mechanical repeated loading provides insight understanding to the induced progressive deformation of expansive clay.This study was conducted to investigate the hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated compacted expansive clay under repeated loadingeunloading(RLU)conditions.Two series of onedimensional(1D)oedometer tests were conducted under controlled matric suction up to 1500 kPa using the axis translation technique(Fredlund soil-water characteristic curve device,SWC-150).The first test series was carried out at different levels of controlled matric suction for non-repeated loading eunloading(NRLU)cycles.RLU cycles were applied in the second test series at different repetitivestress levels and under different levels of matric suction.The results indicated increasing axial wetting strainε_(a)(s),axial swell pressure ss(s),compression index C_(c)(s),and swell index C_(s)(s)with suction reduction.The estimated loadecollapse(LC)curves obtained from NRLU series(LCN)and RLU series(LCR)indicated increasing yield stress sy(s)with increasing suction.This is attributed to the developed apparent cohesion between soil particles,which in turn rigidifies the material response.Applying repetitive loading induced a notable reduction of compression index C_(c)(s)at the same level of suction,whereas swell index C_(s)(s)seems to be independent of repetitive loading.Finally,repetitive loading exceeding initial yield stresses results in plastic hardening and,hence,enlargement of yield stress locus(i.e.LCR curve).
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFC1314400)Key R&D plan of Heilongjiang Province(GA21C010)。
文摘Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)and cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on cognitive function in alcohol-dependent patients.Methods Data from 285 alcohol-dependent patients were collected from Mudanjiang Medical University and Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University between 2019 and 2021.The patients were divided into groups depending on alcohol abstinence and non-abstinence.There were 43 patients in the alcohol consumption(AC)group.The patients in the abstinence group were randomly assigned to treatment regimens with different combinations of rTMS and CBT using the Elton system.There were 49 patients in the TB+C0 group,36 in the TB+C1 group,44 in the TL+C0 group,36 in the TL+C1 group,37 in the TR+C0 group,and 40 in the TR+C1 group.Cognitive function was assessed by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA).Results The proportion of patients with cognitive impairment in the AC group at 24 weeks was higher than that at baseline(P<0.05),whereas the proportion of cognitive impairment in the other groups did not differ significantly over time.The percentage of patients with cognitive impairment at 24 weeks was 52.3%in the TL+C0 group and 47.2%in the TL+C1 group,which was significantly lower than that in the AC group(P<0.05).MoCA scores at different time points in the AC group were significantly higher than those in the TB+C0,TL+C0,TL+C1,TR+C0,and TR+C1 groups,respectively.MoCA scores were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the TB+C0,TL+C0,TL+C1,TR+C0,and TR+C1 groups(P<0.05),and similar changes were observed at 24 weeks.The MoCA scores in the TL+C1 and TL+C0 groups were higher than those in the TR+C0 group at 12 weeks after the intervention(P<0.05).Furthermore,MoCA scores in each of the TB+C1,TL+C1,TL+C0,TR+C1,and TR+C0 groups were higher than those in the AC group at 24 weeks(P<0.05).Conclusion Alcohol consumption impairs cognitive function,as evidenced by a significantly higher proportion of cognitive impairment after 24 weeks of non-abstinence.Most of the tested treatment regimens improved cognitive function.High frequency rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC)was associated with a greater improvement in cognitive function than that of the right DLPFC in alcohol-dependent patients at 12 weeks of abstinence.There does not appear to be a therapeutic advantage of CBT for cognitive impairment in alcohol-dependent patients.Screening for impaired cognitive function should be seriously considered for patients who engage in heavy drinking,and measures should be taken to reduce the risk of dementia induced by alcohol dependence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371515)the Talent Initiation BaiRen Plan Start-up Funds(No.E251F811)the State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents(No.IPM2301),China.
