Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature.This is due,in part,to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected—sometimes ...Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature.This is due,in part,to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected—sometimes used synonymously—concepts of interpretability and explainability.We assert that transparency is the overarching concept,with the tenets of interpretability,explainability,and predictability subordinate.We draw on a portfolio of definitions for each of these distinct concepts to propose a human-swarm-teaming transparency and trust architecture(HST3-Architecture).The architecture reinforces transparency as a key contributor towards situation awareness,and consequently as an enabler for effective trustworthy human-swarm teaming(HST).展开更多
Your hometown is often a special place.It can be big or small.And it usually has an important place in your life and heart.You may not live there anymore.But you remember it well.Maybe you have warm feelings for your ...Your hometown is often a special place.It can be big or small.And it usually has an important place in your life and heart.You may not live there anymore.But you remember it well.Maybe you have warm feelings for your school,your friends and your neighbors there.You remember special places and fun times.There may be interesting museums or great sports teams in your hometown.You can tell people about them.展开更多
The final and award ceremony of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025 were held in Qingdao on November 22-23.The competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for...The final and award ceremony of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025 were held in Qingdao on November 22-23.The competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for participating in the standardization undertaking.The competition followed the mode of“the industry puts forward questions,and the academia provides solutions”.Shandong Port Group Co.,Ltd.,Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Ltd.(CATL),Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.,and Beijing Zhongbiaolvjian Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.set up themed tracks respectively,and competitors developed standard proposals for the corresponding themes.展开更多
The Luang Prabang Maintenance Management Center of the ChinaLaos Railway is still brightly lit late into the night.Zhao Renjie,director of power supply,is overseeing catenary maintenance with steady concentration.Next...The Luang Prabang Maintenance Management Center of the ChinaLaos Railway is still brightly lit late into the night.Zhao Renjie,director of power supply,is overseeing catenary maintenance with steady concentration.Next to him are Lao team leader Phouthong and his apprentice,catenary worker Khang Meng.Their busy figures form a routine yet vivid snapshot of therailway's daily operations.展开更多
Faculty development serves as a critical foundation for ensuring the quality of higher education.To meet the needs of cultivating specialized software talents and promoting teaching reform,it is particularly crucial t...Faculty development serves as a critical foundation for ensuring the quality of higher education.To meet the needs of cultivating specialized software talents and promoting teaching reform,it is particularly crucial to build a faculty team with knowledge in industry application fields and experience in domestic software development.This paper first analyzes the new requirements for the faculty imposed by the cultivation of specialized software talents and the existing problems in the current faculty.Then,in response to these issues,it introduces the reforms and explorations carried out by the School of Software Engineering at Beijing Jiaotong University in the construction of the faculty for cultivating specialized software talents.The aim is to build a high-caliber and diversified faculty that boasts strong political qualities,interdisciplinary integration,complementary advantages between full-time and part-time faculty,and in-depth integration of industry and education.展开更多
TEAM CHINA中国国家队特许上海旗舰店位于新晋潮流街区永源路。项目在当代语境中诠释体育精神,将国家队的热血与荣耀同上海的城市脉动紧密相连,让空间化身为体育文化与都市生活交融的场所。从国家队的品牌视觉资产出发,设计师提炼并塑...TEAM CHINA中国国家队特许上海旗舰店位于新晋潮流街区永源路。项目在当代语境中诠释体育精神,将国家队的热血与荣耀同上海的城市脉动紧密相连,让空间化身为体育文化与都市生活交融的场所。从国家队的品牌视觉资产出发,设计师提炼并塑造出“红色能量带”这一空间符号。灵感源自延绵的赛道、律动的心率和竞技体育的起伏征程。这条“红带”从街区延伸至店内,在空间中自然流淌,它既是展览装置,又是陈列载体,构建出空间的视觉主线与动线导引。展开更多
On October 22, the China Institute of Strategy and Management and the U.S. Brookings Institution jointly held the China-U.S. Strategic Forum on Clean Energy Cooperation. At the opening session of the forum, Zheng Biji...On October 22, the China Institute of Strategy and Management and the U.S. Brookings Institution jointly held the China-U.S. Strategic Forum on Clean Energy Cooperation. At the opening session of the forum, Zheng Bijian, Chairman of the China Institute of Strategy and Management, gave a keynote speech. Edited excerpts follow:展开更多
