黄籽油菜因菜油的外观、品质好等优势深受消费者欢迎,但后代性状分离不稳定,严重影响其大面积应用。为解析黄籽油菜性状分离不稳定的内在原因,探寻黄籽油菜中黄色籽粒和黑色籽粒之间内在生理机制存在的差异,以甘蓝型黄籽油菜(CK)为材料...黄籽油菜因菜油的外观、品质好等优势深受消费者欢迎,但后代性状分离不稳定,严重影响其大面积应用。为解析黄籽油菜性状分离不稳定的内在原因,探寻黄籽油菜中黄色籽粒和黑色籽粒之间内在生理机制存在的差异,以甘蓝型黄籽油菜(CK)为材料,对其分离后代中的黄色(Y)、黑色(B)籽粒植株的农艺性状、生理生化指标、种皮颜色相关基因等之间的表达差异开展了研究。结果表明:分离后代中,Y的根茎粗和株高均优于CK和B,B的株高分别与CK、Y呈显著差异,B的根茎粗与Y呈显著差异。Y的病害指数为1.97,CK和B的病害指数分别为2.55,3.33,表明Y在抗病性方面优于CK和B。在9—10叶期Y叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量最低,花期Y和CK花中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性持续上升,表明黄籽油菜抗逆能力较强。7—8叶期和9—10叶期B和Y中TT18、TT8基因的表达量均高于CK,终花期B和Y中TT18基因的表达量显著低于CK。授粉后28 d Y种子中MYB47基因的表达量最高,分别为CK的5.56倍和B的5.79倍。TT8基因在授粉后21 d的Y中表达量最高,分别为CK和B的3.30,2.29倍。黄籽油菜在含油量、抗逆等方面均有明显优势,因而大力发展黄籽油菜可为提高菜油供应量,解决我国食用油安全提供新思路。展开更多
Peanut is a globally significant oil crop and economic resource,notable for its kernel containing over 50%oil content.White testa peanuts are highly valued for their superior nutritional profile,minimal pigmentation,a...Peanut is a globally significant oil crop and economic resource,notable for its kernel containing over 50%oil content.White testa peanuts are highly valued for their superior nutritional profile,minimal pigmentation,and superior oil clarity.Identification of genes controlling white testa color is crucial for advancing breeding programs and understanding the genetic mechanisms involved.A genetic mapping study was performed in peanut to identify genes controlling white testa color,a trait associated with desirable end-use quality traits in this oilseed crop.In an F_(2)population generated from a cross of a white-testa with a pink-testa cultivar,two recessive quantitative-trait loci controlling white testa were identified and finemapped to A02 and B02 chromosomes.Two homologous genes,Arahy.MP3D3D and Arahy.26781N,encoding bHLH transcriptional factors,were identified as candidates for the two loci.Reduced expression of these two genes likely suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to promote color wheat industrialization and meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, making both natural and safe food possible. [Method] Hardness indices of wheat were measured and laye...[Objective] The aim was to promote color wheat industrialization and meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, making both natural and safe food possible. [Method] Hardness indices of wheat were measured and layering peeling and milling technology was adopted to explore nutrients distribution in color wheat and effect of hardness on milling of wheat layers. [Result] The results indicated that total content of amino acid in color wheat was higher than that of common wheat by 13.91%-23.32%; Zhongpu Black 1 and Zhongpu Green 1 exceeded common wheat in Zn, Fe and Ca, but Zhongpu Purple 1 was generally lower; Zhongpu Green 1 was significantly higher in Fe and Ca by 371.80% and 102.86%, respectively. Mean- while, it was found that nutrients distribution of color wheat was similar to that of common ,one, namely, pericarp, testa, aleurone layer and embryo were abundant with nutrients. In addition, color wheat was concluded nutritious one and milling in- dustrialization of wheat layers could be achieved through layer-milling and separation technology. Furthermore, wheat hardness was proved the key element influencing milling of wheat layers. [Conclusion] The research set an example for nutrition development and utilization of color wheat.展开更多
The seed coat is important for embryo protection,seed hydration,and dispersal.Seed coat composition is also of interest to the agricultural sector,since it impacts the nutritional value for humans and livestock alike....The seed coat is important for embryo protection,seed hydration,and dispersal.Seed coat composition is also of interest to the agricultural sector,since it impacts the nutritional value for humans and livestock alike.Although some seed coat genes have been identified,the developmental pathways controlling seed coat development are not completely elucidated,and a global genetic program associated with seed coat development has not been reported.This study uses a combination of genetic and genomic approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana to begin to address these knowledge gaps.Seed coat development is a complex process whereby the integuments of the ovule differentiate into specialized cell types.In Arabidopsis,the outermost layer of cells secretes mucilage into the apoplast and develops a secondary cell wall known as a columella.The layer beneath the epidermis,the palisade,synthesizes a secondary cell wall on its inner tangential side.The innermost layer(the pigmented layer or endothelium)produces proanthocyanidins that condense into tannins and oxidize,giving a brown color to mature seeds.Genetic separation of these cell layers was achieved using the ap2-7 and tt16-1 mutants,where the epidermis/palisade and the endothelium do not develop respectively.This genetic ablation was exploited to examine the developmental programs of these cell types by isolating and collecting seed coats at key tran-sitions during development and performing global gene expression analysis.The data indicate that the developmental programs of the epidermis and the pigmented layer proceed relatively independently.Global expression datasets that can be used for identification of new gene candidates for seed coat development were generated.These dataset provide a comprehensive expression profile for developing seed coats in Arabidopsis,and should provide a useful resource and reference for other seed systems.