An analytical model for contact area and contact stress considering the loading history in incremental sheet forming(ISF)was established.Then,by integrating with the directional characteristics of friction force and h...An analytical model for contact area and contact stress considering the loading history in incremental sheet forming(ISF)was established.Then,by integrating with the directional characteristics of friction force and horizontal force in the process,a friction test method reflecting the forming characteristics of ISF was proposed.Friction coefficients during the forming processes of parts with different wall angles were measured under various plane curves,process paths,and lubrication conditions.Furthermore,the accuracy of the analytical model,as well as the measured friction coefficients and their variation trends,was verified through comparative analysis with experimental results,simulation data,and outcomes from other existing models.The results indicate that the influence of the plane curve characteristics and process paths of parts on the friction condition is not significant.Under the lubrication conditions of L-HM46 oil,MoS_(2)grease,graphite powder,and dry friction,the friction coefficient shows a gradually increasing trend.Notably,when the wall angle is≤40°,the friction coefficient remains relatively constant;however,when the wall angle exceeds 40°,the friction coefficient increases progressively.展开更多
The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and ...The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few decades.The objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS measurement.It starts with elaborating the theories of these test methods.Then the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing methods.Next,the method selection for UCS measurement is recommended.It reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure mode.The trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal test.Two size correction methods are commonly used.One is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen size.The other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction factor.Three to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of rocks.The selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen size.The engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.展开更多
This paper introduces a kind of substitute bench testing method for vehicle application development and testing method of the test requirements,including battery fast conversion cycle test equipment,enter type incubat...This paper introduces a kind of substitute bench testing method for vehicle application development and testing method of the test requirements,including battery fast conversion cycle test equipment,enter type incubator,liquid-cooled machine and ancillary equipment composed of a set of test system,through the walk-in constant temperature box to simulate the new energy vehicles under different environmental conditions of the test requirements,Liquid-cooled machine and auxiliary parts to complete the battery thermal management system need cooling fluid conditions,the battery conversion cycle test equipment to simulate the dc fast charging way of filling pile,complete battery thermal management system test,shorten the filling fast charging time and improve battery fast charge security,for troubleshooting and data collection and analysis,Improve work efficiency,save costs,and eliminate customer anxiety about battery life and charging time.展开更多
The rapid progress in the construction of heavy-haul and high-speed railways has led to a surge in rail defects and unforeseen failures.Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of more sophisticated rail ...The rapid progress in the construction of heavy-haul and high-speed railways has led to a surge in rail defects and unforeseen failures.Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of more sophisticated rail inspection methods,specifically involving real-time,precise detection,and assessment of rail defects.Current applications fail to address the evolving requirements,prompting the need for advancements.This paper provides a summary of various types of rail defects and outlines both traditional and innovative non-destructive inspection techniques,examining their fundamental features,benefits,drawbacks,and practical suitability for railway track inspection.It also explores potential enhancements to equipment and software.The comprehensive review draws upon pertinent international research and review papers.Furthermore,the paper introduces a fusion of inspection methods aimed at enhancing the overall reliability of defect detection.展开更多
With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist i...With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.展开更多
Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the su...Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.展开更多
During fully mechanized caving mining of thick coal seams,a large amount of strain energy accumulates in the roof,especially when the roof is thick and hard,making it difficultfor the roof to collapse naturally.When t...During fully mechanized caving mining of thick coal seams,a large amount of strain energy accumulates in the roof,especially when the roof is thick and hard,making it difficultfor the roof to collapse naturally.When the roof eventually collapses,the accumulated energy is released instantaneously,exerting a strong impact on the roadway.To address this issue,we proposed the synergistic control method of directional comprehensive pressure relief and energy-absorbing support(PREA)for roadways with hard roofs.In this study,we developed a three-dimensional physical model test apparatus for roof cutting and pressure relief.The 122108 ventilation roadway at the Caojiatan Coal Mine,which has a thick and hard roof,was taken as the engineering example.We analyzed the evolution patterns of stress and displacement in both the stope and the roadway surrounding rocks under different schemes.The PREA reinforcement mechanism for the roadway was investigated through comparative model tests between the new and original methods.The results showed that,compared to the original method,the new method reduced surrounding rock stress by up to 60.4%,and the roadway convergence decreased by up to 52.1%.Based on these results,we proposed corresponding engineering recommendations,which can guide fieldreinforcement design and application.The results demonstrate that the PREA method effectively reduces stress and ensures the safety and stability of the roadway.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the price and composition of blood glucose meters and blood glucose test papers in Hubei Province,so as to improve the affordability of blood glucose monitoring for diabetes pa...The purpose of this study is to evaluate the price and composition of blood glucose meters and blood glucose test papers in Hubei Province,so as to improve the affordability of blood glucose monitoring for diabetes patients.Using the standard survey method jointly developed by the World Health Organization(WHO)and Health Action International(HAI)for drug price composition analysis,central level data was collected through literature review,policy review,and interviews with key informants.Field research was conducted in Wuhan and Yichang to trace price data at various levels of the supply chain.At the central level,data shows that China has implemented multiple policies related to the management and pricing of blood glucose meters and test strips,but has not yet introduced price restrictions for blood glucose meters and test strips;At the supply chain level,data shows that the price composition of blood glucose meters and test strips in Hubei Province is mainly composed of manufacturer prices and retail markups,followed by supply chain taxes and wholesale markups.It can be seen from this that China has established a comprehensive medical device registration,sales,quality control and management standard system through a series of policies.At present,China has not issued price policies for blood glucose meters and blood glucose test papers.Therefore,we can reduce product prices by including medical insurance,government subsidies,competitive bidding,and reducing supply chain taxes,thus improving the affordability of blood glucose monitoring for diabetes patients.展开更多
