Raman imaging,as a molecular spectroscopy technique,has been widely studied and applied in research fields such as life sciences and food safety due to its excellent specificity and high resolution.However,its develop...Raman imaging,as a molecular spectroscopy technique,has been widely studied and applied in research fields such as life sciences and food safety due to its excellent specificity and high resolution.However,its development still faces challenges such as weak signals,slow acquisition speed,and insufficient penetration depth.In recent years,the rapid development of aggregate science has provided new insights for addressing these limitations.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials exhibit enhanced signals in the aggregated state,which may compensate for the inherent weak Raman signals.This article reviews the cutting-edge progress of Raman imaging technology and its current status in cross-disciplinary research with aggregate science,emphasizing the strategy of constructing AIE-Raman dual-responsive probes through molecular engineering to achieve functional complementarity between fluorescence localization and Raman quantification,thereby significantly improving detection sensitivity and specificity.These probes have demonstrated single-cell resolution and high spatiotemporal accuracy in applications such as tumor surgical navigation,diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant bacteria,and dynamic monitoring of organelles.We also analyze the bottlenecks in this field,such as biological safety and the complexity of molecular design,and outline the future development directions,including intelligent responsive probes,artificial intelligence-assisted analysis,and multimodal fusion platforms.The integration of Raman imaging and AIE sheds new light in the field of medical imaging.展开更多
In modern construction,Lightweight Aggregate Concrete(LWAC)has been recognized as a vital material of concern because of its unique properties,such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation.Despite the extens...In modern construction,Lightweight Aggregate Concrete(LWAC)has been recognized as a vital material of concern because of its unique properties,such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation.Despite the extensive knowledge regarding its macroscopic properties,there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the influence of microscale parameters like aggregate porosity and volume ratio on the mechanical response of LWAC.This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap,spurred by the need to enhance the predictability and applicability of LWAC in various construction environments.With the help of advanced numerical methods,including the finite element method and a random circular aggregate model,this study critically evaluates the role played by these microscale factors.We found that an increase in the aggregate porosity from 23.5%to 48.5%leads to a drastic change of weakness from the bonding interface to the aggregate,reducing compressive strength by up to 24.2%and tensile strength by 27.8%.Similarly,the increase in the volume ratio of lightweight aggregate from 25%to 40%leads to a reduction in compressive strength by 13.0%and tensile strength by 9.23%.These results highlight the imperative role of microscale properties on the mechanical properties of LWAC.By supplying precise quantitative details on the effect of porosity and aggregate volume ratio,this research makes significant contributions to construction materials science by providing useful recommendations for the creation and optimization of LWAC with improved performance and sustainability in construction.展开更多
To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),base...To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),based on the strain equivalence principle and the assumption that microelement strength follows a Weibull statistical distribution.The proposed model incorporates the Drucker-Prager failure criterion.By examining the influence of Weibull distribution parameters m and S_(0)on the stress-strain response,empirical relationships were established between the fine aggregate replacement ratio and the distribution parameters.This enabled the derivation of a theoretical stress-strain curve accounting for variable recycled fine aggragate(RFA)replacement ratios.The experimental results show that the proposed model exhibits high agreement with measured data and effectively captures the increased brittleness of PRFAC with higher RFA replacement ratios.Moreover,increasing the replacement rate accelerates internal crack propagation,reduces deformability and toughness,and significantly hastens the accumulation of internal damage in PRFAC.展开更多
Freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs)have an important effect on soil aggregate stability by altering soil structures,thereby influencing soil wind and water erosion on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,the effects of FTCs...Freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs)have an important effect on soil aggregate stability by altering soil structures,thereby influencing soil wind and water erosion on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,the effects of FTCs on the stability of these soils remain unclear.Here,we conducted freeze-thaw simulations in laboratory to investigate the effects of FTCs(0 to 15 cycles)on the wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability of undisturbed sandy loam from Maqu county,which was treated with different initial soil moisture contents(1%to 25%in increments of 4%)and initial aggregate diameters(<2,2-5,5-10,and 10-15 mm).Results show that soil aggregates with initial diameters larger than 2 mm exhibit higher soil organic carbon contents(1.45%-1.57%)and silt contents(34.63%-35.52%)than those smaller than 2 mm(0.93%and 31.38%,respectively).The stability of both wet-and dry-sieving aggregates increases with larger initial diameters.Increasing initial soil moisture content from 1%to 25%reduces aggregate stability,with reductions of 2.4%-88.0%for wet-sieving aggregates and 2.1%-25.5%for dry-sieving aggregates(>2 mm).With increasing FTCs,wet-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability exhibits a fluctuating upward trend,with increases of 79.2%-87.4%after 15 FTCs,while dry-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability decreases significantly(5.7%-21.7%)upon the first FTC and remains unchanged thereafter.The stability of both the wet-and dry-sieving aggregates smaller than 2 mm remains unchanged with increasing FTCs(p>0.05).SOC content decreases by 22.3%on average with increasing FTCs from 1 to 15 and shows no significant correlations with wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability.Higher silt content(r=0.39,p<0.05)and lower sand content(r=-0.38,p<0.05)enhances the wet-sieving aggregate stability of sandy loam.Frequent FTCs tend to improve wet-sieving aggregate stability but reduce dry-sieving aggregate stability in the sandy loam.The findings provide certain guidance for preventing freeze-thaw-induced wind erosion.展开更多
Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential ampli...Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.展开更多
A comprehensive full-sieve-hole grading correction method was used to adjust aggregate gradings.The fatigue properties of recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)asphalt mixtures were investigated using an improved indirect t...A comprehensive full-sieve-hole grading correction method was used to adjust aggregate gradings.The fatigue properties of recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)asphalt mixtures were investigated using an improved indirect tensile fatigue test under temperature-humidity coupling based on 20-year meteorological data of Beijing,and the degeneration mechanism was further explored by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.The experimental results indicate that replacing 5-20 mm coarse limestone aggregate(LA)with RCA at a 50% substitution volume can mitigate the impact of RCA variations on the asphalt mixture proportioning design.All RCA asphalt mixtures have lower initial fatigue properties than the LA asphalt mixture.However,under temperature-humidity coupling,the long-term fatigue property of an RCA asphalt mixture with a low proportion of recycled brick exceeds that of the LA asphalt mixture,and the fatigue life decline rate of the RCA asphalt mixture during 10-year service decreases by approximately 25%.This is due to the penetration of the asphalt mortar into the RCA through the pores and cracks on the RCA surface.It forms an interfacial transition zone composed of asphalt mortar and cement mortar and further reduces the mixture damage caused by the water and freeze-thaw conditions.展开更多