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various presowing treatments on the germinability(final germination percentage)and germination rate of loquat seeds in order to increase seedling production ...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various presowing treatments on the germinability(final germination percentage)and germination rate of loquat seeds in order to increase seedling production in nurseries(applied research)as well as provide answers for important physiological issues related to loquat seeds and their seed coat(basic research).Three experiments were carried out with various pre-sowing treatments.These treatments included full or partial removal of seed coat(perisperm),partial cutting of cotyledons as well as moist chilling at 5℃ for 13 days and/or soaking the seeds in water or 250 ppm gibberellic acid(GA_(3))solution for 24 h.According to the results,cotyledons excision resulted in delayed germination,regardless of the presence or absence of the seed coat in comparison with the decoated seeds that demonstrated the highest germination rate amongst them.In addition,even the partial excision of seed coats affected positively both the germinability and the germination rate,compared to the control-intact seeds.Furthermore,control-intact seeds had a higher germination percentage when exposed to moist chilling independently of the application or not of gibberellin;while the combination of gibberellin application and moist chilling improved both the percentage and the rate of germination of decoated seeds.In conclusion,the role of perisperm(seed coat)in the germination procedure of loquat seeds seems to be important,indicating the existence of seed coat-imposed dormancy on loquat seeds.Finally,the existence of a mild endogenous embryo-dormancy on loquat is also discussed.展开更多
There was an obvious relationship between seed testa structure, storage material and resistance to A. flavus of peanut. Results showed that seed testa of peanut germplasm with high resistance （HR） to A. flavus infec...There was an obvious relationship between seed testa structure, storage material and resistance to A. flavus of peanut. Results showed that seed testa of peanut germplasm with high resistance （HR） to A. flavus infection had thicker wax layer, integrated and tight epidermis layer, regular vascular tissue range. However, the seed testa of peanut germplasm with high sensitivity （HS） to A. flavus had the reverse results, and results of those with medium resistance （MR） to A. flavus lay in between, but changes of testa thickness were not significant among different resistance kinds. Results also showed that some seed storage materials were closely related with resistance potential to A. flavus. It seemed that varieties with higher resistance to A. flavus had higher oleic acid and protein content, lower linoleic acid and fat content. Content of palm acid, total sugar and VE did not show positive relationship with the resistance to A. flavus.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of combination treatments of cisplatin and KK4 and ICG15042 peanut testa extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:The growth inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apopt...Objective:To investigate the effect of combination treatments of cisplatin and KK4 and ICG15042 peanut testa extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:The growth inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis,respectively.The levels of proteins involved in apoptosis were assessed using Western blotting assays.The caspase activity was assessed using a colorimetric caspase activity assay.Results:Cisplatin and peanut(KK4 and ICG15042)testa extracts inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(KKUM214 and KKU-100 cells)in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The combination treatments reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells more efficiently than singledrug treatments.Cancer cell death synergistically mediated by cisplatin and peanut testa extracts was observed in KKU-M214 cells(combination index<1.0)but not in KKU-100 cells(combination index>1.0).The combination treatments also increased the subG1 population and caused KKU-M214 cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases,which were the combined effects of cisplatin(S phase arrest)and peanut testa extracts(G2/M phase arrest).In addition,p ERK1/2,Ac-H3,Bcl-2 and proteins related to apoptosis,including Bax and caspases 3,8,9,exhibited enhanced expression in KKUM214 cells.The combination treatments caused down-regulation of p53,whereas the expression of p21 was fairly constant when compared with cisplatin single drug treatment.Conclusions:Peanut testa extracts in combination with cisplatin synergistically reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis through stimulation of caspases 3,8 and 9 in KKU-M214 cells.展开更多
