China has built 22 optical cable trunks, 20 digital microwave trunks and 20 medium-to-large satellite earth stations during the eighth Five-year Plan, thus creating a favorable condition for the development of China’...China has built 22 optical cable trunks, 20 digital microwave trunks and 20 medium-to-large satellite earth stations during the eighth Five-year Plan, thus creating a favorable condition for the development of China’s data telecommunications and value-added business. China’s public data telecommunications, networks have become the main stream for the country’s information transmission through several years of rapid development. China’s public packet switching data network (China Pac), its network capacity increasing to over 60,000 terminals, now covers more than 600 cities, and is interconnected with 44 packet networks of 23 countries and regions. China’s展开更多
In this paper, according to the practical condition of local fixed telecom network, based on the method of the realistic total element long-run incremental cost, the practical methods of dividing the network elements,...In this paper, according to the practical condition of local fixed telecom network, based on the method of the realistic total element long-run incremental cost, the practical methods of dividing the network elements, calculating the cost of network elements and services are given, to provide reference for the cost calculation in telecom industry.展开更多
The Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)has faced serious problems after years of rapid development.The model of three-dimensional IP-based MAN,proposed by ZTE,is a next-generation MAN solution,which not only solves the exi...The Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)has faced serious problems after years of rapid development.The model of three-dimensional IP-based MAN,proposed by ZTE,is a next-generation MAN solution,which not only solves the existing problems but also brings new ideas for the development of next-generation MAN.展开更多
The advent of the Next Generation Network(NGN),a new service-driven network,urges the telecom service operators to consider transforming from single-service providers to full-service providers.During the transformatio...The advent of the Next Generation Network(NGN),a new service-driven network,urges the telecom service operators to consider transforming from single-service providers to full-service providers.During the transformation,they should be concerned about the network user number and the network quality as well as the value added network information.The low threshold for service provision brings a new breed of service providers,which impacts upon the current regulation policy.To adapt to the development of the NGN,it is a necessity to improve the regulation policy in terms of service operators management,user management,Quality of Service(QoS)assurance,service monitoring,charging,and settlement.Meanwhile,regulatory authorities should establish a new body as quickly as possible to meet the trend of the NGN convergence.The new regulatory body would be responsible for regulating operators who will be awarded full-service licenses,and managing new service providers effectively to guarantee the user’s interests.展开更多
The German Postal Reform I in 1989 introduced competition in the mobile cellular market. German cellular operators, DeTeMobil, Mannesmann, E-Plus and VIAG Interkom, built D1-, D2-, E1-and E2-Netze based on GSM standar...The German Postal Reform I in 1989 introduced competition in the mobile cellular market. German cellular operators, DeTeMobil, Mannesmann, E-Plus and VIAG Interkom, built D1-, D2-, E1-and E2-Netze based on GSM standards made in Europe. China Unicom was created in 1994 and China Telecom was separated from MPT in 1995. China Telecom and China Unicom competed in a duopoly from the mid-1990s onwards and the cellular services provided by them also rely on GSM standards. China Telecom additionally deployed XLT technology (PHS) from the late 1990s onwards. While DeTeMobil and Mannesmann conquered approximately 80%-90% of the market throughout the 1990s and were the two dominant market players in Germany, China’s cellular market was mainly controlled by China Mobile. In Germany, prices related to cellular technology continued the downwards trend as a major result of the process of deregulation, liberalisation and competition. In China, price wars had led to significant price reductions in the cellular market. Although network operators in both countries strived to deliver differentiated cellular services, the two national markets in the 1990s were visibly shaped by product homogeneity.展开更多
The German Postal Reform I in 1989 introduced competition in the mobile cellular market. German cellular operators, DeTeMobil, Mannesmann, E-Plus and VIAG Interkom, built D1-, D2-, E1-and E2-Netze based on GSM standar...The German Postal Reform I in 1989 introduced competition in the mobile cellular market. German cellular operators, DeTeMobil, Mannesmann, E-Plus and VIAG Interkom, built D1-, D2-, E1-and E2-Netze based on GSM standards made in Europe. China Unicom was created in 1994 and China Telecom was separated from MPT in 1995. China Telecom and China Unicom competed in a duopoly from the mid-1990s onwards and the cellular services provided by them also rely on GSM standards. China Telecom additionally deployed XLT technology (PHS) from the late 1990s onwards. While DeTeMobil and Mannesmann conquered approximately 80%-90% of the market throughout the 1990s and were the two dominant market players in Germany, China's cellular market was mainly controlled by China Mobile. In Germany, prices related to cellular technology continued the downwards trend as a major result of the process of deregulation, liberalisation and competition. In China, price wars had led to significant price reductions in the cellular market. Although network operators in both countries strived to deliver differentiated cellular services, the two national markets in the 1990s were visibly shaped by product homogeneity.展开更多
文摘China has built 22 optical cable trunks, 20 digital microwave trunks and 20 medium-to-large satellite earth stations during the eighth Five-year Plan, thus creating a favorable condition for the development of China’s data telecommunications and value-added business. China’s public data telecommunications, networks have become the main stream for the country’s information transmission through several years of rapid development. China’s public packet switching data network (China Pac), its network capacity increasing to over 60,000 terminals, now covers more than 600 cities, and is interconnected with 44 packet networks of 23 countries and regions. China’s
文摘In this paper, according to the practical condition of local fixed telecom network, based on the method of the realistic total element long-run incremental cost, the practical methods of dividing the network elements, calculating the cost of network elements and services are given, to provide reference for the cost calculation in telecom industry.
