The γ-aminobutyric acid neurons（GABAergic neurons） in the inferior colliculus are classified into various patterns based on their intrinsic electrical properties to a constant current injection. Although this class...The γ-aminobutyric acid neurons（GABAergic neurons） in the inferior colliculus are classified into various patterns based on their intrinsic electrical properties to a constant current injection. Although this classification is associated with physiological function, the exact role for neurons with various firing patterns in acoustic processing remains poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed characteristics of inferior colliculus neurons in vitro, and recorded responses to stimulation of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus using the wholecell patch clamp technique. Seven inferior colliculus neurons were tested and were classified into two firing patterns： sustained-regular（n = 4） and sustained-adapting firing patterns（n = 3）. The majority of inferior colliculus neurons exhibited slight changes in response to stimulation and bicuculline. The responses of one neuron with a sustained-adapting firing pattern were suppressed after stimulation, but recovered to normal levels following application of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist. One neuron with a sustained-regular pattern showed suppressed stimulation responses, which were not affected by bicuculline. Results suggest that GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus exhibit sustained-regular or sustained-adapting firing patterns. Additionally, GABAergic projections from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus are associated with sound localization. The different neuronal responses of various firing patterns suggest a role in sound localization. A better understanding of these mechanisms and functions will provide better clinical treatment paradigms for hearing deficiencies.展开更多
The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is ...The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.展开更多
Recent advances in the experimental and theoretical study of dynamics of neuronal electrical firing activities are reviewed. Firstly, some experimental phenomena of neuronal irregular firing patterns, especially chaot...Recent advances in the experimental and theoretical study of dynamics of neuronal electrical firing activities are reviewed. Firstly, some experimental phenomena of neuronal irregular firing patterns, especially chaotic and stochastic firing patterns, are presented, and practical nonlinear time analysis methods are introduced to distinguish deterministic and stochastic mechanism in time series. Secondly, the dynamics of electrical firing activities in a single neuron is concerned, namely, fast-slow dynamics analysis for classification and mechanism of various bursting patterns, one- or two-parameter bifurcation analysis for transitions of firing patterns, and stochastic dynamics of firing activities （stochastic and coherence resonances, integer multiple and other firing patterns induced by noise, etc.）. Thirdly, different types of synchronization of coupled neurons with electrical and chemical synapses are discussed. As noise and time delay are inevitable in nervous systems, it is found that noise and time delay may induce or enhance synchronization and change firing patterns of coupled neurons. Noise-induced resonance and spatiotemporal patterns in coupled neuronal networks are also demonstrated. Finally, some prospects are presented for future research. In consequence, the idea and methods of nonlinear dynamics are of great significance in exploration of dynamic processes and physiological functions of nervous systems.展开更多
Objective To explore the possible mechanisms that cause the dentate gyrus （DG） neurons to play different roles in information coding. Methods In vivo extracellular single unit recording was performed on 22 waking fe...Objective To explore the possible mechanisms that cause the dentate gyrus （DG） neurons to play different roles in information coding. Methods In vivo extracellular single unit recording was performed on 22 waking female guinea pigs, which were positioned in a sound-attenuated recording chamber without any muscular relaxants. The spontaneous firing patterns of the DG neurons were detected and compared. Results There were two different electrophysiologi- cal populations in the DG of guinea pigs, principal cells （PCs） and fast spiking interneurons （INs）. Of the PCs, 1.3% discharged regularly, 48.1% irregularly and 50.6% in bursts ; in contrast, of the INs units, 64.1% discharged regularly, 2.6% irregularly and 33.3% in bursts. The spontaneous firing patterns of PCs were significantly different from those of INs （P 〈0.01 ）. In addition, the differences of several interspike interval （ISI） parameters also have been observed： （1） the ISI coefficients of variation of PCs （3.39 ± 3.56） were significantly higher than those of INs （1.08 ± 0.46） （P 〈0.01） ; （2） the ISI asymmetric indexes of PCs （0. 047±0. 059） were significantly lower than those of INs （0.569±0. 238） （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion In the DG, the spontaneous firing patterns of PCs were significantly different from those of INs. The former were prone to fire in bursts, the latter were prone to fire regularly. The different roles in information coding between PCs and INs might be caused by their different firing patterns.展开更多