Plant roots are widely known to provide mechanical reinforcement to soils against shearing and further increase slope stability.However,whether roots provide reinforcement to loess cyclic re-sistance and how various f...Plant roots are widely known to provide mechanical reinforcement to soils against shearing and further increase slope stability.However,whether roots provide reinforcement to loess cyclic re-sistance and how various factors affect roots reinforcement during seismic loading have rarely been studied.The objective is to conduct a series of cyclic direct simple shear tests and DEM numerical simulation to investigate the cyclic behaviour of rooted loess.The effects of initial static shear stress and loading frequency on the cyclic resistance of root-soil composites were first investigated.After that,cyclic direct simple shear simulations at constant volume were carried out based on the discrete element method(PFC^(3D))to investigate the effects of root geome-try,mechanical traits and root-soil bond strength on the cyclic strength of rooted loess.It was discovered that the roots could effectively improve the cyclic resistance of loess.The cyclic resistance of the root-soil composite decreases with the increase of the initial shear stress,then increases,and improves with the increase of the frequency.The simulation result show that increases in root elastic modulus and root-soil interfacial bond strength can all enhance the cyclic resistance of root-soil composites,and the maximum cyclic resistance of the root-soil composite was obtained when the initial inclination angle of the root system was 90°.展开更多
Based on ground observation data of relative humidity,the prediction performance of STNF and MIFS in each competition area during February 13-26,2024 was tested and evaluated by using two intelligent forecasting metho...Based on ground observation data of relative humidity,the prediction performance of STNF and MIFS in each competition area during February 13-26,2024 was tested and evaluated by using two intelligent forecasting methods(STNF and MIFS).The results show that STNF had better performance in forecasting relative humidity in high-altitude areas,and was suitable for fine forecasting under complex terrain.MIFS improved the short-term forecast of some low-altitude stations,but the long-term reliability was insufficient.STNF method performed better than MIFS during 0-24 h.As the prediction time extended to 24-72 h,the errors of both methods showed a systematic increase trend.STNF had higher precision,lower root mean square error and smaller mean error in most regions under the background of most weather systems,showing its superiority as a forecasting method of relative humidity.However,the precision of MIFS was slightly higher than that of STNF in Liangcheng without system background,revealing that MIFS may also be an effective option in some specific conditions.展开更多
At present,there is currently a lack of unified standard methods for the determination of antimony content in groundwater in China.The precision and trueness of related detection technologies have not yet been systema...At present,there is currently a lack of unified standard methods for the determination of antimony content in groundwater in China.The precision and trueness of related detection technologies have not yet been systematically and quantitatively evaluated,which limits the effective implementation of environmental monitoring.In response to this key technical gap,this study aimed to establish a standardized method for determining antimony in groundwater using Hydride Generation–Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry(HG-AFS).Ten laboratories participated in inter-laboratory collaborative tests,and the statistical analysis of the test data was carried out in strict accordance with the technical specifications of GB/T 6379.2—2004 and GB/T 6379.4—2006.The consistency and outliers of the data were tested by Mandel's h and k statistics,the Grubbs test and the Cochran test,and the outliers were removed to optimize the data,thereby significantly improving the reliability and accuracy.Based on the optimized data,parameters such as the repeatability limit(r),reproducibility limit(R),and method bias value(δ)were determined,and the trueness of the method was statistically evaluated.At the same time,precision-function relationships were established,and all results met the requirements.The results show that the lower the antimony content,the lower the repeatability limit(r)and reproducibility limit(R),indicating that the measurement error mainly originates from the detection limit of the method and instrument sensitivity.Therefore,improving the instrument sensitivity and reducing the detection limit are the keys to controlling the analytical error and improving precision.This study provides reliable data support and a solid technical foundation for the establishment and evaluation of standardized methods for the determination of antimony content in groundwater.展开更多
Without knowing the emittance value, it is difficult to optimize ion beam optics for minimum beam loss during transmission, especially considering the very high emittance values of electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) io...Without knowing the emittance value, it is difficult to optimize ion beam optics for minimum beam loss during transmission, especially considering the very high emittance values of electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) ion sources.With this in mind, to measure the emittance of the ion beams produced by the mVINIS ECR, which is part of the FAMA facility at the Vin?a Institute of Nuclear Sciences, we have developed a pepper-pot scintillator screen system combined with a CMOS camera. The application, developed on the Lab VIEW platform, allows us to control the camera's main attribute settings, such as the shutter speed and the gain, record the images in the region of interest, and process and filter the images in real time. To analyze the data from the obtained image, we have developed an algorithm called measurement and analysis of ion beam luminosity(MAIBL) to reconstruct the four-dimensional(4D) beam profile and calculate the root mean square(RMS) emittance. Before measuring emittance, we performed a simulated experiment using the pepper-pot simulation(PPS) program. An exported file(PPS) gives a numerically generated raw image(mock image) of a beam with a predefined emittance value after it has passed through a pepper-pot mask. By analyzing data from mock images instead of the image obtained by the camera and putting it into the MAIBL algorithm, we can compare the calculated emittance with PPS's initial emittance value. In this paper, we present our computational tools and explain the method for verifying the correctness of the calculated emittance values.展开更多
