CO_(2)-responsive gels,which swell upon contact with CO_(2),are widely used for profile control to plug high-permeability gas flow channels in carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)applications in oil reser-voir...CO_(2)-responsive gels,which swell upon contact with CO_(2),are widely used for profile control to plug high-permeability gas flow channels in carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)applications in oil reser-voirs.However,the use of these gels in high-temperature CCUS applications is limited due to their rever-sible swelling behavior at elevated temperatures.In this study,a novel dispersed particle gel(DPG)suspension is developed for high-temperature profile control in CCUS applications.First,we synthesize a double-network hydrogel consisting of a crosslinked polyacrylamide(PAAm)network and a crosslinked sodium alginate(SA)network.The hydrogel is then sheared in water to form a pre-prepared DPG suspen-sion.To enhance its performance,the gel particles are modified by introducing potassium methylsilan-etriolate(PMS)upon CO_(2) exposure.Comparing the particle size distributions of the modified and pre-prepared DPG suspension reveals a significant swelling of gel particles,over twice their original size.Moreover,subjecting the new DPG suspension to a 100℃ environment for 24 h demonstrates that its gel particle sizes do not decrease,confirming irreversible swelling,which is a significant advantage over the traditional CO_(2)-responsive gels.Thermogravimetric analysis further indicates improved thermal sta-bility compared to the pre-prepared DPG particles.Core flooding experiments show that the new DPG suspension achieves a high plugging efficiency of 95.3%in plugging an ultra-high permeability sandpack,whereas the pre-prepared DPG suspension achieves only 82.8%.With its high swelling ratio,irreversible swelling at high temperatures,enhanced thermal stability,and superior plugging performance,the newly developed DPG suspension in this work presents a highly promising solution for profile control in high-temperature CCUS applications.展开更多
Geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)involve complex interactions among Thermo-hydromechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling processes,which significantly affect storage integrity and efficiency.To address the challen...Geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)involve complex interactions among Thermo-hydromechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling processes,which significantly affect storage integrity and efficiency.To address the challenges in accurately simulating these coupled phenomena,this paper systematically reviews recent advances in the mathematical modeling and numerical solution of THMC coupling in CO_(2)geological storage.The study focuses on the derivation and structure of governing and constitutive equations,the classification and comparative performance of fully coupled,iteratively coupled,and explicitly coupled solution methods,and the modeling of dynamic changes in porosity,permeability,and fracture evolution induced by multi-field interactions.Furthermore,the paper evaluates the capabilities,application scenarios,and limitations of major simulation platforms,including TOUGH,CMG-GEM,and COMSOL.By establishing a comparative framework integrating model formulations and solver strategies,this work clarifies the strengths and gaps of current approaches and contributes to the development of robust,scalable,and mechanism-oriented numerical models for long-term prediction of CO_(2)behavior in geological formations.展开更多
Cyclic injection holds great potential for CO_(2) emission reduction coupled with enhanced unconventional oil recovery.There is,however,a lack of a thorough understanding of carbon distribution,migration,and transform...Cyclic injection holds great potential for CO_(2) emission reduction coupled with enhanced unconventional oil recovery.There is,however,a lack of a thorough understanding of carbon distribution,migration,and transformation underground over time at the reservoir scale.To address this issue,we conducted a rig-orous numerical simulation integrating microseismic events,multi-geomechanics,and multi-geochemistry to represent the complex fracture geometry,rock stress sensitivity,and CO_(2)-oil-brine-rock interactions.The fluid model,reservoir model,and geochemical reaction kinetics were carefully validated and calibrated using experimental data.The performance of CO_(2) utilization and geological storage was comprehensively investigated in terms of changes in oil production,CO_(2) storage,carbon distribution,and petrophysical properties.The results indicate that 48.3%of the injected CO_(2) was stored stably under-ground after ten cycles(ten years),with a 3.4%increase in oil recovery.The presence of multiple CO_(2) stor-age forms,such as dissolved in water and mineralized carbonate,impeded CO_(2)-oil interaction,leading to a 25.9%reduction in the volume of the CO_(2)-oil mixing zone and a 2.2%decrease in cumulative oil pro-duction,albeit with a 7.7%increase in the storage rate.The cyclic injection mode had a significant impact on the migration and transformation of CO_(2) in the reservoir.While dissolved CO_(2) in oil accounted for over half of the total storage,it had the possibility of being released during production.After ten cycles,20%of the injected CO_(2)(approximately 12000 t)reached long-term storage in four forms:mineralized carbon-ate(6%),water-dissolved CO_(2)(6%),aqueous ions(4%),and trapped gas(4%).Notably,the non-fracture zone within the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)served as the primary trapping area for residual gas.This work provides valuable insights into dynamic CO_(2) transport and transformation processes under cyclic injection and presents a more comprehensive and precise framework for assessing CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage with enhanced oil recovery(CCUS-EOR)performance in unconventional reser-voirs after fracturing.展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)represents a critical technological pathway for global car-bon emission reduction.CCUS-enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology is the most feasible CCUS technol-ogy demonstrati...Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)represents a critical technological pathway for global car-bon emission reduction.CCUS-enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology is the most feasible CCUS technol-ogy demonstrating dual benefits of enhanced energy production and carbon reduction.This study comprehensively described the key influencing factors governing CO_(2)-EOR and geological storage and systematically analyzed reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameters.The mech-anisms of these parameters on EOR versus CO_(2) storage performance were investigated throughout CCUS-EOR processes.This paper proposes a coupled two-stage CCUS-EOR process:CO_(2)-EOR storage stage and long-term CO_(2) storage stage after the CO_(2) injection phase is completed.In each stage,the main control factors impacting the CO_(2)-EOR and storage stages are screened and coupled with rigorous technical anal-ysis.The key factors here are reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameter.A novel CCUS-EOR synergistic method was proposed to optimize the lifecycle performance of dual objective of EOR and storage.Furthermore,based on multi-objective optimization,considering the lifecycle,a multi-scale techno-economic evaluation method was proposed to fully assess the CCUS-EOR project per-formance.Finally,a set of recommendations for advancing CCUS-EOR technologies by deploying multi-factor/multi-field coupling methodologies,novel green intelligent injection materials,and artificial intel-ligence/machine learning technologies were visited.展开更多