Visual fire detection technologies can detect fire and alarm warnings earlier than conventional fire detectors. This study proposes an effective visual fire detection method that combines the statistical fire color mo...Visual fire detection technologies can detect fire and alarm warnings earlier than conventional fire detectors. This study proposes an effective visual fire detection method that combines the statistical fire color model and sequential pattern mining technology to detect fire in an image. Furthermore, the proposed method also supports real-time fire detection by integrating adaptive background subtraction technologies. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect fire in test images and videos. The detection accuracy of the proposed hybrid method is better than that of Celik＇s method.展开更多
Neural firing patterns are investigated by using symbolic dynamics. Bifurcation behaviour of the Hindmarsh-Rose （HR） neuronal model is simulated with the external stimuli gradually decreasing, and various firing act...Neural firing patterns are investigated by using symbolic dynamics. Bifurcation behaviour of the Hindmarsh-Rose （HR） neuronal model is simulated with the external stimuli gradually decreasing, and various firing activities with different topological structures are orderly numbered. Through constructing first-return maps of interspike intervals, all firing patterns are described and identified by symbolic expressions. On the basis of ordering rules of symbolic sequences, the corresponding relation between parameters and firing patterns is established, which will be helpful for encoding neural information. Moreover, using the operation rule of ＊ product, generation mechanisms and intrinsic configurations of periodic patterns can be distinguished in detail. Results show that the symbolic approach is a powerful tool to study neural firing activities. In particular, such a coarse-grained way can be generalized in neural electropt/ysiological experiments to extract much valuable information from complicated experimental data.展开更多
Memristors are extensively used to estimate the external electromagnetic stimulation and synapses for neurons.In this paper,two distinct scenarios,i.e.,an ideal memristor serves as external electromagnetic stimulation...Memristors are extensively used to estimate the external electromagnetic stimulation and synapses for neurons.In this paper,two distinct scenarios,i.e.,an ideal memristor serves as external electromagnetic stimulation and a locally active memristor serves as a synapse,are formulated to investigate the impact of a memristor on a two-dimensional Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model.Numerical simulations show that the neuronal models in different scenarios have multiple burst firing patterns.The introduction of the memristor makes the neuronal model exhibit complex dynamical behaviors.Finally,the simulation circuit and DSP hardware implementation results validate the physical mechanism,as well as the reliability of the biological neuron model.展开更多
Autapses are synapses that connect a neuron to itself in the nervous system. Previously, both experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that autaptic connections in the nervous system have a significant p...Autapses are synapses that connect a neuron to itself in the nervous system. Previously, both experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that autaptic connections in the nervous system have a significant physiological function. Autapses in nature provide self-delayed feedback, thus introducing an additional timescale to neuronal activities and causing many dynamic behaviors in neurons. Recently, theoretical studies have revealed that an autapse provides a control option for adjusting the response of a neuron： e.g., an autaptic connection can cause the electrical activities of the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron to switch between quiescent, periodic, and chaotic firing patterns; an autapse can enhance or suppress the mode-locking status of a neuron injected with sinusoidal current; and the firing frequency and interspike interval distributions of the response spike train can also be modified by the autapse. In this paper, we review recent studies that showed how an autapse affects the response of a single neuron.展开更多