The early involvement of test and evaluation can significantly reduce the cost of modifying issues and errors found in the later stages of aircraft development and design process.This paper presents a methodology for ...The early involvement of test and evaluation can significantly reduce the cost of modifying issues and errors found in the later stages of aircraft development and design process.This paper presents a methodology for aircraft mission effectiveness evaluation and design space exploration based on Virtual Operational Test(VOT),incorporating Virtual Open Scenario(VOS)and User in Scenarios(UIS)concepts.By employing modeling and simulation technologies in the early stages of aircraft development and design,a virtual environment can be constructed,allowing aircraft users to participate more closely and conveniently in the design process.Virtual tests conducted by users within the mission context provide data on mission effectiveness and critical user feedback.This paper outlines the main components of the virtual operational test process and related conceptual methods,and discusses an open support system framework that supports VOT.The effectiveness and adaptability of the method are demonstrated through two case studies:a beyond-visual-range air combat scenario and a helicopter ground attack scenario.These case studies demonstrate the evaluation of aircraft mission effectiveness and the sensitivity analysis and optimization of design and operational parameters based on VOT.展开更多
T he residual stray magnetic fields present in ferromagnetic casting slabs were investigated in this work,which result from the magnetic fields generated during the steel casting process.Existing optical detection met...T he residual stray magnetic fields present in ferromagnetic casting slabs were investigated in this work,which result from the magnetic fields generated during the steel casting process.Existing optical detection methods face challenges owing to surface oxide scales,and conventional high-precision magnetic sensors are ineffective at high temperatures.To overcome these limitations,a small coil sensor was employed to measure the residual magnetism strength in oscillation traces,using metal magnetic memory and electromagnetic induction methods,which can carry out detection without an external excitation source.Using this technology,the proposed scheme successfully detects defects at high tempe-ratures(up to 670℃)without a cooling device.The key findings include the ability to detect both surface and near-surface defects,such as cracks and oscillation marks,with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 7.2 dB after signal processing.The method’s practicality was validated in a steel mill environment,where testing on casting slabs effectively detected defects,providing a foundation for improving industrial quality control.The proposed detection scheme offers a significant advancement in nondestructive testing(NDT)for high-temperature applications,contributing to more efficient and accurate monitoring of ferromagnetic material integrity.展开更多
Shaking table tests are widely used to evaluate seismic effects on railway structures,but accurately measuring rail displacement remains a significant challenge owing to the nonlinear characteristics of large displace...Shaking table tests are widely used to evaluate seismic effects on railway structures,but accurately measuring rail displacement remains a significant challenge owing to the nonlinear characteristics of large displacements,ambient noise interference,and limitations in displacement meter installation.In this paper,a novel method that integrates the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)feature tracker with an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is presented for measuring rail displacement during shaking table tests.The method employs KLT feature tracker and a random sample consensus algorithm to extract and track key feature points,while EKF optimally estimates dynamic states by accounting for system noise and observation errors.Shaking table test results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an acceleration root mean square error of 0.300 m/s^(2)and a correlation with accelerometer data exceeding 99.7%,significantly outper-forming the original KLT approach.This innovative method provides a more efficient and reliable solution for measuring rail displacement under large nonlinear vibrations.展开更多
Steep bedding slopes are widely distributed in Southwestern China’s mountainous regions and have complex seismic responses and instability risks,causing casualties and property losses.Considering the high-seismic-int...Steep bedding slopes are widely distributed in Southwestern China’s mountainous regions and have complex seismic responses and instability risks,causing casualties and property losses.Considering the high-seismic-intensity environment,the dynamic failure evolution and instability mechanism of high-steep bedding slopes are simulated via the discrete element method and shaking table test.The dynamic response characteristics and cumulative failure effects of slopes subjected to continuous ground motion are investigated.The results show that the dynamic response characteristics of slopes under continuous earthquakes are influenced by geological and topographic conditions.Elevation has a distinct impact on both the slope interior and surface,with amplification effects more pronounced on the surface.The weak interlayers have different influences on the dynamic amplification effect of slopes.Weak interlayers have dynamic magnification effects on the slope surface at relative elevations of 0-0.33 and 0.82-1.0 but have weakening effects between 0.33 and 0.82.Moreover,the weak interlayers also have controlling effects on the dynamic instability mode of slopes.The characteristics of intergranular contact failure,fracture propagation,and displacement distribution are analyzed to reveal the dynamic failure evolution and instability mechanism through the discrete-element model.The dynamic instability process of slopes includes three stages:fracture initiation(0-0.2g),fracture expansion(0.2g-0.3g),and sliding instability(0.3g-0.6g).This work can provide a valuable reference for the seismic stability and reinforcement of complex slopes.展开更多