In the context of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,the high-value utilization of carbon storage presents a significant challenge.To address this challenge,this study employed the bipolar membrane electrodialysis...In the context of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,the high-value utilization of carbon storage presents a significant challenge.To address this challenge,this study employed the bipolar membrane electrodialysis integrated with carbon utilization technology to prepare Na_(2)CO_(3)products using simulated seawater concentrate,achieving simultaneous saline wastewater utilization,carbon storage and high-value production of Na_(2)CO_(3).The effects of various factors,including concentration of simulated seawater concentrate,current density,CO_(2)aeration rate,and circulating flow rate of alkali chamber,on the quality of Na_(2)CO_(3)product,carbon sequestration rate,and energy consumption were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the CO_(3)^(2-)concentration in the alkaline chamber reached a maximum of 0.817 mol/L with 98 mol%purity.The resulting carbon fixation rate was 70.50%,with energy consumption for carbon sequestration and product production of 5.7 k Whr/m^(3)CO_(2)and1237.8 k Whr/ton Na_(2)CO_(3),respectively.This coupling design provides a triple-win outcome promoting waste reduction and efficient utilization of resources.展开更多
Reducing the anthropogenic COemissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO,such...Reducing the anthropogenic COemissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO,such as the synthesis of salicylic acid,methanol,urea,NaHCO-NaCOchemicals and recently developed polycarbonate synthesis,scientists are still seeking new materials and technologies for efficient capture,展开更多
An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effe...An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.展开更多
Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here ...Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).展开更多
CO_(2)emission mitigation is one of the most critical research frontiers.As a promising option of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR)can reduce CO_(2)emission b...CO_(2)emission mitigation is one of the most critical research frontiers.As a promising option of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR)can reduce CO_(2)emission by sequestrating it into gas reservoirs and simultaneously enhance natural gas production.Over the past decades,the displacement behaviour of CO_(2)—natural gas has been extensively studied and demonstrated to play a key role on both CO_(2)geologic storage and gas recovery performance.This work thoroughly and critically reviews the experimental and numerical simulation studies of CO_(2)displacing natural gas,along with both CSEGR research and demonstration projects at various scales.The physical property difference between CO_(2)and natural gas,especially density and viscosity,lays the foundation of CSEGR.Previous experiments on displacement behaviour and dispersion characteristics of CO_(2)/natural gas revealed the fundamental mixing characteristics in porous media,which is one key factor of gas recovery efficiency and warrants further study.Preliminary numerical simulations demonstrated that it is technically and economically feasible to apply CSEGR in depleted gas reservoirs.However,CO_(2)preferential flow pathways are easy to form(due to reservoir heterogeneity)and thus adversely compromise CSEGR performance.This preferential flow can be slowed down by connate or injected water.Additionally,the optimization of CO_(2)injection strategies is essential for improving gas recovery and CO_(2)storage,which needs further study.The successful K12—B pilot project provides insightful field-scale knowledge and experience,which paves a good foundation for commercial application.More experiments,simulations,research and demonstration projects are needed to facilitate the maturation of the CSEGR technology.展开更多
The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,th...The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).展开更多
The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■...The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■(CO_(2) to Carbon NanoTechnology)is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO_(2) by its trans-formation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes,C_(GNC),CO_(2)→C_(GNC)+O_(2),such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions.The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO_(2) removal industrial Genesis Device modules.The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.展开更多
Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)or Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)can be integrated with traditional energy sources for significant carbon reduction,serving as a crucial technological option and driver for...Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)or Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)can be integrated with traditional energy sources for significant carbon reduction,serving as a crucial technological option and driver for achieving carbon neutrality.Given China’s coal-based energy structure,developing CCS/CCUS is essential for the country’s energy transition.Currently,the development of CCS/CCUS in China is at an early stage,with many shortcomings that need to be addressed:low technological maturity and integration,a lack of top-level design and macro planning,a weak foundation for commercialization,including market mechanisms,policy incentives,and infrastructure,unclear business modes for large-scale projects,and gaps in legal frameworks and standardization.These factors collectively hinder the large-scale development of CCS/CCUS.To achieve this,it is recommended that at the national level,the opportunity for the energy transition be seized through comprehensive policy planning and top-level design.A systematic policy framework should be introduced to stimulate industrial development,complemented by the enhancement of legal frameworks and technical standards.Proactive measures should be taken in pipeline planning,and clear priorities must be set for technological innovation.The carbon trading market and carbon tax mechanisms should be enriched and refined.A concerted effort is required to create a commercial environment conducive to the rapid development of CCS/CCUS.展开更多