We develop a model of CA3 neurons embedded in a resistive array to mimic the effects of electric fields from a new perspective. Effects of DC and sinusoidal electric fields on firing patterns in CA3 neurons are invest...We develop a model of CA3 neurons embedded in a resistive array to mimic the effects of electric fields from a new perspective. Effects of DC and sinusoidal electric fields on firing patterns in CA3 neurons are investigated in this study. The firing patterns can be switched from no firing pattern to burst or from burst to fast periodic firing pattern with the increase of DC electric field intensity. It is also found that the firing activities are sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of the sinusoidal electric field. Different phase-locking states and chaotic firing regions are observed in the parameter space of frequency and amplitude. These findings are qualitatively in accordance with the results of relevant experimental and numerical studies. It is implied that the external or endogenous electric field can modulate the neural code in the brain. Furthermore, it is helpful to develop control strategies based on electric fields to control neural diseases such as epilepsy.展开更多
The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of smoke movement during mine fires on miner evacuation behaviors. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method was conducted to reconstruct the la...The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of smoke movement during mine fires on miner evacuation behaviors. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method was conducted to reconstruct the lane- way conveyor belt fire scenes under two ventilating conditions. The parameters, including temperature-time histories, soot density, carbon monoxide and heat release rate, were simulated to characterize the mine fires at various ventilating speeds. A miner evacuation model affected by fire smoke movement was advanced to describe the miner evacuation behaviors, which can be divided into three stages. Based on the evacuation model coupled with the mine fire smoke movement, the available safety evacuation time for miners involved in coal mine fire located in different sites was estimated. Two evacuation patterns were advanced according to the ventilating speeds combined with the model of miner evacuation behaviors. The results show that the miners located between the inlet-air end and the air door in lane 1 should be evacuated to the inlet-air end and other miners involved in coal mine fire could choose the air door as the escaping destination, when the ventilation speed is greater than 3 m/s. Accordingly, the research can be used as references for the mine safety administration authorities to design the safety evacuation.展开更多
针对通用汽油机的充气技术,提出缸侧辅助充气(SAI,Side Air Injection)方法,通过优化缸内气流在中小负荷实现分层稀薄燃烧.以168F通用汽油机为原型,使用AVL-BOOST计算出初始条件,再运用AVL-FIRE仿真分析在不同辅助充气压力下SAI发动机...针对通用汽油机的充气技术,提出缸侧辅助充气(SAI,Side Air Injection)方法,通过优化缸内气流在中小负荷实现分层稀薄燃烧.以168F通用汽油机为原型,使用AVL-BOOST计算出初始条件,再运用AVL-FIRE仿真分析在不同辅助充气压力下SAI发动机对缸内速度场、湍动能和当量比的影响.分析表明:SAI发动机可在火花塞周围形成尺度大涡流强的分层混合气,可提高燃烧速率,改善汽油机稀薄燃烧着火稳定性.展开更多
Temperature has distinct influence on the activation of ion channels and the excitability of neurons,and careful change in temperature can induce possible mode transition in the neural activities.The formation and dev...Temperature has distinct influence on the activation of ion channels and the excitability of neurons,and careful change in temperature can induce possible mode transition in the neural activities.The formation and development of autapse connection to neuron can enhance its self-adaption to external stimulus,and thus the firing patterns in neuron can be controlled effectively.The autapse is activated to drive a thermosensitive neuron,which is developed from the FitzHugh-Nagumo neural circuit by incorporating a thermistor,and the dynamics in the neural activities is explored to find mode dependence on the temperature and autaptic current.It is found that the firing modes can be controlled by temperature,and the neuron is wakened from resting state to periodic oscillation with the increase of temperature.Furthermore,the intensity and the intrinsic time delay in the autapse are respectively adjusted to control the neural activities,and it is confirmed that appropriate setting for autaptic current can balance and enhance the temperature effect on the neural activities.展开更多
Forest fires are one of the most important threats for forests in the State of Mexico. Therefore, understanding their geographical patterns is a priority for the design of forest management strategies. We processed th...Forest fires are one of the most important threats for forests in the State of Mexico. Therefore, understanding their geographical patterns is a priority for the design of forest management strategies. We processed the records obtained with the MOD14A2 product (for thermal anomalies and fire) of MODIS sensor. Such scenes correspond to dry seasons (from March 15 to June 30) from 2000 to 2012 in the State of Mexico. We analyzed such records in a GIS environment to learn their spatial patterns and establish their geographical correlations as a first step to understand the causal agents of forest fires. As a result, forest fires in the State of Mexico showed a clustered spatial trend with a southwest tendency and a slight spatial relation with total winter precipitation and maximal temperature in summer.展开更多