Electric desalting wastewater(EDW)is one of the petrochemical wastewater generated in the production process of petrochemical industry,due to the instability of its water quality,the traditional wastewater treatment t...Electric desalting wastewater(EDW)is one of the petrochemical wastewater generated in the production process of petrochemical industry,due to the instability of its water quality,the traditional wastewater treatment technology is complex,high energy consumption,and will produce waste causing secondary pollution,posing challenges in terms of environmental protection,technology,and economy.This study utilized an on-site test to investigate the possibility of a new short-process physical method to replace traditional electro-chemical,oil-separation,and two-stage air floating physical chemistry processes,in response to optimizing the treatment effect,thus reducing the cost of treatment and carbon emissions.Following this test,this new short-flow physical method process could improve the efficiency of oil and suspend solid(SS)removal by 15.48%and 58.72%,and providing 78.37%and 75.55%the operating costs and carbon emissions savings,respectively.This system also reduced the production of waste solids,volatile organic compounds,and other three-waste compared with the traditional process.These benefits offer environmental and economic advantages,and this process serves as an efficient strategy to treat wastewater for electric desalination,and can be served as a completely new technological and process option for the treatment of EDW.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is a lack of integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment regimens supported by high-level evidence-based medicine in the maintenance therapy phase of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).Based on ...BACKGROUND There is a lack of integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment regimens supported by high-level evidence-based medicine in the maintenance therapy phase of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).Based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of“Yin tumor”,we believe that“Yang does not transform Yin,and it is blocked in the intestines”is the core pathogenesis of mCRC.Based on the basic treatment principle of“warming Yang and dredging intestines”,we developed the Quxie Capsule.Previous randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated that the Quxie Capsule can significantly prolong the overall survival of patients with mCRC,but it remains to be verified whether the combination of the“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”prescription with Western medicine standard regimen can prolong the efficacy and safety of the mCRC during the period of maintenance therapy.AIM To confirm and clinically validate that the combination of“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”prescription with Western medicine standard regimen can prolong progression-free survival(PFS)during maintenance treatment of mCRC.The safety of“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”prescription is also assessed.METHODS The study has a prospective,open-label,randomized,controlled study design.Patients have been recruited beginning November 2023 from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The study period is from March 2024 to March 2026.After screening in outpatient clinics or wards,subjects who met the inclusion criteria are randomized into the treatment or control group in a 2:1 ratio.The treatment group receives the“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”formula combined with Western standard maintenance therapy.The control group receives Western standard maintenance therapy formulated by the investigators based on the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for colorectal cancer.All participants receive treatment until the occurrence of disease progression,death,or unmanageable adverse effects,with post-treatment monitoring continued until mortality.An independent panel of chief physicians with extensive clinical experience evaluates the progression of the disease.RESULTS This study aims to clarify whether the combination of warming Yang and dredging intestines method formula with standard Western medicine regimens can prolong PFS during maintenance therapy for mCRC and whether the treatment has a favorable safety profile.The goal is to provide a combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment option for clinical physicians and mCRC patients.Notably,with the actual sample size,this study has an 80%probability of detecting a significant difference if a true difference exists.Small sample sizes may lead to increased instability of the results of subgroup analyses,and may also result in findings that are only applicable to patients with characteristics highly similar to those of the present study population(e.g.,specific genotypes,therapeutic backgrounds,etc.),making it difficult to generalize to the broader mCRC population.In the future,it may be possible to expand the sample size based on this study to further validate the efficacy and safety of combining Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of mCRC.Basic research on the therapeutic combination of warming Yang and dredging intestines method formula and standard Western regimen will be performed in parallel.CONCLUSION This study aims to clarify whether the combination of warming Yang and dredging intestines method formula with standard Western medicine regimens can prolong PFS during maintenance therapy for mCRC and whether the treatment has a favorable safety profile.展开更多
Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.,a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae,is widely used as food additive,food condiment,spice,and herbal teas.Polyphenol-rich fraction of T.quinquecostatus(PRF)has been proven t...Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.,a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae,is widely used as food additive,food condiment,spice,and herbal teas.Polyphenol-rich fraction of T.quinquecostatus(PRF)has been proven to be effective protective effect for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)in our previous study.In this study,we developed a novel“Gut flora-Compound-Target-Pathway”(GCTP)network based on network pharmacology coupled with gastrointestinal metabolism for screening bio-active components,key targets and gut floras through the classical technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).This compensates for the lack of gut floras and gastrointestinal metabolism in network pharmacology.Firstly,four incubation models covering simulated gastric juice,simulated intestinal juice,gut floras of normal and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)rat in vitro were applied to PRF.The 109 proto-components and 64 metabolites were elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q exactive orbitrap-mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS).Then,the key targets of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),tyrosine-protein kinase fyn(FYN),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),amyloid precursor protein(APP),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and gut floras of Enterococcus avium LY1 were selected.Moreover,the selected key proto components were rosmarinic acid,daidzein,quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,methyl rosmarinate,kaempferol,luteoloside,and caffeic acid,and the key metabolites were isokaempferide,isorhamnetin,isoquercetin,and mangiferin.Binding of compounds to the key proteins was analyzed by molecular docking,and also verified though an 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride(AAPH)induced oxidative stress zebrafish model and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays.This study provides a new idea and a better understanding of PRF for its protective effects on CIRI and its underlying mechanisms.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3407003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52375378).