As one promising CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology,miscible CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)significantly outperforms immiscible flooding in enhancing oil production and storing CO_(2).Howe...As one promising CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology,miscible CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)significantly outperforms immiscible flooding in enhancing oil production and storing CO_(2).However,achieving CO_(2)miscible flooding is often hindered by the high minimum miscibility pressure of CO_(2)-oil system in many reservoirs.To address this issue,this study focuses on the mechanisms for enhancing CO_(2)-oil miscibility using different types of surfactants and their blends with ethanol.The effects of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers(EO),fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ethers(PO),tributyl citrate(TC),and glyceryl triacetate(GT)on the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure are quantitatively analyzed,as well as their synergy with ethanol.Results demonstrated that all tested surfactant additives reduce the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressu re.For ethe r-based surfactant additives,an increase in the degree of polymerization(CO_(2)-philic groups)weakens the effectiveness to reduce miscibility pressure.Oxygen atoms in the functional group contribute more significantly to miscibility enhancement than carbon atoms.Among ester surfactants,GT achieved the best reduction effect of miscibility pressure(11.82%at 3.0 wt%),attributed to its symmetrical short side-chain structure and ester groups.Furthermore,ethanol exhibited a significant improvement for surfactants in enhancing miscibility.Notably,the reduction of CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure increases to 27.9%by 3.0 wt%GT blended with 5.0 wt%ethanol.These findings demonstrate that blending surfactants with ethanol is a feasible and effective strategy to facilitate miscible CO_(2)flooding.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the field implementation of miscible CO_(2)-EOR.展开更多
The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been extensively discussed.Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenoty...The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been extensively discussed.Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenotypes,they often face challenges related to public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms.By contrast,adaptive laboratory evolution(ALE)and microbiome optimization have emerged as promising non-genetic modification strategies,with notable success in bacterial models.In microalgae,ALE has been employed to improve resilience against varying environmental and stress factors and increase carbon capture efficiency,and for the production of valuable bioproducts through gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations following manual or automated selection.Furthermore,advancements in the understanding of microbial symbiotic relationships in the phycosphere have facilitated microbiome optimization in microalgal cultivation systems,significantly improving their functionality and productivity.In this study,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in ALE and microbiome optimization of microalgae for CCUS across different carbon emission scenarios,including flue gas,biogas,wastewater,and landfill leachate.We further discuss the current challenges and future directions for the integration of ALE with microbiome optimization,focusing on the potential synergies of these methodologies.Overall,ALE and microbiome optimization are promising approaches to direct microalgae for environmental and industrial CCUS applications,thereby reducing global carbon emissions and addressing climate change challenges.展开更多
Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal...Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal technologies （CCTs） are necessary. This paper presents a review of recent research and development of four kinds of CCTs： coal power generation; coal conversion; pollution control; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. It also outlines future perspectives on directions for technology re search and development （R＆D）. This review shows that China has made remarkable progress in the R＆D of CCTs, and that a number of CCTs have now entered into the commercialization stage.展开更多
Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological lev...Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.展开更多
Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon di...Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet fracturing is expected to efficiently stimulate the carbonate geothermal reservoirs and achieve the storage of CO_(2) simultaneously.In this paper,we established a transient seepage and fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled model to analyze the impact performance of sc-CO_(2) jet fracturing.The mesh-based parallel code coupling interface was employed to couple the fluid and solid domains by exchanging the data through the mesh interface.The physical properties change of sC-CO_(2) with temperature were considered in the numerical model.Results showed that SC-CO_(2) jet frac-turing is superior to water-jet fracturing with respect to jetting velocity,particle trajectory and pene-trability.Besides,stress distribution on the carbonate rock showed that the tensile and shear failure would more easily occur by SC-CO_(2) jet than that by water jet.Moreover,pressure and temperature control the jet field and seepage field of sC-CO_(2) simultaneously.Increasing the jet temperature can effectively enhance the impingement effect and seepage process by decreasing the viscosity and density of SC-CO_(2).The key findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and design reference for applying SC-CO_(2) jet fracturing in carbonate geothermal reservoirs.展开更多
Decisive steps in innovation and competitiveness are needed to meet global greenhouse gas emissions and climate goals.As an effective method for reducing carbon emissions,carbon dioxide(CO_(2))storage and utilization ...Decisive steps in innovation and competitiveness are needed to meet global greenhouse gas emissions and climate goals.As an effective method for reducing carbon emissions,carbon dioxide(CO_(2))storage and utilization on the seabed enable the transport of captured CO_(2)via pipelines or ships to permanent storage sites,such as saline aquifers or depleted oil and gas reservoirs in subsea sediments,or by injecting CO_(2)for the replacement and displacement of subsea resources(oil,gas,gas hydrates,etc.).Subsea CO_(2)utilization and storage(SCUS)involves several research hotspots worldwide,including international and local laws and regulations,security,economics,environmental impact,and public acceptance.Its current research and engineering progress are also of great interest.In addition,the vigorous implementation of the energy transition and the rapid development of