As renewable energy penetration continues to rise,enhancing power system flexibility has become a critical requirement.Photovoltaic–storage–charging stations(PSCSs)are key components for enhancing local regulation c...As renewable energy penetration continues to rise,enhancing power system flexibility has become a critical requirement.Photovoltaic–storage–charging stations(PSCSs)are key components for enhancing local regulation capability and promoting renewable integration.However,evaluating the adjustable capability of such hybrid stations while considering security constraints remains a major challenge.This paper first analyzes the adjustable capabilities of all the resources within such a station based on the power-energy boundary(PEB)model.Then,an optimal formulation is proposed to obtain the adjusted parameters of the aggregate feasible region(AFR)model,which embeds low-dimensional linear models within high-dimensional linear models to improve the accuracy.To solve this formulation,it is transformed using duality theory and an alternating optimization algorithm is designed to obtain the solution.Finally,a multi-station adjustable capability aggregation method considering security constraints is introduced.Simulation results verify that the proposed method effectively reduces infeasible regions and improves smoothness of aggregated boundaries,providing an accurate and practical tool for flexibility evaluation in PSCSs and offering guidance for aggregators and system planners.展开更多
We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-gener...We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.展开更多
Conventional lightweight refractory materials with low bulk density and more pores suffer from harsh corrosion and erosion in actual applications.A type of lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)aggregates with a core-s...Conventional lightweight refractory materials with low bulk density and more pores suffer from harsh corrosion and erosion in actual applications.A type of lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)aggregates with a core-shell structure was synthesized at 1750℃using a rolling granulation method.Microstructural evolution and properties of the spherical aggregates were systematically studied.Scanning electron microscope and X-ray computed tomography results confirmed that a continuous and dense MgAl_(2)O_(4)spinel shell structure with a thickness of 200-300μm was formed on the surface.The corrosion results indicated that the corrosion index of the core-shell aggregates exhibited a 60%enhancement when compared to Al_(2)O_(3)spherical.Moreover,Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)refractory materials,which are based on the lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)spherical aggregates,possessed a higher temperature modulus of rupture of 9.19 MPa,and the retention rate of residual flexural strength reached 70%after thermal shock testing.The above results showed an improvement of 129.75 and 44.28%compared with pure Al_(2)O_(3)aggregate samples,respectively.In addition,the MgAl_(2)O_(4)spinel shell could trap the Mn,Fe elements from infiltrated slag and transfer into(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al_(2)O_(4)spinel,infiltrated CaO reacts with Sample Al_(2)O_(3)matrix to form a calcium hexaluminate(CA6)isolation layer,and the above two reasons enhance the corrosion resistance of the material.The corrosion mechanism was elaborated in detail.展开更多
Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In ...Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In this study,the effect of land use type on carbon storage and fractionation was quantified based on organic carbon and its^(13)C abundance at the microscale of soil aggregates and density fractions in Tibetan alpine ecosystems.The sequence of soil aggregate destruction in the land use types of plantation(13.1%)<shrubland(32.7%)<grassland(47.9%)<farmland(61.8%)shows that plantations strengthen the soil structure.Plantation land had a greater contribution of light fraction organic carbon(28.3%)but a lower contribution of mineral-associated organic carbon(40.6%)to the carbon stock compared to farmland(13.5 and 70.3%).Interestingly,plantation land enhanced the aggregational differentiation of organic carbon and^(13)C in each density fraction,whereas no such phenomenon existed in the soil organic carbon.Carbon isotope analyses revealed that carbon transfer in the plantation land occurred from the light fraction in macroaggregates(–24.9‰)to the mineral-associated fraction in microaggregates(–19.9‰).When compared to the other three land use types,the low transferability of carbon in aggregates and density fractions in plantation land provides a stable carbon pool for the Tibetan Plateau.This study shows that plantations can mitigate global climate change by slowing carbon transfer and increasing carbon storage at the microscale of aggregates and density fractions in alpine regions.展开更多
Enhancing soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks is a key aspect of modern agriculture,but whether this can be achieved by incorporating legume green manure crops in cereal production to substitute synthetic N fertilizers is ...Enhancing soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks is a key aspect of modern agriculture,but whether this can be achieved by incorporating legume green manure crops in cereal production to substitute synthetic N fertilizers is unknown.This study used a six-year(2017-2022)field study to explore the impacts of intercropping green manure with maize and reducing nitrogen fertilization on SOC stocks,while specifically focusing on the relationship between aggregate composition and carbon sequestration.Maize intercropped with common vetch(M/V),maize intercropped with rapeseed(M/R),and sole maize(M),were each tested at conventional(N2,360 kg ha^(-1))and reduced(N1,270 kg ha^(-1),25% reduced)N application rates.Soil was sampled in 2020,2021,and 2022.Compared with sole maize,intercropping with green manure(M/V and M/R)significantly increased SOC stocks which compensated for any negative effect due to the 25% reduction in N application.Based on 3-year averages,intercropping with M/V and M/R increased the SOC content compared to sole maize(M)by 12.1 and 9.1%,respectively,with intercropping further mitigating the negative impact of reduced nitrogen application.There was no significant difference between M/V and M/R.The SOC content at N1 was reduced by 9.3-10.5%compared to that at N2 in sole maize,but the differences in SOC stocks between N1 and N2 were not significant in the intercropping patterns(M/V and M/R).The intercropped M/V and M/R showed 20.9 and 16.3% higher SOC contents compared to sole maize at N1,with no differences at N2.Intercropping green manure led to a 5.3% greater SOC in the 0-20 cm depth soil in 2022 compared to that in 2020,due to the cumulative effect of two years of green manure intercropping.Intercropping green manure(M/V and M/R)increased the proportion of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)and aggregate stability while reducing the proportion of microaggregates compared to sole maize under the N1 application.Structural equation modeling indicated that cropping patterns and nitrogen application levels mainly affect SOC indirectly by regulating the composition of macroaggregates and aggregate organic carbon(AOC).Correlation analysis further revealed that the composition of macroaggregates is significantly and positively correlated with the SOC content(R^(2)=0.64).In addition,intercropping green manure can maintain high crop yields by increasing SOC under reduced chemical nitrogen application.The results of this study show that intercropping green manure with grain crops can be a viable measure for increasing SOC sinks and maize productivity by optimizing the aggregate composition with reduced N application in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area.展开更多
Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of re...Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of recycled coral aggregate on concrete properties,this study performed a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties of recycled coral aggregate and the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of RCAC.The test results indicate that,compared to coral debris,the crushing index of recycled coral aggregate was reduced by 9.4%,while porosity decreased by 33.5%.Furthermore,RCAC retained the early strength characteristics of coral concrete,with compressive strength and flexural strength exhibiting a notable increase as the water-cement ratio decreased.Under identical conditions,the compressive strength and flexural strength of RCAC were 12.7% and 2.5% higher than coral concrete's,respectively,with porosity correspondingly reduced from 3.13% to 5.11%.This enhancement could be attributed to the new mortar filling the recycled coral aggregate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis revealed three distinct interface transition zones within RCAC,with the‘new mortar-old mortar’interface identified as the weakest.The above findings provided a reference for the sustainable use of coral concrete in constructing offshore islands.展开更多
Received:06 December 2025;Accepted:25 February 2026;Published:30 March 2026 ABSTRACT:In the last decade,the importance of sustainable construction and artificial intelligence(AI)in civil engineering has been underline...Received:06 December 2025;Accepted:25 February 2026;Published:30 March 2026 ABSTRACT:In the last decade,the importance of sustainable construction and artificial intelligence(AI)in civil engineering has been underlined in many studies.Numerous studies highlighted the superiority of AI techniques over simple and mathematical regression analyses,which suffer from relatively poor generalization and an inability to capture highly non-linear relationships among inputs and output(s)parameters.In this study,to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete with glass powder(GP)and recycled aggregates,600 concrete samples were tested in the laboratory,and their results were evaluated.For intelligent assessment of concrete compressive strength(CCS),the study utilized an improved artificial neural network(ANN)with particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm and imperialist competitive algorithm(ICA).For training the models,the experimentally obtained data were used.The concrete ingredients formed the inputs of the AI-based predictive models of CCS.The experimental findings reveal that the implementation of recycled coarse aggregates in concrete from a sustainable construction point of view is advantageous and can enhance the CCS by 11.43%.Apart from that,findings indicate that utilization of 10%GP can lead to a nearly 20%increase in CCS(from 44.6 to 54.1 MPa).Additionally,the experimental observations show almost 40%improvement of CCS when 5%micro silica was used in the concrete mixture.Based on the findings,the study suggests the utilization of waste glass powder to partially replace cement in concrete,which can reduce the amount of cement production.This reduction from economic,energy-saving,and environmental(reduction in greenhouse gas emissions)points of view is of interest.On the other hand,the AI results show that the PSO-based ANN model outperforms the ICA-based ANN for the utilized dataset.According to the findings,the PSO-based ANN predictive model(with a coefficient of determination value of 0.939 and root mean square value of 0.113 for testing data)is a capable tool in predicting the CCS.Hence,this study recommends the implementation of AI-based models in CCS assessment.展开更多
Long-life pavement has been introduced to address the urgent need for durable and reliable transportation infrastructure.This review overviews the development of aggregates for long-life pavements and summarizes futur...Long-life pavement has been introduced to address the urgent need for durable and reliable transportation infrastructure.This review overviews the development of aggregates for long-life pavements and summarizes future research directions.The review indicates that natural aggregates,being non-renewable resources,are steadily declining in availability and may need to meet future demands.Construction solid waste aggregates are rapidly developing,with fine separation of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)and reinforcement of cementbased recycled aggregates serving as key strategies to enhance their application.Industry solid waste aggregates possess properties suitable for long-life pavements and offer additional functionalities such as cooling,conductivity,and reflectivity,demonstrating significant development potential.While artificial aggregates exhibit superior performance,their large-scale application requires consideration of economic and environmental impacts.Current aggregate evaluation methods need to address the needs of long-life pavements.Aggregate performance requirements should be graded based on mechanical stress and temperature distribution,with corresponding evaluation methods and indices developed.Evaluating the mechanical properties of aggregates should align more closely with actual stress states.Tests such as triaxial,repeated load,and wheel abrasion polishing are better suited for assessing the strength and durability of long-life pavement aggregates.Similarly,evaluating aggregates'physicochemical properties should be based on studies correlating these properties with road performance,with proposed evaluation criteria.Morphological characteristics of aggregates significantly influence asphalt mixture performance,and efficient evaluation of their profile,angularity,and texture will be a key focus of future research.展开更多
Global grassland degradation necessitates the identification of sustainable grazing management strategies.In semi-arid regions,grazing exclusion(GE),cold-season grazing(CG),and free grazing(FG)represent common practic...Global grassland degradation necessitates the identification of sustainable grazing management strategies.In semi-arid regions,grazing exclusion(GE),cold-season grazing(CG),and free grazing(FG)represent common practices in grassland ecosystems,yet the long-term ecological consequences of these patterns on plant community structure and soil aggregate stability remain inadequately elucidated.In this study,we evaluated the effects of GE,CG,and FG on soil organic carbon,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil aggregates,and vegetation indicators in Xilamuren steppe,a semi-arid grassland in northern China through field sampling and laboratory analyses in 2024.Our findings revealed that,compared to CG and FG,GE significantly enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass,species diversity,and soil physical-chemical properties in the 0–30 cm layer.The dominant plant species in GE and CG sites were Stipa krylovii,Leymus chinensis,and Agropyron cristatum,whereas Stipa krylovii,Artemisia frigida,and Leymus chinensis were predominant in FG site.Different grazing patterns led to distinct soil aggregate distributions,with>2.00 and<0.25 mm aggregates exhibiting the highest content in different soil layers depending on the grazing patterns.All grazing management strategies significantly improved soil aggregate stability,with the overall stability following the order:GE>CG>FG.Furthermore,random forest modeling identified plant species diversity,plant growth traits,and grazing patterns as the primary determinants of soil aggregate stability.Collectively,these results offer valuable insights into the sustainable management and ecological restoration of semi-arid grasslands under different grazing pressures.展开更多