文摘An analytical model for contact area and contact stress considering the loading history in incremental sheet forming(ISF)was established.Then,by integrating with the directional characteristics of friction force and horizontal force in the process,a friction test method reflecting the forming characteristics of ISF was proposed.Friction coefficients during the forming processes of parts with different wall angles were measured under various plane curves,process paths,and lubrication conditions.Furthermore,the accuracy of the analytical model,as well as the measured friction coefficients and their variation trends,was verified through comparative analysis with experimental results,simulation data,and outcomes from other existing models.The results indicate that the influence of the plane curve characteristics and process paths of parts on the friction condition is not significant.Under the lubrication conditions of L-HM46 oil,MoS_(2)grease,graphite powder,and dry friction,the friction coefficient shows a gradually increasing trend.Notably,when the wall angle is≤40°,the friction coefficient remains relatively constant;however,when the wall angle exceeds 40°,the friction coefficient increases progressively.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52308403 and 52079068)the Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering(No.104023005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731998)for funding provided to this work.
文摘The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few decades.The objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS measurement.It starts with elaborating the theories of these test methods.Then the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing methods.Next,the method selection for UCS measurement is recommended.It reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure mode.The trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal test.Two size correction methods are commonly used.One is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen size.The other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction factor.Three to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of rocks.The selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen size.The engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.
文摘This paper introduces a kind of substitute bench testing method for vehicle application development and testing method of the test requirements,including battery fast conversion cycle test equipment,enter type incubator,liquid-cooled machine and ancillary equipment composed of a set of test system,through the walk-in constant temperature box to simulate the new energy vehicles under different environmental conditions of the test requirements,Liquid-cooled machine and auxiliary parts to complete the battery thermal management system need cooling fluid conditions,the battery conversion cycle test equipment to simulate the dc fast charging way of filling pile,complete battery thermal management system test,shorten the filling fast charging time and improve battery fast charge security,for troubleshooting and data collection and analysis,Improve work efficiency,save costs,and eliminate customer anxiety about battery life and charging time.
文摘The rapid progress in the construction of heavy-haul and high-speed railways has led to a surge in rail defects and unforeseen failures.Addressing this issue necessitates the implementation of more sophisticated rail inspection methods,specifically involving real-time,precise detection,and assessment of rail defects.Current applications fail to address the evolving requirements,prompting the need for advancements.This paper provides a summary of various types of rail defects and outlines both traditional and innovative non-destructive inspection techniques,examining their fundamental features,benefits,drawbacks,and practical suitability for railway track inspection.It also explores potential enhancements to equipment and software.The comprehensive review draws upon pertinent international research and review papers.Furthermore,the paper introduces a fusion of inspection methods aimed at enhancing the overall reliability of defect detection.
基金supported by the“National Ocean Technology Center Innovation Fund”under Project No.N3220Z002,led by Ning Jia.The official website of the National Ocean Technology Center is accessible at:http://www.notcsoa.org.cn/.
文摘With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42225206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207180,42477209,42302320).
文摘Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U24A2088 and 42277174)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2024JCCXSB01).
文摘During fully mechanized caving mining of thick coal seams,a large amount of strain energy accumulates in the roof,especially when the roof is thick and hard,making it difficultfor the roof to collapse naturally.When the roof eventually collapses,the accumulated energy is released instantaneously,exerting a strong impact on the roadway.To address this issue,we proposed the synergistic control method of directional comprehensive pressure relief and energy-absorbing support(PREA)for roadways with hard roofs.In this study,we developed a three-dimensional physical model test apparatus for roof cutting and pressure relief.The 122108 ventilation roadway at the Caojiatan Coal Mine,which has a thick and hard roof,was taken as the engineering example.We analyzed the evolution patterns of stress and displacement in both the stope and the roadway surrounding rocks under different schemes.The PREA reinforcement mechanism for the roadway was investigated through comparative model tests between the new and original methods.The results showed that,compared to the original method,the new method reduced surrounding rock stress by up to 60.4%,and the roadway convergence decreased by up to 52.1%.Based on these results,we proposed corresponding engineering recommendations,which can guide fieldreinforcement design and application.The results demonstrate that the PREA method effectively reduces stress and ensures the safety and stability of the roadway.