In the field of autonomous robots,achieving complete precision is challenging,underscoring the need for human intervention,particularly in ensuring safety.Human Autonomy Teaming(HAT)is crucial for promoting safe and e...In the field of autonomous robots,achieving complete precision is challenging,underscoring the need for human intervention,particularly in ensuring safety.Human Autonomy Teaming(HAT)is crucial for promoting safe and efficient human-robot collaboration in dynamic indoor environments.This paper introduces a framework designed to address these precision gaps,enhancing safety and robotic interactions within such settings.Central to our approach is a hybrid graph system that integrates the Generalized Voronoi Diagram(GVD)with spatio-temporal graphs,effectively combining human feedback,environmental factors,and key waypoints.An integral component of this system is the improved Node Selection Algorithm(iNSA),which utilizes the revised Grey Wolf Optimization(rGWO)for better adaptability and performance.Furthermore,an obstacle tracking model is employed to provide predictive data,enhancing the efficiency of the system.Human insights play a critical role,from supplying initial environmental data and determining key waypoints to intervening during unexpected challenges or dynamic environmental changes.Extensive simulation and comparison tests confirm the reliability and effectiveness of our proposed model,highlighting its unique advantages in the domain of HAT.This comprehensive approach ensures that the system remains robust and responsive to the complexities of real-world applications.展开更多
In recent years,large vision-language models(VLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in cross-modal understanding and generation.However,the safety issues arising from their multimodal interactions become promine...In recent years,large vision-language models(VLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in cross-modal understanding and generation.However,the safety issues arising from their multimodal interactions become prominent.VLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks,where attackers craft carefully designed prompts to bypass safety mechanisms,leading them to generate harmful content.To address this,we investigate the alignment between visual inputs and task execution,uncovering locality defects and attention biases in VLMs.Based on these findings,we propose VOTI,a novel jailbreak framework leveraging visual obfuscation and task induction.VOTI subtly embeds malicious keywords within neutral image layouts to evade detection,and breaks down harmful queries into a sequence of subtasks.This approach disperses malicious intent across modalities,exploiting VLMs’over-reliance on local visual cues and their fragility in multi-step reasoning to bypass global safety mechanisms.Implemented as an automated framework,VOTI integrates large language models as red-team assistants to generate and iteratively optimize jailbreak strategies.Extensive experiments across seven mainstream VLMs demonstrate VOTI’s effectiveness,achieving a 73.46%attack success rate on GPT-4o-mini.These results reveal critical vulnerabilities in VLMs,highlighting the urgent need for improving robust defenses and multimodal alignment.展开更多
Objective:Interpersonal brain synchronization(IBS)has emerged as a significant concept in understanding collaborative team dynamics,with functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)proving to be a vital tool in its as...Objective:Interpersonal brain synchronization(IBS)has emerged as a significant concept in understanding collaborative team dynamics,with functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)proving to be a vital tool in its assessment.This review aims to collate and analyze the literature on the application of fNIRS in various team settings,emphasizing its potential utility in surgical environments.Methods:A thorough search and screening process across multiple databases resulted in 17 studies being reviewed,with a focus on the utilization of fNIRS to measure IBS in different collaborative tasks.This review examined the tasks employed,participant demographics,organizational structures of teams,methodologies for IBS measurement,and correlations between brain synchronization and behavioral measurements.Results:fNIRS emerged as a non-invasive,cost-effective,and portable tool,predominantly used to assess IBS in pair-based tasks with a variety of participant demographics.Wavelet transform coherence was the primary method used for measuring synchronization,particularly in the prefrontal brain region.A consistent correlation was found between increased brain synchronization and enhanced team performance,underscoring the potential of fNIRS in understanding and optimizing team dynamics.Conclusion:This review establishes fNIRS as a promising tool for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying team cooperation,providing invaluable insights for potential applications in surgical settings.While acknowledging the limitations in the current literature,the review highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes and varied task complexities to solidify the understanding of IBS and its impact on team performance.The ultimate goal is to leverage fNIRS in assessing and improving surgical team dynamics,contributing to improved patient outcomes and safety.展开更多
SUMMARIES OF TOP NEWS STORIES CHINA-CAMEROON Free Health Services to School A Chinese medical team working in Cameroon on 4 April provided free health care services to a primary school in Mbalmayo.The services,includi...SUMMARIES OF TOP NEWS STORIES CHINA-CAMEROON Free Health Services to School A Chinese medical team working in Cameroon on 4 April provided free health care services to a primary school in Mbalmayo.The services,including dental checks,health counselling,and a lecture on infectious disease prevention,benefitted over 80 students and teachers of the school.展开更多