Cemented rockfill(CRF)combines structural support with sustainable reuse of coal-derived solid waste.This study integrates digital image correlation,acoustic emission monitoring,and finite-discrete element simulations...Cemented rockfill(CRF)combines structural support with sustainable reuse of coal-derived solid waste.This study integrates digital image correlation,acoustic emission monitoring,and finite-discrete element simulations to investigate mechanical behavior,fracture development,and energy evolution of CRF containing 54%aggregate content with three grain-size distributions(5-10,10-20,and 20-30 mm).Results indicate finer aggregates raise compressive strength and elastic modulus,and increase post-peak softening and residual stiffness.Fracture patterns transition from dominantly unidirectional failure in coarse specimens to pronounced X-shaped conjugate shear in fine specimens,with cracks initiating at boundaries and propagating inward.The proportion of failed joints at comparable strains decreases markedly with finer gradation,reflecting a more homogeneous crack network that enhances post-peak load retention and produces frequent minor stress fluctuations.Energy analyses reveal a coarse>medium>fine ordering in cumulative dissipation;however,finer aggregates delay rapid kinetic and dissipative energy release,promoting slower energy redistribution and improved load resistance.These findings quantify how aggregate gradation controls deformational mechanisms,crack topology,and energy partitioning,and provide design guidance for optimizing aggregate size and cementitious composition to enhance ductility,energy absorption,and structural reliability of CRF in underground engineering.展开更多
The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit e...The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.展开更多
Dear Editor,Urea is a vital nitrogen(N)fertilizer in farmland soils and the natural intermediate product of various organonitrogen compounds,such as purines and amino acids(Mobley and Hausinger,1989;Glibert et al.,201...Dear Editor,Urea is a vital nitrogen(N)fertilizer in farmland soils and the natural intermediate product of various organonitrogen compounds,such as purines and amino acids(Mobley and Hausinger,1989;Glibert et al.,2014).Urea in soils is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonium by urease secreted from ureolytic microorganisms,and then assimilated by plants and microbes or involved in other N cycling pathways,including aerobic and anaerobic ammoxidation(Mobley et al.,1995;Pajares and Bohannan,2016).展开更多
Soil aggregation is a fundamental process that influences various soil properties,including structure,porosity,water infiltration,and resistance to erosion.In the Caatinga biome,preserving the soil's physical qual...Soil aggregation is a fundamental process that influences various soil properties,including structure,porosity,water infiltration,and resistance to erosion.In the Caatinga biome,preserving the soil's physical quality is crucial to the development of sustainable agriculture.In this biome,soil aggregation is critical due to the susceptibility of the semi-arid area to erosion and degradation.This study aims to evaluate the impact of converting native vegetation(NV;dense Caatinga)into two grasslands and two integrated livestock-forestry(ILF)systems on soil organic carbon(SOC)content and soil physical quality through water-stable aggregate(WSA)classes(macroaggregates,mesoaggregates,and microaggregates)and aggregation indices(mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD),and aggregate stability index(ASI)).Soil samples were collected at 0–10,10–20,20–30,30–50,50–70,and 70–100 cm layers in Nossa Senhora da Glória Municipality,Sergipe State,Brazil.The land use systems analyzed in this study included NV,an ILF system with Gliricidia(Gliricidia sepium(Jacq.)Kunth ex Walp.)+Urochloa(Urochloa decumbens(Stapf)R.D.Webster)under no-tillage(ILFug),another ILF system with Gliricidia+forage cactus(Opuntia cochenillifera(Linnaeus)Miller)under convention tillage(ILFcg),improved pasture(ImpP),and degraded pasture(DegP).Almost all parameters studied were significantly correlated with SOC content,demonstrating that soil organic matter(SOM)is a primary agent in binding soil particles together,influencing the variation in WSA and aggregation indices.The ImpP and DegP exhibited similar SOC content;however,the ImpP showed a higher ASI and increased amount of macroaggregates(particle diameter>2.000 mm).The highest SOC content was found in the ILFug system across the soil profile.There was a predominance of macroaggregates in topsoil(0–10 cm layer)regardless of land use,with the highest proportion found in NV(78.7%);while the lowest was observed in the ILFcg system(59.0%).The ILFug system also showed the greatest ASI at almost all soil layers;the exception was the 0–10 and 50–70 cm layers,where the NV had the highest values of 89.1%and 90.5%,respectively.This study demonstrates that implementing integrated systems under no-tillage as a nature-based solution can enhance SOC content and stability of soil aggregates in semi-arid environments.展开更多
This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging...This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.展开更多
文摘Raman imaging,as a molecular spectroscopy technique,has been widely studied and applied in research fields such as life sciences and food safety due to its excellent specificity and high resolution.However,its development still faces challenges such as weak signals,slow acquisition speed,and insufficient penetration depth.In recent years,the rapid development of aggregate science has provided new insights for addressing these limitations.Aggregation-induced emission(AIE)materials exhibit enhanced signals in the aggregated state,which may compensate for the inherent weak Raman signals.This article reviews the cutting-edge progress of Raman imaging technology and its current status in cross-disciplinary research with aggregate science,emphasizing the strategy of constructing AIE-Raman dual-responsive probes through molecular engineering to achieve functional complementarity between fluorescence localization and Raman quantification,thereby significantly improving detection sensitivity and specificity.These probes have demonstrated single-cell resolution and high spatiotemporal accuracy in applications such as tumor surgical navigation,diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant bacteria,and dynamic monitoring of organelles.We also analyze the bottlenecks in this field,such as biological safety and the complexity of molecular design,and outline the future development directions,including intelligent responsive probes,artificial intelligence-assisted analysis,and multimodal fusion platforms.The integration of Raman imaging and AIE sheds new light in the field of medical imaging.
基金supported by National Science Foundation of China(10972015,11172015)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8162008).
文摘In modern construction,Lightweight Aggregate Concrete(LWAC)has been recognized as a vital material of concern because of its unique properties,such as reduced density and improved thermal insulation.Despite the extensive knowledge regarding its macroscopic properties,there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the influence of microscale parameters like aggregate porosity and volume ratio on the mechanical response of LWAC.This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap,spurred by the need to enhance the predictability and applicability of LWAC in various construction environments.With the help of advanced numerical methods,including the finite element method and a random circular aggregate model,this study critically evaluates the role played by these microscale factors.We found that an increase in the aggregate porosity from 23.5%to 48.5%leads to a drastic change of weakness from the bonding interface to the aggregate,reducing compressive strength by up to 24.2%and tensile strength by 27.8%.Similarly,the increase in the volume ratio of lightweight aggregate from 25%to 40%leads to a reduction in compressive strength by 13.0%and tensile strength by 9.23%.These results highlight the imperative role of microscale properties on the mechanical properties of LWAC.By supplying precise quantitative details on the effect of porosity and aggregate volume ratio,this research makes significant contributions to construction materials science by providing useful recommendations for the creation and optimization of LWAC with improved performance and sustainability in construction.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52168022).