基金Hubei Provincial Medical Institutions at all levels of basic drugs and drug bridging support policy projectsResearch on the Integrated Development of Disease Prevention and Control and Medical Services in the XPCC under the Background of Healthy China (Grant No. BTJKJ2024003)。
文摘The purpose of this study is to evaluate the price and composition of blood glucose meters and blood glucose test papers in Hubei Province,so as to improve the affordability of blood glucose monitoring for diabetes patients.Using the standard survey method jointly developed by the World Health Organization(WHO)and Health Action International(HAI)for drug price composition analysis,central level data was collected through literature review,policy review,and interviews with key informants.Field research was conducted in Wuhan and Yichang to trace price data at various levels of the supply chain.At the central level,data shows that China has implemented multiple policies related to the management and pricing of blood glucose meters and test strips,but has not yet introduced price restrictions for blood glucose meters and test strips;At the supply chain level,data shows that the price composition of blood glucose meters and test strips in Hubei Province is mainly composed of manufacturer prices and retail markups,followed by supply chain taxes and wholesale markups.It can be seen from this that China has established a comprehensive medical device registration,sales,quality control and management standard system through a series of policies.At present,China has not issued price policies for blood glucose meters and blood glucose test papers.Therefore,we can reduce product prices by including medical insurance,government subsidies,competitive bidding,and reducing supply chain taxes,thus improving the affordability of blood glucose monitoring for diabetes patients.
文摘Plant roots are widely known to provide mechanical reinforcement to soils against shearing and further increase slope stability.However,whether roots provide reinforcement to loess cyclic re-sistance and how various factors affect roots reinforcement during seismic loading have rarely been studied.The objective is to conduct a series of cyclic direct simple shear tests and DEM numerical simulation to investigate the cyclic behaviour of rooted loess.The effects of initial static shear stress and loading frequency on the cyclic resistance of root-soil composites were first investigated.After that,cyclic direct simple shear simulations at constant volume were carried out based on the discrete element method(PFC^(3D))to investigate the effects of root geome-try,mechanical traits and root-soil bond strength on the cyclic strength of rooted loess.It was discovered that the roots could effectively improve the cyclic resistance of loess.The cyclic resistance of the root-soil composite decreases with the increase of the initial shear stress,then increases,and improves with the increase of the frequency.The simulation result show that increases in root elastic modulus and root-soil interfacial bond strength can all enhance the cyclic resistance of root-soil composites,and the maximum cyclic resistance of the root-soil composite was obtained when the initial inclination angle of the root system was 90°.
文摘Based on ground observation data of relative humidity,the prediction performance of STNF and MIFS in each competition area during February 13-26,2024 was tested and evaluated by using two intelligent forecasting methods(STNF and MIFS).The results show that STNF had better performance in forecasting relative humidity in high-altitude areas,and was suitable for fine forecasting under complex terrain.MIFS improved the short-term forecast of some low-altitude stations,but the long-term reliability was insufficient.STNF method performed better than MIFS during 0-24 h.As the prediction time extended to 24-72 h,the errors of both methods showed a systematic increase trend.STNF had higher precision,lower root mean square error and smaller mean error in most regions under the background of most weather systems,showing its superiority as a forecasting method of relative humidity.However,the precision of MIFS was slightly higher than that of STNF in Liangcheng without system background,revealing that MIFS may also be an effective option in some specific conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.42307555).
文摘At present,there is currently a lack of unified standard methods for the determination of antimony content in groundwater in China.The precision and trueness of related detection technologies have not yet been systematically and quantitatively evaluated,which limits the effective implementation of environmental monitoring.In response to this key technical gap,this study aimed to establish a standardized method for determining antimony in groundwater using Hydride Generation–Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry(HG-AFS).Ten laboratories participated in inter-laboratory collaborative tests,and the statistical analysis of the test data was carried out in strict accordance with the technical specifications of GB/T 6379.2—2004 and GB/T 6379.4—2006.The consistency and outliers of the data were tested by Mandel's h and k statistics,the Grubbs test and the Cochran test,and the outliers were removed to optimize the data,thereby significantly improving the reliability and accuracy.Based on the optimized data,parameters such as the repeatability limit(r),reproducibility limit(R),and method bias value(δ)were determined,and the trueness of the method was statistically evaluated.At the same time,precision-function relationships were established,and all results met the requirements.The results show that the lower the antimony content,the lower the repeatability limit(r)and reproducibility limit(R),indicating that the measurement error mainly originates from the detection limit of the method and instrument sensitivity.Therefore,improving the instrument sensitivity and reducing the detection limit are the keys to controlling the analytical error and improving precision.This study provides reliable data support and a solid technical foundation for the establishment and evaluation of standardized methods for the determination of antimony content in groundwater.
基金funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia via the FAMA project (research topic “Physics and chemistry with ion beams”)。
文摘Without knowing the emittance value, it is difficult to optimize ion beam optics for minimum beam loss during transmission, especially considering the very high emittance values of electron cyclotron resonance(ECR) ion sources.With this in mind, to measure the emittance of the ion beams produced by the mVINIS ECR, which is part of the FAMA facility at the Vin?a Institute of Nuclear Sciences, we have developed a pepper-pot scintillator screen system combined with a CMOS camera. The application, developed on the Lab VIEW platform, allows us to control the camera's main attribute settings, such as the shutter speed and the gain, record the images in the region of interest, and process and filter the images in real time. To analyze the data from the obtained image, we have developed an algorithm called measurement and analysis of ion beam luminosity(MAIBL) to reconstruct the four-dimensional(4D) beam profile and calculate the root mean square(RMS) emittance. Before measuring emittance, we performed a simulated experiment using the pepper-pot simulation(PPS) program. An exported file(PPS) gives a numerically generated raw image(mock image) of a beam with a predefined emittance value after it has passed through a pepper-pot mask. By analyzing data from mock images instead of the image obtained by the camera and putting it into the MAIBL algorithm, we can compare the calculated emittance with PPS's initial emittance value. In this paper, we present our computational tools and explain the method for verifying the correctness of the calculated emittance values.