目的观察宣肺解毒汤治疗热毒炽盛证寻常型银屑病患者的临床疗效及对其肠道菌群的影响。方法选取2022年3月—2023年6月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院收治的寻常型银屑病患者84例,依据简单随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各42例。对...目的观察宣肺解毒汤治疗热毒炽盛证寻常型银屑病患者的临床疗效及对其肠道菌群的影响。方法选取2022年3月—2023年6月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院收治的寻常型银屑病患者84例,依据简单随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各42例。对照组采取常规西医治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取宣肺解毒汤治疗。治疗4周后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后中医证候积分[银屑病面积与严重程度指数(Psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)]、肠道菌群(酵母菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌)、P物质(Substance P,SP)及受体神经激肽/速激肽受体1(Neurokinin-1 receptor,NK1R)水平。结果治疗后研究组治疗总有效率92.86%(39/42)明显高于对照组76.19%(32/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者红斑、浸润、皮损面积、鳞屑评分及总积分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组红斑、浸润、皮损面积、鳞屑评分及总积分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者酵母菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数目均较治疗前升高,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数目均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组酵母菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数目均明显高于对照组,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数目均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血SP及NK1R水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组SP及NK1R水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良反应发生率7.14%(3/42)与对照组4.76%(2/42)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用宣肺解毒汤治疗热毒炽盛证寻常型银屑病,可有效改善患者中医证候积分,提升疾病治疗效果,可能与其调节肠道菌群及SP、NK1R水平具有关联性,且具有安全性。展开更多
To improve the performance of the forest fire smoke detection model and achieve a better balance between detection accuracy and speed, an improved YOLOv4 detection model (MoAm-YOLOv4) that combines a lightweight netwo...To improve the performance of the forest fire smoke detection model and achieve a better balance between detection accuracy and speed, an improved YOLOv4 detection model (MoAm-YOLOv4) that combines a lightweight network and attention mechanism was proposed. Based on the YOLOv4 algorithm, the backbone network CSPDarknet53 was replaced with a lightweight network MobilenetV1 to reduce the model’s size. An attention mechanism was added to the three channels before the output to increase its ability to extract forest fire smoke effectively. The algorithm used the K-means clustering algorithm to cluster the smoke dataset, and obtained candidate frames that were close to the smoke images;the dataset was expanded to 2000 images by the random flip expansion method to avoid overfitting in training. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv4 algorithm has excellent detection effect. Its mAP can reach 93.45%, precision can get 93.28%, and the model size is only 45.58 MB. Compared with YOLOv4 algorithm, MoAm-YOLOv4 improves the accuracy by 1.3% and reduces the model size by 80% while sacrificing only 0.27% mAP, showing reasonable practicability.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271090
文摘The γ-aminobutyric acid neurons（GABAergic neurons） in the inferior colliculus are classified into various patterns based on their intrinsic electrical properties to a constant current injection. Although this classification is associated with physiological function, the exact role for neurons with various firing patterns in acoustic processing remains poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed characteristics of inferior colliculus neurons in vitro, and recorded responses to stimulation of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus using the wholecell patch clamp technique. Seven inferior colliculus neurons were tested and were classified into two firing patterns： sustained-regular（n = 4） and sustained-adapting firing patterns（n = 3）. The majority of inferior colliculus neurons exhibited slight changes in response to stimulation and bicuculline. The responses of one neuron with a sustained-adapting firing pattern were suppressed after stimulation, but recovered to normal levels following application of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist. One neuron with a sustained-regular pattern showed suppressed stimulation responses, which were not affected by bicuculline. Results suggest that GABAergic neurons in the inferior colliculus exhibit sustained-regular or sustained-adapting firing patterns. Additionally, GABAergic projections from the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus to the inferior colliculus are associated with sound localization. The different neuronal responses of various firing patterns suggest a role in sound localization. A better understanding of these mechanisms and functions will provide better clinical treatment paradigms for hearing deficiencies.
