BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has a potentially lasting influence on subthreshold depressive symptoms(SDS)and major depressive disorder(MDD).This study aimed to explore the association of childhood maltreatment wi...BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has a potentially lasting influence on subthreshold depressive symptoms(SDS)and major depressive disorder(MDD).This study aimed to explore the association of childhood maltreatment with MDD and SDS,focusing on the differences between young and middle-aged adults.AIMTo examine the associations among childhood maltreatment, SDS, and MDD in young and middle-aged adults.METHODSA total of 3209 adults were recruited from 34 primary healthcare settings. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28item Short Form was used to assess childhood maltreatment. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used toassess SDS and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview depression module was used to assess MDD.RESULTSChildhood maltreatment was significantly associated with higher odds of developing SDS and MDD than in thenon-depressed control group (P < 0.05). Childhood maltreatment significantly increased the risk of developing SDSin young adults but was not significantly associated with SDS in middle-aged adults (P = 0.055). Conversely,childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with MDD in both young (P < 0.001) and middle-aged adults(P < 0.05). In young adults, various types of childhood maltreatment were associated with MDD;however, onlyemotional abuse and neglect were significantly associated with MDD in middle-aged adults.CONCLUSIONOur study revealed a strong association among childhood maltreatment, SDS, and MDD across age groups,highlighting the impact of emotional abuse and need for trauma-informed depression care.展开更多
Patients with leukemia often suffer from the combined effects of cancer-related fatigue(CRF)and subthreshold depression,which mutually exacerbate each other in a vicious cycle.In this editorial,we comment on the artic...Patients with leukemia often suffer from the combined effects of cancer-related fatigue(CRF)and subthreshold depression,which mutually exacerbate each other in a vicious cycle.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry.We further elucidate the profound impact of subthreshold depressive symptoms on the experience of CRF and complications in patients with leukemia.This editorial highlights the importance of early identification and treatment of subclinical depression,and advocates for a multidisciplinary and integrated treatment approach that includes social support,psychological interventions,and individualized treatment plans.Future research needs to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between the two to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept combined with 577 nm subthreshold micropulse laser(STML)for treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted.From October 2022 ...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept combined with 577 nm subthreshold micropulse laser(STML)for treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted.From October 2022 to March 2024,72 patients diagnosed with DME at the outpatient clinic were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups:the simple group(treated with conbercept alone)and the combination group(treated with 577 nm STML combined with conbercept).The following itmes were compared between the two groups:best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ),vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP),retinal mean sensitivity(RMS),injection numbers,and the number of cases with adverse effects.RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 57.13±8.76(range 34-77)y with DR history of 0.89±0.55y.With the progression of treatment,both groups showed significant improvements in BCVA,CMT,DCP vessel density,and RMS compared to baselines(all,P<0.05).At 3 and 6mo after treatment,the combination group exhibited significantly better outcomes in BCVA,CMT,DCP vessel density,and RMS than the simple group(P<0.05).During the treatment period,neither group showed significant improvements in FAZ and SCP vessel density(P>0.05),and no significant differences in FAZ and SCP vessel density were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).The average number of injections required in the combination group was lower than that in the simple group(3.33±0.68 vs 4.06±0.96,P<0.05).No other serious ophthalmic adverse events were observed in either group.CONCLUSION:Conbercept combined with STML has better outcomes for treatment of DME and less intravitreal injections compared to conbercept monotherapy.展开更多
Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lyci...Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients not only experience symptoms caused by cancer but also suffer from the accompanying psychological pain.Therefore,these patients do not have high quality of life.According to the World Health Organi...BACKGROUND Patients not only experience symptoms caused by cancer but also suffer from the accompanying psychological pain.Therefore,these patients do not have high quality of life.According to the World Health Organization,the incidence of leukemia in China in 2020 was 5.1/100000,the mortality rate was 3.3/100000,and the prevalence rate was 16.7/100000.Therefore,it is important to examine the influence of comorbid subthreshold depressive symptoms on leukemia patients.AIM To determine the impact of comorbid subthreshold depressive symptoms on cancer-related fatigue and complications in leukemia patients,thereby providing a basis for early diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among leukemia patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,China,from August 2022 to December 2023.Patients with a score>16 on the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders(CCMD-3)and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 8-17 were classified as the subthreshold depressive group(n=95),while 100 leukemia patients admitted during the same period were classified as the control group.Data were collected using Epidata 3.1 software,and comparisons were made between the two groups regarding general clinical data,the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),the Numeric Rating Scale for pain assessment,laboratory indicators,and the occurrence of complications.RESULTS In this survey,120 leukemia patients with depression were preliminarily screened,95 patients with subthreshold depression were ultimately selected as the subthreshold depression group,and 100 leukemia patients admitted during the same period were enrolled as the normal group.Comparison of basic clinical data between the two groups revealed no significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,cognitive function,or comorbidity with other chronic diseases.However,there were statistically significant differences in the use of radiotherapy and regular exercise between the two groups(P<0.05).Comparisons of scales and laboratory indicators revealed no significant differences in albumin or PSQI scores between the two groups,but there were statistically significant differences in pain scores,PSQI scores,PFS scores,hemoglobin levels,and C-reactive protein levels(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that cancer-related fatigue was correlated with age,hemoglobin levels,C-reactive protein levels,pain,and regular exercise among leukemia patients with subthreshold depression.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that advanced age,combined radiotherapy,pain,and low hemoglobin levels were risk factors for cancer-related fatigue in leukemia patients with comorbid subthreshold depression,while regular exercise was a protective factor against cancer-related fatigue.Follow-up comparisons revealed a significantly lower overall incidence of complications in the control group(4%)than in the depressive group(24.21%;P<0.001).CONCLUSION Leukemia patients with comorbid subthreshold depressive symptoms experience more severe cancer-related fatigue and a higher incidence of complications.These findings may be related to advanced age,combined radiotherapy,pain,and low hemoglobin levels,while regular exercise may effectively alleviate symptoms.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for subthreshold depression(SD),and elucidate the detalied mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder(DZXY)in SD.Methods:Using RNA-sequencing,we id...Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for subthreshold depression(SD),and elucidate the detalied mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder(DZXY)in SD.Methods:Using RNA-sequencing,we identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in leukocytes of SD compared to healthy controls,deciphered their functions and pathways,and identified the hub genes of SD.We also assessed changes in leukocyte transcription factor activity in patients with SD using the TELis platform.The Connectivity Map database was retrieved to screen candidate drugs for SD.Based on network pharmacology,we elucidated the"multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway"mechanism of DZXY in the treatment of SD.Results:We identified 1080 DEGs(padj<0.05 and|log2(fold change)l≥1&protein coding)in the leukocytes of patients with SD.These DEGs,including hub genes,were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory response-related processes.Transcription factor activity analysis revealed similarities between the leukocyte transcriptome profile in SD and the conserved transcriptional response to adversities in immune cells.Connectivity Map analysis identified 28 potential drugs for SD treatment,particularly SB-202190 and TWS-119.Constructing the"Direct Compounds-Direct Targets-Pathways"network for DZXY and SD revealed the curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD,primarily including inflammatory response,lipid metabolism,immune response,and other processes.Conclusion:These results provide new insights into the characteristics and functional changes of leukocytes in SD,partially illustrate the pathogenesis of SD,and suggest potential drugs for SD.The curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD are also partially elucidated.展开更多
AIM:To compare the short-term effectiveness of intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation and 577-nm subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)treatment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHOD...AIM:To compare the short-term effectiveness of intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation and 577-nm subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)treatment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:This observational retrospective cohort study included 60 consecutive patients who underwent intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation(n=30)or 577-nm SML treatment(n=30)for cCSC between Jan.2021 and Oct.2022.During 3mo follow-up,all patients underwent assessments of best correct visual acuity(BCVA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT).RESULTS:The operation of laser treatment was successful in all cases.At 1mo,BCVA improved significantly more in the intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation group compared to the SML group(P<0.05).The change was not significantly different at 3mo(P>0.05).Central macular thickness(CMT)in the intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation group was lower than in the SML group at 1mo(P<0.05).The subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in two groups were all significantly improved at 3mo(all P<0.05).The change between two groups was not significantly different at 1mo or at 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation is superior to SML for treating cCSC,leading to better improvements in vision and CMT for short term.展开更多
A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical...A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical models. However,it provides favorable estimations of CMOS process fluctuations on the SCM circuit, which makes it promising for engineering applications. The model statistically abstracts physical parameters, which depend on the IC process, into random variables with certain mean values and standard deviations, while aggregating all the random impacts into a discrete martingale. The correctness of the proposed method is experimentally verified on an SCM circuit implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M mixed signal process with a conversion factor of 100 in an input range from 100pA to lμA. The pro- posed theory successfully predicts - 10% of die-to-die fluctuation measured in the experiment, and also suggests the -lmV of threshold voltage standard deviation over a single die,which meets the process parameters suggested by the design kit from the foundry. The deviations between calculated probabilities and measured data are less than 8%. Meanwhile, pertinent suggestions concerning high fluctuation tolerance subthreshold analog circuit design are also made and discussed.展开更多
Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition in adolescents who are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.In preclinical models of neurological and psychiatric diseases,Lycium barbarum polys...Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition in adolescents who are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.In preclinical models of neurological and psychiatric diseases,Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)extracted from Goji berries had antidepressant effects including but not limited to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the effect of LBP on subthreshold depression is unclear.To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of LBP for treating subthreshold depression in adolescents,we conducted a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial(RCT)with 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression recruited at The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.The participants were randomly assigned to groups where they received either 300 mg LBP(LBP group,n=15,3 boys and 12 girls aged 15.13±2.17 years)or a placebo(placebo group,n=14,2 boys and 12 girls aged 15±1.71 years)for 6 successive weeks.Interim analyses revealed that the LBP group exhibited a greater change in Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24)scores relative to the baseline and a higher remission rate(HAMD-24 total score≤7)at 6 weeks compared with the placebo group.Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI-II),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(Kessler),and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED)were similar between the LBP and placebo groups.No side effects related to the intervention were reported in either group.These results indicate that LBP administration reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.Furthermore,LBP was well tolerated with no treatment-limiting adverse events.Clinical trials involving a larger sample size are needed to further confirm the anti-depressive effects of LBP in adolescents with subthreshold depression.This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou,China;approval No.L2019-08)on April 4,2019 and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT04032795)on July 25,2019.展开更多
·AIM:To analyze the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC).·METHODS:This is a retrospective case analysis study.Totally 58 ey...·AIM:To analyze the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC).·METHODS:This is a retrospective case analysis study.Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were enrolled,and they were divided into different groups.And 39 patients were treated with SML(SML group)and 19 patients were only observed(observation group).The follow-up period was 3mo after diagnosis.The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness(CRT),superficial retinal vascular density(SRVD),deep retinal vascular density(DRVD),the superficial and deep foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area,retinal light sensitivity(RLS),perfusion area of choroidal capillary layer(CCL),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and fundus autofluorescence(FAF)were investigated.·RESULTS:The BCVA,CRT,SRVD,DRVD,the superficial and deep FAZ area,RLS,SFCT of SML group were significantly improved at 3mo(all P<0.05).In the observation group,only CRT,DRVD and SFCT were improved(all P<0.05).Other research items in the observation group were not significantly different from baseline(all P>0.05).At the last follow-up,the BCVA and RLS in the SML group were better than those in the observation group,and CRT was lower,SRVD and DRVD,perfusion area of CCL were larger(all P<0.05).On FAF,no change of treatment spots was found after treatment.No structural laser damage was observed on optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and no choroidal neovascularization was observed.·CONCLUSION:SML treatment of acute CSC can improve BCVA,RLS,and perfusion area of CCL,reduce CRT,increase SRVD and DRVD,and is safe.展开更多
