The most attractive merit of tunneling carbon nanotube field effect transistors（T-CNFETs） is the ultra-small inverse sub-threshold slope.In order to obtain as small an average sub-threshold slope as possible,several...The most attractive merit of tunneling carbon nanotube field effect transistors（T-CNFETs） is the ultra-small inverse sub-threshold slope.In order to obtain as small an average sub-threshold slope as possible,several effective approaches have been proposed based on a numerical insight into the working mechanism of T-CNFETs：tuning the doping level of source/drain leads,minimizing the quantum capacitance value via tuning the bias condition or increasing the insulator capacitance,and adopting a staircase doping strategy in the drain lead.Non-equilibrium Green＇s function based simulation results show that all these approaches can contribute to a smaller average inverse sub-threshold slope, which is quite desirable in high-frequency or low-power applications.展开更多
Probabilistic analysis is a rational approach for engineering design because it provides more insight than traditional deterministic analysis. Probabilistic evaluation on seismic stability of three dimensional (3D) sl...Probabilistic analysis is a rational approach for engineering design because it provides more insight than traditional deterministic analysis. Probabilistic evaluation on seismic stability of three dimensional (3D) slopes is studied in this paper. The slope safety factor is computed by combining the kinematic approach of limit analysis using a three-dimensional rotational failure mechanism with the pseudo-dynamic approach. The variability of input parameters, including six pseudo-dynamic parameters and two soil shear strength parameters, are taken into account by means of Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS) method. The influences of pseudo-dynamic input variables on the computed failure probabilities are investigated and discussed. It is shown that the obtained failure probabilities increase with the pseudo-dynamic input variables and the pseudo-dynamic approach gives more conservative failure probability estimates compared with the pseudo-static approach.展开更多
The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, ...The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, Experiments were carded out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section, Experimental results in a Ф 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%-61%.展开更多
Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective ...Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.展开更多
AIM：To examine possible differences in clinical outcomes between sub-threshold micro-pulse diode laser photocoagulation（SDM） and traditional modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（mETDRS）treatment pr...AIM：To examine possible differences in clinical outcomes between sub-threshold micro-pulse diode laser photocoagulation（SDM） and traditional modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（mETDRS）treatment protocol in diabetic macuiar edema（DME）.METHODS：A comprehensive literature search using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify RCTs comparing SDM with mETDRS for DME.The participants were type Ⅰ or type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with clinically significant macuiar edema treated by SDM from previously reported randomized controlled trials（RCTs）.The primary outcome measures were the changes in the best corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and the central macuiar thickness（CMT） as measured by optical coherence tomography（OCT）.The secondary outcomes were the contrast sensitivity and the damages of the retina.RESULTS：Seven studies were identified and analyzed for comparing SDM（215 eyes） with mETDRS（210 eyes）for DME.There were no statistical differences in the BCVA after treatment between the SDM and mETDRS based on the follow-up：3mo（MD,-0.02;95% Cl,-0.12 to 0.09;P=0.77）,6mo（MD,-0.02;95% Cl,-0.12 to 0.09;P=0.75）,12mo（MD,-0.05;95% Cl,-0.17 to 0.07;P=0.40）.Likewise,there were no statistical differences in the CMT after treatment between the SDM and mETDRS in 3mo（MD,-9.92;95% Cl,-28.69 to 8.85;P=0.30）,6mo（MD,-11.37;95% Cl,-29.65 to 6.91;P=0.22）,12mo（MD,8.44;95% Cl,-29.89 to 46.77;P=0.67）.Three RCTs suggested that SDM laser results in good preservation of contrast sensitivity as mETDRS,in two different followup evaluations：3mo（MD,0.05;95% Cl,0 to 0.09;P=0.04） and 6mo（MD,0.02;95% Cl,-0.10 to 0.14;P=0.78）.Two RCTs showed that the SDM laser treatment did less retinal damage than that mETDRS did（OR,0.05;95% Cl,0.02 to 0.13;P〈0.01）.CONCLUSION：SDM laser photocoagulation shows an equally good effect on visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and reduction of DME as compared to conventional mETDRS protocol with less retinal damage.展开更多
The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated. ...The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated. Experiments were carried out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section. Experimental results in a 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%—61%.展开更多