renewable energy sources globally have resulted in significant advancements in SCUS.This paper provides an overview of carbon dioxide storage and utilization mechanism in the seabed,analyzes key technical and economic issues,and summarizes existing research on safety risks,monitoring technologies,and investment and operating cost control to identify remaining knowledge gaps.This is followed by an overview of global engineering practice to update on current progress.Finally,combined with the actualities of China,the potential and trend of China's seabed carbon storage and utilization are summarized.This review demonstrates the enormous development prospects for seabed carbon storage and utilization,although some risks remain including leakage and contamination,with which innovation in monitoring technologies and the self-sealing effect of gas hydrate,safe subsea utilization and storage of CO_(2)can be achieved.Additionally,considering the development of renewable energy and the demand for large-scale energy storage,hydrogen,ammonia,or other energy carriers and carbon dioxide storage and utilization can be coupled into an industrial chain to form an economically competitive carbon geological storage mode.展开更多
This work systematically reviews the complex mechanisms of CO_(2)-water-rock interactions,microscopic simulations of reactive transport(dissolution,precipitation and precipitate migration)in porous media,and microscop...This work systematically reviews the complex mechanisms of CO_(2)-water-rock interactions,microscopic simulations of reactive transport(dissolution,precipitation and precipitate migration)in porous media,and microscopic simulations of CO_(2)-water-rock system.The work points out the key issues in current research and provides suggestions for future research.After injection of CO_(2) into underground reservoirs,not only conventional pressure-driven flow and mass transfer processes occur,but also special physicochemical phenomena like dissolution,precipitation,and precipitate migration.The coupling of these processes causes complex changes in permeability and porosity parameters of the porous media.Pore-scale microscopic flow simulations can provide detailed information within the three-dimensional pore and throat space and explicitly observe changes in the fluid-solid interfaces of porous media during reactions.At present,the research has limitations in the decoupling of complex mechanisms,characterization of differential multi-mineral reactions,precipitation generation mechanisms and characterization(crystal nucleation and mineral detachment),simulation methods for precipitation-fluid interaction,and coupling mechanisms of multiple physicochemical processes.In future studies,it is essential to innovate experimental methods to decouple“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”processes,improve the accuracy of experimental testing of minerals geochemical reaction-related parameters,build reliable characterization of various precipitation types,establish precipitation-fluid interaction simulation methods,coordinate the boundary conditions of different physicochemical processes,and,finally,achieve coupled flow simulation of“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”within CO_(2)-water-rock systems.展开更多
The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a ca...The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.展开更多
基金Lin Du acknowledges the financial support provided by China Scholarship Council(CSC)via a Ph.D.Scholarship(202008510128)supported by Core Technology Project of China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)"Research on Thermal Miscible Flooding Technology"(2023ZG18)。
文摘CO_(2)-responsive gels,which swell upon contact with CO_(2),are widely used for profile control to plug high-permeability gas flow channels in carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)applications in oil reser-voirs.However,the use of these gels in high-temperature CCUS applications is limited due to their rever-sible swelling behavior at elevated temperatures.In this study,a novel dispersed particle gel(DPG)suspension is developed for high-temperature profile control in CCUS applications.First,we synthesize a double-network hydrogel consisting of a crosslinked polyacrylamide(PAAm)network and a crosslinked sodium alginate(SA)network.The hydrogel is then sheared in water to form a pre-prepared DPG suspen-sion.To enhance its performance,the gel particles are modified by introducing potassium methylsilan-etriolate(PMS)upon CO_(2) exposure.Comparing the particle size distributions of the modified and pre-prepared DPG suspension reveals a significant swelling of gel particles,over twice their original size.Moreover,subjecting the new DPG suspension to a 100℃ environment for 24 h demonstrates that its gel particle sizes do not decrease,confirming irreversible swelling,which is a significant advantage over the traditional CO_(2)-responsive gels.Thermogravimetric analysis further indicates improved thermal sta-bility compared to the pre-prepared DPG particles.Core flooding experiments show that the new DPG suspension achieves a high plugging efficiency of 95.3%in plugging an ultra-high permeability sandpack,whereas the pre-prepared DPG suspension achieves only 82.8%.With its high swelling ratio,irreversible swelling at high temperatures,enhanced thermal stability,and superior plugging performance,the newly developed DPG suspension in this work presents a highly promising solution for profile control in high-temperature CCUS applications.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52179112)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation(Southwest Petroleum University)(No.PLN2023-02)。
文摘Geological storage and utilization of CO_(2)involve complex interactions among Thermo-hydromechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling processes,which significantly affect storage integrity and efficiency.To address the challenges in accurately simulating these coupled phenomena,this paper systematically reviews recent advances in the mathematical modeling and numerical solution of THMC coupling in CO_(2)geological storage.The study focuses on the derivation and structure of governing and constitutive equations,the classification and comparative performance of fully coupled,iteratively coupled,and explicitly coupled solution methods,and the modeling of dynamic changes in porosity,permeability,and fracture evolution induced by multi-field interactions.Furthermore,the paper evaluates the capabilities,application scenarios,and limitations of major simulation platforms,including TOUGH,CMG-GEM,and COMSOL.By establishing a comparative framework integrating model formulations and solver strategies,this work clarifies the strengths and gaps of current approaches and contributes to the development of robust,scalable,and mechanism-oriented numerical models for long-term prediction of CO_(2)behavior in geological formations.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0120700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274041)Distinguished Young Sichuan Science Scholars(2023NSFSC1954).
