Developed a new program structure using in single chip computer system, which based on multitasking mechanism. Discussed the specific method for realization of the new structure. The applied sample is also provided.
Purpose： One of the main indicators of scientific production is the number of papers published in scholarly journals. Turkey ranks 18th place in the world based on the number of scholarly publications. The objective ...Purpose： One of the main indicators of scientific production is the number of papers published in scholarly journals. Turkey ranks 18th place in the world based on the number of scholarly publications. The objective of this paper is to find out if the monetary support program initiated in 1993 by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council （TUBITAK） to incentivize researchers and increase the number, impact, and quality of international publications has been effective in doing so.Design/methodology/approach： We analyzed some 390,000 publications with Turkish affiliations listed in the Web of Science （WoS） database between 1976 and 2015 along with about 157,000 supported ones between 1997 and 2015. We used the interrupted time series （ITS） analysis technique （also known as ＂quasi-experimental time series analysis＂ or ＂intervention analysis＂） to test if TOBITAK＇s support program helped increase the number of publications. We defined ARIMA （1,1,0） model for ITS data and observed the impact of TOBiTAK＇s support program in 1994, 1997, and 2003 （after one, four and 10 years of its start, respectively）. The majority of publications （93%） were full papers （articles）, which were used as the experimental group while other types of contributions functioned as the control group. We also carried out a multiple regression analysis.Findings： TUBITAK＇s support program has had negligible effect on the increase of the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Yet, the number of other types of contributions continued to increase even though they were not well supported, suggesting that TUBITAK＇s support program is probably not the main factor causing the increase in the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Research limitations： Interrupted time series analysis shows if the ＂intervention＂ has had any significant effect on the dependent variable but it does not explain what caused the increase in the number of papers if it was not the intervention. Moreover, except the＂intervention＂, other ＂event（s）＂ that might affect the time series data （e.g., increase in the number of research personnel over the years） should not occur during the period of analysis, a prerequisite that is beyond the control of the researcher. Practical implications： TUBITAK＇s ＂cash-for-publication＂ program did not seem to have direct impact on the increase of the number of papers published by Turkish authors, suggesting that small amounts of payments are not much of an incentive for authors to publish more. It might perhaps be a better strategy to concentrate limited resources on a few high impact projects rather than to disperse them to thousands of authors as ＂micropayments.＂ Originality/value： Based on 25 years＇ worth of payments data, this is perhaps one of the first large-scale studies showing that ＂cash-for-publication＂ policies or ＂piece rates＂ paid to researchers tend to have little or no effect on the increase of researchers＇ productivity. The main finding of this paper has some implications for countries wherein publication subsidies are used as an incentive to increase the number and quality of papers published in international journals. They should be prepared to consider reviewing their existing support programs （based usually on bibliometric measures such as journal impact factors） and revising their reward policies.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to study the reliability due to the employment of distributed generations (DG) integrated to distribution system. The system under this study is from Provincial Electricity Authority ...The main purpose of this paper is to study the reliability due to the employment of distributed generations (DG) integrated to distribution system. The system under this study is from Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) that is a part of Thailand’s distribution system. Data of geographic information systems (GIS) including the distance of distribution line and location of load that are parameter of PEA is simulated using digital simulation and electrical network calculation program (DIgSILENT) to analyze the impact of reliability with the installing DG into the distribution system. The system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), the system average interruption duration index (SAIDI) and interruption cost are assessed as index of reliability by comparing the SAIFI, SAIDI, and interruption cost between the base case (no DG) and the case that DG connected to the distribution system. The results can be summarized by focusing on location of DG, the capacity of DG, the size of load, and the distance of load which are factors able to impact to SAIFI, SAIDI, and interruption cost.展开更多
青藏高原东南部对流活动较强,雅鲁藏布江大峡谷区域(Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon,YTGC)作为高原地区重要水汽通道,研究该地区对流系统演变特征对高原天气气候的影响有重要意义。本文利用CLDAS-v2.0降水资料统计了1998—2019年夏季该地...青藏高原东南部对流活动较强,雅鲁藏布江大峡谷区域(Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon,YTGC)作为高原地区重要水汽通道,研究该地区对流系统演变特征对高原天气气候的影响有重要意义。本文利用CLDAS-v2.0降水资料统计了1998—2019年夏季该地区44次降水过程,发现其传播具有“连续型”和“中断型”两种特征。数值模拟较再分析资料分辨率高,能较好地再现两类降水过程。诊断分析对比结果表明:“连续型”和“中断型”降水在500 hPa的差异主要体现在辐合位置的不同,“连续型”降水在YTGC有一个辐合中心,而“中断型”降水的辐合中心位置在更高纬度,这与“连续型”降水的北风更强有关。从垂直经向环流特征来看,“连续型”相比“中断型”降水的更强偏北气流,一部分沿着高原南坡下沉到谷底,在低纬处辐合产生上升气流,将水汽输送到中层后在偏南风的引导下向高原上空输送,配合YTGC良好的上升运动条件可产生更多的降水。敏感性试验结果验证了北风是影响YTGC降水过程的重要因素。展开更多
文摘Developed a new program structure using in single chip computer system, which based on multitasking mechanism. Discussed the specific method for realization of the new structure. The applied sample is also provided.