AIM:To compare the effects of yellow(577 nm)subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)and intravitreal(IV)anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)with relatively bett...AIM:To compare the effects of yellow(577 nm)subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)and intravitreal(IV)anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)with relatively better visual acuity[best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≤0.15 log MAR].METHODS:The medical records of 76 eyes of 47 patients underwent IV(0.5 mg)anti-VEGF injection or SML for the DME with relatively better BCVA were reviewed.The IV group received three consecutive monthly IV anti-VEGF injections,then were retreated as needed.The laser treatment group was treated at baseline and 3 mo,and then retreated at 6 and 9 mo if needed.All participants were followed up for one year.The mean BCVA and mean central macular thickness(CMT)values changes over the follow-up were evaluated.RESULTS:Twenty-four and 23 patients were assigned to the SML and IV subgroups,respectively.The mean number of treatments was 3.64±0.76 in SML group and 5.85±1.38 in IV group(P<0.05).The subgroups were similar with regard to the mean BCVA score at baseline and at the 1st and 3rd months,but the score of SML group was better than that of IV group at the 6th,9th,and 12th months(P<0.05).The decrease in the mean CMT values from baseline values was higher in SML group at the 6th,9th,and 12th months(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Yellow SML treatment is superior to IV anti-VEGF injection in DME patients with relatively better BCVA for increasing visual acuity and decreasing CMT at 6,9,and 12 mo.SML can be a good alternative first-line therapy for DME with BCVA≤0.15 log MAR.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and visual outcomes of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment(D-PED) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration(AMD) eyes treated with 577 nm yellow subthreshold microp...AIM: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and visual outcomes of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment(D-PED) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration(AMD) eyes treated with 577 nm yellow subthreshold micropulse laser(SML).METHODS: In this retrospective study, 21 eyes of 16 patients with D-PED in intermediate AMD were consecutively included and assessed.All the eyes were treated with 577 nm SML in several sessions according to D-PED growth status.The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were assessed at the initial visit and after treatment.Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) was performed to evaluate the D-PED lifecycle by volumetric calculations.Regression analysis was used to determine the breakpoint, growth, and collapse rate of the D-PED lesions.The progression to advanced AMD was also documented.RESULTS: All the eyes were treated with SML for 2.9±1.0 sessions.The mean follow-up period was 25.3±12.6 mo.The BCVA was stable from the baseline to final visit.All the eyes were categorized into two groups according to the anatomical changes of the D-PED lesion: the collapse group(n=6, 28.6%) and non-collapse group(n=15, 71.4%).The change in logMAR BCVA did not differ significantly between the collapse group 0.00(-0.31, 0.85) and non-collapse group 0.00(0.00, 0.00;P=1).Regression analysis showed that the growth rate was significantly higher in the collapse group(0.090±0.095 mm;/mo) than in the non-collapse group(0.025±0.035 mm;/mo;P<0.001).One eye(4.8%) developed macular neovascularization at 11 mo after SML treatment in the non-collapse group.Three eyes(14.3%) developed geographic atrophy(GA) in the collapse group.CONCLUSION: Compared to the natural course of D-PED reported by previous studies, our results preliminarily show that SML can alleviate visual loss and possibility of progression to advanced AMD in eyes with D-PED in intermediate AMD.A controlled clinical trial needs to further verify the benefit of the intervention.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser(SMYL)in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CCSC).METHODS:The medical records of 58 eyes of 58 patients with CCSC w...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser(SMYL)in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CCSC).METHODS:The medical records of 58 eyes of 58 patients with CCSC were reviewed.A 577-nm SMYL system was used for the treatment.Fundus fluorescein angiography was used as the primary method of identifying CCSC,and resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF)evaluated by optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus autofluorescence.Central macular thickness(CMT),central macular volume(CMV),total macular volume(TMV),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT),subretinal fluid height(SRFH),and subfoveal fluid basement diameter values were measured by spectral domain-OCT(SD-OCT)for all eyes.RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 42.4±9.9(range:20-72)y.The mean follow-up was 11.4±8.5(range:6-37)mo.Median BCVA at at the final follow up after treatment was statistically significant from the baseline.Complete SRF resolution was 12.1%of the eyes in the 1^st month,67.2%of the eyes in the 3rd month and 67.2%of the eyes in the last follow up.The initial median CMT,CMV,TMV,and SFCT values before treatment was significantly higher than 3^rd month visit values(P<0.001).In the multivariate analysis performed,age and disease duration were found to be a risk factor for persistent SRF(P=0.017,P=0.016,respectively).CONCLUSION:SMYL treatment provides a significant anatomical and functional improvement and is effective in eliminating SRF in eyes with CCSC.展开更多
In this paper,we analytically study the relationship between the coercive field,remnant polarization and the thickness of a ferroelectric material,required for the minimum subthreshold swing in a negative capacitance ...In this paper,we analytically study the relationship between the coercive field,remnant polarization and the thickness of a ferroelectric material,required for the minimum subthreshold swing in a negative capacitance capacitor.The interdependence of the ferroelectric material properties shown in this study is defined by the capacitance matching conditions in the subthreshold region in an NC capacitor.In this paper,we propose an analytical model to find the optimal ferroelectric thickness and channel doping to achieve a minimum subthreshold swing,due to a particular ferroelectric material.Our results have been validated against the numerical and experimental results already available in the literature.Furthermore,we obtain the minimum possible subthreshold swing for different ferroelectric materials used in the gate stack of an NC-FET in the context of a manufacturable semiconductor technology.Our results are presented in the form of a table,which shows the calculated channel doping,ferroelectric thickness and minimum subthreshold for five different ferroelectric materials.展开更多
We propose a scaling theory for single gate Al In Sb/In Sb high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson equation. In our model, the effective conductive path effect（ECPE） ...We propose a scaling theory for single gate Al In Sb/In Sb high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson equation. In our model, the effective conductive path effect（ECPE） is taken into account to overcome the problems arising from the device scaling. The potential in the effective conducting path is developed and a simple scaling equation is derived. This equation is solved to obtain the minimum channel potential Φdeff,minand the new scaling factor α to model the subthreshold behavior of the HEMTs. The developed model minimizes the leakage current and improves the subthreshold swing degradation of the HEMTs. The results of the analytical model are verified by numerical simulation with a Sentaurus TCAD device simulator.展开更多