文摘Cyclic injection holds great potential for CO_(2) emission reduction coupled with enhanced unconventional oil recovery.There is,however,a lack of a thorough understanding of carbon distribution,migration,and transformation underground over time at the reservoir scale.To address this issue,we conducted a rig-orous numerical simulation integrating microseismic events,multi-geomechanics,and multi-geochemistry to represent the complex fracture geometry,rock stress sensitivity,and CO_(2)-oil-brine-rock interactions.The fluid model,reservoir model,and geochemical reaction kinetics were carefully validated and calibrated using experimental data.The performance of CO_(2) utilization and geological storage was comprehensively investigated in terms of changes in oil production,CO_(2) storage,carbon distribution,and petrophysical properties.The results indicate that 48.3%of the injected CO_(2) was stored stably under-ground after ten cycles(ten years),with a 3.4%increase in oil recovery.The presence of multiple CO_(2) stor-age forms,such as dissolved in water and mineralized carbonate,impeded CO_(2)-oil interaction,leading to a 25.9%reduction in the volume of the CO_(2)-oil mixing zone and a 2.2%decrease in cumulative oil pro-duction,albeit with a 7.7%increase in the storage rate.The cyclic injection mode had a significant impact on the migration and transformation of CO_(2) in the reservoir.While dissolved CO_(2) in oil accounted for over half of the total storage,it had the possibility of being released during production.After ten cycles,20%of the injected CO_(2)(approximately 12000 t)reached long-term storage in four forms:mineralized carbon-ate(6%),water-dissolved CO_(2)(6%),aqueous ions(4%),and trapped gas(4%).Notably,the non-fracture zone within the stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)served as the primary trapping area for residual gas.This work provides valuable insights into dynamic CO_(2) transport and transformation processes under cyclic injection and presents a more comprehensive and precise framework for assessing CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage with enhanced oil recovery(CCUS-EOR)performance in unconventional reser-voirs after fracturing.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206700)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(2462021YJRC012).
文摘Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)represents a critical technological pathway for global car-bon emission reduction.CCUS-enhanced oil recovery(EOR)technology is the most feasible CCUS technol-ogy demonstrating dual benefits of enhanced energy production and carbon reduction.This study comprehensively described the key influencing factors governing CO_(2)-EOR and geological storage and systematically analyzed reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameters.The mech-anisms of these parameters on EOR versus CO_(2) storage performance were investigated throughout CCUS-EOR processes.This paper proposes a coupled two-stage CCUS-EOR process:CO_(2)-EOR storage stage and long-term CO_(2) storage stage after the CO_(2) injection phase is completed.In each stage,the main control factors impacting the CO_(2)-EOR and storage stages are screened and coupled with rigorous technical anal-ysis.The key factors here are reservoir properties,fluid characteristics,and operational parameter.A novel CCUS-EOR synergistic method was proposed to optimize the lifecycle performance of dual objective of EOR and storage.Furthermore,based on multi-objective optimization,considering the lifecycle,a multi-scale techno-economic evaluation method was proposed to fully assess the CCUS-EOR project per-formance.Finally,a set of recommendations for advancing CCUS-EOR technologies by deploying multi-factor/multi-field coupling methodologies,novel green intelligent injection materials,and artificial intel-ligence/machine learning technologies were visited.
基金supported by the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.226Z3102G)the Fundamental Research Funds of Hebei University of Technology(No.JBKYTD2001)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.QN2022089)。
文摘In the context of carbon capture,utilization,and storage,the high-value utilization of carbon storage presents a significant challenge.To address this challenge,this study employed the bipolar membrane electrodialysis integrated with carbon utilization technology to prepare Na_(2)CO_(3)products using simulated seawater concentrate,achieving simultaneous saline wastewater utilization,carbon storage and high-value production of Na_(2)CO_(3).The effects of various factors,including concentration of simulated seawater concentrate,current density,CO_(2)aeration rate,and circulating flow rate of alkali chamber,on the quality of Na_(2)CO_(3)product,carbon sequestration rate,and energy consumption were investigated.Under the optimal condition,the CO_(3)^(2-)concentration in the alkaline chamber reached a maximum of 0.817 mol/L with 98 mol%purity.The resulting carbon fixation rate was 70.50%,with energy consumption for carbon sequestration and product production of 5.7 k Whr/m^(3)CO_(2)and1237.8 k Whr/ton Na_(2)CO_(3),respectively.This coupling design provides a triple-win outcome promoting waste reduction and efficient utilization of resources.
文摘Reducing the anthropogenic COemissions from fossil resource combustion and human activities has become one of the major challenges we are facing today.Beyond those practical applications for the utilization of CO,such as the synthesis of salicylic acid,methanol,urea,NaHCO-NaCOchemicals and recently developed polycarbonate synthesis,scientists are still seeking new materials and technologies for efficient capture,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174038 and No.52004307)China Petroleum Science and Technology Project-major project-Research on tight oil-shale oil reservoir engineering methods and key technologies in Ordos Basin(ZLZX2020-02-04)Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462018YJRC015).
文摘An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.