文摘Purpose： One of the main indicators of scientific production is the number of papers published in scholarly journals. Turkey ranks 18th place in the world based on the number of scholarly publications. The objective of this paper is to find out if the monetary support program initiated in 1993 by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council （TUBITAK） to incentivize researchers and increase the number, impact, and quality of international publications has been effective in doing so.Design/methodology/approach： We analyzed some 390,000 publications with Turkish affiliations listed in the Web of Science （WoS） database between 1976 and 2015 along with about 157,000 supported ones between 1997 and 2015. We used the interrupted time series （ITS） analysis technique （also known as ＂quasi-experimental time series analysis＂ or ＂intervention analysis＂） to test if TOBITAK＇s support program helped increase the number of publications. We defined ARIMA （1,1,0） model for ITS data and observed the impact of TOBiTAK＇s support program in 1994, 1997, and 2003 （after one, four and 10 years of its start, respectively）. The majority of publications （93%） were full papers （articles）, which were used as the experimental group while other types of contributions functioned as the control group. We also carried out a multiple regression analysis.Findings： TUBITAK＇s support program has had negligible effect on the increase of the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Yet, the number of other types of contributions continued to increase even though they were not well supported, suggesting that TUBITAK＇s support program is probably not the main factor causing the increase in the number of papers with Turkish affiliations. Research limitations： Interrupted time series analysis shows if the ＂intervention＂ has had any significant effect on the dependent variable but it does not explain what caused the increase in the number of papers if it was not the intervention. Moreover, except the＂intervention＂, other ＂event（s）＂ that might affect the time series data （e.g., increase in the number of research personnel over the years） should not occur during the period of analysis, a prerequisite that is beyond the control of the researcher. Practical implications： TUBITAK＇s ＂cash-for-publication＂ program did not seem to have direct impact on the increase of the number of papers published by Turkish authors, suggesting that small amounts of payments are not much of an incentive for authors to publish more. It might perhaps be a better strategy to concentrate limited resources on a few high impact projects rather than to disperse them to thousands of authors as ＂micropayments.＂ Originality/value： Based on 25 years＇ worth of payments data, this is perhaps one of the first large-scale studies showing that ＂cash-for-publication＂ policies or ＂piece rates＂ paid to researchers tend to have little or no effect on the increase of researchers＇ productivity. The main finding of this paper has some implications for countries wherein publication subsidies are used as an incentive to increase the number and quality of papers published in international journals. They should be prepared to consider reviewing their existing support programs （based usually on bibliometric measures such as journal impact factors） and revising their reward policies.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to study the reliability due to the employment of distributed generations (DG) integrated to distribution system. The system under this study is from Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) that is a part of Thailand’s distribution system. Data of geographic information systems (GIS) including the distance of distribution line and location of load that are parameter of PEA is simulated using digital simulation and electrical network calculation program (DIgSILENT) to analyze the impact of reliability with the installing DG into the distribution system. The system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), the system average interruption duration index (SAIDI) and interruption cost are assessed as index of reliability by comparing the SAIFI, SAIDI, and interruption cost between the base case (no DG) and the case that DG connected to the distribution system. The results can be summarized by focusing on location of DG, the capacity of DG, the size of load, and the distance of load which are factors able to impact to SAIFI, SAIDI, and interruption cost.
文摘青藏高原东南部对流活动较强,雅鲁藏布江大峡谷区域(Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon,YTGC)作为高原地区重要水汽通道,研究该地区对流系统演变特征对高原天气气候的影响有重要意义。本文利用CLDAS-v2.0降水资料统计了1998—2019年夏季该地区44次降水过程,发现其传播具有“连续型”和“中断型”两种特征。数值模拟较再分析资料分辨率高,能较好地再现两类降水过程。诊断分析对比结果表明:“连续型”和“中断型”降水在500 hPa的差异主要体现在辐合位置的不同,“连续型”降水在YTGC有一个辐合中心,而“中断型”降水的辐合中心位置在更高纬度,这与“连续型”降水的北风更强有关。从垂直经向环流特征来看,“连续型”相比“中断型”降水的更强偏北气流,一部分沿着高原南坡下沉到谷底,在低纬处辐合产生上升气流,将水汽输送到中层后在偏南风的引导下向高原上空输送,配合YTGC良好的上升运动条件可产生更多的降水。敏感性试验结果验证了北风是影响YTGC降水过程的重要因素。