The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confi...The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confirmed by dynamic simulation, and total efflux time was adopted by statistic method. For the mixture of hexane and cyclohexane and the traditional constant reflux ratio operation strategy, the amount of slop cut is 1.8-2.1 times of the minimum amount of slop cut; whereas for the pulse-control operation strategy, it is 1. 2 -1.4 times of the minimum amount of slop cut. So compared with the traditional constant reflux ratio operation, the pulse-control operation can decrease the amount of slop cut and operation time, and meanwhile, enhance separation efficiency and yield.展开更多
Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime consume the least energy. The strict energy constraints are desired in the applications which work at the lowest possible supply voltage. On the other hand, the c...Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime consume the least energy. The strict energy constraints are desired in the applications which work at the lowest possible supply voltage. On the other hand, the conventional design flow utilizes the technology library provided by the foundry with a fixed voltage boundary, which causes problems when the supply scales down to the sub-threshold regime. In this paper, we present a design methodology to characterize the existing cell library with Liberty NCX to facilitate the standard design flow. It is demonstrated in 0.13 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） technology with the supply voltage of 300 mV.展开更多
Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel...Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.展开更多
The problem of shore wash in environmental engineering is connected in particular with the effect of waves generated by the ships and fast speed boats. Another problem is protection of ＂Marines＂ with anchored boat a...The problem of shore wash in environmental engineering is connected in particular with the effect of waves generated by the ships and fast speed boats. Another problem is protection of ＂Marines＂ with anchored boat against waves. Sloping banks provoke unfavorable transformation of waves. Simultaneously sloping bank is the factor which significantly complicates prediction of wave pattern in numerical analysis. The purpose of present paper is to demonstrate the results of numerical investigation of ship waves pattern in constrain water area with slope banks by panel method for non-linear ship waves calculation usually applied for ship hull perfection as routine instrument of towing tanks technology. The method initially developed for calculation of ship hull waves in inviscid infinite fluid was adapted to meet boundary conditions on slope banks. Verification of the method was done for 60-series ship in rectangular channel. Development of wave pattern generated by two ship of different types--monohull ferries and river catamaran was investigated. It was found that ship waves height significantly increased due to slopping banks comparing with case of deep water and shallow water rectangular channel.展开更多
The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of ...The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of geotechnical engineering. Based on the peculiarity of the reconnaissance and the research of the visualization by formers, systemized the method fit for building 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane. Write the special program with Visual C^-＋ computer language and illustrated it by OpenGL, the program can displayed and captured the random section plane. The program has a satisfied result by proving with the real projects.展开更多
基金supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2009AA01Z114)
文摘The most attractive merit of tunneling carbon nanotube field effect transistors（T-CNFETs） is the ultra-small inverse sub-threshold slope.In order to obtain as small an average sub-threshold slope as possible,several effective approaches have been proposed based on a numerical insight into the working mechanism of T-CNFETs：tuning the doping level of source/drain leads,minimizing the quantum capacitance value via tuning the bias condition or increasing the insulator capacitance,and adopting a staircase doping strategy in the drain lead.Non-equilibrium Green＇s function based simulation results show that all these approaches can contribute to a smaller average inverse sub-threshold slope, which is quite desirable in high-frequency or low-power applications.
文摘Probabilistic analysis is a rational approach for engineering design because it provides more insight than traditional deterministic analysis. Probabilistic evaluation on seismic stability of three dimensional (3D) slopes is studied in this paper. The slope safety factor is computed by combining the kinematic approach of limit analysis using a three-dimensional rotational failure mechanism with the pseudo-dynamic approach. The variability of input parameters, including six pseudo-dynamic parameters and two soil shear strength parameters, are taken into account by means of Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS) method. The influences of pseudo-dynamic input variables on the computed failure probabilities are investigated and discussed. It is shown that the obtained failure probabilities increase with the pseudo-dynamic input variables and the pseudo-dynamic approach gives more conservative failure probability estimates compared with the pseudo-static approach.