Background: In many coconut industries, the outer layer of thin brown skin of coconut kernel known as testa is peeled out as a byproduct. Despite the testa is rich in fat and plenty of polyphenolic compounds, it has b...Background: In many coconut industries, the outer layer of thin brown skin of coconut kernel known as testa is peeled out as a byproduct. Despite the testa is rich in fat and plenty of polyphenolic compounds, it has been underutilized either as animal feed, serving as raw materials for bio-diesel production or discarded directly. Anticipating coconut testa (CT) as a natural source of multiple phyto-chemicals, its exploitation for the pharmacological activity or utilization as value added product is required which may reduce the disposal costs as well. Methods: Secondary metabolites from CT were extracted sequentially with different organic solvents based on polarity in the soxhlet apparatus followed by extraction with sterilized water. The crude dried extracts thus prepared were evaluated for qualitative screening of phytochemicals and quantitative estimation of total phenols, flavonoids and tannin content. Moreover, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities were also investigated. Results: Phytochemicals screening revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds in methanolic fraction including phenols (822.60 ± 16.36 mg/g), flavonoids (103.30 ± 9.78 mg/g) and tannin (663.50 ± 19.26 mg/g), whereas non-phenolic compounds were present in other fractions. While methanolic fraction showed invariably the highest anti-oxidant activity in multiple assay methods, non-phenolic compounds in aqueous and chloroform fractions exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity. Antimicrobial activity was observed by both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal that CT is a rich source of various polyphenolic and non-phenolic natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial compounds. These findings are promising and form the basis to identify the number of active components and their characterization.展开更多
China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone(FTZ)will not be the only one of its kind in China.A year after the launching of the Shanghai FTZ,China is planning to set up three new free trade zones to give impetus to its falte...China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone(FTZ)will not be the only one of its kind in China.A year after the launching of the Shanghai FTZ,China is planning to set up three new free trade zones to give impetus to its faltering economy.The three FTZs will be established in South China’s Guangdong province,East China’s Fujian province and North China’s Tianjin Municipality from March 1,2015,according to an展开更多
Phytochemical investigation of peanut testa(the seed coat of Arachis hypogaea L.)led to the isolation of eight phenolic compounds,including caffeic acid(1),methyl caffeate(2),ethyl caffeate(3),methyl protocatechuate(4...Phytochemical investigation of peanut testa(the seed coat of Arachis hypogaea L.)led to the isolation of eight phenolic compounds,including caffeic acid(1),methyl caffeate(2),ethyl caffeate(3),methyl protocatechuate(4),ethyl protocatechuate(5),butyl protocatechuate(6),(E)-p-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(7),and resveratrol(8).The structures of the compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with the previously reported literature.Among them,compounds 2,3,5,and 6 were obtained from Arachis hypogaea L.for the first time.展开更多
Seed color is a key agronomic trait in crops such as peanut,where it is a vital indicator of both nutritional and commercial value.In recent years,peanuts with darker seed coats have gained market attention due to the...Seed color is a key agronomic trait in crops such as peanut,where it is a vital indicator of both nutritional and commercial value.In recent years,peanuts with darker seed coats have gained market attention due to their high anthocyanin content.Here,we used bulk segregant analysis to identify the gene associated with the purplish-red coat trait and identified a novel gene encoding a basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor,PURPLE RED SEED COAT1(PSC1),which regulates the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seed coat.Specifically,we found that a 35-bp insertion in the PSC1 promoter increased the abundance of PSC1mRNA.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the purplish-red color of the seed coat was the result of decreased expression of anthocyanidin reductase(ANR),leading to increased accumulation of delphinidin,cyanidin,and pelargonidin derivatives.Further analysis revealed that PSC1 interacts with AhMYB7 to form a complex that specifically binds to the ANR promoter to suppress its expression,resulting in increased anthocyanin accumulation.Moreover,overexpression of PSC1 increased anthocyanin content in Arabidopsis thaliana and peanut callus.Our study reveals a new gene that controls seed coat color by regulating anthocyanin metabolism and provides a valuable genetic resource for breeding peanuts with a purplish-red seed coat.展开更多