文摘The early involvement of test and evaluation can significantly reduce the cost of modifying issues and errors found in the later stages of aircraft development and design process.This paper presents a methodology for aircraft mission effectiveness evaluation and design space exploration based on Virtual Operational Test(VOT),incorporating Virtual Open Scenario(VOS)and User in Scenarios(UIS)concepts.By employing modeling and simulation technologies in the early stages of aircraft development and design,a virtual environment can be constructed,allowing aircraft users to participate more closely and conveniently in the design process.Virtual tests conducted by users within the mission context provide data on mission effectiveness and critical user feedback.This paper outlines the main components of the virtual operational test process and related conceptual methods,and discusses an open support system framework that supports VOT.The effectiveness and adaptability of the method are demonstrated through two case studies:a beyond-visual-range air combat scenario and a helicopter ground attack scenario.These case studies demonstrate the evaluation of aircraft mission effectiveness and the sensitivity analysis and optimization of design and operational parameters based on VOT.
文摘T he residual stray magnetic fields present in ferromagnetic casting slabs were investigated in this work,which result from the magnetic fields generated during the steel casting process.Existing optical detection methods face challenges owing to surface oxide scales,and conventional high-precision magnetic sensors are ineffective at high temperatures.To overcome these limitations,a small coil sensor was employed to measure the residual magnetism strength in oscillation traces,using metal magnetic memory and electromagnetic induction methods,which can carry out detection without an external excitation source.Using this technology,the proposed scheme successfully detects defects at high tempe-ratures(up to 670℃)without a cooling device.The key findings include the ability to detect both surface and near-surface defects,such as cracks and oscillation marks,with an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of 7.2 dB after signal processing.The method’s practicality was validated in a steel mill environment,where testing on casting slabs effectively detected defects,providing a foundation for improving industrial quality control.The proposed detection scheme offers a significant advancement in nondestructive testing(NDT)for high-temperature applications,contributing to more efficient and accurate monitoring of ferromagnetic material integrity.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2600600,2021YFB2600601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52408456)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720533)College Students’Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program(No.202410710009)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2024SF-YBXM-659).
文摘Shaking table tests are widely used to evaluate seismic effects on railway structures,but accurately measuring rail displacement remains a significant challenge owing to the nonlinear characteristics of large displacements,ambient noise interference,and limitations in displacement meter installation.In this paper,a novel method that integrates the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi(KLT)feature tracker with an extended Kalman filter(EKF)is presented for measuring rail displacement during shaking table tests.The method employs KLT feature tracker and a random sample consensus algorithm to extract and track key feature points,while EKF optimally estimates dynamic states by accounting for system noise and observation errors.Shaking table test results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an acceleration root mean square error of 0.300 m/s^(2)and a correlation with accelerometer data exceeding 99.7%,significantly outper-forming the original KLT approach.This innovative method provides a more efficient and reliable solution for measuring rail displacement under large nonlinear vibrations.
基金Project(52108361)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(BK20231217,BK20220265)supported by the Basic Research Program of Jiangsu Province,China+5 种基金Project(sklhse-KF-2025-D-02)supported by the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,ChinaProject(2023ZB15)supported by the Independent Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science,ChinaProject(SKLGME023001)supported by the Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety,the Chinese Academy of SciencesProject(2025A04J3992)supported by the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of the Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau,ChinaProject(SKLGP2022Z015)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project,ChinaProjects(2023YFS0436,2024NSFSC1715)supported by the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province,China。
文摘Steep bedding slopes are widely distributed in Southwestern China’s mountainous regions and have complex seismic responses and instability risks,causing casualties and property losses.Considering the high-seismic-intensity environment,the dynamic failure evolution and instability mechanism of high-steep bedding slopes are simulated via the discrete element method and shaking table test.The dynamic response characteristics and cumulative failure effects of slopes subjected to continuous ground motion are investigated.The results show that the dynamic response characteristics of slopes under continuous earthquakes are influenced by geological and topographic conditions.Elevation has a distinct impact on both the slope interior and surface,with amplification effects more pronounced on the surface.The weak interlayers have different influences on the dynamic amplification effect of slopes.Weak interlayers have dynamic magnification effects on the slope surface at relative elevations of 0-0.33 and 0.82-1.0 but have weakening effects between 0.33 and 0.82.Moreover,the weak interlayers also have controlling effects on the dynamic instability mode of slopes.The characteristics of intergranular contact failure,fracture propagation,and displacement distribution are analyzed to reveal the dynamic failure evolution and instability mechanism through the discrete-element model.The dynamic instability process of slopes includes three stages:fracture initiation(0-0.2g),fracture expansion(0.2g-0.3g),and sliding instability(0.3g-0.6g).This work can provide a valuable reference for the seismic stability and reinforcement of complex slopes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52300086 and 52025103)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230215).