This article comments on the research by Zhang et al on the role of advanced heart failure and transplant teams in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)management.The study by Zhang et al indicates that direct adv...This article comments on the research by Zhang et al on the role of advanced heart failure and transplant teams in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)management.The study by Zhang et al indicates that direct advanced heart failure and transplant involvement improves survival in ECMO patients,especially those on veno-arterial ECMO.However,the optimal approach varies due to multiple factors.This article discusses the clinical implications,research design limitations,and future directions to enhance ECMO care.展开更多
Sometimes chemistry doesn’t just make new molecules-it overturns old assumptions.For 140 years,drugmakers have accepted that transforming aromatic amines-a very important reaction for building drug molecules-means li...Sometimes chemistry doesn’t just make new molecules-it overturns old assumptions.For 140 years,drugmakers have accepted that transforming aromatic amines-a very important reaction for building drug molecules-means living with explosive risks.The danger was considered unavoidable,the tradeoff permanent-until a team in Hangzhou proved otherwise.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Its global incidence increases annually,with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages.D...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Its global incidence increases annually,with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages.Despite substantial advancements in chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immune therapy,and targeted therapy,surgical treatment remains the mainstay for CRC management.Particularly,surgery is most effective for managing early-stage and locally advanced cancers.CRC surgery has evolved from conventional subtractive surgery to modern minimally invasive and precision-based techniques.Additionally,CRC treatment strategies have expanded from a single surgical therapy to a multimodal integrated system encompassing endoscopic therapy,perioperative therapy,molecular targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.This review elucidates the evolution of CRC surgical treatment,describing its transition from early palliative surgery to radical surgery,and,finally,to functional surgery,minimally invasive surgical techniques,and personalized treatment.It reflects the transformation in CRC treatment from simplistic to complex,from generalized to precise,and from singular to comprehensive techniques,providing a holistic perspective on advancements in CRC surgical treatment.展开更多
Frailty fractures of the pelvis,particularly isolated pubic ramus fractures,are often perceived as benign,especially in elderly patients.However,this perception can obscure the risk of delayed hemorrhage from occult v...Frailty fractures of the pelvis,particularly isolated pubic ramus fractures,are often perceived as benign,especially in elderly patients.However,this perception can obscure the risk of delayed hemorrhage from occult vascular injuries.Clinical deterioration is frequently subtle,with signs like fatigue or confusion mis-attributed to baseline status.In frail patients,these injuries may rapidly evolve into life-threatening scenarios.Conservative management,while standard,may be insufficient when vascular frailty or anticoagulation are present.Early clinical suspicion,serial hemoglobin checks,and multidisciplinary involvement are crucial.A dynamic assessment model that incorporates frailty,comorbidities,and physiological reserve alongside radiographic findings can better guide inter-vention and monitoring.Clinicians must lower the threshold for advanced imaging,such as computed tomography angiography,and consider early vascular consultation even in seemingly stable cases.Adopting a holistic,risk-based approach can mitigate complications and improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.展开更多
基金United States Office of Naval Research-Global(ONR-G)(N629091812140)。
文摘Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature.This is due,in part,to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected—sometimes used synonymously—concepts of interpretability and explainability.We assert that transparency is the overarching concept,with the tenets of interpretability,explainability,and predictability subordinate.We draw on a portfolio of definitions for each of these distinct concepts to propose a human-swarm-teaming transparency and trust architecture(HST3-Architecture).The architecture reinforces transparency as a key contributor towards situation awareness,and consequently as an enabler for effective trustworthy human-swarm teaming(HST).
文摘Your hometown is often a special place.It can be big or small.And it usually has an important place in your life and heart.You may not live there anymore.But you remember it well.Maybe you have warm feelings for your school,your friends and your neighbors there.You remember special places and fun times.There may be interesting museums or great sports teams in your hometown.You can tell people about them.
