Virtual community resilience testbeds enable community-level inferences,convergence research,and serve as decision-making aids.Testbeds are critical for the verification and validation of emerging computational models...Virtual community resilience testbeds enable community-level inferences,convergence research,and serve as decision-making aids.Testbeds are critical for the verification and validation of emerging computational models and quantitative assessment frameworks of community-level disaster impacts,disruption,and recovery processes.This paper illuminates the significance of establishing a standardized approach for developing virtual community resilience testbeds and proposes a systematic schema for this purpose.The workflow facilitates testbed develop-ment by defining a series of steps,starting with specifying the testbed simulation scope.Arguing hazard and community modules are the principal components of a testbed,we present a generic structure for testbeds and introduce minimum requirements for initiating each module.The workflow dissects the testbed’s architecture and different attributes of the components beneath these modules.The proposed steps outline existing relevant tools and resources for creating the building,infrastructure,population,organization,and governance inventories.The paper discusses challenges testbed developers may encounter in procuring,cleaning,and merging required data and offers the initiatives and potential remedies,developed either by the authors or other researchers,to address these issues.The workflow concludes by describing how the testbed will be verified,visualized,published,and reused.The paper demonstrates the application of the proposed workflow by developing a testbed based on On-slow County,North Carolina using publicly available data.To foster sharing and reusing of developed testbeds by other researchers,all supporting documents,metadata,template algorithms,computer codes,and inventories of the Onslow Testbed are available at the DesignSafe-CI.The procedure proposed here can be used by other researchers to guide and standardize testbed development processes,and open access to virtual testbeds to the broader research community.展开更多
In combined electric and heat systems,selecting a suitable testbed for power flow analysis or economic dispatch is not easy:a large number of existing testbeds are not opensource,while others are difficult to be reuse...In combined electric and heat systems,selecting a suitable testbed for power flow analysis or economic dispatch is not easy:a large number of existing testbeds are not opensource,while others are difficult to be reused by other researchers due to the particularity of system scale,topology,and data.In this paper,we present three open-source testbeds with different scales based on practical combined electric and heat systems.To satisfy researchers"specific demands on the system topology and data,we also discuss how to modify testbeds based on existing topologies and data.Researchers can use the testbeds presented in this paper to test their innovative methods for power flow analysis and economic dispatch,and can also design their own testbeds based on the methodology in this paper,using published topologies and data.展开更多
There has been a large increase in the number of days per year with numerous EF1-EF5 tornadoes.Given the significant damage incurred by tornadoes upon communities,community resilience analyses for tornado-stricken com...There has been a large increase in the number of days per year with numerous EF1-EF5 tornadoes.Given the significant damage incurred by tornadoes upon communities,community resilience analyses for tornado-stricken communities have been gaining momentum.As the community resilience analysis aims to guide how to lay out effective hazard mitigation strategies to decrease damage and improve recovery,a comprehensive and accurate approach is necessary.Agent-based modeling,an analysis approach in which different types of agents are created with their properties and behavior clearly defined to simulate the processes of those agents in an external environ-ment,is the most comprehensive and accurate approach so far to conducting community resilience simulations and investigating the decision-making for mitigation and recovery under natural hazards.In this paper,agent-based models(ABMs)are created to simulate the recovery process of a virtual testbed based on the real-world community in Joplin City,MO.The tornado path associated with the real-world tornado event that occurred in May 2011 is adopted in the tornado hazard modeling for the Joplin testbed.In addition,agent-based models are created for another virtual community in the Midwest United States named Centerville using an assumed tornado scenario of the same EF-scale as that in Joplin.The effects of hazard mitigation strategies on the two communities are also explored.A comparison between the analysis results of these two testbeds can indicate the influence of the characteristics of a tornado-prone community on the resilience of the community as well as on the effects of hazard mitigation strategies.It is observed that a community’s level of development significantly impacts the tornado resilience.In addition,the effects of a specific type of hazard mitigation strategy on the recovery process are contingent upon testbed characteristics.展开更多