A novel topology low-voltage high precision current reference based on subthreshold Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors （MOSFETs） is presented. The circuit achieves a temperature-independent reference...A novel topology low-voltage high precision current reference based on subthreshold Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors （MOSFETs） is presented. The circuit achieves a temperature-independent reference current by a proper combination current of two first-order temperature-compensation current references, which exploit the temperature characteristics of integrated poly2 resistors and the 1- V transconductance characteristics of MOSFET operating in the subthreshold region. The circuit, designed with the 1 st silicon 0.35 μm standard CMOS logic process technology, exhibits a stable current of about 2.25 μA with much low temperature coefficient of 3 × 10^-4μA/℃ in the temperature range of-40-150 ℃ at 1 V supply voltage, and also achieves a better power supply rejection ratio （PSRR） over a broad frequency. The PSRR is about -78 dB at DC and remains -42 dB at the frequency higher than 10 MHz. The maximal process error is about 6,7% based on the Monte Carlo simulation. So it has good process compatibility.展开更多
Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology is a very attractive option for implementing digital integrated circuits for low power applications. This paper presents migration of standby subthreshold leakage control tec...Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology is a very attractive option for implementing digital integrated circuits for low power applications. This paper presents migration of standby subthreshold leakage control technique from a bulk CMOS to SOI CMOS technology. An improved SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique for effective reduction of standby subthreshold leakage power dissipation is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique is validated through design and simulation of a one-bit full adder circuit at a temperature of 27℃, supply voltage, VDD of 0.90 V in 120 nm SOI CMOS technology. Existing standby subthreshold leakage control techniques in CMOS bulk technology are compared with the proposed technique in SOI CMOS technology. Both the proposed and existing techniques are also implemented in SOI CMOS technology and compared. Reduction in standby subthreshold leakage power dissipation by reduction factors of 54x and 45x foraone-bit full adder circuit was achieved using our proposed SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique in comparison with existing techniques such as MTCMOS technique and SCCMOS technique respectively in CMOS bulk technology. Dynamic power dissipation was also reduced significantly by using this proposed SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique. Standby subthreshold leakage power dissipation and dynamic power dissipation were also reduced significantly using the proposed circuit technique in comparison with other existing techniques, when all circuit techniques were implemented in SOI CMOS technology. All simulations were performed using Microwindver 3.1 EDA tool.展开更多
Objective:To explore the half-effective dose(ED_(50))of remazolam toluenesulfonate combined with subthreshold amounts of esketamine for inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in elderly patients.Met...Objective:To explore the half-effective dose(ED_(50))of remazolam toluenesulfonate combined with subthreshold amounts of esketamine for inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in elderly patients.Method:We included 42 patients,aged 65-75,who required general anesthesia and single-lumen endotracheal intubation for elective surgery.The first patient was administered remazolam toluenesulfonate at a dose of 0.20 mg/kg.Once the patient lost consciousness,their alertness/sedation score(OAA/S score)was≤1,and their BIS score was≤60,and a subthreshold dose(0.3 mg/kg)of esketamine was given.The subsequent doses were adjusted using a sequential approach based on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation observed in the previous patient.The dose was modified in increments or decrements of 0.01 mg/kg.The ED_(50)and 95%CI of remazolam toluenesulfonate were calculated using the Dixon and Massey sequential distribution test method.Result:The inhibition of endotracheal intubation response was positively correlated with the dose of remazolam toluenesulfonate,and the depth of sedation could not be achieved when the amount was≤0.22 mg/kg.The ED_(50)of remazolam toluenesulfonate combined with a subthreshold dose of esketamine in inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in elderly patients was 0.30(0.28,0.33)mg/kg.There was no statistically significant difference in blood pressure between the induction of anesthesia and before the operation.Conclusion:When compounded with 0.3 mg/kg esketamine,the ED_(50)of Remazolam toluenesulfonate in inhibiting cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation in elderly patients was 0.30 mg/kg(95%CI0.28-0.33 mg/kg).展开更多
The two-dimensional models for symmetrical double-material double-gate （DM-DG） strained Si （s-Si） metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors （MOSFETs） are presented. The surface potential and the surface...The two-dimensional models for symmetrical double-material double-gate （DM-DG） strained Si （s-Si） metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors （MOSFETs） are presented. The surface potential and the surface electric field ex- pressions have been obtained by solving Poisson＇s equation. The models of threshold voltage and subthreshold current are obtained based on the surface potential expression. The surface potential and the surface electric field are compared with those of single-material double-gate （SM-DG） MOSFETs. The effects of different device parameters on the threshold voltage and the subthreshold current are demonstrated. The analytical models give deep insight into the device parameters design. The analytical results obtained from the proposed models show good matching with the simulation results using DESSIS.展开更多
This paper takes full advantages of the I-V transconductance characteristics of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOSFET） operating in the subthreshold region and the enhancement pre-regulator techn...This paper takes full advantages of the I-V transconductance characteristics of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOSFET） operating in the subthreshold region and the enhancement pre-regulator technique with the high gain negative feedback loop. The proposed reference circuit, designed with the SMIC 0.18 μm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor （CMOS） logic process technology, exhibits a stable current of about 1.701 μA with much low temperature coefficient （TC） of 2.5×10^-4μA/℃ in the temperature range of-40 to 150℃ at 1.5 V supply voltage, and also achieves a best PSRR over a broad frequency. The PSRR is about - 126 dB at DC frequency and remains -92 dB at the frequency higher 100 MHz. Moreover the proposed reference circuit operates stably at the supply voltage higher 1.2 V and has good process compatibility.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82373660 and No.81761128030Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen Nanshan,No.11the China Scholarship Council。
文摘BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has a potentially lasting influence on subthreshold depressive symptoms(SDS)and major depressive disorder(MDD).This study aimed to explore the association of childhood maltreatment with MDD and SDS,focusing on the differences between young and middle-aged adults.AIMTo examine the associations among childhood maltreatment, SDS, and MDD in young and middle-aged adults.METHODSA total of 3209 adults were recruited from 34 primary healthcare settings. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28item Short Form was used to assess childhood maltreatment. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used toassess SDS and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview depression module was used to assess MDD.RESULTSChildhood maltreatment was significantly associated with higher odds of developing SDS and MDD than in thenon-depressed control group (P < 0.05). Childhood maltreatment significantly increased the risk of developing SDSin young adults but was not significantly associated with SDS in middle-aged adults (P = 0.055). Conversely,childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with MDD in both young (P < 0.001) and middle-aged adults(P < 0.05). In young adults, various types of childhood maltreatment were associated with MDD;however, onlyemotional abuse and neglect were significantly associated with MDD in middle-aged adults.CONCLUSIONOur study revealed a strong association among childhood maltreatment, SDS, and MDD across age groups,highlighting the impact of emotional abuse and need for trauma-informed depression care.