文摘The final and award ceremony of the International Standardization Youth Star Competition 2025 were held in Qingdao on November 22-23.The competition attracted 236 teams nationwide who demonstrated great enthusiasm for participating in the standardization undertaking.The competition followed the mode of“the industry puts forward questions,and the academia provides solutions”.Shandong Port Group Co.,Ltd.,Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.,Ltd.(CATL),Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.,and Beijing Zhongbiaolvjian Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.set up themed tracks respectively,and competitors developed standard proposals for the corresponding themes.
文摘The Luang Prabang Maintenance Management Center of the ChinaLaos Railway is still brightly lit late into the night.Zhao Renjie,director of power supply,is overseeing catenary maintenance with steady concentration.Next to him are Lao team leader Phouthong and his apprentice,catenary worker Khang Meng.Their busy figures form a routine yet vivid snapshot of therailway's daily operations.
文摘Faculty development serves as a critical foundation for ensuring the quality of higher education.To meet the needs of cultivating specialized software talents and promoting teaching reform,it is particularly crucial to build a faculty team with knowledge in industry application fields and experience in domestic software development.This paper first analyzes the new requirements for the faculty imposed by the cultivation of specialized software talents and the existing problems in the current faculty.Then,in response to these issues,it introduces the reforms and explorations carried out by the School of Software Engineering at Beijing Jiaotong University in the construction of the faculty for cultivating specialized software talents.The aim is to build a high-caliber and diversified faculty that boasts strong political qualities,interdisciplinary integration,complementary advantages between full-time and part-time faculty,and in-depth integration of industry and education.
文摘On October 22, the China Institute of Strategy and Management and the U.S. Brookings Institution jointly held the China-U.S. Strategic Forum on Clean Energy Cooperation. At the opening session of the forum, Zheng Bijian, Chairman of the China Institute of Strategy and Management, gave a keynote speech. Edited excerpts follow:
基金supported by the Mississippi Space Grant Consortium under NASA EPSCoR RID grant.
文摘In the field of autonomous robots,achieving complete precision is challenging,underscoring the need for human intervention,particularly in ensuring safety.Human Autonomy Teaming(HAT)is crucial for promoting safe and efficient human-robot collaboration in dynamic indoor environments.This paper introduces a framework designed to address these precision gaps,enhancing safety and robotic interactions within such settings.Central to our approach is a hybrid graph system that integrates the Generalized Voronoi Diagram(GVD)with spatio-temporal graphs,effectively combining human feedback,environmental factors,and key waypoints.An integral component of this system is the improved Node Selection Algorithm(iNSA),which utilizes the revised Grey Wolf Optimization(rGWO)for better adaptability and performance.Furthermore,an obstacle tracking model is employed to provide predictive data,enhancing the efficiency of the system.Human insights play a critical role,from supplying initial environmental data and determining key waypoints to intervening during unexpected challenges or dynamic environmental changes.Extensive simulation and comparison tests confirm the reliability and effectiveness of our proposed model,highlighting its unique advantages in the domain of HAT.This comprehensive approach ensures that the system remains robust and responsive to the complexities of real-world applications.
文摘In recent years,large vision-language models(VLMs)have achieved significant breakthroughs in cross-modal understanding and generation.However,the safety issues arising from their multimodal interactions become prominent.VLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks,where attackers craft carefully designed prompts to bypass safety mechanisms,leading them to generate harmful content.To address this,we investigate the alignment between visual inputs and task execution,uncovering locality defects and attention biases in VLMs.Based on these findings,we propose VOTI,a novel jailbreak framework leveraging visual obfuscation and task induction.VOTI subtly embeds malicious keywords within neutral image layouts to evade detection,and breaks down harmful queries into a sequence of subtasks.This approach disperses malicious intent across modalities,exploiting VLMs’over-reliance on local visual cues and their fragility in multi-step reasoning to bypass global safety mechanisms.Implemented as an automated framework,VOTI integrates large language models as red-team assistants to generate and iteratively optimize jailbreak strategies.Extensive experiments across seven mainstream VLMs demonstrate VOTI’s effectiveness,achieving a 73.46%attack success rate on GPT-4o-mini.These results reveal critical vulnerabilities in VLMs,highlighting the urgent need for improving robust defenses and multimodal alignment.