文摘To promote the application of green recycled construction materials in civil engineering,this study presents a statistical damage constitutive model for polypropylene fiber recycled fine aggregate concrete(PRFAC),based on the strain equivalence principle and the assumption that microelement strength follows a Weibull statistical distribution.The proposed model incorporates the Drucker-Prager failure criterion.By examining the influence of Weibull distribution parameters m and S_(0)on the stress-strain response,empirical relationships were established between the fine aggregate replacement ratio and the distribution parameters.This enabled the derivation of a theoretical stress-strain curve accounting for variable recycled fine aggragate(RFA)replacement ratios.The experimental results show that the proposed model exhibits high agreement with measured data and effectively captures the increased brittleness of PRFAC with higher RFA replacement ratios.Moreover,increasing the replacement rate accelerates internal crack propagation,reduces deformability and toughness,and significantly hastens the accumulation of internal damage in PRFAC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42201080)Young Scientific and Technological Talents Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2025ZC-KJXX-57)Special Scientific Research Program of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.21JK0967)。
文摘Freeze-thaw cycles(FTCs)have an important effect on soil aggregate stability by altering soil structures,thereby influencing soil wind and water erosion on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.However,the effects of FTCs on the stability of these soils remain unclear.Here,we conducted freeze-thaw simulations in laboratory to investigate the effects of FTCs(0 to 15 cycles)on the wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability of undisturbed sandy loam from Maqu county,which was treated with different initial soil moisture contents(1%to 25%in increments of 4%)and initial aggregate diameters(<2,2-5,5-10,and 10-15 mm).Results show that soil aggregates with initial diameters larger than 2 mm exhibit higher soil organic carbon contents(1.45%-1.57%)and silt contents(34.63%-35.52%)than those smaller than 2 mm(0.93%and 31.38%,respectively).The stability of both wet-and dry-sieving aggregates increases with larger initial diameters.Increasing initial soil moisture content from 1%to 25%reduces aggregate stability,with reductions of 2.4%-88.0%for wet-sieving aggregates and 2.1%-25.5%for dry-sieving aggregates(>2 mm).With increasing FTCs,wet-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability exhibits a fluctuating upward trend,with increases of 79.2%-87.4%after 15 FTCs,while dry-sieving aggregate(>2 mm)stability decreases significantly(5.7%-21.7%)upon the first FTC and remains unchanged thereafter.The stability of both the wet-and dry-sieving aggregates smaller than 2 mm remains unchanged with increasing FTCs(p>0.05).SOC content decreases by 22.3%on average with increasing FTCs from 1 to 15 and shows no significant correlations with wet-and dry-sieving aggregate stability.Higher silt content(r=0.39,p<0.05)and lower sand content(r=-0.38,p<0.05)enhances the wet-sieving aggregate stability of sandy loam.Frequent FTCs tend to improve wet-sieving aggregate stability but reduce dry-sieving aggregate stability in the sandy loam.The findings provide certain guidance for preventing freeze-thaw-induced wind erosion.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province under Grant No.E2025201025,the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department under Grant No.BJK2024121the Open Fund of Hebei Cangzhou Groundwater and Land Subsidence National Observation and Research Station under Grant No.CGLOS-2025-04+1 种基金the HBU Innovation Team for Multi-Disaster Prevention in Transportation Geotechnics under Grant No.IT2023C04the Research Fund for Talented Scholars of HBU under Grant No.521100221063。
文摘Tire-derived aggregate(TDA)is an engineered construction material produced from recycled scrap tires and is often used as a compressible layer overlying buried structures to reduce overburden loads.The potential amplification of ground motion in a tunnel site is well understood,but the effect of the tunnel-TDA layer system on ground surface acceleration remains unclear.In this study,both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed to evaluate the contributions of a TDA layer to the acceleration amplification at the ground surface.The numerical model was calibrated using recorded data from a shaking table test and validated against the literature results,followed by extensive parametric studies.The mechanical and geometrical parameters investigated for the TDA layer included damping ratio,density,Young’s modulus,width,thickness,and depth.The predominant frequency and intensity level of input motions were also investigated.This study showed that the presence of the TDA layer provided an additional acceleration amplification effect.The amplification was more pronounced in areas above the tunnel,particularly for the wider and shallower TDA layer subjected to high frequency and low intensity input motions.
基金Funded by"Green Construction and Maintenance of Road Engineering"the Belt and Road Joint Laboratory,International(Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)Science and Technology Cooperation Project(No.Z251100007125040)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3803403)+3 种基金the Project of Construction and Support for High-level Innovative Teams of Beijing Municipal Institutions(No.BPHR20220109)the Cultivation Project Funds for Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture(No.X24013)the BUCEA Doctor Graduate Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project(No.DG2024016)the China Scholarship Council(No.202408110091)。
文摘A comprehensive full-sieve-hole grading correction method was used to adjust aggregate gradings.The fatigue properties of recycled concrete aggregate(RCA)asphalt mixtures were investigated using an improved indirect tensile fatigue test under temperature-humidity coupling based on 20-year meteorological data of Beijing,and the degeneration mechanism was further explored by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy.The experimental results indicate that replacing 5-20 mm coarse limestone aggregate(LA)with RCA at a 50% substitution volume can mitigate the impact of RCA variations on the asphalt mixture proportioning design.All RCA asphalt mixtures have lower initial fatigue properties than the LA asphalt mixture.However,under temperature-humidity coupling,the long-term fatigue property of an RCA asphalt mixture with a low proportion of recycled brick exceeds that of the LA asphalt mixture,and the fatigue life decline rate of the RCA asphalt mixture during 10-year service decreases by approximately 25%.This is due to the penetration of the asphalt mortar into the RCA through the pores and cracks on the RCA surface.It forms an interfacial transition zone composed of asphalt mortar and cement mortar and further reduces the mixture damage caused by the water and freeze-thaw conditions.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Company(036000KK52222007(GDKJXM20222121)).