Introduction Vascular diseases,such as stroke and heart failure(HF),are associated with cognitive decline.Vascular cognitive impairment(CI)is commonly found in patients who had a stroke and with HF,ranging from mild C...Introduction Vascular diseases,such as stroke and heart failure(HF),are associated with cognitive decline.Vascular cognitive impairment(CI)is commonly found in patients who had a stroke and with HF,ranging from mild CI to dementia.Early detection of CI is crucial for effective management and rehabilitation.This study aimed to develop the VasCog Screen test,a screening tool to detect CI in patients who had a stroke and with HF.Method 427 patients who had a stroke and with HF were assessed using cognitive measures including Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and a formal neuropsychological battery.The short-MoCA was derived and combined with Symbol Digit Modalities Test(SDMT)to create the VasCog Screen.The discriminatory ability of different tests for CI was compared,establishing optimal cut-off points.Variants of short-MoCA including the SDMT were also evaluated.Results Similar prevalence rates of CI were found in stroke and HF cohorts.The most prevalent neuropsychological impairment was visuomotor speed,followed by visual memory and visuoconstruction.More than half of the patients were found to have CI.The VasCog Screen outperformed MMSE,MoCA and short-MoCA in detecting CI.The addition of SDMT to variants of the short-MoCA increased diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion The VasCog Screen test offers a cognitive screening tool,which is sensitive to cognitive deficits characteristically found in patients who had a stroke and with HF.It was found to have good sensitivity,specificity and classification accuracy.It is easy to administer in busy clinics,enabling early detection of CI and facilitating appropriate interventions.展开更多
Objective:Growing problem of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori,as a common cause of chronic gastritis and even stomach cancer,demands searching for novel candidates of herbal sources.This study is aimed at ...Objective:Growing problem of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori,as a common cause of chronic gastritis and even stomach cancer,demands searching for novel candidates of herbal sources.This study is aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract obtained from Quercus brantii var.persica seed coat(Testa)on H.pylori isolated from gastric biopsy specimens.Methods:Such specimens were collected from 100 patients presenting with endoscopic gastroduodenal findings.Testa extracts were prepared from Persian Oak forests in the province of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad,IRAN.H.pylori isolates were obtained by a series of standard bacteriology tests and cell culture,then were confirmed by PCR.The activity of testa extracts towards 25 H.pylori isolates was assessed by well diffusion method,microdilution assay,and a disk diffusion assay in vitro.Results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA analysis.Results:Aqueous extract of testa demonstrated an antimicrobial activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranged from 0 mm to 40 mm.Its inhibitory activity increased simultaneously with increasing extract concentration.The lowest MIC and MBC were both recorded as 2μg/m L.Anti-H.pylori activity of testa extract was approximately close to tetracycline and metronidazole and less than amoxicillin.A potent extract of testa possessed significant inhibitory activity(P<0.05).Conclusion:Testa extract is suggested as a natural therapeutic source against the gastric H.pylori infection.However,evaluating the in vivo activity of this extract is necessary too.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Most of the western physicians generally prescribe synthetic drugs for the treatment of parasitic disease. On the other hand many crude drugs and plant extracts still continue to find effective use in...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Most of the western physicians generally prescribe synthetic drugs for the treatment of parasitic disease. On the other hand many crude drugs and plant extracts still continue to find effective use in the traditional Chinese medicine. These展开更多
Since Ohkuma and Wareing et al. isolated abscisie acid, there have been many reports considering that the ABA (abseisic acido) inhibits the germination of nondormant seeds and exists in dormant seeds; after cold strat...Since Ohkuma and Wareing et al. isolated abscisie acid, there have been many reports considering that the ABA (abseisic acido) inhibits the germination of nondormant seeds and exists in dormant seeds; after cold stratification the ABA level usually decreases rapidly, thus some research workers for a long time consider that the ABA is a main factor which causes seed dormancy. But, Rudinick and展开更多