文摘Patients with leukemia often suffer from the combined effects of cancer-related fatigue(CRF)and subthreshold depression,which mutually exacerbate each other in a vicious cycle.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al,published in the World Journal of Psychiatry.We further elucidate the profound impact of subthreshold depressive symptoms on the experience of CRF and complications in patients with leukemia.This editorial highlights the importance of early identification and treatment of subclinical depression,and advocates for a multidisciplinary and integrated treatment approach that includes social support,psychological interventions,and individualized treatment plans.Future research needs to explore the biological mechanisms underlying the interaction between the two to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
基金Supported by Henan Province Youth Health Science and Technology Innovation Talent Training Project(No.LJRC2023008)The Key Scientific Research Projects Plan of Universities in Henan Province(No.24A320040).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of conbercept combined with 577 nm subthreshold micropulse laser(STML)for treatment of diabetic macular edema(DME).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted.From October 2022 to March 2024,72 patients diagnosed with DME at the outpatient clinic were enrolled.The patients were divided into two groups:the simple group(treated with conbercept alone)and the combination group(treated with 577 nm STML combined with conbercept).The following itmes were compared between the two groups:best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ),vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus(SCP)and deep capillary plexus(DCP),retinal mean sensitivity(RMS),injection numbers,and the number of cases with adverse effects.RESULTS:The mean age of patients was 57.13±8.76(range 34-77)y with DR history of 0.89±0.55y.With the progression of treatment,both groups showed significant improvements in BCVA,CMT,DCP vessel density,and RMS compared to baselines(all,P<0.05).At 3 and 6mo after treatment,the combination group exhibited significantly better outcomes in BCVA,CMT,DCP vessel density,and RMS than the simple group(P<0.05).During the treatment period,neither group showed significant improvements in FAZ and SCP vessel density(P>0.05),and no significant differences in FAZ and SCP vessel density were observed between the two groups(P>0.05).The average number of injections required in the combination group was lower than that in the simple group(3.33±0.68 vs 4.06±0.96,P<0.05).No other serious ophthalmic adverse events were observed in either group.CONCLUSION:Conbercept combined with STML has better outcomes for treatment of DME and less intravitreal injections compared to conbercept monotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671347(to KL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012(to KFS and KL)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No 202102020735(to RW).
文摘Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients not only experience symptoms caused by cancer but also suffer from the accompanying psychological pain.Therefore,these patients do not have high quality of life.According to the World Health Organization,the incidence of leukemia in China in 2020 was 5.1/100000,the mortality rate was 3.3/100000,and the prevalence rate was 16.7/100000.Therefore,it is important to examine the influence of comorbid subthreshold depressive symptoms on leukemia patients.AIM To determine the impact of comorbid subthreshold depressive symptoms on cancer-related fatigue and complications in leukemia patients,thereby providing a basis for early diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among leukemia patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Xi'an,Shaanxi Province,China,from August 2022 to December 2023.Patients with a score>16 on the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders(CCMD-3)and a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 8-17 were classified as the subthreshold depressive group(n=95),while 100 leukemia patients admitted during the same period were classified as the control group.Data were collected using Epidata 3.1 software,and comparisons were made between the two groups regarding general clinical data,the Piper Fatigue Scale(PFS),the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),the Numeric Rating Scale for pain assessment,laboratory indicators,and the occurrence of complications.RESULTS In this survey,120 leukemia patients with depression were preliminarily screened,95 patients with subthreshold depression were ultimately selected as the subthreshold depression group,and 100 leukemia patients admitted during the same period were enrolled as the normal group.Comparison of basic clinical data between the two groups revealed no significant differences in age,sex,body mass index,cognitive function,or comorbidity with other chronic diseases.However,there were statistically significant differences in the use of radiotherapy and regular exercise between the two groups(P<0.05).Comparisons of scales and laboratory indicators revealed no significant differences in albumin or PSQI scores between the two groups,but there were statistically significant differences in pain scores,PSQI scores,PFS scores,hemoglobin levels,and C-reactive protein levels(P<0.05).Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that cancer-related fatigue was correlated with age,hemoglobin levels,C-reactive protein levels,pain,and regular exercise among leukemia patients with subthreshold depression.Multivariate regression analysis revealed that advanced age,combined radiotherapy,pain,and low hemoglobin levels were risk factors for cancer-related fatigue in leukemia patients with comorbid subthreshold depression,while regular exercise was a protective factor against cancer-related fatigue.Follow-up comparisons revealed a significantly lower overall incidence of complications in the control group(4%)than in the depressive group(24.21%;P<0.001).CONCLUSION Leukemia patients with comorbid subthreshold depressive symptoms experience more severe cancer-related fatigue and a higher incidence of complications.These findings may be related to advanced age,combined radiotherapy,pain,and low hemoglobin levels,while regular exercise may effectively alleviate symptoms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(SQ2019YFC170218).