文摘As renewable energy penetration continues to rise,enhancing power system flexibility has become a critical requirement.Photovoltaic–storage–charging stations(PSCSs)are key components for enhancing local regulation capability and promoting renewable integration.However,evaluating the adjustable capability of such hybrid stations while considering security constraints remains a major challenge.This paper first analyzes the adjustable capabilities of all the resources within such a station based on the power-energy boundary(PEB)model.Then,an optimal formulation is proposed to obtain the adjusted parameters of the aggregate feasible region(AFR)model,which embeds low-dimensional linear models within high-dimensional linear models to improve the accuracy.To solve this formulation,it is transformed using duality theory and an alternating optimization algorithm is designed to obtain the solution.Finally,a multi-station adjustable capability aggregation method considering security constraints is introduced.Simulation results verify that the proposed method effectively reduces infeasible regions and improves smoothness of aggregated boundaries,providing an accurate and practical tool for flexibility evaluation in PSCSs and offering guidance for aggregators and system planners.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220626)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52078068)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of NIT(No.KCTD006)Jiangsu Marine Structure Service Performance Improvement Engineering Research CenterKey Laboratory of Jiangsu"Marine Floating Wind Power Technology and Equipment"。
文摘We investigated the effects of fly ash(FA)content on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)and its regeneration potential under freeze and thaw(F-T)cycles.The physical properties of second-generation recycled concrete aggregates(RCA)were used to analyze the regeneration potential of RAC after F-T cycles.Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the interfacial transition zone microstructure of RAC after F-T cycles.Results showed that adding 20%FA to RAC significantly enhanced its mechanical properties and frost resistance.Before the F-T cycles,the compressive strength of RAC with 20%FA reached 48.3 MPa,exceeding research strength target of 40 MPa.A majority of second-generation RCA with FA had been verified to attain class Ⅲ,which enabled their practical application in non-structural projects such as backfill trenches and road pavement.However,the second-generation RCA with 20%FA can achieve class Ⅱ,making it ideal for 40 MPa structural concrete.
基金funded by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2058)Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2024CSA075)support from the Taizhou Fengcheng Talent Program(2024).
文摘Conventional lightweight refractory materials with low bulk density and more pores suffer from harsh corrosion and erosion in actual applications.A type of lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)aggregates with a core-shell structure was synthesized at 1750℃using a rolling granulation method.Microstructural evolution and properties of the spherical aggregates were systematically studied.Scanning electron microscope and X-ray computed tomography results confirmed that a continuous and dense MgAl_(2)O_(4)spinel shell structure with a thickness of 200-300μm was formed on the surface.The corrosion results indicated that the corrosion index of the core-shell aggregates exhibited a 60%enhancement when compared to Al_(2)O_(3)spherical.Moreover,Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)refractory materials,which are based on the lightweight Al_(2)O_(3)-MgAl_(2)O_(4)spherical aggregates,possessed a higher temperature modulus of rupture of 9.19 MPa,and the retention rate of residual flexural strength reached 70%after thermal shock testing.The above results showed an improvement of 129.75 and 44.28%compared with pure Al_(2)O_(3)aggregate samples,respectively.In addition,the MgAl_(2)O_(4)spinel shell could trap the Mn,Fe elements from infiltrated slag and transfer into(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al_(2)O_(4)spinel,infiltrated CaO reacts with Sample Al_(2)O_(3)matrix to form a calcium hexaluminate(CA6)isolation layer,and the above two reasons enhance the corrosion resistance of the material.The corrosion mechanism was elaborated in detail.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42477044,32171648 and U23A2017)the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Program,China(2025AFD451 and 2022CFB030)。
文摘Insight into the carbon turnover in soil aggregates and density fractions is essential for reducing the uncertainty in estimating carbon pools on the Tibetan Plateau,and how they vary with land use type is unclear.In this study,the effect of land use type on carbon storage and fractionation was quantified based on organic carbon and its^(13)C abundance at the microscale of soil aggregates and density fractions in Tibetan alpine ecosystems.The sequence of soil aggregate destruction in the land use types of plantation(13.1%)<shrubland(32.7%)<grassland(47.9%)<farmland(61.8%)shows that plantations strengthen the soil structure.Plantation land had a greater contribution of light fraction organic carbon(28.3%)but a lower contribution of mineral-associated organic carbon(40.6%)to the carbon stock compared to farmland(13.5 and 70.3%).Interestingly,plantation land enhanced the aggregational differentiation of organic carbon and^(13)C in each density fraction,whereas no such phenomenon existed in the soil organic carbon.Carbon isotope analyses revealed that carbon transfer in the plantation land occurred from the light fraction in macroaggregates(–24.9‰)to the mineral-associated fraction in microaggregates(–19.9‰).When compared to the other three land use types,the low transferability of carbon in aggregates and density fractions in plantation land provides a stable carbon pool for the Tibetan Plateau.This study shows that plantations can mitigate global climate change by slowing carbon transfer and increasing carbon storage at the microscale of aggregates and density fractions in alpine regions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218 and 32372238)+1 种基金the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-22-G-12)the“Innovation Star”Program of Graduate Students in 2025 of Gansu Province,China(2025CXZX-749)。
文摘Enhancing soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks is a key aspect of modern agriculture,but whether this can be achieved by incorporating legume green manure crops in cereal production to substitute synthetic N fertilizers is unknown.This study used a six-year(2017-2022)field study to explore the impacts of intercropping green manure with maize and reducing nitrogen fertilization on SOC stocks,while specifically focusing on the relationship between aggregate composition and carbon sequestration.Maize intercropped with common vetch(M/V),maize intercropped with rapeseed(M/R),and sole maize(M),were each tested at conventional(N2,360 kg ha^(-1))and reduced(N1,270 kg ha^(-1),25% reduced)N application rates.Soil was sampled in 2020,2021,and 2022.Compared with sole maize,intercropping with green manure(M/V and M/R)significantly increased SOC stocks which compensated for any negative effect due to the 25% reduction in N application.Based on 3-year averages,intercropping with M/V and M/R increased the SOC content compared to sole maize(M)by 12.1 and 9.1%,respectively,with intercropping further mitigating the negative impact of reduced nitrogen application.There was no significant difference between M/V and M/R.The SOC content at N1 was reduced by 9.3-10.5%compared to that at N2 in sole maize,but the differences in SOC stocks between N1 and N2 were not significant in the intercropping patterns(M/V and M/R).The intercropped M/V and M/R showed 20.9 and 16.3% higher SOC contents compared to sole maize at N1,with no differences at N2.Intercropping green manure led to a 5.3% greater SOC in the 0-20 cm depth soil in 2022 compared to that in 2020,due to the cumulative effect of two years of green manure intercropping.Intercropping green manure(M/V and M/R)increased the proportion of macroaggregates(>0.25 mm)and aggregate stability while reducing the proportion of microaggregates compared to sole maize under the N1 application.Structural equation modeling indicated that cropping patterns and nitrogen application levels mainly affect SOC indirectly by regulating the composition of macroaggregates and aggregate organic carbon(AOC).Correlation analysis further revealed that the composition of macroaggregates is significantly and positively correlated with the SOC content(R^(2)=0.64).In addition,intercropping green manure can maintain high crop yields by increasing SOC under reduced chemical nitrogen application.The results of this study show that intercropping green manure with grain crops can be a viable measure for increasing SOC sinks and maize productivity by optimizing the aggregate composition with reduced N application in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area.