Most of agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive compounds.The present study deals with profiling phenolic compounds from various phenolic fractions of cashew nut(Anacardium occidentale L.)testa.The anti...Most of agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive compounds.The present study deals with profiling phenolic compounds from various phenolic fractions of cashew nut(Anacardium occidentale L.)testa.The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic fractions(free,esterified and bound)were also evaluated.About 20,5 and 7 phenolic compounds were identified from free,esterified,and bound phenolic fractions,respectively.UPLC-HRMS/MS analyses of phenolic fractions revealed that condensed tannins and flavanols are the primary testa polyphenols.(+)-catechin,(-)-epicatechin,epicatechin gallate and procyanidins were identified in all the fractions.Most of the phenolic compounds were concentrated in the free form(62.5%),followed by the bound(21.8%)and esterified fractions(15.62%).The free phenolic fraction(FPF)showed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content.The FPF showed the highest radical scavenging activity(FPF IC5012.35±1.48μg/ml(DPPH assay),33.77±1.04μg/ml(ABTS assay)and 62.89±2.1μmol of Fe2+equivalent per gram of cashew nut testa(FRAP assay)).The antimicrobial activities of phenolic fractions were tested against foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus FRI722,Escherichia coli EFR02,Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778.All the phenolic fractions possess antimicrobial activity;the FPF has shown a maximum zone of inhibition at a lower concentration of 3 mg/ml.The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the testa were strongly influenced by its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.In conclusion,cashew nut testa is a suitable source to extract phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.展开更多
Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization.Do...Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization.Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8(TT8) and Homeobox12(HB12), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of TT8(TT8i) and HB12(HB12i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content,bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants(5 TT8i and 11 HB12i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control.Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the HB12i had higher lignin, while TT8i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the HB12i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the TT8 and HB12 genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the HB12 gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.展开更多
文摘黄籽油菜因菜油的外观、品质好等优势深受消费者欢迎,但后代性状分离不稳定,严重影响其大面积应用。为解析黄籽油菜性状分离不稳定的内在原因,探寻黄籽油菜中黄色籽粒和黑色籽粒之间内在生理机制存在的差异,以甘蓝型黄籽油菜(CK)为材料,对其分离后代中的黄色(Y)、黑色(B)籽粒植株的农艺性状、生理生化指标、种皮颜色相关基因等之间的表达差异开展了研究。结果表明:分离后代中,Y的根茎粗和株高均优于CK和B,B的株高分别与CK、Y呈显著差异,B的根茎粗与Y呈显著差异。Y的病害指数为1.97,CK和B的病害指数分别为2.55,3.33,表明Y在抗病性方面优于CK和B。在9—10叶期Y叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量最低,花期Y和CK花中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性持续上升,表明黄籽油菜抗逆能力较强。7—8叶期和9—10叶期B和Y中TT18、TT8基因的表达量均高于CK,终花期B和Y中TT18基因的表达量显著低于CK。授粉后28 d Y种子中MYB47基因的表达量最高,分别为CK的5.56倍和B的5.79倍。TT8基因在授粉后21 d的Y中表达量最高,分别为CK和B的3.30,2.29倍。黄籽油菜在含油量、抗逆等方面均有明显优势,因而大力发展黄籽油菜可为提高菜油供应量,解决我国食用油安全提供新思路。
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472041)+2 种基金the Project of the Development for High-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province(HBZY2023B003)Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BBA077)Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024-2060299-089-031)。
文摘Peanut is a globally significant oil crop and economic resource,notable for its kernel containing over 50%oil content.White testa peanuts are highly valued for their superior nutritional profile,minimal pigmentation,and superior oil clarity.Identification of genes controlling white testa color is crucial for advancing breeding programs and understanding the genetic mechanisms involved.A genetic mapping study was performed in peanut to identify genes controlling white testa color,a trait associated with desirable end-use quality traits in this oilseed crop.In an F_(2)population generated from a cross of a white-testa with a pink-testa cultivar,two recessive quantitative-trait loci controlling white testa were identified and finemapped to A02 and B02 chromosomes.Two homologous genes,Arahy.MP3D3D and Arahy.26781N,encoding bHLH transcriptional factors,were identified as candidates for the two loci.Reduced expression of these two genes likely suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundtion of China in2011(31171789)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to promote color wheat industrialization and meet the demand of people on nutritious grain, making both natural and safe food possible. [Method] Hardness indices of wheat were measured and layering peeling and milling technology was adopted to explore nutrients distribution in color wheat and effect of hardness on milling of wheat layers. [Result] The results indicated that total content of amino acid in color wheat was higher than that of common wheat by 13.91%-23.32%; Zhongpu Black 1 and Zhongpu Green 1 exceeded common wheat in Zn, Fe and Ca, but Zhongpu Purple 1 was generally lower; Zhongpu Green 1 was significantly higher in Fe and Ca by 371.80% and 102.86%, respectively. Mean- while, it was found that nutrients distribution of color wheat was similar to that of common ,one, namely, pericarp, testa, aleurone layer and embryo were abundant with nutrients. In addition, color wheat was concluded nutritious one and milling in- dustrialization of wheat layers could be achieved through layer-milling and separation technology. Furthermore, wheat hardness was proved the key element influencing milling of wheat layers. [Conclusion] The research set an example for nutrition development and utilization of color wheat.