提出采用LDRA(Liverpool Data Research Associates Ltd.)TESTBED测试工具辅助完成高可靠性的军用软件测试工作,并通过测试实例阐述了该工具在航天软件测试中的应用方案。结果证明,合理使用该工具,能够有效避免人为失误,提高软件测试的...提出采用LDRA(Liverpool Data Research Associates Ltd.)TESTBED测试工具辅助完成高可靠性的军用软件测试工作,并通过测试实例阐述了该工具在航天软件测试中的应用方案。结果证明,合理使用该工具,能够有效避免人为失误,提高软件测试的效率和信息采集的准确度。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.CMMI 1847373supported by the Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning,a NIST-funded Center of Excellence.The Center is funded through a cooperative agreement between the US National Institute of Standards and Technology and Colorado State Uni-versity(Grant No.70NANB20H008)the responsi-bility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Science Foundation or the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
文摘Virtual community resilience testbeds enable community-level inferences,convergence research,and serve as decision-making aids.Testbeds are critical for the verification and validation of emerging computational models and quantitative assessment frameworks of community-level disaster impacts,disruption,and recovery processes.This paper illuminates the significance of establishing a standardized approach for developing virtual community resilience testbeds and proposes a systematic schema for this purpose.The workflow facilitates testbed develop-ment by defining a series of steps,starting with specifying the testbed simulation scope.Arguing hazard and community modules are the principal components of a testbed,we present a generic structure for testbeds and introduce minimum requirements for initiating each module.The workflow dissects the testbed’s architecture and different attributes of the components beneath these modules.The proposed steps outline existing relevant tools and resources for creating the building,infrastructure,population,organization,and governance inventories.The paper discusses challenges testbed developers may encounter in procuring,cleaning,and merging required data and offers the initiatives and potential remedies,developed either by the authors or other researchers,to address these issues.The workflow concludes by describing how the testbed will be verified,visualized,published,and reused.The paper demonstrates the application of the proposed workflow by developing a testbed based on On-slow County,North Carolina using publicly available data.To foster sharing and reusing of developed testbeds by other researchers,all supporting documents,metadata,template algorithms,computer codes,and inventories of the Onslow Testbed are available at the DesignSafe-CI.The procedure proposed here can be used by other researchers to guide and standardize testbed development processes,and open access to virtual testbeds to the broader research community.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(51537006 and 52007123).
文摘In combined electric and heat systems,selecting a suitable testbed for power flow analysis or economic dispatch is not easy:a large number of existing testbeds are not opensource,while others are difficult to be reused by other researchers due to the particularity of system scale,topology,and data.In this paper,we present three open-source testbeds with different scales based on practical combined electric and heat systems.To satisfy researchers"specific demands on the system topology and data,we also discuss how to modify testbeds based on existing topologies and data.Researchers can use the testbeds presented in this paper to test their innovative methods for power flow analysis and economic dispatch,and can also design their own testbeds based on the methodology in this paper,using published topologies and data.
基金Financial support for this work was provided by the US Department of Commerce,the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)under the Financial Assistance Award Number#70NANB20H008the US National Science Foundation(NSF)under Award Number 2052930.
文摘There has been a large increase in the number of days per year with numerous EF1-EF5 tornadoes.Given the significant damage incurred by tornadoes upon communities,community resilience analyses for tornado-stricken communities have been gaining momentum.As the community resilience analysis aims to guide how to lay out effective hazard mitigation strategies to decrease damage and improve recovery,a comprehensive and accurate approach is necessary.Agent-based modeling,an analysis approach in which different types of agents are created with their properties and behavior clearly defined to simulate the processes of those agents in an external environ-ment,is the most comprehensive and accurate approach so far to conducting community resilience simulations and investigating the decision-making for mitigation and recovery under natural hazards.In this paper,agent-based models(ABMs)are created to simulate the recovery process of a virtual testbed based on the real-world community in Joplin City,MO.The tornado path associated with the real-world tornado event that occurred in May 2011 is adopted in the tornado hazard modeling for the Joplin testbed.In addition,agent-based models are created for another virtual community in the Midwest United States named Centerville using an assumed tornado scenario of the same EF-scale as that in Joplin.The effects of hazard mitigation strategies on the two communities are also explored.A comparison between the analysis results of these two testbeds can indicate the influence of the characteristics of a tornado-prone community on the resilience of the community as well as on the effects of hazard mitigation strategies.It is observed that a community’s level of development significantly impacts the tornado resilience.In addition,the effects of a specific type of hazard mitigation strategy on the recovery process are contingent upon testbed characteristics.