文摘Electric desalting wastewater(EDW)is one of the petrochemical wastewater generated in the production process of petrochemical industry,due to the instability of its water quality,the traditional wastewater treatment technology is complex,high energy consumption,and will produce waste causing secondary pollution,posing challenges in terms of environmental protection,technology,and economy.This study utilized an on-site test to investigate the possibility of a new short-process physical method to replace traditional electro-chemical,oil-separation,and two-stage air floating physical chemistry processes,in response to optimizing the treatment effect,thus reducing the cost of treatment and carbon emissions.Following this test,this new short-flow physical method process could improve the efficiency of oil and suspend solid(SS)removal by 15.48%and 58.72%,and providing 78.37%and 75.55%the operating costs and carbon emissions savings,respectively.This system also reduced the production of waste solids,volatile organic compounds,and other three-waste compared with the traditional process.These benefits offer environmental and economic advantages,and this process serves as an efficient strategy to treat wastewater for electric desalination,and can be served as a completely new technological and process option for the treatment of EDW.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174461Capacity Enhancement Program of Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.XYZX0201-22Science and Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.CI2021A01811.
文摘BACKGROUND There is a lack of integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment regimens supported by high-level evidence-based medicine in the maintenance therapy phase of metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).Based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory of“Yin tumor”,we believe that“Yang does not transform Yin,and it is blocked in the intestines”is the core pathogenesis of mCRC.Based on the basic treatment principle of“warming Yang and dredging intestines”,we developed the Quxie Capsule.Previous randomized controlled clinical trials demonstrated that the Quxie Capsule can significantly prolong the overall survival of patients with mCRC,but it remains to be verified whether the combination of the“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”prescription with Western medicine standard regimen can prolong the efficacy and safety of the mCRC during the period of maintenance therapy.AIM To confirm and clinically validate that the combination of“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”prescription with Western medicine standard regimen can prolong progression-free survival(PFS)during maintenance treatment of mCRC.The safety of“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”prescription is also assessed.METHODS The study has a prospective,open-label,randomized,controlled study design.Patients have been recruited beginning November 2023 from Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The study period is from March 2024 to March 2026.After screening in outpatient clinics or wards,subjects who met the inclusion criteria are randomized into the treatment or control group in a 2:1 ratio.The treatment group receives the“warming Yang and dredging intestines method”formula combined with Western standard maintenance therapy.The control group receives Western standard maintenance therapy formulated by the investigators based on the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines for colorectal cancer.All participants receive treatment until the occurrence of disease progression,death,or unmanageable adverse effects,with post-treatment monitoring continued until mortality.An independent panel of chief physicians with extensive clinical experience evaluates the progression of the disease.RESULTS This study aims to clarify whether the combination of warming Yang and dredging intestines method formula with standard Western medicine regimens can prolong PFS during maintenance therapy for mCRC and whether the treatment has a favorable safety profile.The goal is to provide a combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment option for clinical physicians and mCRC patients.Notably,with the actual sample size,this study has an 80%probability of detecting a significant difference if a true difference exists.Small sample sizes may lead to increased instability of the results of subgroup analyses,and may also result in findings that are only applicable to patients with characteristics highly similar to those of the present study population(e.g.,specific genotypes,therapeutic backgrounds,etc.),making it difficult to generalize to the broader mCRC population.In the future,it may be possible to expand the sample size based on this study to further validate the efficacy and safety of combining Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of mCRC.Basic research on the therapeutic combination of warming Yang and dredging intestines method formula and standard Western regimen will be performed in parallel.CONCLUSION This study aims to clarify whether the combination of warming Yang and dredging intestines method formula with standard Western medicine regimens can prolong PFS during maintenance therapy for mCRC and whether the treatment has a favorable safety profile.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2020BFG03007).
文摘Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.,a traditional aromatic edible plant from Lamiaceae,is widely used as food additive,food condiment,spice,and herbal teas.Polyphenol-rich fraction of T.quinquecostatus(PRF)has been proven to be effective protective effect for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI)in our previous study.In this study,we developed a novel“Gut flora-Compound-Target-Pathway”(GCTP)network based on network pharmacology coupled with gastrointestinal metabolism for screening bio-active components,key targets and gut floras through the classical technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).This compensates for the lack of gut floras and gastrointestinal metabolism in network pharmacology.Firstly,four incubation models covering simulated gastric juice,simulated intestinal juice,gut floras of normal and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(tMCAO)rat in vitro were applied to PRF.The 109 proto-components and 64 metabolites were elucidated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography Q exactive orbitrap-mass spectrometry(UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS).Then,the key targets of matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP9),prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2),tyrosine-protein kinase fyn(FYN),estrogen receptor 1(ESR1),amyloid precursor protein(APP),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),and gut floras of Enterococcus avium LY1 were selected.Moreover,the selected key proto components were rosmarinic acid,daidzein,quercetin,luteolin,apigenin,methyl rosmarinate,kaempferol,luteoloside,and caffeic acid,and the key metabolites were isokaempferide,isorhamnetin,isoquercetin,and mangiferin.Binding of compounds to the key proteins was analyzed by molecular docking,and also verified though an 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride(AAPH)induced oxidative stress zebrafish model and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)assays.This study provides a new idea and a better understanding of PRF for its protective effects on CIRI and its underlying mechanisms.