文摘Present industrial decarbonization technologies require an active CO_(2)-concentration system,often based on lime reaction or amine binding reactions,which is energy intensive and carries a high CO_(2)-footprint.Here instead,an effective process without active CO_(2)concentration is demonstrated in a new process-termed IC2CNT(Insulationdiffusion facilitated CO_(2) to Carbon Nanomaterial Technology)decarbonization process.Molten carbonates such as Li_(2)CO_(3)(mp 723℃)are highly insoluble to industrial feed gas principal components(N2,O_(2),and H2O).However,CO_(2) can readily dissolve and react in molten carbonates.We have recently characterized high CO_(2) diffusion rates through porous aluminosilicate and calcium-magnesium silicate thermal insulations.Here,the CO_(2) in ambient feed gas passes through these membranes into molten Li_(2)CO_(3).The membrane also concurrently insulates the feed gas from the hot molten carbonate chamber,obviating the need to heat the(non-CO_(2))majority of the feed gas to high temperature.In this insulation facilitated decarbonization process CO_(2)is split by electrolysis in the molten carbonate producing sequestered,high-purity carbon nanomaterials(such as CNTs)and O_(2).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51906256 and 52074337)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(21CX06033A)
文摘CO_(2)emission mitigation is one of the most critical research frontiers.As a promising option of carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS),CO_(2)storage with enhanced gas recovery(CSEGR)can reduce CO_(2)emission by sequestrating it into gas reservoirs and simultaneously enhance natural gas production.Over the past decades,the displacement behaviour of CO_(2)—natural gas has been extensively studied and demonstrated to play a key role on both CO_(2)geologic storage and gas recovery performance.This work thoroughly and critically reviews the experimental and numerical simulation studies of CO_(2)displacing natural gas,along with both CSEGR research and demonstration projects at various scales.The physical property difference between CO_(2)and natural gas,especially density and viscosity,lays the foundation of CSEGR.Previous experiments on displacement behaviour and dispersion characteristics of CO_(2)/natural gas revealed the fundamental mixing characteristics in porous media,which is one key factor of gas recovery efficiency and warrants further study.Preliminary numerical simulations demonstrated that it is technically and economically feasible to apply CSEGR in depleted gas reservoirs.However,CO_(2)preferential flow pathways are easy to form(due to reservoir heterogeneity)and thus adversely compromise CSEGR performance.This preferential flow can be slowed down by connate or injected water.Additionally,the optimization of CO_(2)injection strategies is essential for improving gas recovery and CO_(2)storage,which needs further study.The successful K12—B pilot project provides insightful field-scale knowledge and experience,which paves a good foundation for commercial application.More experiments,simulations,research and demonstration projects are needed to facilitate the maturation of the CSEGR technology.
基金financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(72174196 and 71874193)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining(SKLCRSM21KFA05)National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals.
文摘The promotion of deep decarbonization in the cement industry is crucial for mitigating global climate change,a key component of which is carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology.Despite its importance,there is a lack of empirical assessments of early opportunities for CCUS implementation in the cement sector.In this study,a comprehensive onshore and offshore source–sink matching optimization assessment framework for CCUS retrofitting in the cement industry,called the SSM-Cement framework,is proposed.The framework comprises four main modules:the cement plant suitability screening module,the storage site assessment module,the source–sink matching optimization model module,and the economic assessment module.By applying this framework to China,919 candidates are initially screened from 1132 existing cement plants.Further,603 CCUS-ready cement plants are identified,and are found to achieve a cumulative emission reduction of 18.5 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060 by meeting the CCUS feasibility conditions for constructing both onshore and offshore CO_(2) transportation routes.The levelized cost of cement(LCOC)is found to range from 30 to 96(mean 73)USD·(t cement)^(-1),while the levelized carbon avoidance cost(LCAC)ranges from^(-5) to 140(mean 88)USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).The northeastern and northwestern regions of China are considered priority areas for CCUS implementation,with the LCAC concentrated in the range of 35 to 70 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).In addition to onshore storage of 15.8 Gt CO_(2) from 2030 to 2060,offshore storage would contribute 2.7 Gt of decarbonization for coastal cement plants,with comparable LCACs around 90 USD·(t CO_(2))^(-1).
文摘The discovery,advances,and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry,which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change,are presented.C2CNT■(CO_(2) to Carbon NanoTechnology)is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO_(2) by its trans-formation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes,C_(GNC),CO_(2)→C_(GNC)+O_(2),such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions.The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 m2 electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO_(2) removal industrial Genesis Device modules.The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.
基金the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,“Research on the Method of CO_(2) Technology Economic Evaluation Based on Net Energy and Carbon Input-Output”(72274212).