文摘The seed coat is important for embryo protection,seed hydration,and dispersal.Seed coat composition is also of interest to the agricultural sector,since it impacts the nutritional value for humans and livestock alike.Although some seed coat genes have been identified,the developmental pathways controlling seed coat development are not completely elucidated,and a global genetic program associated with seed coat development has not been reported.This study uses a combination of genetic and genomic approaches in Arabidopsis thaliana to begin to address these knowledge gaps.Seed coat development is a complex process whereby the integuments of the ovule differentiate into specialized cell types.In Arabidopsis,the outermost layer of cells secretes mucilage into the apoplast and develops a secondary cell wall known as a columella.The layer beneath the epidermis,the palisade,synthesizes a secondary cell wall on its inner tangential side.The innermost layer(the pigmented layer or endothelium)produces proanthocyanidins that condense into tannins and oxidize,giving a brown color to mature seeds.Genetic separation of these cell layers was achieved using the ap2-7 and tt16-1 mutants,where the epidermis/palisade and the endothelium do not develop respectively.This genetic ablation was exploited to examine the developmental programs of these cell types by isolating and collecting seed coats at key tran-sitions during development and performing global gene expression analysis.The data indicate that the developmental programs of the epidermis and the pigmented layer proceed relatively independently.Global expression datasets that can be used for identification of new gene candidates for seed coat development were generated.These dataset provide a comprehensive expression profile for developing seed coats in Arabidopsis,and should provide a useful resource and reference for other seed systems.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various presowing treatments on the germinability(final germination percentage)and germination rate of loquat seeds in order to increase seedling production in nurseries(applied research)as well as provide answers for important physiological issues related to loquat seeds and their seed coat(basic research).Three experiments were carried out with various pre-sowing treatments.These treatments included full or partial removal of seed coat(perisperm),partial cutting of cotyledons as well as moist chilling at 5℃ for 13 days and/or soaking the seeds in water or 250 ppm gibberellic acid(GA_(3))solution for 24 h.According to the results,cotyledons excision resulted in delayed germination,regardless of the presence or absence of the seed coat in comparison with the decoated seeds that demonstrated the highest germination rate amongst them.In addition,even the partial excision of seed coats affected positively both the germinability and the germination rate,compared to the control-intact seeds.Furthermore,control-intact seeds had a higher germination percentage when exposed to moist chilling independently of the application or not of gibberellin;while the combination of gibberellin application and moist chilling improved both the percentage and the rate of germination of decoated seeds.In conclusion,the role of perisperm(seed coat)in the germination procedure of loquat seeds seems to be important,indicating the existence of seed coat-imposed dormancy on loquat seeds.Finally,the existence of a mild endogenous embryo-dormancy on loquat is also discussed.
文摘There was an obvious relationship between seed testa structure, storage material and resistance to A. flavus of peanut. Results showed that seed testa of peanut germplasm with high resistance （HR） to A. flavus infection had thicker wax layer, integrated and tight epidermis layer, regular vascular tissue range. However, the seed testa of peanut germplasm with high sensitivity （HS） to A. flavus had the reverse results, and results of those with medium resistance （MR） to A. flavus lay in between, but changes of testa thickness were not significant among different resistance kinds. Results also showed that some seed storage materials were closely related with resistance potential to A. flavus. It seemed that varieties with higher resistance to A. flavus had higher oleic acid and protein content, lower linoleic acid and fat content. Content of palm acid, total sugar and VE did not show positive relationship with the resistance to A. flavus.
基金supported by the Thailand Research Fund for providing financial support through the Senior Research Scholar Project of Prof.Dr.Sanun Jogloy(Project no.RTA6180002)partially supported by the National Research Council of Thailand through Khon Kaen University,Thailand
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of combination treatments of cisplatin and KK4 and ICG15042 peanut testa extracts against cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro.Methods:The growth inhibition,cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry analysis,respectively.The levels of proteins involved in apoptosis were assessed using Western blotting assays.The caspase activity was assessed using a colorimetric caspase activity assay.Results:Cisplatin and peanut(KK4 and ICG15042)testa extracts inhibited the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines(KKUM214 and KKU-100 cells)in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The combination treatments reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells more efficiently than singledrug treatments.Cancer cell death synergistically mediated by cisplatin and peanut testa extracts was observed in KKU-M214 cells(combination index<1.0)but not in KKU-100 cells(combination index>1.0).The combination treatments also increased the subG1 population and caused KKU-M214 cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases,which were the combined effects of cisplatin(S phase arrest)and peanut testa extracts(G2/M phase arrest).In addition,p ERK1/2,Ac-H3,Bcl-2 and proteins related to apoptosis,including Bax and caspases 3,8,9,exhibited enhanced expression in KKUM214 cells.The combination treatments caused down-regulation of p53,whereas the expression of p21 was fairly constant when compared with cisplatin single drug treatment.Conclusions:Peanut testa extracts in combination with cisplatin synergistically reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis through stimulation of caspases 3,8 and 9 in KKU-M214 cells.
文摘Background: In many coconut industries, the outer layer of thin brown skin of coconut kernel known as testa is peeled out as a byproduct. Despite the testa is rich in fat and plenty of polyphenolic compounds, it has been underutilized either as animal feed, serving as raw materials for bio-diesel production or discarded directly. Anticipating coconut testa (CT) as a natural source of multiple phyto-chemicals, its exploitation for the pharmacological activity or utilization as value added product is required which may reduce the disposal costs as well. Methods: Secondary metabolites from CT were extracted sequentially with different organic solvents based on polarity in the soxhlet apparatus followed by extraction with sterilized water. The crude dried extracts thus prepared were evaluated for qualitative screening of phytochemicals and quantitative estimation of total phenols, flavonoids and tannin content. Moreover, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities were also investigated. Results: Phytochemicals screening revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds in methanolic fraction including phenols (822.60 ± 16.36 mg/g), flavonoids (103.30 ± 9.78 mg/g) and tannin (663.50 ± 19.26 mg/g), whereas non-phenolic compounds were present in other fractions. While methanolic fraction showed invariably the highest anti-oxidant activity in multiple assay methods, non-phenolic compounds in aqueous and chloroform fractions exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity. Antimicrobial activity was observed by both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal that CT is a rich source of various polyphenolic and non-phenolic natural antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial compounds. These findings are promising and form the basis to identify the number of active components and their characterization.