基金Funded by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2025GXNSFBA069565)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(No.AD25069101)Guangxi Bagui Scholars Fund。
文摘Crushing waste coral concrete into recycled aggregates to create recycled coral aggregate concrete(RCAC)contributes to sustainable construction development on offshore islands and reefs.To investigate the impact of recycled coral aggregate on concrete properties,this study performed a comprehensive analysis of the physical properties of recycled coral aggregate and the basic mechanical properties and microstructure of RCAC.The test results indicate that,compared to coral debris,the crushing index of recycled coral aggregate was reduced by 9.4%,while porosity decreased by 33.5%.Furthermore,RCAC retained the early strength characteristics of coral concrete,with compressive strength and flexural strength exhibiting a notable increase as the water-cement ratio decreased.Under identical conditions,the compressive strength and flexural strength of RCAC were 12.7% and 2.5% higher than coral concrete's,respectively,with porosity correspondingly reduced from 3.13% to 5.11%.This enhancement could be attributed to the new mortar filling the recycled coral aggregate.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis revealed three distinct interface transition zones within RCAC,with the‘new mortar-old mortar’interface identified as the weakest.The above findings provided a reference for the sustainable use of coral concrete in constructing offshore islands.
文摘Received:06 December 2025;Accepted:25 February 2026;Published:30 March 2026 ABSTRACT:In the last decade,the importance of sustainable construction and artificial intelligence(AI)in civil engineering has been underlined in many studies.Numerous studies highlighted the superiority of AI techniques over simple and mathematical regression analyses,which suffer from relatively poor generalization and an inability to capture highly non-linear relationships among inputs and output(s)parameters.In this study,to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete with glass powder(GP)and recycled aggregates,600 concrete samples were tested in the laboratory,and their results were evaluated.For intelligent assessment of concrete compressive strength(CCS),the study utilized an improved artificial neural network(ANN)with particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm and imperialist competitive algorithm(ICA).For training the models,the experimentally obtained data were used.The concrete ingredients formed the inputs of the AI-based predictive models of CCS.The experimental findings reveal that the implementation of recycled coarse aggregates in concrete from a sustainable construction point of view is advantageous and can enhance the CCS by 11.43%.Apart from that,findings indicate that utilization of 10%GP can lead to a nearly 20%increase in CCS(from 44.6 to 54.1 MPa).Additionally,the experimental observations show almost 40%improvement of CCS when 5%micro silica was used in the concrete mixture.Based on the findings,the study suggests the utilization of waste glass powder to partially replace cement in concrete,which can reduce the amount of cement production.This reduction from economic,energy-saving,and environmental(reduction in greenhouse gas emissions)points of view is of interest.On the other hand,the AI results show that the PSO-based ANN model outperforms the ICA-based ANN for the utilized dataset.According to the findings,the PSO-based ANN predictive model(with a coefficient of determination value of 0.939 and root mean square value of 0.113 for testing data)is a capable tool in predicting the CCS.Hence,this study recommends the implementation of AI-based models in CCS assessment.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52178420,52408476)Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Transportation Construction Investment Group Co.,Ltd.(202410)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20242207)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.DZJJ.2023086).
文摘Long-life pavement has been introduced to address the urgent need for durable and reliable transportation infrastructure.This review overviews the development of aggregates for long-life pavements and summarizes future research directions.The review indicates that natural aggregates,being non-renewable resources,are steadily declining in availability and may need to meet future demands.Construction solid waste aggregates are rapidly developing,with fine separation of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)and reinforcement of cementbased recycled aggregates serving as key strategies to enhance their application.Industry solid waste aggregates possess properties suitable for long-life pavements and offer additional functionalities such as cooling,conductivity,and reflectivity,demonstrating significant development potential.While artificial aggregates exhibit superior performance,their large-scale application requires consideration of economic and environmental impacts.Current aggregate evaluation methods need to address the needs of long-life pavements.Aggregate performance requirements should be graded based on mechanical stress and temperature distribution,with corresponding evaluation methods and indices developed.Evaluating the mechanical properties of aggregates should align more closely with actual stress states.Tests such as triaxial,repeated load,and wheel abrasion polishing are better suited for assessing the strength and durability of long-life pavement aggregates.Similarly,evaluating aggregates'physicochemical properties should be based on studies correlating these properties with road performance,with proposed evaluation criteria.Morphological characteristics of aggregates significantly influence asphalt mixture performance,and efficient evaluation of their profile,angularity,and texture will be a key focus of future research.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1306305)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Project(2025QN03106)+1 种基金the Research Start-up Project for the Introduction of High-level and Outstanding Doctoral Talent at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(NDYB2024-42)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42201012).
文摘Global grassland degradation necessitates the identification of sustainable grazing management strategies.In semi-arid regions,grazing exclusion(GE),cold-season grazing(CG),and free grazing(FG)represent common practices in grassland ecosystems,yet the long-term ecological consequences of these patterns on plant community structure and soil aggregate stability remain inadequately elucidated.In this study,we evaluated the effects of GE,CG,and FG on soil organic carbon,soil water content,soil bulk density,soil aggregates,and vegetation indicators in Xilamuren steppe,a semi-arid grassland in northern China through field sampling and laboratory analyses in 2024.Our findings revealed that,compared to CG and FG,GE significantly enhanced aboveground and belowground biomass,species diversity,and soil physical-chemical properties in the 0–30 cm layer.The dominant plant species in GE and CG sites were Stipa krylovii,Leymus chinensis,and Agropyron cristatum,whereas Stipa krylovii,Artemisia frigida,and Leymus chinensis were predominant in FG site.Different grazing patterns led to distinct soil aggregate distributions,with>2.00 and<0.25 mm aggregates exhibiting the highest content in different soil layers depending on the grazing patterns.All grazing management strategies significantly improved soil aggregate stability,with the overall stability following the order:GE>CG>FG.Furthermore,random forest modeling identified plant species diversity,plant growth traits,and grazing patterns as the primary determinants of soil aggregate stability.Collectively,these results offer valuable insights into the sustainable management and ecological restoration of semi-arid grasslands under different grazing pressures.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52478389 and 52525401).