文摘Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)or Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)can be integrated with traditional energy sources for significant carbon reduction,serving as a crucial technological option and driver for achieving carbon neutrality.Given China’s coal-based energy structure,developing CCS/CCUS is essential for the country’s energy transition.Currently,the development of CCS/CCUS in China is at an early stage,with many shortcomings that need to be addressed:low technological maturity and integration,a lack of top-level design and macro planning,a weak foundation for commercialization,including market mechanisms,policy incentives,and infrastructure,unclear business modes for large-scale projects,and gaps in legal frameworks and standardization.These factors collectively hinder the large-scale development of CCS/CCUS.To achieve this,it is recommended that at the national level,the opportunity for the energy transition be seized through comprehensive policy planning and top-level design.A systematic policy framework should be introduced to stimulate industrial development,complemented by the enhancement of legal frameworks and technical standards.Proactive measures should be taken in pipeline planning,and clear priorities must be set for technological innovation.The carbon trading market and carbon tax mechanisms should be enriched and refined.A concerted effort is required to create a commercial environment conducive to the rapid development of CCS/CCUS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374063,52204065 and 52304098)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023ME049)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(25CX07004A)State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering(SDGZK2429)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818095605012)。
文摘As one promising CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology,miscible CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery(CO_(2)-EOR)significantly outperforms immiscible flooding in enhancing oil production and storing CO_(2).However,achieving CO_(2)miscible flooding is often hindered by the high minimum miscibility pressure of CO_(2)-oil system in many reservoirs.To address this issue,this study focuses on the mechanisms for enhancing CO_(2)-oil miscibility using different types of surfactants and their blends with ethanol.The effects of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers(EO),fatty alcohol polyoxypropylene ethers(PO),tributyl citrate(TC),and glyceryl triacetate(GT)on the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure are quantitatively analyzed,as well as their synergy with ethanol.Results demonstrated that all tested surfactant additives reduce the CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressu re.For ethe r-based surfactant additives,an increase in the degree of polymerization(CO_(2)-philic groups)weakens the effectiveness to reduce miscibility pressure.Oxygen atoms in the functional group contribute more significantly to miscibility enhancement than carbon atoms.Among ester surfactants,GT achieved the best reduction effect of miscibility pressure(11.82%at 3.0 wt%),attributed to its symmetrical short side-chain structure and ester groups.Furthermore,ethanol exhibited a significant improvement for surfactants in enhancing miscibility.Notably,the reduction of CO_(2)-oil miscibility pressure increases to 27.9%by 3.0 wt%GT blended with 5.0 wt%ethanol.These findings demonstrate that blending surfactants with ethanol is a feasible and effective strategy to facilitate miscible CO_(2)flooding.This study provides valuable insights and practical guidance for the field implementation of miscible CO_(2)-EOR.
基金supported by the James Albrecht Graduate Student Fellowship for Z.He,and J.Wang at the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology(IMET),the University System of Maryland and the DOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management(FE-0031914 and FE-0032188).
文摘The potential of microalgae as a biological resource for carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)has been extensively discussed.Although genetic engineering methods have been employed to improve microalgal phenotypes,they often face challenges related to public concerns regarding genetically modified organisms.By contrast,adaptive laboratory evolution(ALE)and microbiome optimization have emerged as promising non-genetic modification strategies,with notable success in bacterial models.In microalgae,ALE has been employed to improve resilience against varying environmental and stress factors and increase carbon capture efficiency,and for the production of valuable bioproducts through gradual accumulation of beneficial mutations following manual or automated selection.Furthermore,advancements in the understanding of microbial symbiotic relationships in the phycosphere have facilitated microbiome optimization in microalgal cultivation systems,significantly improving their functionality and productivity.In this study,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in ALE and microbiome optimization of microalgae for CCUS across different carbon emission scenarios,including flue gas,biogas,wastewater,and landfill leachate.We further discuss the current challenges and future directions for the integration of ALE with microbiome optimization,focusing on the potential synergies of these methodologies.Overall,ALE and microbiome optimization are promising approaches to direct microalgae for environmental and industrial CCUS applications,thereby reducing global carbon emissions and addressing climate change challenges.
基金Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support from the National Key Basic Research Program of China （2013CB228500）, the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi- na （71203119）, and the Advanced Coal Technology Consortium of CERC （2016YFE0102500）.
文摘Coal is the dominant primary energy source in China and the major source of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. To facilitate the use of coal in an environmentally satisfactory and economically viable way, clean coal technologies （CCTs） are necessary. This paper presents a review of recent research and development of four kinds of CCTs： coal power generation; coal conversion; pollution control; and carbon capture, utilization, and storage. It also outlines future perspectives on directions for technology re search and development （R＆D）. This review shows that China has made remarkable progress in the R＆D of CCTs, and that a number of CCTs have now entered into the commercialization stage.
基金supported by the Henan Institute for Chinese Development Strategy of Engineering&Technology(Grant No.2022HENZDA02)by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province Project(Grant No.2021YFH0010).
文摘Carbon neutrality(or climate neutrality)has been a global consensus,and international experience exchange is essential.Given the differences in the degree of social development,resource endowment and technological level,each country should build a carbon-neutral plan based on its national conditions.Compared with other major developed countries(e.g.,Germany,the United States and Japan),China's carbon neutrality has much bigger challenges,including a heavy and time-pressured carbon reduction task and the current energy structure that is over-dependent on fossil fuels.Here we provide a comprehensive review of the status and prospects of the key technologies for low-carbon,near-zero carbon,and negative carbon emissions.Technological innovations associated with coal,oil-gas and hydrogen industries and their future potential in reducing carbon emissions are particularly explained and assessed.Based on integrated analysis of international experience from the world's major developed countries,in-depth knowledge of the current and future technologies,and China's energy and ecological resources potential,five lessons for the implementation of China's carbon neutrality are proposed:(1)transformation of energy production pattern from a coal-dominated pattern to a diversified renewable energy pattern;(2)renewable power-to-X and large-scale underground energy storage;(3)integration of green hydrogen production,storage,transport and utilization;(4)construction of clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling(ENSYSCO);(5)improvement of ecosystem carbon sinks both in nationwide forest land and potential desert in Northwest China.This paper provides an international perspective for a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities of carbon neutrality in China,and can serve as a theoretical foundation for medium-long term carbon neutral policy formulation.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFB1504102).