文摘The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining Column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated, Experiments were carded out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section, Experimental results in a Ф 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%-61%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41672273,42177137)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(22120180313)+1 种基金the support from China Scholarship Council(CSC)(202106260151)substantially supported by the Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education(Tongji University)。
文摘Due to the loose structure,high porosity and high permeability of soil-rock mixture slope,the slope is unstable and may cause huge economic losses and casualties.The h-type anti-slide pile is regarded as an effective means to prevent the instability of soilrock mixture slope.In this paper,a centrifuge model test was conducted to investigate the stress distribution of the h-type anti-slide pile and the evolution process of soil arching during the loading.A numerical simulation model was built based on the similar relationship between the centrifuge model and the prototype to investigate the influence factors of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness,and some recommendations were proposed for its application.The results show that the bending moment distribution of the rear pile exhibits Wshaped,while for the front pile,its distribution resembles V-shaped.The soil arching evolution process during loading is gradually dissipated from bottom to top and from far to near.During the loading,the change of bending moment can be divided into three stages,namely,the stabilization stage,the slow growth stage,and the rapid growth stage.In engineering projects,the recommended values of the pile spacing,anchored depth,and crossbeam stiffness are 4.0d,2.0d,and 2.0EI,where d and EI are the diameter and bending stiffness of the h-type anti-slide pile respectively.
文摘AIM：To examine possible differences in clinical outcomes between sub-threshold micro-pulse diode laser photocoagulation（SDM） and traditional modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study（mETDRS）treatment protocol in diabetic macuiar edema（DME）.METHODS：A comprehensive literature search using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify RCTs comparing SDM with mETDRS for DME.The participants were type Ⅰ or type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with clinically significant macuiar edema treated by SDM from previously reported randomized controlled trials（RCTs）.The primary outcome measures were the changes in the best corrected visual acuity（BCVA） and the central macuiar thickness（CMT） as measured by optical coherence tomography（OCT）.The secondary outcomes were the contrast sensitivity and the damages of the retina.RESULTS：Seven studies were identified and analyzed for comparing SDM（215 eyes） with mETDRS（210 eyes）for DME.There were no statistical differences in the BCVA after treatment between the SDM and mETDRS based on the follow-up：3mo（MD,-0.02;95% Cl,-0.12 to 0.09;P=0.77）,6mo（MD,-0.02;95% Cl,-0.12 to 0.09;P=0.75）,12mo（MD,-0.05;95% Cl,-0.17 to 0.07;P=0.40）.Likewise,there were no statistical differences in the CMT after treatment between the SDM and mETDRS in 3mo（MD,-9.92;95% Cl,-28.69 to 8.85;P=0.30）,6mo（MD,-11.37;95% Cl,-29.65 to 6.91;P=0.22）,12mo（MD,8.44;95% Cl,-29.89 to 46.77;P=0.67）.Three RCTs suggested that SDM laser results in good preservation of contrast sensitivity as mETDRS,in two different followup evaluations：3mo（MD,0.05;95% Cl,0 to 0.09;P=0.04） and 6mo（MD,0.02;95% Cl,-0.10 to 0.14;P=0.78）.Two RCTs showed that the SDM laser treatment did less retinal damage than that mETDRS did（OR,0.05;95% Cl,0.02 to 0.13;P〈0.01）.CONCLUSION：SDM laser photocoagulation shows an equally good effect on visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and reduction of DME as compared to conventional mETDRS protocol with less retinal damage.
文摘The new mode of operation for slop cut withdrawal in batch distillation, i.e., draining column liquid holdup at the end of slop cut period, was proposed. And the stopping criterion for the operation was investigated. Experiments were carried out with isopropanol-n-propanol binary system and isopropanol-n-propanol-n-butanol ternary system in a distillation column with a liquid collector installed between the reboiler and the column section. Experimental results in a 45mm batch column show that the proposed policy can overcome the flywheel effect caused by column liquid holdup and thus cut down operation time and energy consumption 31%—61%.