文摘Cemented rockfill(CRF)combines structural support with sustainable reuse of coal-derived solid waste.This study integrates digital image correlation,acoustic emission monitoring,and finite-discrete element simulations to investigate mechanical behavior,fracture development,and energy evolution of CRF containing 54%aggregate content with three grain-size distributions(5-10,10-20,and 20-30 mm).Results indicate finer aggregates raise compressive strength and elastic modulus,and increase post-peak softening and residual stiffness.Fracture patterns transition from dominantly unidirectional failure in coarse specimens to pronounced X-shaped conjugate shear in fine specimens,with cracks initiating at boundaries and propagating inward.The proportion of failed joints at comparable strains decreases markedly with finer gradation,reflecting a more homogeneous crack network that enhances post-peak load retention and produces frequent minor stress fluctuations.Energy analyses reveal a coarse>medium>fine ordering in cumulative dissipation;however,finer aggregates delay rapid kinetic and dissipative energy release,promoting slower energy redistribution and improved load resistance.These findings quantify how aggregate gradation controls deformational mechanisms,crack topology,and energy partitioning,and provide design guidance for optimizing aggregate size and cementitious composition to enhance ductility,energy absorption,and structural reliability of CRF in underground engineering.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.BG 2024020).XPSWAXS and TOF-SIMS characterizations were supported by Nano-X(Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation,Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO),Suzhou 215123,China)。
文摘The practical application of lithium metal batteries(LMBs)requires electrolytes that simultaneously ensure high safety and interfacial stability.Although locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes(LCILEs)exhibit exceptional electrochemical stability and compatibility with electrode electrolyte interfaces(EEIs),two major challenges persist:(i)safety risks caused by excessive low-flash-point diluents,and(ii)insufficient understanding of how diluents modulate solvation structures.Herein,we introduce a low-diluent-content LCILE system composed of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)salt,N-methyl-N-propyl-pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(Pyr_(13)FSI)ionic liquid,and trifluoromethanesulfonate(TFS)diluent.The TFS diluent strengthens ion-ion interactions by lowering the dielectric constant of the electrolyte,resulting in the formation of a unique nanometric anion aggregates(N-AGGs)reinforced solvation structure.These large anionic clusters exhibit accelerated redox decomposition kinetics,facilitating the rapid formation of a thin,dense,and low-impedance EEI.Consequently,the Li/LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)coin cell achieves 87.8%capacity retention over 300 cycles at 4.3 V,while a practical 1.4 Ah Li/NCM622 pouch cell retains 84.5%capacity after 80 cycles at 4.5 V.Furthermore,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional safety,and 2 Ah Li metal pouch cells successfully pass rigorous nail penetration tests without any ignition or explosion.This work not only provides a design strategy for intrinsically safe and high-performance electrolytes but also highlights the critical role of anion cluster decomposition kinetics in shaping EEI formation.
基金supported by the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42020104003)。
文摘Dear Editor,Urea is a vital nitrogen(N)fertilizer in farmland soils and the natural intermediate product of various organonitrogen compounds,such as purines and amino acids(Mobley and Hausinger,1989;Glibert et al.,2014).Urea in soils is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonium by urease secreted from ureolytic microorganisms,and then assimilated by plants and microbes or involved in other N cycling pathways,including aerobic and anaerobic ammoxidation(Mobley et al.,1995;Pajares and Bohannan,2016).
基金the support of the Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation(RCGI),hosted by the University of São Paulo(USP)and sponsored by Shell Brasilthe Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)for granting the scholarship to the corresponding authorDr.Stoécio Malta Ferreira MAIA(311741/2021-5)and Dr.Maurício Roberto CHERUBIN(311787/2021-5)thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)for their Research Productivity Fellowships。
文摘Soil aggregation is a fundamental process that influences various soil properties,including structure,porosity,water infiltration,and resistance to erosion.In the Caatinga biome,preserving the soil's physical quality is crucial to the development of sustainable agriculture.In this biome,soil aggregation is critical due to the susceptibility of the semi-arid area to erosion and degradation.This study aims to evaluate the impact of converting native vegetation(NV;dense Caatinga)into two grasslands and two integrated livestock-forestry(ILF)systems on soil organic carbon(SOC)content and soil physical quality through water-stable aggregate(WSA)classes(macroaggregates,mesoaggregates,and microaggregates)and aggregation indices(mean weight diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD),and aggregate stability index(ASI)).Soil samples were collected at 0–10,10–20,20–30,30–50,50–70,and 70–100 cm layers in Nossa Senhora da Glória Municipality,Sergipe State,Brazil.The land use systems analyzed in this study included NV,an ILF system with Gliricidia(Gliricidia sepium(Jacq.)Kunth ex Walp.)+Urochloa(Urochloa decumbens(Stapf)R.D.Webster)under no-tillage(ILFug),another ILF system with Gliricidia+forage cactus(Opuntia cochenillifera(Linnaeus)Miller)under convention tillage(ILFcg),improved pasture(ImpP),and degraded pasture(DegP).Almost all parameters studied were significantly correlated with SOC content,demonstrating that soil organic matter(SOM)is a primary agent in binding soil particles together,influencing the variation in WSA and aggregation indices.The ImpP and DegP exhibited similar SOC content;however,the ImpP showed a higher ASI and increased amount of macroaggregates(particle diameter>2.000 mm).The highest SOC content was found in the ILFug system across the soil profile.There was a predominance of macroaggregates in topsoil(0–10 cm layer)regardless of land use,with the highest proportion found in NV(78.7%);while the lowest was observed in the ILFcg system(59.0%).The ILFug system also showed the greatest ASI at almost all soil layers;the exception was the 0–10 and 50–70 cm layers,where the NV had the highest values of 89.1%and 90.5%,respectively.This study demonstrates that implementing integrated systems under no-tillage as a nature-based solution can enhance SOC content and stability of soil aggregates in semi-arid environments.
基金State Grid Henan Power Company Science and Technology Project‘Key Technology and Demonstration Application of Multi-Domain Electric Vehicle Aggregated Charging Load Dispatch’(5217L0240003).
文摘This paper introduces a method for modeling the entire aggregated electric vehicle(EV)charging process and analyzing its dispatchable capabilities.The methodology involves developing a model for aggregated EV charging at the charging station level,estimating its physical dispatchable capability,determining its economic dispatchable capability under economic incentives,modeling its participation in the grid,and investigating the effects of different scenarios and EV penetration on the aggregated load dispatch and dispatchable capability.The results indicate that using economic dispatchable capability reduces charging prices by 9.7%compared to physical dispatchable capability and 9.3%compared to disorderly charging.Additionally,the peak-to-valley difference is reduced by 64.6%when applying economic dispatchable capability with 20%EV penetration and residential base load,compared to disorderly charging.