文摘China(Shanghai)Pilot Free Trade Zone(FTZ)will not be the only one of its kind in China.A year after the launching of the Shanghai FTZ,China is planning to set up three new free trade zones to give impetus to its faltering economy.The three FTZs will be established in South China’s Guangdong province,East China’s Fujian province and North China’s Tianjin Municipality from March 1,2015,according to an
文摘Phytochemical investigation of peanut testa(the seed coat of Arachis hypogaea L.)led to the isolation of eight phenolic compounds,including caffeic acid(1),methyl caffeate(2),ethyl caffeate(3),methyl protocatechuate(4),ethyl protocatechuate(5),butyl protocatechuate(6),(E)-p-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(7),and resveratrol(8).The structures of the compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with the previously reported literature.Among them,compounds 2,3,5,and 6 were obtained from Arachis hypogaea L.for the first time.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Henan United Fund(No.U22A20475)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Nos.221111110500,222301420026,HARS-22-05-G1)。
文摘Seed color is a key agronomic trait in crops such as peanut,where it is a vital indicator of both nutritional and commercial value.In recent years,peanuts with darker seed coats have gained market attention due to their high anthocyanin content.Here,we used bulk segregant analysis to identify the gene associated with the purplish-red coat trait and identified a novel gene encoding a basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor,PURPLE RED SEED COAT1(PSC1),which regulates the accumulation of anthocyanins in the seed coat.Specifically,we found that a 35-bp insertion in the PSC1 promoter increased the abundance of PSC1mRNA.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that the purplish-red color of the seed coat was the result of decreased expression of anthocyanidin reductase(ANR),leading to increased accumulation of delphinidin,cyanidin,and pelargonidin derivatives.Further analysis revealed that PSC1 interacts with AhMYB7 to form a complex that specifically binds to the ANR promoter to suppress its expression,resulting in increased anthocyanin accumulation.Moreover,overexpression of PSC1 increased anthocyanin content in Arabidopsis thaliana and peanut callus.Our study reveals a new gene that controls seed coat color by regulating anthocyanin metabolism and provides a valuable genetic resource for breeding peanuts with a purplish-red seed coat.
基金a recipient of the Singapore National Medical Research Council(NMRC)Transition Award(TA)(NMRC/TA/0060/2017).
文摘Introduction Vascular diseases,such as stroke and heart failure(HF),are associated with cognitive decline.Vascular cognitive impairment(CI)is commonly found in patients who had a stroke and with HF,ranging from mild CI to dementia.Early detection of CI is crucial for effective management and rehabilitation.This study aimed to develop the VasCog Screen test,a screening tool to detect CI in patients who had a stroke and with HF.Method 427 patients who had a stroke and with HF were assessed using cognitive measures including Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and a formal neuropsychological battery.The short-MoCA was derived and combined with Symbol Digit Modalities Test(SDMT)to create the VasCog Screen.The discriminatory ability of different tests for CI was compared,establishing optimal cut-off points.Variants of short-MoCA including the SDMT were also evaluated.Results Similar prevalence rates of CI were found in stroke and HF cohorts.The most prevalent neuropsychological impairment was visuomotor speed,followed by visual memory and visuoconstruction.More than half of the patients were found to have CI.The VasCog Screen outperformed MMSE,MoCA and short-MoCA in detecting CI.The addition of SDMT to variants of the short-MoCA increased diagnostic accuracy.Conclusion The VasCog Screen test offers a cognitive screening tool,which is sensitive to cognitive deficits characteristically found in patients who had a stroke and with HF.It was found to have good sensitivity,specificity and classification accuracy.It is easy to administer in busy clinics,enabling early detection of CI and facilitating appropriate interventions.
基金research grant support(MICRO_96_A2)from Yasuj University of Medical Sciencessupported by Yasuj University of Medical Sciences,Yasuj,Iran.