文摘The effects of random long-range connections （shortcuts） on the transitions of neural firing patterns in coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons are investigated, where each neuron is subjected to an external current. It is found that, on one hand, the system can achieve the transition of neural firing patterns from the fewer-period state to the multi-period one, when the number of the added shortcuts in the neural network is greater than a threshold value, indicating the occurrence of in-transition of neural firing patterns. On the other hand, for a stronger coupling strength, we can also find the similar but reverse results by adding some proper random connections. In addition, the influences of system size and coupling strength on such transition behavior, as well as the internality between the transition degree of firing patterns and its critical characteristics for different external stimulation current, are also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10432010,10702002,10772101,10802012)the National High Technology Research and Development Program (2007AA02Z310)
文摘Recent advances in the experimental and theoretical study of dynamics of neuronal electrical firing activities are reviewed. Firstly, some experimental phenomena of neuronal irregular firing patterns, especially chaotic and stochastic firing patterns, are presented, and practical nonlinear time analysis methods are introduced to distinguish deterministic and stochastic mechanism in time series. Secondly, the dynamics of electrical firing activities in a single neuron is concerned, namely, fast-slow dynamics analysis for classification and mechanism of various bursting patterns, one- or two-parameter bifurcation analysis for transitions of firing patterns, and stochastic dynamics of firing activities （stochastic and coherence resonances, integer multiple and other firing patterns induced by noise, etc.）. Thirdly, different types of synchronization of coupled neurons with electrical and chemical synapses are discussed. As noise and time delay are inevitable in nervous systems, it is found that noise and time delay may induce or enhance synchronization and change firing patterns of coupled neurons. Noise-induced resonance and spatiotemporal patterns in coupled neuronal networks are also demonstrated. Finally, some prospects are presented for future research. In consequence, the idea and methods of nonlinear dynamics are of great significance in exploration of dynamic processes and physiological functions of nervous systems.
文摘Objective To explore the possible mechanisms that cause the dentate gyrus （DG） neurons to play different roles in information coding. Methods In vivo extracellular single unit recording was performed on 22 waking female guinea pigs, which were positioned in a sound-attenuated recording chamber without any muscular relaxants. The spontaneous firing patterns of the DG neurons were detected and compared. Results There were two different electrophysiologi- cal populations in the DG of guinea pigs, principal cells （PCs） and fast spiking interneurons （INs）. Of the PCs, 1.3% discharged regularly, 48.1% irregularly and 50.6% in bursts ; in contrast, of the INs units, 64.1% discharged regularly, 2.6% irregularly and 33.3% in bursts. The spontaneous firing patterns of PCs were significantly different from those of INs （P 〈0.01 ）. In addition, the differences of several interspike interval （ISI） parameters also have been observed： （1） the ISI coefficients of variation of PCs （3.39 ± 3.56） were significantly higher than those of INs （1.08 ± 0.46） （P 〈0.01） ; （2） the ISI asymmetric indexes of PCs （0. 047±0. 059） were significantly lower than those of INs （0.569±0. 238） （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion In the DG, the spontaneous firing patterns of PCs were significantly different from those of INs. The former were prone to fire in bursts, the latter were prone to fire regularly. The different roles in information coding between PCs and INs might be caused by their different firing patterns.
基金supported by National Science Council under Grant No. NSC98-2221-E-218-046
文摘Visual fire detection technologies can detect fire and alarm warnings earlier than conventional fire detectors. This study proposes an effective visual fire detection method that combines the statistical fire color model and sequential pattern mining technology to detect fire in an image. Furthermore, the proposed method also supports real-time fire detection by integrating adaptive background subtraction technologies. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively detect fire in test images and videos. The detection accuracy of the proposed hybrid method is better than that of Celik＇s method.
文摘Neural firing patterns are investigated by using symbolic dynamics. Bifurcation behaviour of the Hindmarsh-Rose （HR） neuronal model is simulated with the external stimuli gradually decreasing, and various firing activities with different topological structures are orderly numbered. Through constructing first-return maps of interspike intervals, all firing patterns are described and identified by symbolic expressions. On the basis of ordering rules of symbolic sequences, the corresponding relation between parameters and firing patterns is established, which will be helpful for encoding neural information. Moreover, using the operation rule of ＊ product, generation mechanisms and intrinsic configurations of periodic patterns can be distinguished in detail. Results show that the symbolic approach is a powerful tool to study neural firing activities. In particular, such a coarse-grained way can be generalized in neural electropt/ysiological experiments to extract much valuable information from complicated experimental data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62061014)Technological Innovation Projects in the Field of Artificial Intelligence in Liaoning province(Grant No.2023JH26/10300011)Basic Scientific Research Projects in Department of Education of Liaoning Province(Grant No.JYTZD2023021).