文摘The Metropolitan Area Network(MAN)has faced serious problems after years of rapid development.The model of three-dimensional IP-based MAN,proposed by ZTE,is a next-generation MAN solution,which not only solves the existing problems but also brings new ideas for the development of next-generation MAN.
文摘The advent of the Next Generation Network(NGN),a new service-driven network,urges the telecom service operators to consider transforming from single-service providers to full-service providers.During the transformation,they should be concerned about the network user number and the network quality as well as the value added network information.The low threshold for service provision brings a new breed of service providers,which impacts upon the current regulation policy.To adapt to the development of the NGN,it is a necessity to improve the regulation policy in terms of service operators management,user management,Quality of Service(QoS)assurance,service monitoring,charging,and settlement.Meanwhile,regulatory authorities should establish a new body as quickly as possible to meet the trend of the NGN convergence.The new regulatory body would be responsible for regulating operators who will be awarded full-service licenses,and managing new service providers effectively to guarantee the user’s interests.
文摘The German Postal Reform I in 1989 introduced competition in the mobile cellular market. German cellular operators, DeTeMobil, Mannesmann, E-Plus and VIAG Interkom, built D1-, D2-, E1-and E2-Netze based on GSM standards made in Europe. China Unicom was created in 1994 and China Telecom was separated from MPT in 1995. China Telecom and China Unicom competed in a duopoly from the mid-1990s onwards and the cellular services provided by them also rely on GSM standards. China Telecom additionally deployed XLT technology (PHS) from the late 1990s onwards. While DeTeMobil and Mannesmann conquered approximately 80%-90% of the market throughout the 1990s and were the two dominant market players in Germany, China’s cellular market was mainly controlled by China Mobile. In Germany, prices related to cellular technology continued the downwards trend as a major result of the process of deregulation, liberalisation and competition. In China, price wars had led to significant price reductions in the cellular market. Although network operators in both countries strived to deliver differentiated cellular services, the two national markets in the 1990s were visibly shaped by product homogeneity.
文摘The German Postal Reform I in 1989 introduced competition in the mobile cellular market. German cellular operators, DeTeMobil, Mannesmann, E-Plus and VIAG Interkom, built D1-, D2-, E1-and E2-Netze based on GSM standards made in Europe. China Unicom was created in 1994 and China Telecom was separated from MPT in 1995. China Telecom and China Unicom competed in a duopoly from the mid-1990s onwards and the cellular services provided by them also rely on GSM standards. China Telecom additionally deployed XLT technology (PHS) from the late 1990s onwards. While DeTeMobil and Mannesmann conquered approximately 80%-90% of the market throughout the 1990s and were the two dominant market players in Germany, China's cellular market was mainly controlled by China Mobile. In Germany, prices related to cellular technology continued the downwards trend as a major result of the process of deregulation, liberalisation and competition. In China, price wars had led to significant price reductions in the cellular market. Although network operators in both countries strived to deliver differentiated cellular services, the two national markets in the 1990s were visibly shaped by product homogeneity.