文摘Geothermal energy is a kind of renewable,sustainable and clean energy resource.Geothermal energy is abundant in carbonate reservoirs.However,low matrix permeability limits its exploitation.The super-critical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))jet fracturing is expected to efficiently stimulate the carbonate geothermal reservoirs and achieve the storage of CO_(2) simultaneously.In this paper,we established a transient seepage and fluid-thermo-mechanical coupled model to analyze the impact performance of sc-CO_(2) jet fracturing.The mesh-based parallel code coupling interface was employed to couple the fluid and solid domains by exchanging the data through the mesh interface.The physical properties change of sC-CO_(2) with temperature were considered in the numerical model.Results showed that SC-CO_(2) jet frac-turing is superior to water-jet fracturing with respect to jetting velocity,particle trajectory and pene-trability.Besides,stress distribution on the carbonate rock showed that the tensile and shear failure would more easily occur by SC-CO_(2) jet than that by water jet.Moreover,pressure and temperature control the jet field and seepage field of sC-CO_(2) simultaneously.Increasing the jet temperature can effectively enhance the impingement effect and seepage process by decreasing the viscosity and density of SC-CO_(2).The key findings are expected to provide a theoretical basis and design reference for applying SC-CO_(2) jet fracturing in carbonate geothermal reservoirs.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge for financial support of the project from Henan Institute for Chinese Development Strategy of Engineering&Technology(Grant No.2022HENZDA02)Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2602021YFH0010)China Scholarship Council(CSC File No.201808510186).
文摘Decisive steps in innovation and competitiveness are needed to meet global greenhouse gas emissions and climate goals.As an effective method for reducing carbon emissions,carbon dioxide(CO_(2))storage and utilization on the seabed enable the transport of captured CO_(2)via pipelines or ships to permanent storage sites,such as saline aquifers or depleted oil and gas reservoirs in subsea sediments,or by injecting CO_(2)for the replacement and displacement of subsea resources(oil,gas,gas hydrates,etc.).Subsea CO_(2)utilization and storage(SCUS)involves several research hotspots worldwide,including international and local laws and regulations,security,economics,environmental impact,and public acceptance.Its current research and engineering progress are also of great interest.In addition,the vigorous implementation of the energy transition and the rapid development of renewable energy sources globally have resulted in significant advancements in SCUS.This paper provides an overview of carbon dioxide storage and utilization mechanism in the seabed,analyzes key technical and economic issues,and summarizes existing research on safety risks,monitoring technologies,and investment and operating cost control to identify remaining knowledge gaps.This is followed by an overview of global engineering practice to update on current progress.Finally,combined with the actualities of China,the potential and trend of China's seabed carbon storage and utilization are summarized.This review demonstrates the enormous development prospects for seabed carbon storage and utilization,although some risks remain including leakage and contamination,with which innovation in monitoring technologies and the self-sealing effect of gas hydrate,safe subsea utilization and storage of CO_(2)can be achieved.Additionally,considering the development of renewable energy and the demand for large-scale energy storage,hydrogen,ammonia,or other energy carriers and carbon dioxide storage and utilization can be coupled into an industrial chain to form an economically competitive carbon geological storage mode.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52234003,52222402,52304044).
文摘This work systematically reviews the complex mechanisms of CO_(2)-water-rock interactions,microscopic simulations of reactive transport(dissolution,precipitation and precipitate migration)in porous media,and microscopic simulations of CO_(2)-water-rock system.The work points out the key issues in current research and provides suggestions for future research.After injection of CO_(2) into underground reservoirs,not only conventional pressure-driven flow and mass transfer processes occur,but also special physicochemical phenomena like dissolution,precipitation,and precipitate migration.The coupling of these processes causes complex changes in permeability and porosity parameters of the porous media.Pore-scale microscopic flow simulations can provide detailed information within the three-dimensional pore and throat space and explicitly observe changes in the fluid-solid interfaces of porous media during reactions.At present,the research has limitations in the decoupling of complex mechanisms,characterization of differential multi-mineral reactions,precipitation generation mechanisms and characterization(crystal nucleation and mineral detachment),simulation methods for precipitation-fluid interaction,and coupling mechanisms of multiple physicochemical processes.In future studies,it is essential to innovate experimental methods to decouple“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”processes,improve the accuracy of experimental testing of minerals geochemical reaction-related parameters,build reliable characterization of various precipitation types,establish precipitation-fluid interaction simulation methods,coordinate the boundary conditions of different physicochemical processes,and,finally,achieve coupled flow simulation of“dissolution-precipitation-precipitate migration”within CO_(2)-water-rock systems.
文摘The Alkaline Thermal Treatment(ATT)of biomass is one of the few biomass conversion processes that has a potential for BECCS(bio-energy with carbon capture and storage).Combining in-situ carbon capture withcreates a carbon-neutral process that has the potential to be carbon-negative.This study has shown that the conversion of cellulose tosuppressedcan be achieved through the reforming of gaseous intermediates in a fixed bed of 10%Ni/ZrO2.Reforming occurs at low temperatures≤773 K,which could allow for improved sustainability.