文摘The pulse-control operation technique which alternates between total reflux operation and total efflux operation in batch distillation was studied along with the minimum amount of slop cut. Total reflux time was confirmed by dynamic simulation, and total efflux time was adopted by statistic method. For the mixture of hexane and cyclohexane and the traditional constant reflux ratio operation strategy, the amount of slop cut is 1.8-2.1 times of the minimum amount of slop cut; whereas for the pulse-control operation strategy, it is 1. 2 -1.4 times of the minimum amount of slop cut. So compared with the traditional constant reflux ratio operation, the pulse-control operation can decrease the amount of slop cut and operation time, and meanwhile, enhance separation efficiency and yield.
基金supported by the Important National S&T Special Project of China under Grant No.2011ZX01034-002-001-2
文摘Digital circuits operating in the sub-threshold regime consume the least energy. The strict energy constraints are desired in the applications which work at the lowest possible supply voltage. On the other hand, the conventional design flow utilizes the technology library provided by the foundry with a fixed voltage boundary, which causes problems when the supply scales down to the sub-threshold regime. In this paper, we present a design methodology to characterize the existing cell library with Liberty NCX to facilitate the standard design flow. It is demonstrated in 0.13 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor （CMOS） technology with the supply voltage of 300 mV.
文摘Leakage power and propagation delay are two significant issues found in sub-micron technology-based Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor(CMOS)-based Very Large-Scale Integration(VLSI)circuit designs.Positive Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(PMOS)has been replaced by Negative Channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor(NMOS)in recent years,with low dimen-sion-switching changes in order to shape the mirror of voltage comparator.NMOS is used to reduce stacking leakage as well as total exchange.Domino Logic Cir-cuit is a powerful and versatile digital programmer that gained popularity in recent years.In this study regarding Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control Pro-blem,the researchers intend to solve the contention issues,reduce power dissipa-tion,and increase the noise immunity by proposing Adaptive Sub Threshold Voltage Level Control(ASVLC)-based domino circuit.The efficiency and effec-tiveness of the domino circuit are demonstrated through simulation results.The suggested system makes use of high-speed broad fan-gate circuits,occupies mini-mum space,and consumes meagre amount of power.The proposed circuit was validated in Cadence simulation tool at a supply voltage of 1V,frequency of 100 MHz,and an operating temperature of 27°C with 64 input OR gates.As per the simulation results,the suggested Domino Gate reduced the power dissipa-tion by 17.58 percent and improved the noise immunity by 1.21 times in compar-ison with standard domino logic circuits.
文摘The problem of shore wash in environmental engineering is connected in particular with the effect of waves generated by the ships and fast speed boats. Another problem is protection of ＂Marines＂ with anchored boat against waves. Sloping banks provoke unfavorable transformation of waves. Simultaneously sloping bank is the factor which significantly complicates prediction of wave pattern in numerical analysis. The purpose of present paper is to demonstrate the results of numerical investigation of ship waves pattern in constrain water area with slope banks by panel method for non-linear ship waves calculation usually applied for ship hull perfection as routine instrument of towing tanks technology. The method initially developed for calculation of ship hull waves in inviscid infinite fluid was adapted to meet boundary conditions on slope banks. Verification of the method was done for 60-series ship in rectangular channel. Development of wave pattern generated by two ship of different types--monohull ferries and river catamaran was investigated. It was found that ship waves height significantly increased due to slopping banks comparing with case of deep water and shallow water rectangular channel.
文摘The 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane can displayed the characters of structural plane in slop directly, and illustrated the spatial combination. It is a modem and critical question in the field of geotechnical engineering. Based on the peculiarity of the reconnaissance and the research of the visualization by formers, systemized the method fit for building 3D visualization model of slop with structural plane. Write the special program with Visual C^-＋ computer language and illustrated it by OpenGL, the program can displayed and captured the random section plane. The program has a satisfied result by proving with the real projects.