文摘Memristors are extensively used to estimate the external electromagnetic stimulation and synapses for neurons.In this paper,two distinct scenarios,i.e.,an ideal memristor serves as external electromagnetic stimulation and a locally active memristor serves as a synapse,are formulated to investigate the impact of a memristor on a two-dimensional Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model.Numerical simulations show that the neuronal models in different scenarios have multiple burst firing patterns.The introduction of the memristor makes the neuronal model exhibit complex dynamical behaviors.Finally,the simulation circuit and DSP hardware implementation results validate the physical mechanism,as well as the reliability of the biological neuron model.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11275084 and 11447027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesChina(Grant No.GK201503025)
文摘Autapses are synapses that connect a neuron to itself in the nervous system. Previously, both experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that autaptic connections in the nervous system have a significant physiological function. Autapses in nature provide self-delayed feedback, thus introducing an additional timescale to neuronal activities and causing many dynamic behaviors in neurons. Recently, theoretical studies have revealed that an autapse provides a control option for adjusting the response of a neuron： e.g., an autaptic connection can cause the electrical activities of the Hindmarsh–Rose neuron to switch between quiescent, periodic, and chaotic firing patterns; an autapse can enhance or suppress the mode-locking status of a neuron injected with sinusoidal current; and the firing frequency and interspike interval distributions of the response spike train can also be modified by the autapse. In this paper, we review recent studies that showed how an autapse affects the response of a single neuron.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61072012,60901035,and 50907044)
文摘We develop a model of CA3 neurons embedded in a resistive array to mimic the effects of electric fields from a new perspective. Effects of DC and sinusoidal electric fields on firing patterns in CA3 neurons are investigated in this study. The firing patterns can be switched from no firing pattern to burst or from burst to fast periodic firing pattern with the increase of DC electric field intensity. It is also found that the firing activities are sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of the sinusoidal electric field. Different phase-locking states and chaotic firing regions are observed in the parameter space of frequency and amplitude. These findings are qualitatively in accordance with the results of relevant experimental and numerical studies. It is implied that the external or endogenous electric field can modulate the neural code in the brain. Furthermore, it is helpful to develop control strategies based on electric fields to control neural diseases such as epilepsy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （51274205）, the Doctoral Program Foundation of Ministry of Education the New Teacher Project （20070290022） and the Open Project of China University of Mining and Technology Resources and Mine Safety State Key Laboratory （S KLCRSM 10KFB 13）.
文摘The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of smoke movement during mine fires on miner evacuation behaviors. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method was conducted to reconstruct the lane- way conveyor belt fire scenes under two ventilating conditions. The parameters, including temperature-time histories, soot density, carbon monoxide and heat release rate, were simulated to characterize the mine fires at various ventilating speeds. A miner evacuation model affected by fire smoke movement was advanced to describe the miner evacuation behaviors, which can be divided into three stages. Based on the evacuation model coupled with the mine fire smoke movement, the available safety evacuation time for miners involved in coal mine fire located in different sites was estimated. Two evacuation patterns were advanced according to the ventilating speeds combined with the model of miner evacuation behaviors. The results show that the miners located between the inlet-air end and the air door in lane 1 should be evacuated to the inlet-air end and other miners involved in coal mine fire could choose the air door as the escaping destination, when the ventilation speed is greater than 3 m/s. Accordingly, the research can be used as references for the mine safety administration authorities to design the safety evacuation.
文摘针对通用汽油机的充气技术,提出缸侧辅助充气(SAI,Side Air Injection)方法,通过优化缸内气流在中小负荷实现分层稀薄燃烧.以168F通用汽油机为原型,使用AVL-BOOST计算出初始条件,再运用AVL-FIRE仿真分析在不同辅助充气压力下SAI发动机对缸内速度场、湍动能和当量比的影响.分析表明:SAI发动机可在火花塞周围形成尺度大涡流强的分层混合气,可提高燃烧速率,改善汽油机稀薄燃烧着火稳定性.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072139 and 12062009).