文摘Objective:To investigate the molecular mechanism and identify potential drugs for subthreshold depression(SD),and elucidate the detalied mechanism of Danzhi Xiaoyao powder(DZXY)in SD.Methods:Using RNA-sequencing,we identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in leukocytes of SD compared to healthy controls,deciphered their functions and pathways,and identified the hub genes of SD.We also assessed changes in leukocyte transcription factor activity in patients with SD using the TELis platform.The Connectivity Map database was retrieved to screen candidate drugs for SD.Based on network pharmacology,we elucidated the"multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway"mechanism of DZXY in the treatment of SD.Results:We identified 1080 DEGs(padj<0.05 and|log2(fold change)l≥1&protein coding)in the leukocytes of patients with SD.These DEGs,including hub genes,were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory response-related processes.Transcription factor activity analysis revealed similarities between the leukocyte transcriptome profile in SD and the conserved transcriptional response to adversities in immune cells.Connectivity Map analysis identified 28 potential drugs for SD treatment,particularly SB-202190 and TWS-119.Constructing the"Direct Compounds-Direct Targets-Pathways"network for DZXY and SD revealed the curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD,primarily including inflammatory response,lipid metabolism,immune response,and other processes.Conclusion:These results provide new insights into the characteristics and functional changes of leukocytes in SD,partially illustrate the pathogenesis of SD,and suggest potential drugs for SD.The curative mechanisms of DZXY in SD are also partially elucidated.
文摘AIM:To compare the short-term effectiveness of intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation and 577-nm subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)treatment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:This observational retrospective cohort study included 60 consecutive patients who underwent intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation(n=30)or 577-nm SML treatment(n=30)for cCSC between Jan.2021 and Oct.2022.During 3mo follow-up,all patients underwent assessments of best correct visual acuity(BCVA)and optical coherence tomography(OCT).RESULTS:The operation of laser treatment was successful in all cases.At 1mo,BCVA improved significantly more in the intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation group compared to the SML group(P<0.05).The change was not significantly different at 3mo(P>0.05).Central macular thickness(CMT)in the intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation group was lower than in the SML group at 1mo(P<0.05).The subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in two groups were all significantly improved at 3mo(all P<0.05).The change between two groups was not significantly different at 1mo or at 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Intelligent navigated laser photocoagulation is superior to SML for treating cCSC,leading to better improvements in vision and CMT for short term.
文摘A novel method to characterize CMOS process fluctuations in subthreshold current mirrors （SCM） is reported. The proposed model is succinct in methodology and calculation complexity compared with previous statistical models. However,it provides favorable estimations of CMOS process fluctuations on the SCM circuit, which makes it promising for engineering applications. The model statistically abstracts physical parameters, which depend on the IC process, into random variables with certain mean values and standard deviations, while aggregating all the random impacts into a discrete martingale. The correctness of the proposed method is experimentally verified on an SCM circuit implemented in an SMIC 0.18μm CMOS 1P6M mixed signal process with a conversion factor of 100 in an input range from 100pA to lμA. The pro- posed theory successfully predicts - 10% of die-to-die fluctuation measured in the experiment, and also suggests the -lmV of threshold voltage standard deviation over a single die,which meets the process parameters suggested by the design kit from the foundry. The deviations between calculated probabilities and measured data are less than 8%. Meanwhile, pertinent suggestions concerning high fluctuation tolerance subthreshold analog circuit design are also made and discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671347(to KL)The Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No.202007030012(to KFS and KL)。
文摘Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition in adolescents who are at high risk for developing major depressive disorder.In preclinical models of neurological and psychiatric diseases,Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP)extracted from Goji berries had antidepressant effects including but not limited to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.However,the effect of LBP on subthreshold depression is unclear.To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of LBP for treating subthreshold depression in adolescents,we conducted a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial(RCT)with 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression recruited at The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.The participants were randomly assigned to groups where they received either 300 mg LBP(LBP group,n=15,3 boys and 12 girls aged 15.13±2.17 years)or a placebo(placebo group,n=14,2 boys and 12 girls aged 15±1.71 years)for 6 successive weeks.Interim analyses revealed that the LBP group exhibited a greater change in Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD-24)scores relative to the baseline and a higher remission rate(HAMD-24 total score≤7)at 6 weeks compared with the placebo group.Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II(BDI-II),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(Kessler),and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED)were similar between the LBP and placebo groups.No side effects related to the intervention were reported in either group.These results indicate that LBP administration reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.Furthermore,LBP was well tolerated with no treatment-limiting adverse events.Clinical trials involving a larger sample size are needed to further confirm the anti-depressive effects of LBP in adolescents with subthreshold depression.This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University(Guangzhou,China;approval No.L2019-08)on April 4,2019 and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov(identifier:NCT04032795)on July 25,2019.