文摘Grooming,as an evolutionarily conserved repetitive behavior,is common in various animals,including humans,and serves essential functions including,but not limited to,hygiene maintenance,thermoregulation,de-arousal,stress reduction,and social behaviors.In rodents,grooming involves a patterned and sequenced structure,known as the syntactic chain with four phases that comprise repeated stereotyped movements happening in a cephalocaudal progression style,beginning from the nose to the face,to the head,and finally ending with body licking.The context-dependent occurrence of grooming behavior indicates its adaptive significance.This review briefly summarizes the neural substrates responsible for rodent grooming behavior and explores its relevance in rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases with aberrant grooming phenotypes.We further emphasize the utility of rodent grooming as a reliable measure of repetitive behavior in neuropsychiatric models,holding promise for translational psychiatry.Herein,we mainly focus on rodent self-grooming.Allogrooming(grooming being applied on one animal by its conspecifics via licking or carefully nibbling)and heterogrooming(a form of grooming behavior directing towards another animal,which occurs in other contexts,such as maternal,sexual,aggressive,or social behaviors)are not covered due to space constraints.
基金support of funds from the National Natural Science Foundation(82271561)the Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(2022RC024).
文摘Consuming a high-fat diet(HFD)is widely recognized to cause obesity and result in chronic brain inflammation that impairs cognitive function.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has shown effectiveness in both weight loss and cognitive improvement,although the exact mechanism is still unknown.Our study examined the effects of rTMS on the brain and intestinal microecological dysfunction.rTMS successfully reduced cognitive decline caused by an HFD in behavioral assessments involving the Y maze and novel object recognition.This was accompanied by an increase in the number of new neurons and the transcription level of genes related to synaptic plasticity(spindlin 1,synaptophysin,and postsynaptic protein-95)in the hippocampus.It was reached that rTMS decreased the release of high mobility group box 1,activation of microglia,and inflammation in the brains of HFD rats.rTMS also reduced hypothalamic hypocretin levels and improved peripheral blood lipid metabolism.In addition,rTMS recovered the HFD-induced gut microbiome imbalances,metabolic disorders,and,in particular,reduced levels of the microvirus.Our research emphasized that rTMS enhanced cognitive abilities,resulting in positive impacts on brain inflammation,neurodegeneration,and the microbiota in the gut,indicating the potential connection between the brain and gut,proposing that rTMS could be a new approach to addressing cognitive deficits linked to obesity.
文摘To observe therapcutic results of acupuncture combining with behavior medicine therapy in treating repetitive strain injury(RS1).150 patients were randomly divided into two groups with 90 cases in the treatment group and 60 cases in the control group.Statistic analysis and comprehensive therapeutic evaluation were given on pain severity.functional condition,course of treatment and recurrent rate before and after treatment.The differences were significant in course of treatment and the recurrent rate in the two groups(P<0.01).Acupuncture combining with behavior medicine therapy was effective in treating RSI and adjusting bad behavior habits.
文摘目的:研究酒依赖的戒断行为与自律行为的关系,基于重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,rTMS)联合脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)技术治疗依从性的调节作用,以期为酒依赖治疗探索新的治疗思路。方法:回顾性选取2022年1月至2023年3月医院治疗的108例酒依赖患者作为研究对象,通过量表调查、病历资料等收集年龄、性别、婚姻状态、职业等基础信息,同时应用临床酒精戒断状态评定量表(clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol-alcohol withdrawal scale,CIWA-Ar)、自我控制量表(self-control scale,SCS)、自知力与治疗态度问卷相关成熟量表(insight and treatment attitudes questionnaires,ITAQ)收集戒断行为、自律行为、TMS-EEG技术治疗依从性的相关评分。结果:干预后,ITAQ评分上升,SCS评分、CIWA-Ar评分下降,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。CIWA-Ar评分与SCS评分为正相关关系,与ITAQ评分为负相关关系,而SCS与ITAQ评分为负相关关系,差异均具有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。基于TMS-EEG技术治疗依从性可在自律行为对戒断行为的影响关系中起到调节作用。结论:基于TMS-EEG技术治疗依从性可调节酒依赖者自律行为与戒断行为的关系,值得临床应用和推广。