文摘Temperature has distinct influence on the activation of ion channels and the excitability of neurons,and careful change in temperature can induce possible mode transition in the neural activities.The formation and development of autapse connection to neuron can enhance its self-adaption to external stimulus,and thus the firing patterns in neuron can be controlled effectively.The autapse is activated to drive a thermosensitive neuron,which is developed from the FitzHugh-Nagumo neural circuit by incorporating a thermistor,and the dynamics in the neural activities is explored to find mode dependence on the temperature and autaptic current.It is found that the firing modes can be controlled by temperature,and the neuron is wakened from resting state to periodic oscillation with the increase of temperature.Furthermore,the intensity and the intrinsic time delay in the autapse are respectively adjusted to control the neural activities,and it is confirmed that appropriate setting for autaptic current can balance and enhance the temperature effect on the neural activities.
文摘Forest fires are one of the most important threats for forests in the State of Mexico. Therefore, understanding their geographical patterns is a priority for the design of forest management strategies. We processed the records obtained with the MOD14A2 product (for thermal anomalies and fire) of MODIS sensor. Such scenes correspond to dry seasons (from March 15 to June 30) from 2000 to 2012 in the State of Mexico. We analyzed such records in a GIS environment to learn their spatial patterns and establish their geographical correlations as a first step to understand the causal agents of forest fires. As a result, forest fires in the State of Mexico showed a clustered spatial trend with a southwest tendency and a slight spatial relation with total winter precipitation and maximal temperature in summer.
文摘目的观察宣肺解毒汤治疗热毒炽盛证寻常型银屑病患者的临床疗效及对其肠道菌群的影响。方法选取2022年3月—2023年6月黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院收治的寻常型银屑病患者84例,依据简单随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各42例。对照组采取常规西医治疗,研究组在对照组基础上采取宣肺解毒汤治疗。治疗4周后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后中医证候积分[银屑病面积与严重程度指数(Psoriasis area and severity index,PASI)]、肠道菌群(酵母菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌)、P物质(Substance P,SP)及受体神经激肽/速激肽受体1(Neurokinin-1 receptor,NK1R)水平。结果治疗后研究组治疗总有效率92.86%(39/42)明显高于对照组76.19%(32/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者红斑、浸润、皮损面积、鳞屑评分及总积分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组红斑、浸润、皮损面积、鳞屑评分及总积分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者酵母菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数目均较治疗前升高,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数目均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组酵母菌、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数目均明显高于对照组,大肠埃希菌、肠球菌数目均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者血SP及NK1R水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且研究组SP及NK1R水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,研究组不良反应发生率7.14%(3/42)与对照组4.76%(2/42)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用宣肺解毒汤治疗热毒炽盛证寻常型银屑病,可有效改善患者中医证候积分,提升疾病治疗效果,可能与其调节肠道菌群及SP、NK1R水平具有关联性,且具有安全性。
文摘To improve the performance of the forest fire smoke detection model and achieve a better balance between detection accuracy and speed, an improved YOLOv4 detection model (MoAm-YOLOv4) that combines a lightweight network and attention mechanism was proposed. Based on the YOLOv4 algorithm, the backbone network CSPDarknet53 was replaced with a lightweight network MobilenetV1 to reduce the model’s size. An attention mechanism was added to the three channels before the output to increase its ability to extract forest fire smoke effectively. The algorithm used the K-means clustering algorithm to cluster the smoke dataset, and obtained candidate frames that were close to the smoke images;the dataset was expanded to 2000 images by the random flip expansion method to avoid overfitting in training. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv4 algorithm has excellent detection effect. Its mAP can reach 93.45%, precision can get 93.28%, and the model size is only 45.58 MB. Compared with YOLOv4 algorithm, MoAm-YOLOv4 improves the accuracy by 1.3% and reduces the model size by 80% while sacrificing only 0.27% mAP, showing reasonable practicability.