文摘Objective:Interpersonal brain synchronization(IBS)has emerged as a significant concept in understanding collaborative team dynamics,with functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)proving to be a vital tool in its assessment.This review aims to collate and analyze the literature on the application of fNIRS in various team settings,emphasizing its potential utility in surgical environments.Methods:A thorough search and screening process across multiple databases resulted in 17 studies being reviewed,with a focus on the utilization of fNIRS to measure IBS in different collaborative tasks.This review examined the tasks employed,participant demographics,organizational structures of teams,methodologies for IBS measurement,and correlations between brain synchronization and behavioral measurements.Results:fNIRS emerged as a non-invasive,cost-effective,and portable tool,predominantly used to assess IBS in pair-based tasks with a variety of participant demographics.Wavelet transform coherence was the primary method used for measuring synchronization,particularly in the prefrontal brain region.A consistent correlation was found between increased brain synchronization and enhanced team performance,underscoring the potential of fNIRS in understanding and optimizing team dynamics.Conclusion:This review establishes fNIRS as a promising tool for investigating the neural mechanisms underlying team cooperation,providing invaluable insights for potential applications in surgical settings.While acknowledging the limitations in the current literature,the review highlights the need for further research with larger sample sizes and varied task complexities to solidify the understanding of IBS and its impact on team performance.The ultimate goal is to leverage fNIRS in assessing and improving surgical team dynamics,contributing to improved patient outcomes and safety.
文摘SUMMARIES OF TOP NEWS STORIES CHINA-CAMEROON Free Health Services to School A Chinese medical team working in Cameroon on 4 April provided free health care services to a primary school in Mbalmayo.The services,including dental checks,health counselling,and a lecture on infectious disease prevention,benefitted over 80 students and teachers of the school.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200353Jiangsu Province Double Innovation Doctoral Program,No.JSSCBS20221948+3 种基金Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Program,No.(2022)043Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Plan Talent Research Project,No.GSWS2022014Jiangsu Province College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project,No.202410285087Zand“Boxi”Talent Casting Plan of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University。
文摘This article comments on the research by Zhang et al on the role of advanced heart failure and transplant teams in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)management.The study by Zhang et al indicates that direct advanced heart failure and transplant involvement improves survival in ECMO patients,especially those on veno-arterial ECMO.However,the optimal approach varies due to multiple factors.This article discusses the clinical implications,research design limitations,and future directions to enhance ECMO care.
文摘Sometimes chemistry doesn’t just make new molecules-it overturns old assumptions.For 140 years,drugmakers have accepted that transforming aromatic amines-a very important reaction for building drug molecules-means living with explosive risks.The danger was considered unavoidable,the tradeoff permanent-until a team in Hangzhou proved otherwise.
基金Supported by Postgraduate Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX23_3621.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most prevalent malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality.Its global incidence increases annually,with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages.Despite substantial advancements in chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immune therapy,and targeted therapy,surgical treatment remains the mainstay for CRC management.Particularly,surgery is most effective for managing early-stage and locally advanced cancers.CRC surgery has evolved from conventional subtractive surgery to modern minimally invasive and precision-based techniques.Additionally,CRC treatment strategies have expanded from a single surgical therapy to a multimodal integrated system encompassing endoscopic therapy,perioperative therapy,molecular targeted therapy,and immunotherapy.This review elucidates the evolution of CRC surgical treatment,describing its transition from early palliative surgery to radical surgery,and,finally,to functional surgery,minimally invasive surgical techniques,and personalized treatment.It reflects the transformation in CRC treatment from simplistic to complex,from generalized to precise,and from singular to comprehensive techniques,providing a holistic perspective on advancements in CRC surgical treatment.
文摘Frailty fractures of the pelvis,particularly isolated pubic ramus fractures,are often perceived as benign,especially in elderly patients.However,this perception can obscure the risk of delayed hemorrhage from occult vascular injuries.Clinical deterioration is frequently subtle,with signs like fatigue or confusion mis-attributed to baseline status.In frail patients,these injuries may rapidly evolve into life-threatening scenarios.Conservative management,while standard,may be insufficient when vascular frailty or anticoagulation are present.Early clinical suspicion,serial hemoglobin checks,and multidisciplinary involvement are crucial.A dynamic assessment model that incorporates frailty,comorbidities,and physiological reserve alongside radiographic findings can better guide inter-vention and monitoring.Clinicians must lower the threshold for advanced imaging,such as computed tomography angiography,and consider early vascular consultation even in seemingly stable cases.Adopting a holistic,risk-based approach can mitigate complications and improve outcomes for this vulnerable population.