文摘Objective:Growing problem of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori,as a common cause of chronic gastritis and even stomach cancer,demands searching for novel candidates of herbal sources.This study is aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract obtained from Quercus brantii var.persica seed coat(Testa)on H.pylori isolated from gastric biopsy specimens.Methods:Such specimens were collected from 100 patients presenting with endoscopic gastroduodenal findings.Testa extracts were prepared from Persian Oak forests in the province of Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad,IRAN.H.pylori isolates were obtained by a series of standard bacteriology tests and cell culture,then were confirmed by PCR.The activity of testa extracts towards 25 H.pylori isolates was assessed by well diffusion method,microdilution assay,and a disk diffusion assay in vitro.Results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA analysis.Results:Aqueous extract of testa demonstrated an antimicrobial activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranged from 0 mm to 40 mm.Its inhibitory activity increased simultaneously with increasing extract concentration.The lowest MIC and MBC were both recorded as 2μg/m L.Anti-H.pylori activity of testa extract was approximately close to tetracycline and metronidazole and less than amoxicillin.A potent extract of testa possessed significant inhibitory activity(P<0.05).Conclusion:Testa extract is suggested as a natural therapeutic source against the gastric H.pylori infection.However,evaluating the in vivo activity of this extract is necessary too.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Most of the western physicians generally prescribe synthetic drugs for the treatment of parasitic disease. On the other hand many crude drugs and plant extracts still continue to find effective use in the traditional Chinese medicine. These
文摘Since Ohkuma and Wareing et al. isolated abscisie acid, there have been many reports considering that the ABA (abseisic acido) inhibits the germination of nondormant seeds and exists in dormant seeds; after cold stratification the ABA level usually decreases rapidly, thus some research workers for a long time consider that the ABA is a main factor which causes seed dormancy. But, Rudinick and
文摘Most of agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive compounds.The present study deals with profiling phenolic compounds from various phenolic fractions of cashew nut(Anacardium occidentale L.)testa.The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic fractions(free,esterified and bound)were also evaluated.About 20,5 and 7 phenolic compounds were identified from free,esterified,and bound phenolic fractions,respectively.UPLC-HRMS/MS analyses of phenolic fractions revealed that condensed tannins and flavanols are the primary testa polyphenols.(+)-catechin,(-)-epicatechin,epicatechin gallate and procyanidins were identified in all the fractions.Most of the phenolic compounds were concentrated in the free form(62.5%),followed by the bound(21.8%)and esterified fractions(15.62%).The free phenolic fraction(FPF)showed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content.The FPF showed the highest radical scavenging activity(FPF IC5012.35±1.48μg/ml(DPPH assay),33.77±1.04μg/ml(ABTS assay)and 62.89±2.1μmol of Fe2+equivalent per gram of cashew nut testa(FRAP assay)).The antimicrobial activities of phenolic fractions were tested against foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus FRI722,Escherichia coli EFR02,Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778.All the phenolic fractions possess antimicrobial activity;the FPF has shown a maximum zone of inhibition at a lower concentration of 3 mg/ml.The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the testa were strongly influenced by its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.In conclusion,cashew nut testa is a suitable source to extract phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
文摘Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) is a legume forage that is widely cultivated owing to its high biomass yield and favorable nutrient values. However, alfalfa contains relatively high lignin, which limits its utilization.Downregulation of two transcriptional factors, Transparent Testa8(TT8) and Homeobox12(HB12), has been proposed to reduce lignin content in alfalfa. Therefore, silencing of TT8(TT8i) and HB12(HB12i) in alfalfa was achieved by RNAi technology. The objective of this project was to determine effect of gene modification through silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa plants on lignin and phenolic content,bioenergic value, nutrient supply from rumen degradable and undegradable fractions, and in vitro ammonia production in response to the silencing of TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa. All gene silenced alfalfa plants(5 TT8i and 11 HB12i) were grown under greenhouse conditions with wild type as a control.Samples were analyzed for bioactive compounds, degradation fractions, truly digestible nutrients, energetic values and in vitro ammonia productions in ruminant systems. Furthermore, relationships between physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics and molecular spectral parameters were determined using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. Results showed that the HB12i had higher lignin, while TT8i had higher phenolics. Both silenced genotypes had higher rumen slowly degraded carbohydrate fractions and truly digestible neutral detergent fiber, but lower rumen degradable protein fractions. Moreover, the HB12i had lower truly digestible crude protein, energetic values and ammonia production compared with other silenced genotypes. In addition, in relation to the nutritive values of alfalfa, structural carbohydrate parameters were negatively correlated, whereas alpha/beta ratio in protein structure was positively correlated. Furthermore, good predictions were obtained for degradation of protein and carbohydrate fractions and energy values from molecular spectral parameters. In conclusion, silencing of the TT8 and HB12 genes decreased protein availability and increased fiber availability. Silencing of the HB12 gene also increased lignin and decreased energy and rumen ammonia production. Moreover, nutritional alterations were closely correlated with molecular spectral parameters. Therefore, gene modification through silencing the TT8 and HB12 genes in alfalfa influenced physiochemical, metabolic and fermentation characteristics.