文摘·AIM:To analyze the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC).·METHODS:This is a retrospective case analysis study.Totally 58 eyes of 58 patients were enrolled,and they were divided into different groups.And 39 patients were treated with SML(SML group)and 19 patients were only observed(observation group).The follow-up period was 3mo after diagnosis.The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central retinal thickness(CRT),superficial retinal vascular density(SRVD),deep retinal vascular density(DRVD),the superficial and deep foveal avascular zone(FAZ)area,retinal light sensitivity(RLS),perfusion area of choroidal capillary layer(CCL),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)and fundus autofluorescence(FAF)were investigated.·RESULTS:The BCVA,CRT,SRVD,DRVD,the superficial and deep FAZ area,RLS,SFCT of SML group were significantly improved at 3mo(all P<0.05).In the observation group,only CRT,DRVD and SFCT were improved(all P<0.05).Other research items in the observation group were not significantly different from baseline(all P>0.05).At the last follow-up,the BCVA and RLS in the SML group were better than those in the observation group,and CRT was lower,SRVD and DRVD,perfusion area of CCL were larger(all P<0.05).On FAF,no change of treatment spots was found after treatment.No structural laser damage was observed on optical coherence tomography(OCT)and optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),and no choroidal neovascularization was observed.·CONCLUSION:SML treatment of acute CSC can improve BCVA,RLS,and perfusion area of CCL,reduce CRT,increase SRVD and DRVD,and is safe.
文摘AIM:To compare the effects of yellow(577 nm)subthreshold micropulse laser(SML)and intravitreal(IV)anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)with relatively better visual acuity[best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≤0.15 log MAR].METHODS:The medical records of 76 eyes of 47 patients underwent IV(0.5 mg)anti-VEGF injection or SML for the DME with relatively better BCVA were reviewed.The IV group received three consecutive monthly IV anti-VEGF injections,then were retreated as needed.The laser treatment group was treated at baseline and 3 mo,and then retreated at 6 and 9 mo if needed.All participants were followed up for one year.The mean BCVA and mean central macular thickness(CMT)values changes over the follow-up were evaluated.RESULTS:Twenty-four and 23 patients were assigned to the SML and IV subgroups,respectively.The mean number of treatments was 3.64±0.76 in SML group and 5.85±1.38 in IV group(P<0.05).The subgroups were similar with regard to the mean BCVA score at baseline and at the 1st and 3rd months,but the score of SML group was better than that of IV group at the 6th,9th,and 12th months(P<0.05).The decrease in the mean CMT values from baseline values was higher in SML group at the 6th,9th,and 12th months(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Yellow SML treatment is superior to IV anti-VEGF injection in DME patients with relatively better BCVA for increasing visual acuity and decreasing CMT at 6,9,and 12 mo.SML can be a good alternative first-line therapy for DME with BCVA≤0.15 log MAR.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and visual outcomes of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment(D-PED) in intermediate age-related macular degeneration(AMD) eyes treated with 577 nm yellow subthreshold micropulse laser(SML).METHODS: In this retrospective study, 21 eyes of 16 patients with D-PED in intermediate AMD were consecutively included and assessed.All the eyes were treated with 577 nm SML in several sessions according to D-PED growth status.The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) were assessed at the initial visit and after treatment.Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) was performed to evaluate the D-PED lifecycle by volumetric calculations.Regression analysis was used to determine the breakpoint, growth, and collapse rate of the D-PED lesions.The progression to advanced AMD was also documented.RESULTS: All the eyes were treated with SML for 2.9±1.0 sessions.The mean follow-up period was 25.3±12.6 mo.The BCVA was stable from the baseline to final visit.All the eyes were categorized into two groups according to the anatomical changes of the D-PED lesion: the collapse group(n=6, 28.6%) and non-collapse group(n=15, 71.4%).The change in logMAR BCVA did not differ significantly between the collapse group 0.00(-0.31, 0.85) and non-collapse group 0.00(0.00, 0.00;P=1).Regression analysis showed that the growth rate was significantly higher in the collapse group(0.090±0.095 mm;/mo) than in the non-collapse group(0.025±0.035 mm;/mo;P<0.001).One eye(4.8%) developed macular neovascularization at 11 mo after SML treatment in the non-collapse group.Three eyes(14.3%) developed geographic atrophy(GA) in the collapse group.CONCLUSION: Compared to the natural course of D-PED reported by previous studies, our results preliminarily show that SML can alleviate visual loss and possibility of progression to advanced AMD in eyes with D-PED in intermediate AMD.A controlled clinical trial needs to further verify the benefit of the intervention.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subthreshold micropulse yellow laser(SMYL)in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(CCSC).METHODS:The medical records of 58 eyes of 58 patients with CCSC were reviewed.A 577-nm SMYL system was used for the treatment.Fundus fluorescein angiography was used as the primary method of identifying CCSC,and resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF)evaluated by optical coherence tomography(OCT)and fundus autofluorescence.Central macular thickness(CMT),central macular volume(CMV),total macular volume(TMV),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT),subretinal fluid height(SRFH),and subfoveal fluid basement diameter values were measured by spectral domain-OCT(SD-OCT)for all eyes.RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 42.4±9.9(range:20-72)y.The mean follow-up was 11.4±8.5(range:6-37)mo.Median BCVA at at the final follow up after treatment was statistically significant from the baseline.Complete SRF resolution was 12.1%of the eyes in the 1^st month,67.2%of the eyes in the 3rd month and 67.2%of the eyes in the last follow up.The initial median CMT,CMV,TMV,and SFCT values before treatment was significantly higher than 3^rd month visit values(P<0.001).In the multivariate analysis performed,age and disease duration were found to be a risk factor for persistent SRF(P=0.017,P=0.016,respectively).CONCLUSION:SMYL treatment provides a significant anatomical and functional improvement and is effective in eliminating SRF in eyes with CCSC.
文摘In this paper,we analytically study the relationship between the coercive field,remnant polarization and the thickness of a ferroelectric material,required for the minimum subthreshold swing in a negative capacitance capacitor.The interdependence of the ferroelectric material properties shown in this study is defined by the capacitance matching conditions in the subthreshold region in an NC capacitor.In this paper,we propose an analytical model to find the optimal ferroelectric thickness and channel doping to achieve a minimum subthreshold swing,due to a particular ferroelectric material.Our results have been validated against the numerical and experimental results already available in the literature.Furthermore,we obtain the minimum possible subthreshold swing for different ferroelectric materials used in the gate stack of an NC-FET in the context of a manufacturable semiconductor technology.Our results are presented in the form of a table,which shows the calculated channel doping,ferroelectric thickness and minimum subthreshold for five different ferroelectric materials.
基金Project supported by the Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR),Government of India under the SRF Scheme(Sanction Letter No:08/237(0005)/2012-EMR-I)
文摘We propose a scaling theory for single gate Al In Sb/In Sb high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson equation. In our model, the effective conductive path effect（ECPE） is taken into account to overcome the problems arising from the device scaling. The potential in the effective conducting path is developed and a simple scaling equation is derived. This equation is solved to obtain the minimum channel potential Φdeff,minand the new scaling factor α to model the subthreshold behavior of the HEMTs. The developed model minimizes the leakage current and improves the subthreshold swing degradation of the HEMTs. The results of the analytical model are verified by numerical simulation with a Sentaurus TCAD device simulator.
文摘A novel topology low-voltage high precision current reference based on subthreshold Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors （MOSFETs） is presented. The circuit achieves a temperature-independent reference current by a proper combination current of two first-order temperature-compensation current references, which exploit the temperature characteristics of integrated poly2 resistors and the 1- V transconductance characteristics of MOSFET operating in the subthreshold region. The circuit, designed with the 1 st silicon 0.35 μm standard CMOS logic process technology, exhibits a stable current of about 2.25 μA with much low temperature coefficient of 3 × 10^-4μA/℃ in the temperature range of-40-150 ℃ at 1 V supply voltage, and also achieves a better power supply rejection ratio （PSRR） over a broad frequency. The PSRR is about -78 dB at DC and remains -42 dB at the frequency higher than 10 MHz. The maximal process error is about 6,7% based on the Monte Carlo simulation. So it has good process compatibility.
文摘Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology is a very attractive option for implementing digital integrated circuits for low power applications. This paper presents migration of standby subthreshold leakage control technique from a bulk CMOS to SOI CMOS technology. An improved SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique for effective reduction of standby subthreshold leakage power dissipation is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique is validated through design and simulation of a one-bit full adder circuit at a temperature of 27℃, supply voltage, VDD of 0.90 V in 120 nm SOI CMOS technology. Existing standby subthreshold leakage control techniques in CMOS bulk technology are compared with the proposed technique in SOI CMOS technology. Both the proposed and existing techniques are also implemented in SOI CMOS technology and compared. Reduction in standby subthreshold leakage power dissipation by reduction factors of 54x and 45x foraone-bit full adder circuit was achieved using our proposed SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique in comparison with existing techniques such as MTCMOS technique and SCCMOS technique respectively in CMOS bulk technology. Dynamic power dissipation was also reduced significantly by using this proposed SOI CMOS technology based circuit technique. Standby subthreshold leakage power dissipation and dynamic power dissipation were also reduced significantly using the proposed circuit technique in comparison with other existing techniques, when all circuit techniques were implemented in SOI CMOS technology. All simulations were performed using Microwindver 3.1 EDA tool.
文摘Objective:To explore the half-effective dose(ED_(50))of remazolam toluenesulfonate combined with subthreshold amounts of esketamine for inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in elderly patients.Method:We included 42 patients,aged 65-75,who required general anesthesia and single-lumen endotracheal intubation for elective surgery.The first patient was administered remazolam toluenesulfonate at a dose of 0.20 mg/kg.Once the patient lost consciousness,their alertness/sedation score(OAA/S score)was≤1,and their BIS score was≤60,and a subthreshold dose(0.3 mg/kg)of esketamine was given.The subsequent doses were adjusted using a sequential approach based on the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation observed in the previous patient.The dose was modified in increments or decrements of 0.01 mg/kg.The ED_(50)and 95%CI of remazolam toluenesulfonate were calculated using the Dixon and Massey sequential distribution test method.Result:The inhibition of endotracheal intubation response was positively correlated with the dose of remazolam toluenesulfonate,and the depth of sedation could not be achieved when the amount was≤0.22 mg/kg.The ED_(50)of remazolam toluenesulfonate combined with a subthreshold dose of esketamine in inhibiting cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in elderly patients was 0.30(0.28,0.33)mg/kg.There was no statistically significant difference in blood pressure between the induction of anesthesia and before the operation.Conclusion:When compounded with 0.3 mg/kg esketamine,the ED_(50)of Remazolam toluenesulfonate in inhibiting cardiovascular response to endotracheal intubation in elderly patients was 0.30 mg/kg(95%CI0.28-0.33 mg/kg).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61376099,11235008,and 61205003)
文摘The two-dimensional models for symmetrical double-material double-gate （DM-DG） strained Si （s-Si） metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors （MOSFETs） are presented. The surface potential and the surface electric field ex- pressions have been obtained by solving Poisson＇s equation. The models of threshold voltage and subthreshold current are obtained based on the surface potential expression. The surface potential and the surface electric field are compared with those of single-material double-gate （SM-DG） MOSFETs. The effects of different device parameters on the threshold voltage and the subthreshold current are demonstrated. The analytical models give deep insight into the device parameters design. The analytical results obtained from the proposed models show good matching with the simulation results using DESSIS.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60376019)
文摘This paper takes full advantages of the I-V transconductance characteristics of metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOSFET） operating in the subthreshold region and the enhancement pre-regulator technique with the high gain negative feedback loop. The proposed reference circuit, designed with the SMIC 0.18 μm standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor （CMOS） logic process technology, exhibits a stable current of about 1.701 μA with much low temperature coefficient （TC） of 2.5×10^-4μA/℃ in the temperature range of-40 to 150℃ at 1.5 V supply voltage, and also achieves a best PSRR over a broad frequency. The PSRR is about - 126 dB at DC frequency and remains -92 dB at the frequency higher 100 MHz. Moreover the proposed reference circuit operates stably at the supply voltage higher 1.2 V and has good process compatibility.
